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SEMINAR REPORT
BY PRACHI TAORI
M. Tech
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
II Semester
17SE06001
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Many existing structures which were either constructed using poor construction practices or
were constructed before the seismic codes were properly designed need retrofitting to
enhance their flexural capacity so that they can withstand severe earthquakes. Carbon fiber
reinforced polymer (CFRP) is one of the materials that is widely popular in the field of
retrofitting because of its high tensile strength, lightweight and corrosion resisting
properties. CFRP can be used to enhance the flexural performance of reinforced concrete
(RC) members while causing minimum hindrance to the occupants or functioning of the
structure. In this study, flexural strength of reference and retrofitted members is investigated
experimentally and is further compared with the predicted analytical strength.
With From the lateral load displacement curves obtained for reference specimens it is seen
that failure takes places quite early at the drift ratio of about 1%. On retrofitting the
specimen using CFRP rods anchored with CFRP sheets to the support in the specimen RS
specimen, an enhancement in strength up to the drift ratio of 1.5% is seen following which
sudden loss in strength takes place due to the fracture of CFRP anchor sheets at the
interface of the member and the support. The imperfect impregnation and non-uniform
alignment of the fibers are deemed as the reasons for the premature damage of the CFRP
sheet anchors. To prevent this kind of pre-mature failure, the amount of anchorage sheets in
the specimen RS is doubled, despite that there is not much enhancement in performance as
the failure takes place at around 2% drift ratio. However the specimen RR that uses rods for
anchorage shows the lateral load carrying capacity up to 6% drift ratio and is able to resist
maximum lateral load i.e. 4.8 times that of reference specimens and 2.5% that of other
retrofitted specimens.
The theoretical flexural capacity was not reached in the case of specimens RS and LS, because
of premature failure of CFRP anchorage rolls at relatively early stages of loading. However the
specimen RR shows better performance as compared to that estimated theoretically. The
exceedence of the capacity is attributed to the contribution of CFRP anchor rods, used in the
form of starter bars at the maximum moment section. The comparison is shown in table 2.
SPECIMENS R1 RS LS RR
5.0 CONCLUSIONS
From the results obtained it is seen that the specimen RR is able to resist buckling and de-
bonding till 6% drift ratio is achieved, it could resist lateral loads 4.7 and 2.3 times that of the
reference and other retrofitted specimens, respectively. Hence the retrofitting using CFRP
rods could be employed for enhancing the lateral strength and ductility.
However, the one problem associated with the use of CFRP elements is the effectively
strengthened member does not exhibit a typically ductile behavior that is expected from a
typical RC member. Therefore, this issue should be considered carefully during flexural
strengthening of RC members with longitudinal CFRP reinforcement.
6.0 REFERENCES
Caglar Goksu, Alper Polat and Alper Ilki. (2012), “Attempt for Seismic Retrofit of Existing
substandard RC Members under Reversed Cyclic Flexural Effects”, Structural Engineering
Journal, ASCE, 16(3), 286-299
American Concrete Institute (ACI). (2008). “Guide for design and construction of externally
bonded FRP systems for strengthening concrete structures.” ACI 440.2R-08, Farmington Hills,
MI.