19.06.

2018 Tuesday
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dolorous - Marked by or exhibiting sorrow, grief, or pain.
Synonyms: lachrymose, weeping, tearful
Usage: She always speaks with a wailing, dolorous voice—you are nervously expecting her to burst into tears
every moment.

harebrained - Very foolish.

Synonyms: insane, mad
Usage: She devised a harebrained scheme to get her money back, but it ended up landing her in jail.

plenteous - Affording an abundant supply.

Synonyms: ample, copious, rich
Usage: The vintner was thrilled with the plenteous grape harvest, which would make barrels and barrels of
wine.

brusque - Abrupt and curt in manner or speech; discourteously blunt.

Synonyms: curt, short, gruff
Usage: I did not think of asking him for details, and he told me the story roughly in brusque, disconnected
sentences.

off-guard - Not prepared or vigilant.

Synonyms: napping
Usage: The burglar caught our security personnel off-guard and escaped the facility before they had even
sounded the alarm.

narrow - not wide; "a narrow bridge"; "a narrow line across the page"
Antonyms: broad, wide, widen

berate - Censure severely or angrily.

Antonyms: approve, praise, cheer, admire, acclaim, applaud, compliment, congratulate, commend, laud, extol
Usage: The coach berated the players for their lackluster performance on the field.

charge - pay with a credit card; pay with plastic money; postpone payment by recording a purchase as a debt;
"Will you pay cash or charge the purchase?"
Antonyms: pay cash

recant - Formally reject or disavow a formerly held belief, usually under pressure.
Antonyms: insist, maintain, repeat, uphold, reiterate, reaffirm, profess, restate
Usage: The dissident refused to recant and was imprisoned.

exhume - Dig up for reburial or for medical investigation; of dead bodies.

Antonyms: bury, inter, entomb, inhume
Usage: Hoping to uncover evidence of foul play, the police chief ordered that the body be exhumed.
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 Compound Nouns
What is a compound noun?
A compound noun is a noun consisting of two or more words working together as a single unit to name a
person, place, or thing. Compound nouns are usually made up of two nouns or an adjective and a noun, but
other combinations are also possible, as well.
Generally, the first word in the compound noun tells us what kind of person or thing it is or what purpose he,
she, or it serves, while the second word defines the person or object, telling us who or what it is. For example:

 water + bottle = water bottle (a bottle used for water)

 dining + room = dining room (a room used for dining)
 back + pack = backpack (a pack you wear on your back)
 police + man = policeman (a police officer who is a man)

Like other nouns, compound nouns can be modified by other adjectives. For example:

 “I need to buy a large water bottle.”

 “That’s a beautiful dining room.”
 “My old backpack is still my favorite.”
 “A lone policeman foiled the attempted robbery.”

You can recognize compound nouns because the meaning of the two words put together is different than the
meaning of the words separately. For example, water and bottle have their own separate meanings, but when
we use them together they mean a particular type of bottle that we drink water from.

Forming compound nouns

As mentioned, compound nouns are formed by combining two or more words, with the most common
combinations being noun + noun or adjective + noun. However, combinations using other parts of speech are
also possible. Below are the various combinations used to create compound nouns.

Noun + noun
There are a great number of compound nouns formed using the noun + noun combination. For example:

 backpack
 bathroom
 bathtub
 bedroom
 bus stop
 fish tank
 football
 handbag
 motorcycle
 shopkeeper
 tablecloth
 toothpaste
 wallpaper
 water bottle
 website
 wristwatch

Adjective + noun
There are also many compound nouns that are formed using the adjective + noun combination. For example:

 full moon
 blackberry
 blackbird
 blackboard
 cell(ular) phone
 mobile phone
 hardware
 highway
 greenhouse
 redhead
 six-pack
 small talk
 software
 whiteboard

Other combinations
Although the noun + noun and adjective + noun combinations are the most common, there are also plenty of
other possibilities for forming compound nouns. For example:
Combination Examples

noun + verb haircut, rainfall, sunrise, sunset

noun + preposition hanger-on, passerby
noun + prepositional phrase brother-in-law, mother-in-law
noun + adjective cupful, spoonful
verb + noun breakfast, washing machine, runway, pickpocket, swimming pool
preposition + noun bystander, influx, onlooker, underpants, upstairs
verb + preposition check-in, checkout/check-out, drawback, lookout, makeup
adjective + verb dry cleaning, public speaking
preposition + verb input, output, overthrow, upturn

Writing compound nouns

Compound nouns are very common, both in written and spoken English, and there are spelling, punctuation,
and pronunciation norms that we must be aware of if we want to use them correctly.

The three written forms of compound nouns

Writing compound nouns is a bit complicated due to the fact that they can take three different forms.
First, open compound nouns (or spaced compound nouns) are those that are written as two separate words,
such as washing machine, swimming pool, and water bottle.
Second, there are hyphenated compound nouns, as in check-in, hanger-on, and mother-in-law.
Third, there are closed compound nouns (or solid compound nouns)—those that are written as one word,
such as rainfall, drawback, and toothpaste.
Unfortunately, there aren’t any rules that tell us which of the three forms is acceptable for a particular
compound noun. Some compound nouns are commonly written in two forms, as in website / web
site or checkout / check-out, while others, such as bus stop, are strictly used in one form. Where more than one
is possible, the form that is more commonly used may depend on the variety of English (American English vs.
British English, for example), the style guide of a publication, or the personal preference of the writer.
If you’re not sure which of the three forms to use, it’s important to check a good, up-to-date dictionary. If you
are relying on the spellchecker in a word processor, remember that this has its limits. For example, spellcheck is
good for checking whether a particular compound noun can be written as one word (closed); however, if we
write a compound noun as two words (open) and it should be written as one word (closed), or if we write it with
a hyphen and it should be written without a hyphen, spellcheck will not catch the mistakes.
Finally, remember that, no matter which way the compound noun is written, it always functions grammatically
as a single unit.

Pluralizing compound nouns

We usually pluralize a compound noun by adding an “-s” or “-es” to the main word, or the defining word, of
the compound noun. This is usually the second word, but not always. For example:
Singular Plural

bedroom bedrooms
football footballs
water bottle water bottles
full moon full moons
BUT
Singular Plural

secretary general secretaries general

mother-in-law mothers-in-law
passerby / passer-by passersby / passers-by
When it’s not obvious which of the words is the defining word, we pluralize the end of it. For example:
Singular Plural

haircut haircuts
check-in check-ins
checkout / check-out checkouts / check-outs
upturn upturns

Pronouncing compound nouns

In general, compound nouns are pronounced with the emphasis on the first part of the word. For example:

 BEDroom
 BLACKbird
 CHECK-in
 GREENhouse
 MAKEup
 WATER bottle

Pronouncing compound nouns in this way helps us distinguish words that form a compound noun
like blackbird and greenhouse from other instances when the same words would appear together, as in: “Look
at that beautiful black bird,” or “I like that green house on the corner.”
Although we normally stress the first word in a compound noun, there are certain exceptions to this pattern. For
example, we disregard this rule when pronouncing compound nouns that include titles or proper nouns, as
in Secretary GENeral and Mount RUSHmore.
If in doubt, you can use a good dictionary to determine which syllable should be emphasized.

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 GOOD MOTHER ESSAY
No love can come even close to the love mother feels for the child. Most women
are naturally good mothers. Mothers share the bond of unconditional love and
affection with their children. Mothers always take care that their children are
happy, safe and healthy throughout their lives. Mothers are meant to be the
mentors for their children. Children get highly influenced by their mother‟s
behaviour.

Here are essays on Good Mother of varying lengths to help you with the topic
in your exam. You can choose any Good Mother essay as per your interest
and requirement:

SHORT ESSAY ON GOOD MOTHER – ESSAY 1 (200 WORDS)

“God could not be everywhere, and therefore he made mothers”. I truly believe
in this quote by Rudyard Kipling. We don‟t even need to ask her for anything,
she is just always there. There is nothing better than the mother‟s love and
affection. Her happiness lies in our laughter and smiles.

The reason why every Mother is special is that her heart is full of
unconditional love for her child. There is no other special bond in the world
like a bond shared between a child and a mother. For nine months she
nurtures a child in her womb and smiles at the first glimpse of her child.
From the day we are born she protects us in her arms. The comfort that we
get in her arms is the most loving and soothing feeling in the world. It is
priceless. There is no other feeling so precious in life. She feeds us and spends
sleepless nights to sing us lullabies so that we can have a sound sleep. Every
moment she loves and cares for us.

As a child, we often trouble her but she never complains about it. She gives us
more priority than her own self. As we grow, we may have disagreements with
our mother but the bond is so strong that the disagreements turn in to
agreements. We develop a new relation of friendship with her and share every
aspect of our lives with her. She understands and supports us in every aspect
of our lives.

There is no comparison to the role that mother plays in our life. She is always
the most special person in her child‟s life.

ESSAY ON GOOD MOTHERHOOD – ESSAY 2 (300 WORDS)

A woman enters motherhood by giving birth to a child, raising him, feeding

him and nurturing him with love and care. Mothers have been valued all
through human history. However, it is not necessary for a woman to give birth
to a child in order to experience motherhood. In fact, motherhood is much
more than just giving birth to a child.

Motherhood refers to the art of loving and nurturing a child with deep care
from the heart without any expectations. There are mothers who have not
physically given birth to the child but have proved to be the most loving and
caring mothers. And there are also mothers who have left their children after
giving birth to them. Motherhood refers to the role that she plays as a mother.
A mother loves, protects, nurtures and supports her child. Motherhood is the
strong bond between a child and a mother.

She is the strength and courage of her child. We should stop attributing
motherhood to selflessness and sacrifice. She has enough strength, patience,
and love for the child that gives her the pleasure to play the role of mother. By
God‟s grace every woman has the ability to foster a life. Motherhood gives her
joy and it‟s a privilege for her to raise her child. Everything about her child
appeals to her. Mother has the Godly characteristics to nurture and love the
child that no one else can match. The value and importance of a mother in life
cannot be described in words. Their role is priceless.

There is a nursery rhyme we all are aware of „Gods love is so wonderful‟, I am

sorry but it should have been „Mothers Love is so wonderful‟. We have never
seen God, but from the moment we open our eyes we feel and experience the
strong bond with mother. Her love for the child is greater than anything else
in the world.

ESSAY ON QUALITIES OF A GOOD MOTHER – ESSAY 3 (400 WORDS)

Introduction

Mothers play an influential role in our life. Life may seem incomplete without
her love and strength. She guides and supports us at every step of life. She
teaches us the most valuable lessons of life. We share the most special bond
with her from the day we are born.

Qualities of a Good Mother

Express Love: The first thing a child wants from a mother is love,
unconditional love. A tight hug, kisses, caressing, pulling cheeks and a lot
more makes us feel so lovable and special. We just need lots of love and care
from her.

Support: We always need our parents to support us for whatever we wish to

do in life. No matter whether we join a hobby class or plan to go for a summer
camp – we always need motivation and support from them. Their support
gives us a new kind of energy and confidence to get going.

More Attention: We need attention from parents all the time. We just need our
mother when we are upset, happy, annoyed or irritated. A good mother always
gives her children the first priority and attention.

Have patience: It takes time for children to learn something new so it‟s always
good that our parents are calm and composed while dealing with us. A good
mother always listens and understands her child with patience and smile on
face.

Share experiences: We love to know about life experiences of parents. Parents

should share with us interesting experiences and adventures of their life. Talk
to us about anything but just talk to us is what we want. A good mother
shares her experiences with her children.

Guide Us: A good mother teaches moral values and leads us to the right path
in life. We always need our mother to help and guide us in everything we do.
She forgives us for the mistakes and blunders we make in life and guide us in
the right direction.

Be a Friend: A good mother spends more time with her child and participates
in fun activities with them. She plays games, shares stories, plans picnics,
indulges in hobbies and a lot more. We love and enjoy spending time with our
parents. Good mothers treat their kids like friends and make their children
feel comfortable.

Conclusion

Mothers are always very special and have the first place in our hearts. We
want them in every aspect of our life. We want them to encourage, support
and motivate us in whatever we do in life. We feel more protected and safe
with a mother‟s love and support in life. Mothers always mean the world to us.

ESSAY ON IMPORTANCE OF GOOD MOTHER – ESSAY 4 (500 WORDS)

Introduction

The role of a mother is the most beautiful privilege assigned to women.

Mothers play the most influential role in the life of a child. They shape the
character, qualities and personality of the child. The overall child‟s growth and
development is influenced by a mother. Mother‟s life revolves around the
child‟s life and every need of the child is met by a mother. Children are always
dependent on mother for their needs. She teaches us how to walk, speak,
read, learn, and write and so on. There is a never ending list of what a mother
does for the child.

Importance of a Good Mother

Unconditional Love: Mother shares the closest bond with us from the day we
are born. The connection and the bond that we feel with a mother have a deep
impact on our lives. Her love is unconditional and `even when there are
disagreements, she never stops loving and praying for us.

Timeless Teacher: Mothers are the first and foremost teachers in our life. They
are the most influential mentors in our life. They bestow to us enduring
wisdom, the legacy so valuable and priceless. They play the most vital role in
our overall growth and development. They always guide us to the right path in
life. They instruct, support and encourage us to achieve what we want in life.
Mother fosters our understanding and intelligence to the full potential.

She is the Giver: We are all dependent on mother for our needs whether it is
to tie our ponytails or to serve us food. She is always concerned about our
needs more than her own. She does so much for us but never complains a bit
or expects anything. She keeps smiling in spite of the pressure of
responsibilities of the whole family on her.

Family Bond: A mother always teaches us the importance of family. She is the
one who holds everyone in the family together. She teaches us to respect the
elders and care for the younger ones in the family.

Hard Work: Mother inspires us to work hard in life. We see her working for
the whole day without complaining. It is the endless love for the family that
gives her the pleasure and satisfaction at the end of the day.

Keep us Safe: Our safety is the first priority in her life. Mother sets the limits
for us to keep us safe. She protects us from any kind of harm and constantly
makes efforts for our well-being.

She is Always there: Mothers are always there for their children in every
situation of life. No matter how wrong or right we are our mothers will always
be there for us and guide us to the right path.

Conclusion

We should all love and respect our mothers for everything that she does and
sacrifices for us. We should try to never hurt her or let her down in life. We
should never forget how dependent we have always been on her. She is the
one who loves and nurtures us throughout life with all her heart.
LONG ESSAY ON GOOD MOTHER – ESSAY 5 (600 WORDS)

Introduction

Mothers play an influential role in the life of their child that has a lifelong
impact on the child‟s values, beliefs and behaviour in life. A mother loves and
cares for her children unconditionally. Since mother is the closest and most
important person in the life of a child, she should set a good and positive
example in front of her child.

A Good Mother has following Characteristics:

Love and Affection: A good mother loves her child the most in life. Mothers
love and affection could not be matched with any other love in the world. The
comfort we get in her arms or with her tender caressing cannot be matched by
any other comfort. Her affection is enough for the child to feel loved, protected
and safe.

Have Patience: Children are always demanding and fussy. It‟s likely for a
mother to get annoyed easily but a good mother keeps her cool and has
patience with them. She treats her children with love, care and affection. She
always keeps calm and has gentle attitude to mellow them down.

Support her Child: A child needs his mother‟s support for almost everything.
A good mother will always be there to offer all the help, love and support to
her child. Of course, parents support their children financially as much as
they can but there are other needs that should not be neglected. A good
mother will always be there to provide emotional support to the child like
caressing her child to sleep, a kiss on an injury or a hug while crying and
small love gestures that make her child feel good.

Help to Socialize: Some children have less developed social skills and ability.
They have difficulty communicating and mixing with other children. A good
mother always reaches out for help and seeks appropriate playmates for the
child. She can arrange a party at home for the children or structure fun
activities for them where children enjoy playing and feel comfortable.

Take Responsibility: Motherhood is a full time responsibility. A good mother

celebrates motherhood with pride. She happily takes the responsibility of a
child and never complaints about it. She cares and encourages the child all
the time. She is always approachable when her child needs her.

Never Neglects them: When a mother doesn‟t pay attention that the child
seeks and their emotional needs are not met they tend to show discontent
through their behavior and attitude. It is hard for children to accept the
feeling of being ignored. They start behaving in an aggressive manner. A good
mother always values them and appreciates them for their efforts, applauses
them for even their smallest achievements and lets them know how special
and important they are.

Understand the Child: A good mother spends more time with her child and
understands him/her well. She takes interest in her child‟s interest and
encourages him/her to try new things. She knows their strengths and
weaknesses and helps them overcome their weaknesses and develop their
skills.

Get Involved: A good mother thinks of new and innovative ideas to channelize
her child‟s energy and participates whole-heartedly in their activities. She
steps out for the outdoor games with children or takes them to the parks for
playtime. She plans and challenges them with activities that best suit their
potential.

Good Food: Children are most of the time fussy eaters. A good mother always
prepares new, healthy and tasty meals for her children and serves them with
love.

Conclusion

The privilege of being a mother is only bestowed to women. A good mother is

whole-heartedly active for the child all the time. There is no love in this world
so pure, devoted, selfless, strong and lasting than mother‟s love. Mother is
Godly figure for children. Children look up to their mothers for everything.

The role of mother is most important to shape the child‟s behaviour and code
of conduct. A good mother teaches her children to deal with various situations
in life. She sets a good example in front of her children by acting in the most
positive and responsible manner.

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 The Tragedy of Antony and Cleopatra
by William Shakespeare

SUMMARY
The complicated plot of Antony and Cleopatra has numerous twists and turns, and takes us
across an ocean and back several times. We begin in Egypt with Mark Antony, one of the three
leaders (or triumvirs) of the Roman Republic, reveling with his powerful lover Cleopatra, the
Queen of Egypt. This drunken merry-making is getting in the way of his being an effective ruler
in Rome, and the people at home are beginning to resent it. He gets news that his wife, Fulvia,
alongside his brother, has been making war against the other triumvirs, and also that Sextus
Pompeius, son of Pompey the Great (a former ruler of Rome), is threatening Rome as well.
Also, there are pirates. Argh!

Antony finds out that his wife is dead, which solves the war problem—but he really does need
to be getting back to Rome to address the Pompey situation. He leaves Egypt with Cleopatra’s
half-hearted blessing and begins to fix stuff back home in Rome. He and Octavius Caesar
(another triumvir) have a fight about the personal things between them, and decide to fix the
situation by marrying off Caesar’s sister, Octavia, to Antony. Even though Antony hasn’t
proven to be Mr. Marrying-Kind, the idea is that Octavia will form a bond between the two
men—because she loves them both, they’ll love each other. It’s not two minutes before
Antony meets with a soothsayer who tells him to get away from Caesar, because Caesar
mutes his power. Antony agrees that he should head back to Egypt, where his pleasure lies.

Then, the triumvirs meet with Pompey to see if they can negotiate instead of going to war.
Pompey is fighting to avenge his father’s death, but he gives in to the others and makes a
truce. They agree that he gets a little piece of southern Italy, as long as he gives wheat to the
Romans. They all celebrate drunkenly onboard Pompey’s ship that night. One of Pompey’s
servants, Menas, suggests that they kill the drunk triumvirs while they have them, but Pompey
is too honest to do this (though he wouldn’t have minded if someone else had done it without
involving him). Murder aside, they go back to drinking. So much partying goes down that
Lepidus (the third triumvir) gets carted out of drunken scene.

Later, the plan is for Antony is to head back to Athens with his new bride while Caesar stays in
Rome. Caesar charges Antony to take good care of his sister, and Antony promises to do so.
Also, Antony’s men have been fighting a war in Parthia (modern-day Iraq) with good success,
even without his leadership. Back in Egypt, Cleopatra has found out about Antony’s marriage,
whipped the messenger, threatened to stab him, and then sent him to see if Octavia’s assets
rival her own. Cleopatra is pleased to find out that Octavia looks plain, since it means she has a
good chance of winning Antony back.

Back in Athens, Antony reports to Octavia that Caesar has already violated the pact with
Pompey, is trash-talking Antony in public, and has dismissed Lepidus from office. Antony can’t
abide by this and needs to fight for his honor. Octavia is torn between her brother and her
husband, and asks to go back to Rome to see if she can make peace with her brother. Antony
sends her off, and then promptly heads back to Egypt to begin preparing war for and also to
hang out with his lover.
In Egypt, Cleopatra lends her ships to Antony while he gets ready to meet Caesar at sea.
Although it’s not his arena of choice, Antony’s going for the sea showdown because Caesar
has challenged him to a face-off on the ocean and he doesn’t want to be a chicken. Cleopatra
stubbornly refuses to sit at home while all the action is outside, but once in the battle, even as
things are looking up for Antony’s side, she runs away. Antony, essentially whipped, follows
her and totally forfeits the battle. He admits she’s conquered his heart, and laments that he’s
no longer a soldier. But then she gives him a kiss. He sends a schoolmaster, his children’s
tutor, to give conditions of surrender to Caesar. He asks to either be left alone in Egypt, or to
be allowed to be a private citizen in Athens.

Caesar won’t grant any of Antony’s wishes, but says Cleopatra can have anything she wants if
she’ll either exile Antony or have him murdered in Egypt. Hearing this, Antony is not a happy
camper, and resolves to murder Caesar in hand-to-hand combat (no more of this sea
business). While he goes off to write an "I’m going to murder you in hand-to-hand combat"
letter, another messenger from Caesar (named Thidias) slips in. This guy is supposed to use his
cunning linguistic skills to whet Cleopatra’s appetite for treachery against Antony. She’s just
about to give her allegiance to Caesar when Antony walks in, has Thidias whipped, and gives
Cleopatra a piece of his mind. She says she’s sorry, and he forgives her. Then they party hard,
preparing for a new battle the next day.

We learn that Enobarbus, Antony’s loyal friend, has defected to Caesar’s camp because he
thinks even Cleopatra has abandoned Antony (seeing her flirt with Thidias). He thinks Antony
has no chance of winning. Later that same night, soldiers on watch hear strange music playing,
and they conclude that this is the sound of Hercules (an ancestor of Antony’s) abandoning
Antony.

The next morning, everyone is in high spirits about battle. Antony hears that Enobarbus has
fled and instead of being angry he feels sorry for the guy, sending treasure chests after him.
He laments that his own bad fortune has driven Enobarbus to switch teams. In that day’s
battle, Antony soundly trounces Caesar’s troops, and there’s much celebrating. Antony is all
courage again, and they have a big march in Alexandria, which they’ve won back. Meanwhile,
Enobarbus stands under the moon and laments his broken heart. He regrets that he’s
betrayed Antony, and wishes the world to remember him as the worst traitor ever. Some
soldiers are watching him, unnoticed, and see him die of a broken heart.

It’s morning again, and perhaps with renewed courage from yesterday’s victory, Antony meets
Caesar at sea. This time, he watches his fleet greet Caesar’s men as friends. Oops. The battle is
lost and he’s furious. He blames Cleopatra, not the men, because he’s convinced that her
treachery is at the root of his loss—she must have betrayed him to Caesar. He goes to the
palace in a rage, resolving to kill her.
Seeing her lover’s rage, Cleopatra flees to her monument and locks herself up. She has her
servant send word to Antony that she’s killed herself, to see how he’ll respond. He responds
by deciding to kill himself too—thinking it was noble of Cleopatra to be the one who decided
when her life was over. He’d like to be his own conqueror. He asks his friend Eros to kill him,
and Eros chooses to kill himself instead rather than go through with it. Antony then takes it
upon himself to fall on his sword, and he’s done a bad job of it apparently, so he doesn’t die
immediately. Just then Diomedes enters, bringing the news that Cleopatra isn’t really dead.
Antony, hearing this, asks to be taken to her, so he can die near her. He’s not even that mad.

Antony, bleeding all over the place, tells Cleopatra she should yield herself to Caesar for her
safety and honor. He says she can’t trust anyone around Caesar except this one guy,
Proculeius. Cleopatra says she won’t trust anyone but her own resolution and her own hand,
which seems to mean she’s going to kill herself. As Antony’s dying, he asks to be remembered
as a noble Roman who was conquered by himself and no other, especially not Caesar. He dies,
and Cleopatra beings the preparations to kill herself, too.

Just then, Caesar’s guy Proculeius comes into the monument to negotiate with Cleopatra and
give her basically whatever she wants. She asks for her kingdom, Egypt, to be given to her son.
As Proculeius leaves, Cleopatra is overtaken by some of Caesar’s guards. She tries to kill
herself, but they’re fast and stop her. Dolabella, one of Caesar’s more kindhearted guys, takes
over, pitying Cleopatra as she tells him of Antony’s greatness. Dolabella confirms her fear that
Caesar means to make her a central attraction in his victory parade. Caesar shows up, and
there’s an episode where Cleopatra claims to have given him all her treasure. Unfortunately,
her treasurer says she lied, so fighting follows. Anyway, Caesar says she can keep her stuff,
and she shouldn’t worry, as she will direct how the Romans will treat her.

Once Caesar leaves, Dolabella tells Cleopatra that Caesar will send for her and her children in
three days to be put in the victory march. Cleopatra wails that she doesn’t want to be
breathed on and scowled at by filthy Romans. So, instead, she has a plan. She has her women
dress her in her finest robes and then receives a rather harmless looking visitor. It turns out
this harmless visitor brought her some figs in which he’s hidden some poisonous snakes (asp)
at her request. Cleopatra, all dolled up, says she’s going to meet her husband (that would be
Antony). She kisses Iras, her servant, who dies immediately. Then, she puts an asp to her
breast, and says some insulting things about Caesar. As Charmian cries out that there is a
snake on her breast, Cleopatra applies another asp to her arm and dies. Charmian is very sad
about this, so naturally she fixes her lady’s crown. Just then, Caesar’s guard enters, so
Charmian applies an asp to herself. She says Cleopatra’s work was befitting for a royal princess
descended of many kings, and then she dies.

Dolabella and then Caesar march in to find all the dead women, and wonder how they died.
Dolabella discovers the wounds on Cleopatra’s chest and arms, and another guard finds the
slimy trail of the poisonous snake in the figs. Caesar admits it was in Cleopatra’s royal nature
to do what she pleased, and decrees that she’ll be buried next to Antony. The funeral will be
attended by the solemn Romans, and then they’ll go back home to the former Roman
Republic, which is now the new Roman Empire.
============================

ANTONY
Character Analysis

What Happens in Egypt…

Antony is one of the three leaders of the Roman Empire and a proven soldier. We know him
from Shakespeare's Julius Caesar as a former party guy who made his soldierly fortunes at
Philippi, when he bested Brutus and Cassius, Julius Caesar’s murderers. He’s regarded as a
noble and formidable soldier in Rome. His presence in Egypt, however, tells us that he's
neglecting his own state and shows his less noble side—the one that revels in debauchery and
good times. The comparison of Antony-in-Rome with Antony-in-Egypt isn’t a set up of good
versus evil; it’s just two different examples of a way a man can live his life. Hey, you know
what they say: What happens in Egypt stays in Egypt.

Antony is noted for his bravery, which makes his love for Cleopatra all the more interesting.
The same way that he gave himself over to his soldierly duties, he submits himself to
Cleopatra, and revels in the sensuous pleasures of the Egyptian world. Antony is pretty
straight up about it all and admits that he is held captive by Cleopatra’s powerful spell.
Interestingly, he thinks of his situation personally, and not politically.

He's So Fancy

Antony escapes being a complete hedonist, though, because his nobility shines through in his
Egyptian life. He acts graciously and nobly in his political affairs, too (when he bothers to pay
them any attention): Antony greets Pompey with honesty and love; when Enobarbus turns to
the other side, Antony doesn’t blame him for treachery, but instead faults himself for turning
Enobarbus to that path; and when Antony thinks he’s doomed to fail in battle, he bids his men
to leave him, and thanks them gratefully for their service. If that's not a benevolent leader, we
don't know what is (though we certainly know what isn't).

Someone's a Little Moody

Still, there exists another, more volatile side to Antony, which his compatriots think explains
his attachment to Cleopatra. His extreme emotional swings can be seen when he resolves to
kill Cleopatra, and then loves her again. Yet, he is developed as a character because he’s in
touch with these feelings.
Shakespeare illustrates this best in Antony's final act. What hurts Antony deeply is the notion
that he isn’t living up to his own nobility, either in politics (as he’s lost to Caesar) or in love (as
he thinks Cleopatra has killed herself). As Antony dies, he wishes the world to remember him
as a man who was his own conqueror. By taking his own life, Antony makes a final resolute
act: his death is the final assurance that, no matter the circumstance, he was the master of his
own life. He represents the tension between East and West, between Egyptian delights and
Roman austerity, and between the personal desires of love and valiance. In this way, he’s a
complex character.

===================

ANTONY TIMELINE AND SUMMARY

1.1.14: Antony responds to Cleopatra’s desire to hear how much he loves her. He claims any
love that can adequately be described is inadequate love—so we know that although his
reputation has been as a fighter, his role in this play is as a lover. He’s likely to bring the same
energy to love as to war.

1.1.33: Antony ignores a messenger from Rome, proclaiming his place is with Cleopatra.
Together they have no peer in the world.

1.1.43: Antony says this is not the time for arguing; not a minute of their lives should be
without pleasure. He notes that Cleopatra is tempestuous with him, but proposes to go
carousing in the streets together to please her. (Cleopatra, as a fun game, used to dress up like
a peasant and wander the streets, sometimes begging, sometimes partying. Antony joins in
this affair.)

1.2.104: A messenger brings the bad news that wars are being waged in Antony’s name
against Caesar. The messenger hesitates to say these things are Antony’s fault, but Antony
encourages him to say what truth he wants to. The only way to address one’s faults is to hear
them from others, if you don’t see them yourself.

1.2.116: Antony resolves that he must leave Egypt, where he’s shackled, or lose himself to
being a lovesick and doting disaster.

1.2.122: Hearing the news of Fulvia’s death, Antony laments that he had wished for it so often,
and now wishes it undone. (He’s sort of a good guy after all!) He resolves again that he must
leave Egypt, as he can only imagine what mischief has been happening in Rome during his
absence.
1.2.145, 151: Antony speaks with Enobarbus, who says it will metaphorically kill Cleopatra if
Antony leaves her. Antony claims the woman is cunning beyond men’s wits, and he wishes
he’d never met her.

1.2.176: Antony admits it isn’t Fulvia’s death alone that calls him back to Rome. The younger
Pompey has challenged Caesar, and Romans, ever fickle, begin to favor him. Duty calls Antony
to set things right.

1.3.41: Antony declares to Cleopatra that he’s "got to go!" Finally, he explains the reason: duty
calls him abroad. But she should never fear, he explains, because his heart will be with her. He
briefly details the Pompey situation, and tells her, for further assurance, that Fulvia is dead.

1.3.66: Antony resolves to leave Cleopatra, even as she makes a fuss. In turns, she drives him
to anger, frustration, and begging until he finally decides to go, saying that though they’re
separate in space, they’re with each other still.

2.3.44: Antony confers with Caesar and Lepidus, and defends his honor against Caesar’s claims
that Antony was at the root of his brother's and wife’s treachery. Antony claims Caesar wants
to quarrel, and should find better stuff than this to quarrel about. They continue for a while,
and Antony has to keep apologizing to Caesar for small things. He couldn’t control his wife, he
was too drunk to talk to the messenger, and his negligence kept him from lending Caesar arms
when he asked for them. Antony keeps accommodating Caesar as the younger man keeps
whining, though it’s clear that Antony’s getting to the end of his patience.

2.2.123: Antony listens to Agrippa’s suggestion that he might marry Octavia to bond him and
Caesar. Antony agrees and the men shake on it, with Antony promising they’re brothers now.
They get back to planning what to do about Pompey, and Antony laments that they didn’t
meet about this sooner (which is clearly his fault). He reminds Caesar again of "the business
we have talk’d of," referencing the marriage to Octavia, which he’d like to get done before
they go to battle.

2.3.1: Antony confers with his new wife, Octavia, telling her the unfortunate news that his
work will often keep him away from Rome. Still, he pledges to her that no matter what she’s
heard about his playboy past, she should trust that he’ll be faithful.

2.3.16: Antony asks a soothsayer whether his or Caesar’s fortunes will rise higher. The man
promises that Caesar’s will, and urges Antony to get out from under Caesar’s shadow and back
to Egypt as soon as possible. Antony isn’t hearing it, and dismisses the man. Once alone, he
admits that Caesar always has better luck than he does, whether playing dice, cockfighting, or
waging war. Antony resolves that he’ll go back to Egypt, abandoning his political marriage to
Octavia for Cleopatra in Egypt.

2.3.23: Antony has frank negotiations with Pompey about their relative strengths. He doesn’t
beg or wheedle, he just tells Pompey to think about the offer. He graciously concedes he
should’ve been more grateful to Pompey for being so nice to his mom, and thanks Pompey for
bringing him away from the East. Antony admits he wouldn’t have left so early if it had been
up to him, but he feels he’s gained by the move. As they prepare to celebrate the truce,
Pompey gets in a few digs at Antony about Cleopatra’s previous affair with Julius Caesar.
Fortunately, Antony keeps his cool, and Enobarbus diffuses the whole situation.

2.7.17: Antony explains some of the particulars of Egyptian agricultural life, especially how the
Nile can be measured to predict whether there will be famine or plenty. As they drink, he has
a good-natured chat with Lepidus, who is sauced, about Egypt’s snakes and crocodiles, and
continues to tease the man for his drunkenness, while drinking himself.

2.7.97: He declares that their revels are getting closer to being like an Alexandrian feast, and
happily toasts to Caesar. He urges everyone to enjoy these good times and join hands, as the
wine helps them forget any old ills between them.

3.2.34: Caesar reminds Antony to cherish Octavia, and Antony replies he would be offended at
the suggestion that he’d do any less than cherish her. He again promises Caesar has nothing to
fear, and he watches Octavia tearfully part with her brother while he praises her graciousness
and sorrow.

3.4.1: Antony rails against Caesar to Octavia—not only has Caesar broken their pact by waging
war against Pompey, but he’s also trash-talked Antony publicly.

3.4.20: Antony makes a complex argument: he argues that waging war with Caesar preserves
his honor, which he must have in order to be himself, and best love Octavia. He’ll allow her to
go to her brother back in Rome, and have anything else she wants. In the meantime, he’ll be
preparing to destroy Caesar.

3.4.33: Octavia laments more about the war between her brother and husband; she's not sure
which man to support. Antony suggests she consider who started the fight in the first place
and disfavor that man (Caesar, in his opinion). Antony says that Caesar shouldn’t be able to
keep her love as much as the man who is merely defending himself honorably (Antony).

3.7.20: Antony marvels at how quickly Caesar moves, while Cleopatra taunts him for his own
negligence. He will fight Caesar by sea, though he’s weaker there, because Caesar has dared
him to do it.

3.11.1: Antony has fled the naval battle, following Cleopatra’s ship as it ran. He laments that
he’s set an example of cowardice for his own men, and instructs them to take one of his ships,
laden with gold, and leave his service. He says simply that he has lost command, and bids
everyone to leave him. Instead, he remembers the battle where Cassius and Brutus fell, and
how Caesar paled in comparison to him then.
3.11.48: Antony grieves that he has lost all honor. He asks Cleopatra how she could lead him
to such destruction, as she must have known he’d follow her out of battle. He claims his heart
was tied to her rudders, and she had full supremacy over his spirit.

3.11.62: Antony further laments that he must now humbly send his pleas to Caesar, though he
once ruled half of the world. He again calls to Cleopatra that she must have known she’d
conquered him, which made his sword weak. Hearing that she’s sorry, he relents, and says
he’ll forgive her for a kiss. He’s sent the children’s tutor to be his ambassador to Caesar, and
plans to have some wine. He celebrates by scorning Fortune, who’s been treating him so
poorly.

3.13.16: Antony has received word that Caesar denies his requests, and will grant Cleopatra’s
requests only if she betrays Antony. Antony claims Caesar’s youth is all that makes him so
lucky—Caesar’s victory has nothing to do with his honor. Antony resolves to fight Caesar
alone, man to man, and goes off to write a letter to this effect.

3.13.95: Antony returns to find Cleopatra making eyes with Thidias, Caesar’s messenger.
Antony flies into an absolute rage, and orders Thidias whipped until he begs for mercy. He
turns his fury to Cleopatra. He renounces her for distracting him from being with the honest
Octavia and having legitimate heirs to Rome, and further claims he has been a fool without
clear judgment because of her. He calls her the leftover scraps of other men, and accuses her
of knowing no moderation. Then he bemoans his status as a cuckold, or, as we say in modern
parlance, whipped.

3.13.134: Antony moves on to berating Thidias again. He tells Thidias to bring a message back
to Caesar about how he (Thidias) was treated. Caesar is making Antony angry, especially now
that his fortunes have seemed to change. If Caesar doesn’t like how Thidias was treated, or
anything that Antony says, Antony invites him to whip Hipparchus, one of Antony’s men that
Caesar has captured.

3.13.156: Antony seems to have calmed a little once Thidias has left, and he asks Cleopatra if
she’d make eyes with the man that laces up Caesar’s clothes, if it flattered Caesar. She makes
a brief apology, and he forgives her merely by saying "I am satisfied." He mentions he’s getting
his navy back together, his army is still intact, and he will again fight Caesar in Alexandria.

3.13.177: Antony’s courage has come back to him again—with a vengeance. He promises to
fight maliciously and wildly, and he pledges to send anything that opposes him into darkness.
In honor of this resolution, the two lovers plan on having another party night, so crazy that
men will bleed wine from their wounds. Antony promises the next time he fights, he’ll put so
many men in their graves that it will be a competition with Death himself. He’s out for blood.

4.2.1: At Cleopatra’s palace, Antony’s just gotten word that Caesar won’t fight him man-to-
man. He vows to fight tomorrow at sea with everything he’s got. He then directs everyone to
have a wonderful meal, and begins to talk to them in such a way that it seems he’s wishing
them farewell. He thanks them for their honest loyalty, and hints that this might be their last
night of service to him.

4.2.36: On hearing that he’s making all his men nervous, Antony promises he meant to
comfort them with his speech, and also to get them to drink up. He declares that tomorrow he
hopes and expects to lead them to victorious life, rather than a violent death.

4.4.1: Antony wakes and readies for battle in great spirits. He has Eros help him with his
armor, and as Cleopatra tries to help, he stops her, saying she need only be the armor around
his heart. He only wishes Cleopatra could see him in action. He kisses Cleopatra goodbye, and
leads the men off to battle.

4.5.12: Antony briefly laments to his soldier that he didn’t listen the first time and fight on
land. He then finds out that Enobarbus has deserted him. He’s a bit shocked at first, but
charges Eros to send the treasure that Enobarbus left behind after him, and to add a note with
hellos and goodbyes, as well as a wish that Enobarbus never again find the need to change a
master. Antony privately laments that his own fortunes have corrupted even the honest men
around him, leading them to betrayal.

4.8.1: Antony celebrates with his men after they’ve won the day’s battle. He’s promised to
reward them for their high spirits, and even more for their valor. Ready to celebrate their
victory, he promises that tomorrow they’ll kill anyone that escaped today. He praises each
man for fighting for the cause as if it were his own, and bids them celebrate by taking back the
streets. Seeing Cleopatra, he offers her to leap on his neck and ride his panting heart. He also
presents Scarus, a wounded and brave soldier, to Cleopatra.

4.8.18: Antony says that though he’s getting a little old, his brain nourishes his nerves and he
can still play at this game of war with the youth. Antony again praises Scarus’s bravery.

4.8.30: Finally, he resolves that they should all have a raucous march through Alexandria and
drink and celebrate together.

4.12.9: Antony curses Cleopatra for betraying him—he has watched his fleet yield to the
enemy and greet Caesar’s army as friends. He doesn’t hate them, only Cleopatra, and resolves
to dispatch with the woman who bewitched him (and, it seems, betrayed him). Alone, he
mourns that Fortune has left him forever. Even worse is that he is still under the spell of
Cleopatra’s charm. When she arrives unexpectedly, he curses her and hopes that Caesar will
display her in his victory parade for all the hordes to see. As she leaves, he vows to kill her for
what he believes is her betrayal of him to Caesar, the "young Roman boy."

4.14.1: Antony pontificates about the shifting of the sky, and how the night looks as it falls. He
claims to Eros that he is as insubstantial as a shifting cloud; he made the wars for Egypt’s
queen, thinking he had her heart, because he had given her his. He grieves that he lost so
many lives of others by giving his heart to her, as she betrayed him and stacked the deck in
Caesar’s favor. He hints at suicide, and cries out again that Cleopatra has robbed him of his
sword.

4.14.35: Mardian enters and tells Antony that Cleopatra is dead. He replies calmly, telling Eros
that the day’s task is done, so they can go to bed. He sends Mardian on his way, and alone
with Eros, grieves openly. He then dismisses Eros to no longer be a soldier, though he might
also refer to himself having lost his will to be a solider due to his broken heart. Alone, he
pledges to take his own life. With Cleopatra gone, so has his will to live. Antony speaks
beautifully to the presumably dead Cleopatra; if she’ll only wait a little longer, he’ll be with her
in death.

4.14.55: Antony announces to Eros that Cleopatra has shown him the way. Though his sword
once conquered kingdoms, he should have the courage of this woman, to be his own
conqueror as she was hers. He bids Eros to kill him, as the soldier once promised him he’d do
Antony’s every bidding. Unless Eros would rather see Antony shamed before Caesar and
carried along in that man’s triumphant march, he should end Antony’s life.

4.14.95: Antony grieves because Eros, instead of killing Antony, has turned the sword upon
himself. Antony resolves to be a bridegroom to death. He falls on his own sword only to find
he hasn’t immediately killed himself. Diomedes enters, and Antony asks him to finish the job.
Antony then hears that Cleopatra hasn’t actually killed herself. He asks his men not to weep,
but to take him to Cleopatra, so he can die with her.

4.15.14: Antony pleads with a panicking Cleopatra to be easy—he announces it was not
Caesar, but Antony who has triumphed over Antony. He asks Cleopatra for a last kiss, and she
interrupts him constantly in her panic. He asks that she go to Caesar to seek her honor and her
safety—trusting only Proculeius, who is one of Caesar’s more honorable men.

4.15.41: As he dies, he asks his friends not to grieve over his death, but to remember his past
fortunes, and think of him as he was when he was a prince in the world. He wishes to be
thought of as a Roman, and by a Roman valiantly vanquished, dead by his own hand, and no
other.

=============================================

CLEOPATRA

Character Analysis

Cleopatra is the Queen of Egypt, lover to Antony, and former lover of both Julius Caesar and
Pompey the Elder—it's safe to say homegirl has a "type." She’s one of Shakespeare’s richest
female characters (in terms of both wealth and character development), and can be used as a
case study of both a woman in power and a woman in love.

Cleopatra In Love

In love, Cleopatra is fierce, amorous (to say the least), and quick to get angry or be loving.
Fickle in her affections, Cleopatra is passionate about all of her lovers, especially Antony. With
her last act we can see her devotion to Antony, choosing to join him in death rather than live
without him. We guess he really wasn't irreplaceable. We wonder what Beyoncé would have
to say about that.

Cleopatra the Pharaoh

Cleopatra is equally interesting as a woman in power. She rules Egypt, and except for the
times she betrays Antony (i.e., when she flirts with Thidias), she’s willing to say he conquered
her rather than wooed her. It seems a gamble to maintain her power by pretending her power
(not her heart) was momentarily weakened. She seems willing to blame her femininity for her
downfalls. So much for girl power.

Still, it can also be interpreted that she’s a woman of power when she decides on suicide. She
does it out of pride—she’d rather die on the Nile than become a token of Caesar’s power.
Even as she dies she wishes her death to be interpreted as a victory against Caesar in a contest
of power. Quite the way to stick it to the man, don't you think?

The Feminine Mystique

She is also particularly notable for her strong sexuality and sexual relationships with the
world’s most powerful men. She is one of Shakespeare’s few female characters for whom sex
is not a submission, but a testament to her own glory. As such, Cleopatra is symbolic of her
country. As an earthy and sensual woman, Cleopatra represents Egyptian culture (or, at least
how Shakespeare saw Egypt). Her death signals not only the death of her body, but also the
end of a lifestyle in Egypt—one in which life is lived passionately and is connected to the
natural world.

=====================

CLEOPATRA TIMELINE AND SUMMARY

1.1.13: Cleopatra starts the play by asking Antony to tell her how much he loves her.

1.1.19: Cleopatra tells Antony to hear the messenger from Rome, teasing that it’s likely a note
from his dominating wife, Fulvia, or his dominating partner, Caesar. She plays on his lack of
political power, but also his powerlessness under her love.
1.1.40: Cleopatra asks why Antony married Fulvia, if he didn’t love her, and reveals one of the
central problems with Antony’s love for her: if he can’t be faithful to his wife (any wife, for
that matter) then why should she believe he’ll love her faithfully?

1.2.81: Cleopatra announces that Antony has had "a Roman thought" and forgot about having
fun with her. She shows how fickle she is: at first, she’s looking for him, and then, upon
realizing that he’s come, she leaves. She has a fickle temperament and likes to play hard-to-
get. Her tactic is clearly working on Antony.

1.3.9: Cleopatra scolds Charmian for suggesting she should actually treat the man she loves
well. Cleopatra insists that treating a man well is the best way to lose him, as witnessed by
poor Fulvia and women all over the world.

1.3.20: Cleopatra flips out at Antony when he suggests he should probably go home to his
actual wife and the country he left that’s falling apart. She cries that he’s betraying her. She
wails some more, but finally reacts seriously when she hears that Fulvia has died. On seeing
that Antony is totally unfazed by the whole dead-wife situation, she’s in tears again, accusing
Antony of being without feeling. She suggests that he should shed tears for Fulvia and pretend
they’re for Cleopatra, because apparently he’s that much of a scoundrel.

1.3.87: Cleopatra goes on and on until she runs out of words.

1.3.93: After all her wailing, she puts on a "well, do whatever you want" attitude and tells him
to go in spite of her deep sadness. She wishes him luck.

1.5.10: Cleopatra idly questions her eunuch about whether he is attracted to women.

1.5.19: Then Cleopatra swoons for a while. She wonders what Antony is doing, praises the
horse he rides, and laments that once she rode great men like Caesar and Pompey to power.

1.5.53: Upon receiving a pearl from Antony, Cleopatra asks for news of how he looked. She
praises him for his moderation, being neither sad nor merry.

1.5.63: Cleopatra decides to write to Antony. She asks Charmian whether she ever loved
Caesar as much as she loves Antony. Charmian responds “actually… yeah." Furious, Cleopatra
replies by promising to punch her in her mouth. Then Cleopatra argues she was young in those
days, and stupid, but that this love is the real deal.

2.5.18: Cleopatra is messing around at the palace, playing pool and reminiscing about fishing.
She thinks of Antony as a fish to catch. She tells a story about how she once dressed Antony
up in her clothes. She wore his sword.

2.5.26: She’s interrupted by a messenger with news from Antony. She looks at his face and can
see something’s wrong. She says if the messenger brings word of Antony’s death, she’ll die,
but if Antony is well and free, she’ll shower the messenger with gold. She continues to
interrupt the messenger, and is satisfied hearing Antony is well, but says she doesn’t like that
she can tell that more is coming.

2.5.62: Upon hearing that Antony has married Octavia, she threatens to cut out the
messenger’s eyes, beats him soundly, and generally act like a tyrant. He doesn’t get the hint to
leave until she pulls out a knife, at which point he takes off.

2.5.82: Cleopatra admits that she shouldn’t have treated the messenger badly and calls him
back. Then, upon his return, she promptly cusses him out again. Finally, she asks Charmian to
tell the messenger to bring her word of whether Octavia is more attractive than she is. She
admits Antony is awful and wonderful all at once, and goes to bed in a fit.

3.3.34: Cleopatra spends the first 34 lines of the scene grilling the messenger about every
possible feature of Octavia—her hair, the way she walks, her forehead, her age, and more—
until she’s finally satisfied that Octavia isn't as attractive as she is. She then declares that
Antony has obviously seen some majesty (in Cleopatra) and he should know better than to go
running around with girls that are not good-looking. Anyway, Cleopatra seems sure Antony
will be back, so she’ll write to him.

3.7.1: Cleopatra and Enobarbus argue back and forth about why Cleopatra shouldn’t be part of
the war with Antony. When she hears that the word on the street in Rome is that her maids
and a eunuch are running this war, she says all of Rome can go to hell (in so many words). As
she has some part to play in the war, she’ll be like the men and show up for the battle. End of
discussion.

3.7.49: Cleopatra promises 60 ships to Antony.

3.11.28: Cleopatra flails around after entering the room in a tizzy. She’s just run away from the
naval battle, and Antony has followed her. She knows she’s lost the battle for them and will
probably be busted by Antony. Antony confronts her, asking if she knew that she was the
master of his heart, and that he’d follow her. She contends she didn’t know he would follow,
and asks him to forgive her for her "fearful sails." She begs pardon again and generally seems
to be a wreck.

3.13.1: She asks Enobarbus what she should do, and whether this was her fault. She doesn’t
like his answer that Antony’s cowardice is to blame.

3.13.60: A messenger from Caesar enters and suggests that she doesn’t love Antony, but fears
him. The messenger claims this is why Caesar won’t blame her for her role in trying to kill him.

3.13.60: Cleopatra says Caesar is "a god, and knows what is most right." Then she contends
she didn’t yield her honor, but that she was conquered by Antony. Worse, once she gets
going, she tells the messenger to tell Caesar that she’ll kiss his conquering hand, and kneel at
his feet so she can hear his judgment of her. As the messenger goes to kiss her hand, she
muses that this is the same hand that Octavius Caesar’s adopted father, Julius Caesar, kissed
so often, seeming to reminisce and delight in her own power.

3.13.152: Antony flies into a rage upon seeing Cleopatra flirt with the messenger. She pipes up
occasionally, but the kicker is when she asks if he’s done yet. She has some audacity, and plays
him until he asks her whether she’s cold-hearted toward him. Seeing her coolness has piqued
his interest, she launches into a cry that if she has cooled toward him, then her heart can
make a hail storm in her chest and choke her, and her children die, and her womb and all of
Egypt get eaten by flies. So, no, she hasn’t cooled toward him.

3.13.177: Hearing that, Antony forgives her and goes back to warmongering. She praises him
for his good spirits. Also, it’s her birthday! First, Cleopatra thought it would be a sad birthday,
but instead it’s happy, because Antony said they’ll all drink so much that the wine will bleed
through the scars of the wounded.

4.2.12: Cleopatra asks Enobarbus in an aside what Caesar could possibly mean by seeming so
sad with his men as they prepare for battle.

4.4.2: Antony goes off to fight the battle, and Cleopatra suggests he comes back to bed
instead. Then she insists that she help him get dressed in his armor, even though she doesn’t
know where anything goes. After he bids her farewell, she praises his bravery and
showmanship. She wishes this could be his deciding fight with Caesar, though she knows it
won’t be.

4.8.17: Cleopatra praises Antony as a lord of lords, and is grateful that he’s returned to her
safely. She promises to give Scarus some armor of gold that once belonged to a king, in return
for his good service.

4.12.31: Cleopatra enters (after Antony loses the second battle because his men defect) and
asks him why he’s so "enraged against his love," meaning, of course, against her. When he
tells her he wishes for Caesar to march her through the streets and Octavia to pluck out her
eyes, she takes the hint and runs away.

4.13.7: Cleopatra runs back to her palace and cries to her women to help her, as Antony is
enraged. She takes Charmian’s advice to pretend she’s dead. She instructs Mardian to tell
Antony that she’s killed herself, and that Antony's name was her final word. She instructs that
the final word should sound especially pitiful, for dramatic effect. Also, she wants a full report
on how he takes her death.

4.15.1: Cleopatra vows she’ll never leave the monument, and that she’ll never have comforts
again.

4.15.16: Cleopatra cries out on finding Antony mortally wounded. She agrees with him that he
should’ve died by no hand but his own, though she’s sad that he’s dying.
4.15.22: Antony asks Cleopatra to come to him, but she’s too scared to come down out of the
monument, lest Caesar should catch her. She hints that she’ll kill herself, too, and that Octavia
("your wife" she calls her, for special emphasis) will have no pleasure by looking down on her,
Cleopatra, a conquered queen. She asks her women to help draw Antony to her (where she
sits comfortably) instead of going to him (where he lays dying).

4.15.33: Cleopatra notes how heavy Antony has become, where he was strong before. She
wishes that her kisses could give life, as she’d then kiss him until she was worn out. She tries
this anyway.

4.15.42: Antony, who is dying, is trying to get a word in edgewise, and she keeps cutting him
off. She promises to rail against Fortune.

4.15.47: Antony finally tells her to go to Caesar to seek her safety and honor. She tells him she
can’t have both honor and safety from Caesar. She then claims, against Antony’s wishes, that
she’ll never trust anyone involved with Caesar. She can only trust her resolution and her hands
(yet another suicide reference).

4.15.59: As Antony dies, Cleopatra asks whether he doesn’t care for her, because he’s leaving
her in the world without him. She laments the state of the world, as it’s now pathetic and
miserable since Antony is gone.

4.15.72: She says now that Antony’s dead, she’s commanded by passion, which makes her
more like a milkmaid or servant girl than a powerful queen. She would curse the gods for
taking the jewel of the world, but Cleopatra resolves herself to death instead. It is no sin, she
claims, to rush to death instead of waiting for it to come to her. She tells her girls to be brave,
and bids that Antony be buried in the Roman style, calling it "noble." She ends by saying their
only friend is their resolution "and briefest end." It seems she now has the coolness of a man
of action, though her action is inspired by her passion.

5.2.1: Cleopatra curses Caesar. She claims he’s a fool of Fortune, and that suicide will be great
because it will release her from the shackles of all the earthly things that keep everyone else
alive.

5.2.17: Cleopatra receives Caesar’s messenger, Proculeius. She tells him she’d like her
kingdom back, as it’s actually hers. This act will make her kneel to him with thanks.

5.2.28: Hearing he’ll be merciful, she says she commends him for his greatness, and is hourly
learning "a doctrine of obedience," presumably one that cools her temper.

5.2.38: Cleopatra, realizing Caesar’s guards are hanging about, tries to take her own life with a
dagger. Proculeius stops her before she accomplishes anything. She begs death to come to
her, but to no avail. Finally she promises that she’d kill herself by starving, or not drinking, or
whatever she needs to do to rob Caesar the pleasure of parading her through the streets as an
emblem of Roman victory. She’d rather die a miserable death in Egypt than live as a puppet of
Rome.

5.2.76: Cleopatra talks with Dolabella, who now guards her. She tells him of dreams she has of
Antony (and speaks in the same ethereal terms that Antony did before he resolved to kill
himself). She describes Antony as Atlas, a wonderful god that holds up the world. She chides
Dolabella for not believing in her dream, and charges that nature lacks the stuff to compete
with the wonder of the imagination. She then holds Antony up as nature’s entry into a
competition with fancy, as his wonders outdo even imagination.

5.2.109: Cleopatra asks Dolabella what Caesar means to do with her. She asks him outright if
she’ll be put in Caesar’s victory parade, which Dolabella confirms.

5.2.120: Caesar enters, and Cleopatra kneels to greet him. She admits to him that she isn’t
blameless, but that she is guilty of the "frailties" that have been known to plague women. She
gives herself over to him as a sign of his conquest.

5.2.137: She then has a long exchange with Caesar and her treasurer. She hands Caesar a
scroll that’s supposed to contain a list of all her earthly goods, so he can add them to his
conquest. She asks her treasurer to confirm that all of her possessions are on the list. The
treasurer refuses to do her biding and Cleopatra flies into a rage. She promises she’s only kept
back those little things that ladies like. Again she rails against her treasurer, Seleucus.

5.2.175: Cleopatra claims that the greatest are blamed for the actions of others.

5.2.190: Cleopatra points out Caesar is trying to get the best of her with words, but her
resolve is strong, and she bids the women to go forth with the plan they’ve already made. She
thanks Dolabella for letting her know Caesar’s real plan.

5.2.207: Cleopatra cries out to her women and condemns the parade Caesar will have. She
describes, in detail, the masses that will surround them and their awful smells and sounds.

5.2.226: Cleopatra bids her women to get her best clothes and crown, readying them to do
what needs to be done.

5.2.235: Cleopatra greets the rural man that brings her a basket of figs. She notes it’s a poor
instrument that does a noble deed, bringing her liberty. She claims that she has no woman in
her now, as she is certain of what she must do. The moon (ever-changing, and thus similar to
Cleopatra’s temperament) is no longer her guide.

5.2.249: Cleopatra asks the fig-bearing peasant if he remembers anyone that’s died by the
snake. Yes, lots, is the reply. She bids the man farewell.
5.2.280: Cleopatra prepares some more for her death. She says she hears Antony call, as
though he praises her for what she’s about to do. She calls out that she goes to her husband,
and what she does now she hopes will prove that she has courage befitting a Queen of Egypt.
She has Iras kiss her lips, and Iras dies, whereupon she notes death comes as easily as a lover’s
pinch.

5.2.300: She worries that if Iras gets to Antony first in death, then Iras will get the kiss
Cleopatra is willing to die for. She applies an asp to her breast in a jealous hurry, and demands
that it untie her knot of life. Finally, she wishes the snake could speak, so it could declare that,
with this suicide, Cleopatra beat Caesar at his own game.

5.2.308: As Charmian cries out, Cleopatra says she should calm down; the asp is like a baby at
her breast. Finally, she dies, applying another asp to her arm. She half finishes a sentence,
asking "What should I stay—" and dies before she can complete the thought.

============================

POMPEY

Character Analysis

Pompey the Younger is (no surprise) the son of Pompey the Elder. He is most notable in the
play as a character who is prone to war, but guided by his reason and honor instead of his
passion. Pompey the Younger is drawn into battle against the Romans because his father was
one of Julius Caesar’s partners in the first triumvirate that ruled Rome. Julius Caesar’s whole
"crossing the Rubicon" bit was an act of war and usurpation against Pompey, and the decisive
act that meant Julius Caesar intended to rule Rome alone. As a result of Julius Caesar’s action,
Pompey the Elder fled to Egypt, where he was murdered. This is where his son, Pompey the
Younger, steps in. He seeks to avenge his father’s death against the new triumvirate: Octavius
Caesar, Antony, and Lepidus. Pompey ends up being a sort of sacrifice in the play. He's an
honorable man who plays by the rules and is ultimately vulnerable to the treacherous and
passionate men that surround him.

Pompey is well-loved by the people, and he sees Antony’s absence as a good sign that he has a
chance against the other young triumvirs. Still, even once Antony returns to the fight, Pompey
faces his fate nobly. One of Pompey’s single most telling acts is his willingness to negotiate
with the Roman triumvirs before he goes to war with them. In the negotiation, he would
rather compromise than have blood shed, not because he is a coward, but because he is a
reasonable man.

Once Pompey settles the terms of compromise with the triumvirs, he graciously invites the
other men back to his barge to celebrate their new truce. Unlike Caesar and Antony, when
Pompey makes a truce, he means it. He has a real warrior’s honor, in contrast to the triumvirs,
who would probably shoot him in the back in a dark alley. On Pompey’s barge, his man Menas
offers to kill the drunken triumvirs, but Pompey’s honor again gets the better of him. He says
he wishes Menas had simply not told him of the plan and just carried it out instead. Now that
he’s heard about it, his conscience has gotten in the way. Unfortunately, Pompey ends up
dead as a result of Caesar's treachery.

================

LEPIDUS

Character Analysis

Lepidus is a member of the second Roman triumvirate, along with Octavius Caesar and
Antony. He is arguably the weakest of the trio, mostly because he has a conciliatory nature
and always tries to make everyone friends. In actuality, he is blind to everyone’s passion and
treachery. Lepidus has an earnest innocence, and does not play much of a role in the affairs of
the other triumvirs, who have bigger stakes in winning battles than avoiding them.

Lepidus is most notable for his absences—he has a mere two lines in the negotiations with
Pompey, and on Pompey's barge he inquires with childlike wonder about the animals of Egypt,
rather than getting caught up in the political discourse of the other men. Lepidus disappears
during the more serious conversations and actually gets so drunk that he has to be carried off
to bed. Lepidus is something of a laughingstock—even his inferiors Enobarbus and Agrippa
make a mockery of him. The men criticize Lepidus’s fawning over Antony and Caesar and
agree that he’s like the beetle caught between two wings. This jibe fittingly describes
Lepidus’s fate. Though we do not see him again, we know he is torn between the two men he
thinks are his friends and ends up losing his position, and freedom, because of his naïveté.

Lepidus, like Pompey, seems to be a generally good guy who suffers at the hands of the
passionate and treacherous men who surround him. However, unlike Pompey (who is
restrained by his honor), Lepidus suffers from being naïve and innocent—a little lamb in a
pack of political wolves. He earnestly believes the others have the common good in mind,
whereas they’re really thinking of their own personal good. Thus, Lepidus’s own personal
goodness becomes lethal when combined with his inability to see the true natures of those
around him.

===================================================================

www.shmoop.com/antony-cleopatra
 Test Your Vocabulary
Q1. Choose the Synonym of ‘ANOMALY’

(a) Standard

(b) Regularity

(c) aberration

(d) long

Q2. Choose the Antonym of ‘ACUMEN’

(a) Ineptness

(b) wisdom

(c) ingenuity

(d) ability

Q3. Choose the Synonym of ‘MOROSE’

(a) Sullen

(b) Joyful

(c) Pleasant

(d) Great

Q4. Choose the Antonym of ‘KINDLE’

(a) arouse

(b) provoke

(c) feelings

(d) dampen

Q5. Choose the Synonym of ‘LEVITY’

(a) Heartedness

(b) Gloom

(c) Gravity
(d) Funniness

Q6. Choose the Antonym of ‘COERCE’

(a) Compel

(b) Free

(c) intimidate

(d) repress

Q7. Choose the Synonym of ‘CLEMENCY’

(a) Leniency

(b) Cruelty

(c) Cruelty

(d) Enemy

Q8. Choose the Antonym of ‘BEHOOVE ’

(a) suit

(b) befit

(c) inessential

(d) necessary

Q9. Choose the Synonym of ‘SUPPLANT’

(a) Precede

(b) supply

(c) remain

(d) certain

Q10. Choose the Antonym of ‘SCURRILOUS’

(a) Decent

(b) defamatory

(c) indecent

(d) mouthed
ANSWERS-

Q1- (c)

Q2- (a)

Q3– (a)

Q4- (d)

Q5- (d)

Q6- (b)

Q7- (b)

Q8- (c)

Q9– (b)

Q10- (a)
===================================================================

General Studies
Q1. How many Fundamental Duties are mentioned in Indian constitution?

(A) Five

(B) Seven

(C) Nine

(D) Eleven

Q1. बायतीम सॊविधान भें कितने भूरबूत िततव्मों िा उल्रेख किमा गमा है ?

(A) ऩ ॉच
(B) स त

(C) नौ

(D) ग्म यह

Q2. Part IV of the constitution of India deals with which of the following?

(A) The Union

(B) The States

(C) Fundamental Rights

(D) Directive Principles of State Policy

Q2. बायतीम सॊविधान िा बाग IV ननम्नलरखखत भें से किससे सॊफॊधधत है ?

(A) सॊघ

(B) य ज्म

(C) भौलरक अधधक य

(D) य ज्म के नीतत तनदे शक तत्व

Q3. What is the full form of IDA?

(A) Indian Development Association

(B) International Development Association

(C) Indonesian Development Association

(D) Italian Development Association

Q3.आई. डी. ए. िा असॊक्षऺप्त रूऩ क्मा है ?

(A) इॊडिमन िेवरऩभें ट एसोलसएशन

(B) इॊटयनेशनर िेवरऩभेंट एसोलसएशन

(C) इॊिोनेलशमन िेवरऩभेंट एसोलसएशन

(D) इट लरमन िेवरऩभेंट एसोलसएशन

Q4.- What is the record of all economic transactions of a country in a particular period called?

(A) Balance of Payment

(B) Fiscal Deficit

(C) Current Account Deficit

(D) Balance of trade

Q4.किसी दे श िी एि ननश्चित अिधध भें होने िारी सबी आधथति रेन-दे न िे अलबरेख िो क्मा िहते हैं ?

(A) बग
ु त न सॊतर
ु न

(B) य जकोषीम घ ट

(C) च रू ख त घ ट

(D) व्म ऩ य क सॊतुरन

Q5.- Which schedule of the Indian constitution deals with ‘Forms of Oath or Affirmations’?

(A) First Schedule

(B) Third Schedule

(C) Fifth Schedule

(D) Twelfth Schedule

Q5. बायतीम सॊविधान िे किस अनुसूिी भें ‘शऩथ मा प्रनतऻान िे प्रारुऩ ’ िे फाये भें फतामा है ?

(A) ऩहरी अनुसूची

(B) तीसयी अनुसूची

(C) ऩ ॉचवीॊ अनुसूची

(D) फ यहवीॊ अनस

ु च
ू ी

Q6. Which Article of the Indian Constitution gives the arrested person the right to be
presented before a magistrate within 24 hours?

(A) Article 24

(B) Article 21

(C) Article 22

(D) Article 14

Q6.बायतीम सॊविधान िे किस अनुच्छे द भें धगयफ़्तायी िे 24 घॊटो िे अॊतयार भश्िस्ट्रे ट िे साभने ऩेश होने िा
अधधिाय है ?

(A) अनुच्छे द 24

(B) अनुच्छे द 21

(C) अनुच्छे द 22

(D) अनुच्छे द 14
Q7. Where was the capital transferred to, from Delhi by Muhammad Tughlaq?

(A) Agra

(B) Lucknow

(C) Ferozabad

(D) Daulatabad

Q7. भुहम्भद तुग़रि द्िाया ददल्री से अऩनी यािधानी िहाॉ फदरी थी ?

(A) आगय

(B) रखनऊ

(C) फपयोज फ द

(D) दौरत फ द

Q8. In which Indian city did the East India Company first landed?

(A) Calcutta

(B) Bombay

(C) Madras

(D) Surat

Q8. ईस्ट्ट इॊडडमा िॊऩनी किस बायतीम शहय भें ऩहरी फाय आमी ?

(A) करकत्त

(B) फॊफई
(C) भद्र स

(D) सयू त

Q9. What is the value of Prime Meridian?

(A) 0° Latitude

(B) 0° Longitude

(C) 180° Longitude

(D) 180° Latitude

Q9. प्रभुख माम्मोत्तय िा भान क्मा है ?

(A) 0° अऺ ॊश

(B) 0° दे श न्तय

(C) 180° दे श न्तय

(D) 180° अऺ ॊश

Q10. What is the Pluto called after August 2006?

(A) Planet

(B) Dwarf Planet

(C) Moon

(D) Blue Planet

Q10. अगस्ट्त 2006 िे फाद प्रूटो ग्रह िो क्मा िहा िाता है ?

(A) ग्रह

(B) फौन ग्रह

(C) चॉ द्रभ

(D) नीर ग्रह

ANSWERS

Q1.(D) Originally ten in number, the Fundamental Duties were increased to eleven by the 86th
Amendment in 2002, which added a duty on every parent or guardian to ensure that their child or
ward was provided opportunities for education between the ages of six and fourteen years.

भर
ू रूऩ से दस सॊख्म भें , भर
ू बत
ू कततव्मों को 2002 भें 86 वें सॊशोधन से ग्म यह तक फढ ददम गम थ ,
जजसभें प्रत्मेक भ त -पऩत म अलबब वक के लरए कततव्म जोड गम थ त फक मह सतु नजचचत हो सके फक उनके
फच्चे को छह औय चौदह वषत की आमु के फीच लशऺ के अवसय प्रद न फकए गए।

Q2.(D) Fundamental rights come under part-3. Part 4 of the constitution of India deals with
Directive Principles of State Policy. The Union comes under part -5 .and. And The States comes
under part-6 of the constitution.

भौलरक अधधक य ब ग - 3 के तहत आते हैं ब यत के सॊपवध न के ब ग- 4 य ज्म नीतत के तनदे शक लसद् ॊतों से
सॊफॊधधत हैं। सॊघ ब ग - 5 के तहत आत है ,औय औय य ज्म सॊपवध न के ब ग - 6 के तहत आत है ।

Q3.(B) The full form of IDA is International Development Association.

आई. िी. ए. क असॊक्षऺप्त रूऩ इॊटयनेशनर िेवरऩभें ट एसोलसएशन है ।

Q4.(A) Balance of Payment is the record of all economic transactions of a country in a particular
period.

फकसी दे श की एक तनजचचत अवधध भें होने व री सबी आधथतक रेन-दे न के अलबरेख को बग

ु त न सॊतर
ु न कहते
हैं।

Q5.(B) The third schedule of the Indian constitution deals with ‘Forms of Oath or Affirmations’.

ब यतीम सॊपवध न की तीसयी अनुसूची भें ‘शऩथ म प्रततऻ न के प्र रुऩ ’ के फ ये भें फत म है ।
Q6.(C) Article 22 of the Indian Constitution gives the arrested person the right to be presented
before a magistrate within 24 hours.

ब यतीम सॊपवध न के अनुच्छे द 22 भें धगयफ़्त यी के 24 घॊटो के अॊतय र भजजस्ट्रे ट के स भने ऩेश होने क
अधधक य है ।

Q7.(D) Daulatabad was the capital transferred to, from Delhi by Muhammad Tughlaq.

भुहम्भद तुग़रक द्व य ददल्री से अऩनी य जध नी दौरत फ द भें स्ट्थ न ॊतरयत की थी।

Q8. (D) East India Company first landed in Surat.

ईस्ट्ट इॊडिम कॊऩनी सूयत भें ऩहरी फ य आमी।

Q9.(B) the value of Prime Meridian is 0° Longitude.

प्रभुख म म्मोत्तय क भ न 0° दे श न्तय है ।

Q10.(B) Pluto called after August 2006 Dwarf Planet.

अगस्ट्त 2006 के फ द प्रूटो को फौन ग्रह क्म कह ज त है ।

===================================================================

English Language Quiz

Q.1-10. In the following questions sentences are given with blanks to be filled in with an
appropriate word. Four alternatives are suggested for each question. Choose the correct
alternative out of the four and mark your answer.

Q.1. Health is too important to be _________.

A. neglected

B. detested

C. despised
D. discarded

Q.2. It was his __________ that saved him from the coming danger.

A. prediction

B. presage

C. foresight

D. detection

Q.3. The doctor ________ the patient from taking certain medicine.

A. banned

B. prohibited

C. prescribed

D. proscribed

Q.4. Parliamentary Democracy postulated a discipline and ________ to the rules.

A. liability

B. commitment

C. obligation

D. subjection

Q.5. I have often _____________ why he went to live abroad.

A. puzzled

B. thought

C. wondered

D. surprised
Q.6. Priya is not _______ for this kind of job.

A. acquire

B. besides

C. capacity

D. capable

Q.7. He was annoyed ________my brother.

A. for

B. with

C. at

D. to

Q.8. It is no use _______ to come now because he is very busy.

A. to ask him

B. that you ask him

C. if you asked him

D. asking him

Q.9. He is so bad tempered that he has _____ friends.

A. lot of

B. a lot of

C. few

D. a few

Q.10. A woman came in with a baby who she said, ____ a safety pin.
A. swallowed

B. just swallowed

C. had just swallowed

D. was just swallowing

ANSWERS

Q1. (A)

Q2. (C)

Q3. (B)

Q4. (B)

Q5. (C)

Q6. (D)

Q7. (B)

Q8. (D)

Q9. (C)

Q10. (C)
===================================================================

Banking Awareness Quiz

Q.1 Hindi Diwas celebrated across India on –

(1) 10-Sep
(2) 12-Sep

(3) 14-Sep

(4) 16-Sep

(5) 18-Sep

Q.1 दहॊदी ददिस बायतिर्त भें ...................... िो भनामा गमा।

(1) 10 लसतॊफय

(2) 12 लसतॊफय

(3) 14 लसतॊफय

(4) 16 लसतॊफय

(5) 18 लसतॊफय

Q.2 Which is not a function of NBFCs?

(1) Equipment leasing

(2) Housing finance and investments in financial securities

(3) Term Deposit

(4) All the above

(5) None of these

Q.2 िौन एनफीएपसी िा एि िामत नहीॊ है ?

(1) उऩकयण ऩट्टे द यी

(2) ह उलसॊग प इनेंस औय पवत्तीम प्रततबूततमों भे तनवेश

(3) स वधध जभ

(4) उऩयोक्त सबी

(5) इनभें से कोई नहीॊ

Q.3 ‘Good people to grow with’ is the tagline of –

(1) Union Bank of India

(2) United Bank of India

(3) UCO Bank

(4) Indian Overseas Bank

(5) Indian Bank

Q.3 ’आऩिी प्रगनत िा सच्िा साथी ’ ------- िी टै गराईन है ।

(1) मूतनमन फैंक औप इॊडिम

(2) मन
ू इटे ि फैंक औप इॊडिम

(3) मूको फैंक

(4) इॊडिमन ओवयसीज फैंक

(5) इजडिमन फैंक

Q.4 A debenture holder of a company is also its_______ .

(1) Shareholder

(2) Director

(3) Creditor

(4) Debtor

(5) None of these

Q.4 एि िॊऩनी िा डडफेंिय धायि , उसिा --------------- बी होता है ।

(1) शेमयहोल्िय

(2) तनदे शक

(3) रेनद य

(4) कजतद य

(5) इनभें से कोई नहीॊ

Q.5 Under which article of the Constitution, the sub-categorization of the Other Backward
Classes (OBCs) is defined?

(1) 300

(2) 310

(3) 320

(4) 330

(5) 340

Q.5 सॊविधान िे किस आरेख िे अॊतगतत , अन्म वऩछडा िगत (ओफीसी) िे उऩ-िगीियण िो ऩरयबावर्त किमा
गमा है ?

(1) 300

(2) 310
(3) 320

(4) 330

(5) 340

Q.6 The Book "Turbulent Years-1980-96", authored by-

(1) Subhash Chandra

(2) Mamta Banerjee

(3) Pranab Banerjee

(4) APJ Abdul Kalam

(5) Pramood Kapoor

Q.6 टफुर
त ें ट इमसत 1980-1996 नाभि ऩुस्ट्ति िे रेखि/ रेखखिा हैं-

(1) सब
ु ष चॊद्र

(2) भभत फनजी

(3) प्रणफ भुखजी

(4) एऩीजे अब्दर

ु कर भ
(5) प्रभोद कऩूय

Q.7 Under which section of Negotiable Instrument Act 1881, bill of exchange were defined?

(1) 4

(2) 5

(3) 6

(4) 7

(5) 8

Q.7 ऩयक्राम्म लरखत अधधननमभ 1881 िी किस धाया िे तहत बफर ऑफ़ एक्सिें ि ऩरयबावर्त हैं ?

(1) 4

(2) 5

(3) 6

(4) 7

(5) 8

Q.8 The Central Board of RBI comprises of how many members?

(1) 23

(2) 21

(3) 19

(4) 17

(5) 15

Q.8 बायतीम रयिित फैंि िे िेंद्रीम फोडत भें कितने सदस्ट्म शालभर हैं ?

(1) 23

(2) 21

(3) 19

(4) 17

(5) 15

Q.9 15th Finance Commission has been constituted under the Chairmanship of _______.

(1) Dr. Vijay L. Kelkar

(2) Dr. Y.V. Reddy

(3) C. Rangarajan

(4) N. K. Singh

(5) None of these

Q.9 15िाॊ वित्त आमोग ........................ िी अध्मऺता भें गदित किमा गमा है ।

(1) िॉ. पवजम एर. केरकय

(2) िॉ. व ई.वी. ये ड्िी

(3) सी. यॊ गय जन

(4) एन के लसॊह

(5) इनभे से कोई नहीॊ

Q.10 The headquarter of SWIFT (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial

Telecommunication) is situated in -

(1) Belgium

(2) Brazil

(3) Brunei
(4) Belarus

(5) Bahrain

Q.10 श्स्ट्िफ्ट (सोसामटी फ़ॉय िल्डतिाइड इॊटयफैंि पाइनेंलशमर टे रीिम्मुननिेशन) िा भुख्मारम ....................
भें श्स्ट्थत है ।

(1) फेजल्जमभ

(2) ब्र जीर

(3) ब्रुनेई

(4) फेर रूस

(5) फहयीन

ANSWERS

Q.1 (3)

Explanation: Hindi Divas – 14 September.

दहन्दी ददवस - 14 लसतॊफय

Q.2 (3)

Explanation: Term Deposit are not provided by NBFCs.

स वधध जभ एनफीएपसी द्व य प्रद न नहीॊ की ज ती है ।

Q.3 (4)

Explanation: ‘Good people to grow with’ is the tagline of – Indian Overseas Bank.

’आऩकी प्रगतत क सच्च स थी ’ इॊडिमन ओवयसीज फैंक की टै गर इन है ।

Q.4 (3)

Explanation: A debenture holder of a company is also its Creditor.

एक कॊऩनी क डिफेंचय ध यक , उसक ऋणद त बी है ।

Q.5 (5)

Explanation: Under article 340 of the Constitution, the sub-categorization of the Other Backward
Classes (OBCs) is defined.

सॊपवध न के आरेख 340 के अॊतगतत , अन्म पऩछड वगत (ओफीसी) के उऩ-वगीकयण को ऩरयब पषत फकम गम है .

Q.6 (3)

Explanation: The Book "Turbulent Years-1980-96", authored by Pranab Banerjee.

टफुर
त ें ट इमसत 1980-1996 न भक ऩुस्ट्तक के रेखक/ रेखखक प्रणफ भख
ु जी हैं.

Q.7 (2)
Explanation: A bill of exchange is a non-interest-bearing written order used primarily in
international trade that binds one party to pay a fixed sum of money to another party at a
predetermined future date.

बफर ऑफ़ एक्सचें ज एक गैय-दहतध यक लरखखत आदे श है जो भुख्म रूऩ से अॊतय तष्ट्रीम व्म ऩ य भें उऩमोग फकम
ज त है जो एक ऩ टी को एक तनजचचत अवधध के बपवष्ट्म की त यीख भें फकसी अन्म ऩ टी को एक तनजचचत य लश
क बग
ु त न कयने के लरए फ ध्म कयत है ।

Q.8 (2)

Explanation: The Central Board of RBI comprises of 21 members.

ब यतीम रयजवत फैंक के केंद्रीम फोित भें 21 सदस्ट्म श लभर हैं.

Q.9 (4)

Explanation: 15th Finance Commission has been constituted under the Chairmanship of N. K.
Singh.

15व ॊ पवत्त आमोग एन के लसॊह की अध्मऺत भें गदित फकम गम है ।

Q.10 (1)

Explanation: The headquarters of SWIFT is situated in Belgium.

जस्ट्वफ्ट क भख्
ु म रम फेजल्जमभ भें जस्ट्थत है ।

===================================================================
 English Quiz
Q.1-10. Read each part of the sentence to find out if there is any error. The error, if any, will
be in one part of the sentence. The number of that part is the answer. If there is no error,
mark your answer as (5).

Q.1. Siraj has (1)/three precious objects (2)/and he would not (3)/part for anyone of them(4)/no
error(5)

Q.2. When you buy something (1)/on the installment system (2)/you are not required to pay
(3)/the whole price at once (4)/No error(5)

Q.3. We saw an image of a man (1)/from the mist(2)/but we could not see who he was (4)/No
error(5)

Q.4. Neither he nor his friends (1)/was informed about (2)/the venue of the (3)/meeting of our
society (4)/No error(5)

Q.5. Anil was a painter (1)/whom we all thought (2)/would get a contract (3)/for that painting
(4)/No error(5)

Q.6. The rainfall for past few days (1)/ and then brief spell of sunshine ( 2)/ had further
deteriorated the condition (3)/ as much as foul smell had disturbed the daily life of the people
(4)/ No error (5)

Q.7. University education must be (1)/ constantly upgraded and renovated (2)/ to meet the
expectations (3)/of the change world (4)/ No error (5)

Q.8. It was found during the raids (1)/ hat some jewellery outlets (2)/did not have verification
certificate (3)/issued by the legal metrology department (4)/ No error (5)

Q.9. Many cases of drunken driving and crimes of road rage (1)/ snatchings, and molestation take
place (2)/due to the absent of (3)/street lights and inefficient policing (4)/ No error (5)

Q.10. Money should be kept rotating (1)/and this happened only (2)/when people develop good
banking habits (3)/like savings and timely repayments (4)/ No error (5)

ANSWERS

Q.1. 4

Q.2. 2
Q.3. 2

Q.4. 2

Q.5. 2

Q.6. 4

Q.7. 4

Q.8. 5

Q.9. 3

Q.10.2
===================================================================

Computer Knowledge
Q.1. SMTP Protocol is applicable in which layer?
(1) Application Layer
(2) Network layer
(3) Presentation layer
(4) Transport layer
(5) None of these

Q.2. When more computer are connected at one place, it is called ?

(1) LAN
(2) WAN
(3) Infinite
(4) WON
(5) DON

Q.3. Process of encryption and decryption takes place at which layer ?

(1) Application layer
(2) Network Layer
(3) Data link Layer
(4) Presentation Layer
(5) None of these

Q.4. Which of the following gate is known as Universal gates.

(1) AND
(2) NOR
(3) NOT
(4) NAND
(5) Both 2 and 4.

Q.5. AND gate is represented as_______.

(1) A.B
(2) A+B
(3) AB
(4) A=B
(5) A-B

Q.6. Ctrl + O is used for -

(1) Open
(2) Open the new file
(3) Open the existing file
(4)Open the print file
(5) None of these

Q.7. Full form of ALGOL?

(1) Algorithmic Language
(2) Algorithm Link
(3) Algo Language
(4) Algorithm Language
(5) None of these

Q.8. The two types of output devices are -

(1) Monitor and Printer
(2) Floppy disc and CD
(3) Keyboard and Mouse
(4) Windows 2000 and Windows NT
(5) None of these

Q.9. Tab key is used for -------.

(1) To move the cursor on screen
(2) To indent a paragraph
(3) To move a cursor
(4) Only 1 and 2
(5) None of these

Q.10. To go to the beginning of a text line, press ----.

(1) Home
(2) Page up
(3) Enter
(4) All of these
(5) None of these

ANSWERS

Q.1. (1) SMTP protocol is applicable to application layer of OSI model.

Q.2. (1) When more computers connected at one place, it is called local area network.
Q.3. (4) Encryption and decryption take place on presentation layer.
Q.4. (5) NAND gates, NOR gates are universal gates.
Q.5. (1) AND gate is represented by A.B.
Q.6. (3) Ctrl + O is used to open existing file.
Q.7. (1) ALGOL stands for Algorithm Language.
Q.8. (1) Two types of output devices are Printer and Monitor.
Q.9. (2) Tab key is used to indent a paragraph.
Q.10. (1) To go to the beginning of a text line, press home button.

===================================================================
 English Test
Q.1-10. Which of the Phrases(1), (2) (3) and (4) given below each sentence should replace the
phrases printed in bold in the sentence to make it grammatically correct ? If the sentence is
correct as it is given and no correction is required, mark (5) as the answer.

Q.1. You can look at a dog as being a sorts of holiday from life, anyway.

1. a dogs as being a sort of

2. a dog has being a sort of

3. a dog as being sort of

4. a dog as being a sort of

5. No correction required

Q.2. The council has decided not to make an official announcement of its recommendations as it
usually does.

1. To make an official

2. To not make an office

3. Not to make an office

4. To making an official

5. No correction required

Q.3. The victim has shown not sign of improvement after hospitalization.

1. Not signs of improvement

2. No sign of improvement

3. Not any sign of improved

4. No sign of improving
5. No correction required

Q.4. There was utter confusion amongst passers, in the plane.

1. Absolutely confusion among

2. Absolute confused amongst

3. Utter confusion among

4. Utter confusing among

5. No correction required

Q.5. Commuters is being forced to wade through thick snow.

1. Is been force

2. Have been force

3. Has being force

4. Are being forced

5. No correction required

Q.6. The agency have already finished its investigation in the case and is likely to file the charge
sheet.

1. Has already finished

2. Have finish already

3. Has finishing already

4. Had already finish

5. No correction required
Q.7. His bike skidded and roll down the gorge below.

1. Skidded and rolling down

2. Skidded and rolled down

3. Skidded and rolls down

4. Skidded or rolled up

5. No correction required

Q.8. Many of the people parked their vehicles by the roadsides and hired local cabs to reach their
accommodations.

1. Through the roadside

2. By the sideroad

3. From the roadsides

4. Under the roadside

5. No correction required

Q.9. The rescue operation was called on in the afternoon.

1. called

2. calls under

3. called off

4. call across

5. No correction required

Q.10. I live in the bucolic surroundings of a big city, soothed by the dulcet natural tones of car
horns and sirens.

1. on the dulcet natural tones of

2. by a dulcet natural tones of

3. by the dulcet natural tones for

4. by the dulcet naturally tones of

5. No correction required

ANSWERS

Q1. (4)

Q2. (5)

Q3. (2)

Q4. (3)

Q5. (4)

Q6. (1)

Q7. (2)

Q8. (5)

Q9. (3)

Q10. (5)
================================================================

English Language Quiz

Q.1-10. In the following passage, some of the words have been left out. First read the passage
over and try to understand what it is about. Then fill in the blanks with the help of the
alternatives given.

Actor Jared Leto, who played (1) AIDS positive person in "Dallas Buyers Club". (2) won best
supporting (3) in motion picture (4) the 71st Golden Globe Awards held (5) Beverly hills.
Leto (6) awarded for (7) performance (8) the biographical drama. While the biopic helped (9) win
an award. Movie on Science fiction "Her" also (10) an award.

Q.1. Choose the correct option for (1)

A. a

B. an
C. the

D. on

Q.2. Choose the correct option for (2)

A. have

B. have been

C. has

D. will

Q.3. Choose the correct option for (3)

A. singer

B. actor

C. dancer

D. poet

Q.4. Choose the correct option for (4)

A. in

B. at

C. on

D. to

Q.5. Choose the correct option for (5)

A. on

B. into
C. in

D. at

Q.6. Choose the correct option for (6)

A. were

B. is

C. was

D. are

Q.7. Choose the correct option for (7)

A. its

B. her

C. his

D. their

Q.8. Choose the correct option for (8)

A. on

B. at

C. into

D. in

Q.9. Choose the correct option for (9)

A. her
B. his

C. him

D. them

Q.10. Choose the correct option for (10)

A. won

B. found

C. given

D. owned

ANSWERS

Q1. (B)

Q2. (C)

Q3. (B)

Q4. (B)

Q5. (C)

Q6. (C)

Q7. (C)

Q8. (D)

Q9. (C)

Q10. (A)
===================================================================
 Test Your Vocabulary
Q1. Choose the Synonym of ‘DESPOIL’

(a) Destroy

(b) Construct

(c) Assemble

(d) Shuffle

Q2. Choose the Antonym of ‘NETTLE’

(a) Provoke

(b) Annoy

(c) Appease

(d) chafe

Q3. Choose the Synonym of ‘PIED’

(a) Spotted

(b) Uncoloured
(c) Unlocked

(d) Unflicker

Q4. Choose the Antonym of ‘SERENE’

(a) placid

(b) clamorous

(c) peaceful

(d) calm

Q5. Choose the Synonym of ‘PESTILENT’

(a) Secure
(b) Unhazardous
(c) contagious
(d) antivirus

Q6. Choose the Antonym of ‘OSSIFY’

(a) Congeal
(b) fossilize
(c) soften
(d) hard

Q7. Choose the Synonym of ‘PIFFLE’

(a) Nonsense
(b) Sense

(c) Truth

(d) True

Q8. Choose the Antonym of ‘BROOK’

(a) Endure

(b) tolerate

(c) dodge

(d) shun

Q9. Choose the synonym of ‘BOUNTEOUS’

(a) Beneficent

(b) Miserly

(c) Uncharitable

(d) Charity

Q10. Choose the antonym of ‘PROD’

(a) Goad

(b) Propel

(c) provoke

(d) dissuade

ANSWERS
Q1- (a)

Q2- (c)

Q3- (a)

Q4- (b)

Q5- (c)

Q6- (c)

Q7- (a)

Q8- (b)

Q9- (a)

Q10 - (d)

===================================================================

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