CCNA Renision [E1051 Model_and “TCP/IP Model If | Applicstion | | Transport i L = - iH anspor | oe | Intenet Deda tink | a | Pinysical | | Link | Les. hy | OST Reference : | Tep/ip eat J Model PDUs | (Protece! Data Unit) jee | eet Protocol Prysical Provides physicai ¥ULTP (Unhielded twisted functionality Pair) * STP (Shicided twisted Pair) Kovides i zRota tine (hanes puri paddies LAN: Fost-ethemet | Giga-ethemet x Erior detection [omg] by o CRE ond FCS * WAN: roe Relay veRelaled to Hop to Hop Parsi | transmission TN 3.Nebwork 7 CHP address) x Roving | Elow cont’o\ Samer a Defings weil Keown Services ( ports) * Veonsport, | | : Be detection § correction to End es a9) Xplovides Logical cal des Toremet Protocol (1p) ¥ TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) ~ Connection oriented ~ provides sequencing VA pair “& Switch # Badge * Router * + Firessail nes SLoyer =| Function Protoco| —— Devies@ Season ¥ WitideS ond teimnais SCP (Session Contre ¥Same_ a5 S oessicn | f i an Congurent Sessions Protecel) aye? ne cowerts from user daka ly asc, x Same as 6-Pesentaton | to computer language Layer 7 * Enuyption qdecyption ee * Compression Seseeaie 2 * Plovicles user interface. *HTTP HTTAS, FTP. % Movie T Appiication Note: x ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) TPs MAC * Reverse ARP * Tnvese ARP Dl Switch ve Boxter | Switch *Foomeds cevices in the Some network & works at Loyer 2 TFT, ONS DHCP, seu FLAPLOP POP3, Telnet, SSH, ARP oe MAC —> 1P DLC > IP | Rover — eT ®comecls devices in aifleent | nebworks i | works at layer 3 “we Works with MAC oddiess works with EP address Sends \rondeast_ & Mos more iateraces % Saster than on dge * CY port a dcesn't send loroadast (as less intertaces * CD/port[slap %& TPV4 + * 32 bilo & 4 ochales, dotted deamal #IPVE : * 18 bis ¥ Hexadecimal (0 —>F) ¥ TP Classes! Class A | Class B Class CY eee) 198 — 144 1293 N.H.H-H NN.H N.H.H ul ia Ties. N.N.N.H 10.000 472.46.0.0 192.468.0.0 ee 299.255 7172.34.995.955 192.168.255.255 # Class D — reserved Por mutticast eClass E —> reserved for research IEEE Note? cw + part isc to 0 T] Nebwork 10: when ee ae 49.168.102.0 a to J st pedressi when ost port 1 Sek T2Croodendl eg. 490.108 402.295 Hcopemex tot LTTOGA] , cp)ip contigo cnakic pfivake \P addiess [Al AP IPA: anto AEG 254.%.% ie oppens iF No DHCP configued. Note? TH\Sulonel Mask : vee Se to get the[ neoork] pact es mr Glunc: Youaire) [Vendor assigned —_| |Nendor assigned |TE] Suboneiting_ *# Why Suionetting_ Swlonetting — Layer 3 NiLANS = ——> Layer 2. * It inceases performance » when you have a big nélwork performance suffer so yor nove to tofeak it into parts Ae Tnclease — Stcusi ty x It is ‘breaking Your nebwork into Smaller subnetworks -for Sose_of management 12. 64 32 16 8 * Condition on number of Supnety: 19.0.0.0/3 er 10.0.0.0/40 Ly supnets [iii dboov000, 0-0.0 2 10.64.0.0° #10 10.28.00 /10 [No. of hosts]: 27-2 2" 2 40.49.0.0/40 Ps ees * Condition on number, hosts 412.16,0.0/16 12% 04/32 1654 24 112.46.0.0/26 Benosts Shots eats? 112. 16.0.64/26 WH THI AIA, {{c00000 oe 172.16.0.128/26 oa 112.46,0, 492/26 No. of Sionets | pe bits 9° 112.16. 1. 0/26 *NLSM + Nonatolie ieagth subnet mask *Aliows diVision of TP addiess with Variabie subnd size,[5] Routing. © Path Selection —> seiectS vest roite ® Packet forwarding Static vs Dynamic Roun ng if Static | Dynamic. e. [> Routes are entered anvetiy| ‘eRowin protocols ave used i | = nebwork actin *RI x EIGRP *000F 4 BGP *lFa Change occws, a + Routers lean § maintain cn 'S fequiecl manually — outers ley exchanging ine = foul updates * &g. small networks that * Laige nebworks Ole Not expected to expand | *& Metric | Tipe eee ] © RiP(Routag Bag Tafermation op Cova | . %t0col ) R 05 (on cprise Pen 4 Cost fer r © E1GR? (Ghaned Interior J and Dek Craleniay Rousing Protocel) an “J @ BaP (Border G i Proto! * LGP ond EGP - Autonomus System: @ Collechon of nebeorks within a common Gdiminstrative demain, ~ TEP: connects devices within the same, AS ,&g, RIP. OSPEEIGRP Pe ae ome Pha a.Tee Nery bok stay [_Distone Veter (Sige) Linx Stake (Hep) x How mony foulks Pass ly *compiele Nebwork and theditection topology Easy to eonfiquie »* No loops mr eons * Works in large ndboorks favored’ Distane Vector: * NO Cetempbon ems e Cc even 4g. EIGRP >" Rest of bcth oo “ Worlds” consume (outer (esoures *&g. OSPF, \S-IS *Classful Vs Classless ae i Classless, * Doesn't need to work with *% Needs to send subnet Sulonet mask or wildcard MASK of wild cael defautt suinet masks eg. RIP eo: air % Administradive Distance Pee ees __ Adminstrabve Distance O Directly Connected 0 @ Static @ RP 120 @ 05°F 140 © E1GRP i[él VLANs @ * Seperdles BC domains aueed fors O Segmentation @ Secunty @ Nabuork Plexabiii ty NLAN 1 i-defautt VLAN f ANUANE Naive VLAN [ssa vo ~ Management NLAN * Inter VLAN foubing: uisecl_winen memes of cliflerent VLANS wart to communicate with each other NUANS | Subnetiong x ler 2 * Loyer 3 | * Creates different —- logical nebwerks logical cd. Physical only * Mole tule ; x less SeCuwe [2] STP(Sponning Tree Protocol) * prevents loops —> wy placing cerLain ports inte lolocking state Root Bricige (Lowest BID) @Root Prt owest cost to Rest Bndge) @ Designated Pot @ Forwarding} Blackang x Types :-STD -pNST+ ——~ 2 eqD i Per LAN spaming tree, ~ Ropik PYST+ —JS] ACL Access Contol List) @ 2 Used for: - Filtean ~ Classification ; =1 + clen *& Characteristics: [ a ‘ sirderedt at the top Standard and Extended ACL Sbandord / Extended * 41-99 * 100 -199 * Checks Source addvess * checks soue and clestinationaddiess . * Numbered 4 Named ACLS 1 Ya] NAT Network Address Translation) ¥ PAT aicbon) @ Static NAT: one on ene Mapping every privale IP has a speafic public IP @ Dypomic NAT + nany to many mapping >a fonge of private IPS present in an ACL ACL | — | pool 'S assigned any of a Pool of pubic IPS, Prnade public @ Pat + many to one mapping —> 1 public IP PrivateOI WAN Wide Area Network ) Circuit and Packet Switdring [ Crwat: Switching Packet Switching = | le Chomel for 4 user * Chennel for mul bpleuses | \* One path pe * Multiple paths &* Fixed witeate * Nandiole, eitrate * Chotging /-time, * dhamging /volume Less cel # Hore delay eg. PSTN «e 3 ISDN oo: Fe ATM % PPP ond HOLE © PPP (Porat to Point Prcstoco! ) ¥ Dedicated Connection * Authentication —OPAP (Password Authentication Protocol) % Passwords ave sent in plain text @cuap (challenge Authentication Protocol) x Hash values are Sent @HDLC (High lieve) Datalink Control) * Dedicatecl connection & certain encapsulation method x Frome Relay. Oey) OL) —> Signaling deter @ Layer 2 technology ls © Packet Switching © PVC (Permanent: VC) @ Usce @ Ans © Nictual Circuits @svc( Switched VO) (Nc Vita Link Connection demtifier)x ATH (Asynchionous tonsfer ode) © wan Loyer 2 8 Packet Switcnng * IPve 2 128 its x 16-Wit Hexodecimal Fields * ar gh Adkdiess Space * -conFiguradbon a Tg we roy * No BC * Flexalility * SNMP. Nebflow and Sysieg © SNMP (Simpie Neboork Management Protocol) @ Syslog Secunty Levelg : 7 © Emegenty 4 AlesL 2 Chtial 3 Eror + waning @ Nadtfiow : telephone bills.