Version 001 – review unit2 – chiu – (58655) 1

This print-out should have 45 questions. 3. Ib, IIb, IIIb correct

Multiple-choice questions may continue on
the next column or page – find all choices 4. Ia, IIb, IIIb
before answering.
5. Ia, IIb, IIIa
The long negatively charged rod
001 10.0 points 6. Ia, IIa, IIIa

7. Ib, IIa, IIIb

8. Ia, IIa, IIIb

Figure above shows a portion of long, neg-
atively charged rod. You need to determine
the potential difference VA − VB due to the
charged rod. Use the convention that up is
along the +y direction.
Consider the following statements:
Ia. Direction of the path is along the +y
direction
Ib. Direction of the path is along the -y
direction
IIa. The sign of VA − VB is positive
IIb. The sign of VA − VB is negative
Now bring a test charge q from A to B.
Consider the following statements:
IIIa. The sign of the potential difference
VA − VB due to the rod depends on the sign
of the test charge q.
IIIb. The sign of the potential difference
VA − VB due to the rod does not depend on
the sign of the test charge q.
Choose the correct choice:
1. Ib, IIb, IIIa
2. Ib, IIa, IIIa
Explanation:
Ib is correct. Since we want to determine
VA − VB , A is the final point and B is the
initial point, so the path is from B to A.
IIb is correct. Notice that with the source
charge on the rod being negative, it generates
a downward electric field. By inspection the
vector E is parallel to the path, so ∆V =
VA − VB < 0.
IIIb is correct. The potential difference is a
property of E generated by the source charges.
It is independent of the sign or magnitude of
the test charge q.
Flat Parallel Conductors
002 10.0 points
Two flat conductors are placed with their in-
ner faces separated by 2 mm.
If the surface charge density on inner
face A is 97 pC/m2 and on inner face B
is −97 pC/m2 , calculate the electric po-
tential difference ∆V = VA − VB . Use
−12 2 2
ǫ0 = 8.85419 × 10 C /Nm .
Correct answer: 0.0219105 V.
Explanation:
Let:
ǫ0 = 8.85419 × 10−12 C2 /N · m2 ,
σ = 97 pC/m2 = 9.7 × 10−11 C/m2 , and
d = 2 mm = 0.002 m .
The electric field between two flat conduc-
tors is σ
E= .
ǫ0
Plate A is positively charged and therefore at
a higher potential than the negatively charged
 Version 001 – review unit2 – chiu – (58655) 2
plate B, so we know the answer must be The net energy remains constant through-
positive. The magnitude of ∆V is given by out the whole process. We can use the follow-
σd ing train of logic:
∆V = E d =
ǫ0
9.7 × 10−11 C/m2 (0.002 m)


∆E =0
=
8.85419 × 10−12 C2 /N · m2 ∆U + ∆K =0
= 0.0219105 V . q ∆V + ∆K =0
(−e)∆V + ∆K =0
Intuitive reasoning: Let us place a positive ⇒ ∆K = e ∆V
charge in between the two plates and release
it. It will be repelled by the positive plate = (1.6 × 10−19 C)(145 V)
and attracted to the negative plate. The = 2.32 × 10−17 J .
natural tendency for a positive charge is to
move from high potential to low potential. In Then
other words, the positively charged plate is at
a higher potential. This agrees with the math ∆K = Kf − Ki
results where Vf − Vi = −E ~ • ∆~ℓ. 1
= m vf2 − 0
2
r
TVTubeMI17p045 2∆K
003 10.0 points ⇒ vf =
In a television picture tube, electrons are s m
boiled out of a very hot metal filament placed 2(2.32 × 10−17 J)
=
near a negative metal plate. These electrons 9.11 × 10−31 kg
start out nearly at rest and are accelerated
= 7.13674 × 106 m/s .
toward a positive metal plate. They pass
through a hole in the positive plate on their Interestingly, a more realistic accelerating
way toward the picture screen, as shown in voltage for a “modern” picture tube televi-
the diagram. sion is in the range of 17kV–25kV. In this
range, the electrons reach relativistic speeds
− Plate + Plate and cannot be treated classically.
− E +
− +
− + Three parallel plate capacitors
F = eE + v=? 004 10.0 points
Hot filament +
− + Given three parallel conducting plates
− + which are aligned perpendicular to the x-axis.
− + They are labeled, from left to right as plate 1,
− +
2 and 3 respectively. The total charges on the
L corresponding plates are Q1 = −5q, Q2 = 3q
and Q3 = 2q. The width of the gap between
The high-voltage supply in the television 1 and 2 is d which is the same as the width
set maintains a potential difference of 145 V across 2 and 3.
between the two plates, what speed do the Determine the ∆V = V3 −V1 . That is going
electrons reach? Use me = 9.11 × 10−31 kg from the leftmost plate to the rightmost plate.
and qe = 1.6 × 10−19 C and assume that this
is not relativistic. 2(q/A)d
1.
ǫ0
Correct answer: 7.13674 × 106 m/s. 4(q/A)d
2.
Explanation: ǫ0
 Version 001 – review unit2 – chiu – (58655) 3

3(q/A)d
3.
ǫ0
9(q/A)d
4. −
2ǫ0
7(q/A)d
5. −
ǫ0
6(q/A)d
6. Consider the setup in Figure above. What
ǫ0
is the change in potential energy ∆U = UC −
3(q/A)d UD , in moving an electron from D to C?
7. −
ǫ0  
5(q/A)d 1 1
8. − 1. 2k e q s −
ǫ0 a 2 b2
 
7(q/A)d 1 1
9. correct 2. k e q s −
ǫ0 a b
 
1 1
Explanation: 3. -2k e q s −
a 2 b2
One may regard the 3-plate system as a  
1 1
composite system which involves two capaci- 4. -2k e q s −
tor systems with the 12-capacitor followed by a b
 
the 23-capacitor. 1 1
5. -k e q s −
The 12-capacitor has charges Q1 and Q2 + a 2 b2
Q3 , i.e charges of −4q and +4q respectively.
 
1 1
The 23-capacitor has charges Q1 + Q2 and 6. k e q s − correct
a 2 b2
Q3 , i.e charges of −q and +q respectively.  
1 1
The potential difference is 7. -k e q s −
a b
 
1 1
V3 − V1 = Egap,12 d + Egap,23 d 8. k q s −
a b
 
1 1
9. 2k e q s −
a b
5(q/A)d 2(q/A)d
V3 − V1 = +
 
1 1
ǫ0 ǫ0 10. k q s −
a 2 b2
Explanation:
7(q/A)d
V3 − V1 = Z 
2kqs

ǫ0 VC − VD = − − 3 dx
x
Digression: Notice that E is pointing to the
Z  
−1
left. This implies that the ”potential hill” has = 2kqs d
2 x2
an upward slope to the right. 
1 1

Going from plate 1 to plate 3, corresponds = 2kqs − 2 + 2 . (1)
to moving to the right, which is climbing the 2a 2b
potential hill. This implies V3 − V1 > 0. Multiplying eq(1) by the electronic charge
-e, we arrive at the potential energy difference
The change in potential energy from D to C is given by
 
005 10.0 points 1 1
UC −UD = −e(V (a)−V (b)) = k e q s − .
a 2 b2
 Version 001 – review unit2 – chiu – (58655) 4
Intuitive reasoning on the sign of ∆U : Nat-  
ural tendency of the motion is from high po- Q1 1 1
2. − −
tential energy to lower potential energy. Since 4πǫ0 L R2
when the electron is released it should move
 
Q1 1 1
from C to D, so UC > UD . 3. −
4πǫ0 L R2
Alternative explanation: Q1

1 1

Let the center of the dipole be at the origin. 4. −
4πǫ0 L L − R2
At a distance x along the +x̂ direction  
Q1 1 1

s
 
s
 5. − −
Vdipole (x) = Vq x + + V−q x − 4πǫ0 L L + R2
2 2 Q1

1 1

6. − correct
kq k(−q) 4πǫ0 L L + R2
Vdipole (x) = +
x + s/2 x − s/2 Explanation:
(x − s/2) − (x + s/2) kqs We may write down the potential difference
Vdipole (x) = 2 2
≈ − 2 as
x − (s/2) x
So, we have ∆VA,B = ∆VA,B,plastic + ∆VA,B,glass
 
1 1
VC (x) − VD (x) = − k q s 2
− 2 Vglass is constant in the region between A
a b
and B, and hence ∆VA,B,glass = 0.
Check: E is along the -x̂ direction, VC is
expected to be lower than VD . ∆VA,B = ∆VA,B,plastic

17P70MI 1 (−Q1 ) 1 (−Q1 )

006 (part 1 of 3) 10.0 points VB − VA = −
4πǫ0 rB 4πǫ0 rA
Now, we substitute rA = L and rB = L + R2 .
 
Q1 1 1
VB − VA = −
4πǫ0 L L + R2

007 (part 2 of 3) 10.0 points

Find the potential difference VC − VB . Lo-
cation B is just outside the glass sphere, and
location C is a distance d to the right of B.
 
A thin spherical shell of radius R1 made Q2 1 1
1. − − +
of plastic carries a uniformly distributed neg-  4πǫ0 L + d L
ative charge −Q1 . A thin spherical shell of Q1 1 1
−
radius R2 made of glass carries a uniformly 4πǫ0 L + R2 L + R2 + d
distributed positive charge +Q2 . The dis-
 
Q2 1 1
tance between centers is L, as shown in the 2. − − +
4πǫ
 0 R2 + d R2
above figure. Q1

1 1
Find the potential difference VB − VA . Lo- −
4πǫ0 L L + d
cation A is at the center of the glass sphere,  
and location B is just outside the glass sphere. Q2 1 1
3. − +
   4πǫ0 L + d
 L
Q1 1 1 Q1 1 1
1. − − −
4πǫ0 L L − R2 4πǫ0 L + R2 L + R2 + d
 Version 001 – review unit2 – chiu – (58655) 5

4.     008 (part 3 of 3) 10.0 points

Q2 1 1 Q1 1 1 Suppose the glass shell is replaced by a solid
− + −
4πǫ0 R2 + d R2 4πǫ0 L L + d metal sphere with radius R2 carrying charge
5.  +Q2 . Which of the following statements con-
cerning the new potential difference VB − VA
  
Q2 1 1 Q1 1 1
− − − is true?
4πǫ0 R2 + d R2 4πǫ0 L L + d
 
Q2 1 1
6. − − 1. The new potential difference is equal to
4πǫ0 R2 + d R2
 the old potential difference (from part 1).
Q1 1 1
− correct
4πǫ0 L + R2 L + R2 + d
 
Q2 1 1 2. The new potential difference is greater
7. − −
 4πǫ 0 L + d
 L than the old potential difference (from part
Q1 1 1 1).
−
4πǫ0 L + R2 L + R2 + d
Q2

1 1
 3. The new potential difference is less than
8. − + the old potential difference (from part 1).
 4πǫ0 R2 + d R2
Q1 1 1
− correct
4πǫ0 L + R2 L + R2 + d
Q2

1 1
 Explanation:
9. − − + Since E = 0 everywhere inside the metal
4πǫ0 R 2 + d R 2
  sphere, ∆VAB,metal = 0, the same as for the
Q1 1 1
− glass shell. Since the plastic shell is un-
4πǫ0 L + R2 L + R2 + d changed, the potential difference VB − VA
Explanation: must be the same.
The potential difference can be expressed
as Shell Game 06
009 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
Consider a system of a metallic ball with
∆VB,C = ∆VB,C,glass + ∆VB,C,plastic net charge q1 and radius R1 enclosed by a
  spherically symmetric metallic shell with net
Q2 1 1
VC − VB = − charge q2 , inner radius R2 and outer radius
4πǫ0 rC,glass rB,glass R3 . If q2′′ is the charge on the outside surface
of the shell and q2′ the charge on its inside
 
(−Q1 ) 1 1
+ − surface, then q2′′ + q2′ = q2 .
4πǫ0 rC,plastic rB,plastic
where the different distances are: q2
q2′
rB,glass = R2
q2′′
q1
rC,glass = R2 + d R1
O
rB,plastic = R2 + L
R2
rC,plastic = R2 + L + d B
 
Q2 1 1 C
VC − VB = − R3
4πǫ0 R2 + d R2
 
Q1 1 1 Find the potential at C. OB = b and
+ −
4πǫ0 L + R2 L + R2 + d OC = c .
 Version 001 – review unit2 – chiu – (58655) 6

q1 + q2 q1 q1 q1
1. VC = k −k +k 9. VB = 2 k
R3 R2 R1 b
q1 q1 + q2 q1 q1
2. VC = k 10. VB = k −k +k correct
c R3 R2 b
q1 + q2 q1 q1 Explanation:
3. VC = k −k +k
c R2 b B is between the shell and the sphere. Con-
q1 sider a Gaussian surface through B concentric
4. VC = 2 k
c to the system. Let us start from the inside
q2 and use superposition to add contributions as
5. VC = k
c we go outward.
q1 + q2 q1 q1 We are outside of the sphere, so we can
6. VC = k −k +k
r3 b R1 treat its charge q1 as a point charge, and its
q1 − q2 potential is
7. VC = k √
2c q1
√ q2 V1 = k .
8. VC = 2 k b
c
The inner surface of the shell carries an
q1 + q2 q1 q1
9. VC = k −k +k induced charge of q2′ = −q1 so its potential is
R3 R2 b
q1 + q2 q2′ q1
10. VC = k correct V2 = k = −k .
c R2 R2
Explanation:
The outer surface of the shell carries a
C is outside of the entire charge distribution
charge of q2′′ = q1 + q2 , so its potential is
a distance c from the center, so the enclosed
charge Qencl = q1 + q2 can be treated as a q2′′ q1 + q2
point charge, and V3 = k =k .
R3 R3
q1 + q2 Thus the total potential is
VC = k .
c
VB = V1 + V2 + V3
010 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points q1 q1 q1 + q2
=k −k +k .
Determine the potential at B. b R2 R3

q1 + q2 q1 q1
1. VB = k −k +k Four Charges in a Square 03
R3 b R1 011 10.0 points
q2
2. VB =k Three point charges, each of magnitude q, are
b placed at 3 corners of a square with sides of
q1 + q2 q1 q1 length L. The charge farthest from the empty
3. VB =k −k +k
R3 R2 R1 corner is negative (−q) and the other two
√ q2
4. VB = 2k charges are positive (+q).
c
q1 + −
5. VB =k
b
q1 + q2 q1 q1
6. VB =k −k +k L
c R2 b O
q1 − q2
7. VB =k √ +
2c
q1 + q2 A B
8. VB =k What is the potential at point A?
b
 Version 001 – review unit2 – chiu – (58655) 7

√ kq 5 mm
1. V = 2 2 2
L
2 + −
kq + −
2. V =2
L + −

1

k q2 + −
3. V = 2− √ + −
2 L + −
√ k q2 + −
4. V =2 2 + −
L
  1 2 3 4
1 kq
5. V = 2− √ correct
2 L 1 mm 3 mm 1 mm
Calculate V1 − V4 .

1 kq
6. V = 2− √
2 L2
√ kq Correct answer: 400 V.
7. V =2 2 Explanation:
L
kq Here we simply add the potential differ-
8. V =2 2 ences we’ve already found:
L
kq
9. V = ∆V14 = ∆V12 + ∆V23 + ∆V34
L
kq = (160 V) + (80 V) + (160 V)
10. V =2
L = 400 V .

The magnetic field of moving electron

013 10.0 points
Explanation: √
The length of the diagonal is 2 L, so

P6 P1
d
X kq k −q kq eb−
V = Vi = + √ + θ θ
L 2L L P5 P2
i
  θ θ
kq 1
= 2− √ .
L 2
P4 P3

An electron is moving horizontally to the

CapacitorMI17p103 v2
012 10.0 points
An isolated large-plate capacitor (not con-
nected to anything) originally has a potential
difference of 800 V with an air gap of 5 mm.
Then a plastic slab 3 mm thick, with dielec-
tric constant 6, is inserted into the middle of
the air gap as shown in the figure below.
right with speed 5 × 106 m/s. Each location
is d = 5 cm from the electron, and the angle
θ = 31 ◦ . Give the magnetic field at P3 using
the convention that out of the page is positive.
1. 1.1 × 10−17 T
2. 3.3 × 10−17 T
 Version 001 – review unit2 – chiu – (58655) 8
point North (the direction shown by the gray
−17
3. −2.47 × 10 T arrows). When the current runs in the circuit,
the needle of compass 1 deflects as shown. In
4. 2.47 × 10−17 T what direction will the needle of compass 2
point?
5. −1.65 × 10−17 T
1. West
−17
6. −1.1 × 10 T
2. North
−17
7. 1.65 × 10 T correct
3. South
−17
8. −3.3 × 10 T
4. Southeast
Explanation:
5. Southwest
6
Let : v = 5 × 10 m/s ,
6. East
q = 1.6 × 10−19 C ,
d = 5 cm = 0.05 m , and 7. Northeast
θ = 31 ◦ .
8. Northwest correct
The magnitude of the field at P3 is

µ0 q v sin(θ) Explanation:
B =| | At location 1, current flows to the left
4π d2
(South) to make the compass deflect North-
= (1 × 10−7 T · m/A)(1.6 × 10−19 C)
east. Thus, at location 2, current flows to the
(5 × 106 m/s)sin(31 ◦ ) right (North). B~ due to the current, at loca-
×
(0.05 m)2 tion 2 beneath the wire, is upward toward the
= 1.65 × 10−17 T . top of the page (West). Thus the net mag-
netic field due to the Earth and the current
Using the right hand rule (and remembering carrying wire is Northwest, so the compass
that q is negative), the magnetic field is out needle will point Northwest. The actual angle
of the page. will depend on the value of the current.

BDirTwoCompMI18x040 GS6HWMI
014 10.0 points 015 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
Consider the following diagram. An electron is moving through space with
a non-relativistic velocity ~v = hv0 , 0, 0i and
passes through the origin at time t = 0.
A magnetic field detector is located at ~s =
ha, b, 0i.
N 1 Use the Biot-Savart law for a moving charge
~ s), the field measured at the
to calculate B(~
detector due to the electron passing through
the origin. Use the RHR to verify the vector
2 direction of your answer.

The wire rests on top of two compasses. ~ = µ0 ev0 b (−ẑ)

1. B
When no current is running, both compasses 4π (a2 + b2 )
 Version 001 – review unit2 – chiu – (58655) 9

~ = µ0
2. B
ev0 b
ẑ
4π (a2 + b2 ) ~ = µ0 ev0 b ŷ
7. B
4π (a2 + b2 )
~ = µ0
3. B
ev0 b
(−ŷ)
4π (a + b2 )
2 ~ = µ0 ev0 b ẑ
8. B
4π (a2 + b2 )
~ = µ0
4. B
ev0 b
(−ŷ)
4π (a + b2 )3/2
2 Explanation:
Note that there will be no change in the
~ = µ0
5. B
ev0 b
(−ẑ) correct magnitude of B.~ The only change that will oc-
4π (a + b2 )3/2
2
cur is in the direction. To find the new direc-
~ = µ0
6. B
ev0 b
ẑ tion, evaluating the following cross-product
4π (a + b2 )3/2
2
yields
~ = µ0
7. B
ev0 b
ŷ hv0 , 0, 0i × ha, 0, bi = v0 b(−ŷ)
4π (a + b2 )3/2
2

~ = µ0
8. B
ev0 b
ŷ
The B-S law is applied to an electron with
4π (a + b2 )
2 charge −e, so an extra negative sign comes
into the equation. The new direction will be
Explanation:
−(−ŷ) = ŷ. Hence, the answer is
We are given everything needed for the cal-
culation except for r̂, which is given by
~ = µ0
B
ev0 b
(ŷ)
4π (a + b2 )3/2
2
~s ha, b, 0i
r̂ = = √
|~s| a 2 + b2 Curved Wire Segment
017 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
Substituting this into the B-S equation, and
Consider a current configuration shown be-
note that r 2 = a2 + b2
low. A long (effectively infinite) wire segment
is connected to a quarter of a circular arc with
~ = µ0 (−e) hv0 , 0, 0i × √ha, b, 0i
B
4π a 2 + b2 radius a. The other end of the arc is connected
a 2 + b2
to another long horizontal wire segment. The
current is flowing from the top coming down
~ = µ0
B
ev0 b
(−ẑ) vertically and flows to the right along the pos-
4π (a + b2 )3/2
2
itive x-axis.
y
016 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
~ q ), where the detector is now
Now calculate B(~
located at ~q = ha, 0, bi. I x
O
~ = µ0
1. B
ev0 b
(−ŷ)
4π (a2 + b2 )3/2 O
~ = µ0
2. B
ev0 b
ẑ a
4π (a + b2 )3/2
2

~ = µ0
3. B
ev0 b
(−ŷ)
4π (a + b2 )
2 What is the direction of the magnetic field
at O due to this current configuration?
~ = µ0
4. B
ev0 b
(−ẑ)
4π (a + b2 )
2
1. along the positive y-axis
~ = µ0
5. B
ev0 b
(−ẑ)
4π (a + b2 )3/2
2
2. 135◦ counterclockwise from the +x-axis
~ = µ0
6. B
ev0 b
ŷ correct
4π (a + b2 )3/2
2 3. 45◦ counterclockwise from the +x-axis
 Version 001 – review unit2 – chiu – (58655) 10
For the straight sections, we apply the formu-
◦
4. 225 counterclockwise from the +x-axis las derived from the figure below,

5. along the negative y-axis a

θ1 θ2
◦
6. 315 counterclockwise from the +x-axis
I
7. perpendicular to and into the page

8. along the negative x-axis µ0 I θ 2

Z
~
B = ẑ dθ sin θ
9. perpendicular to and out of the page cor- 4 π a θ1
rect µ0 I
= ẑ (cos θ1 − cos θ2 )
4πa
10. along the positive +x-axis
where ẑ is the unit vector perpendicular to the
Explanation: plane of the paper that points to the reader.
From the Biot-Savart law we know that For the downward y-directed current, θ2 =
~ ∝ I d~l × r̂ . π
dB and θ1 = 0. For the horizontal x-directed
2
π
One should first verify that the magnetic field current θ2 = π and θ1 = .
at O contributed by any infinitesimal current 2
Thus we find the contribution at the point
element along the current configuration given O for the magnetic field from the long vertical
is perpendicular to the page, which is coming wire is same as in the long horizontal wire,
out of the page. Therefore the resulting mag- and the sum is equal to
netic field must also be pointing out of the
page.
~ = ẑ µ0 I (1 + 1)
B
4πa
018 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
Let I = 1.6 A and a = 0.94 m. µ0 I
What is the magnitude of the magnetic field = ẑ ,
2πa
at O due to the current configuration?
/noindent the same as in a long straight wire.
−7
Correct answer: 6.07795 × 10 T. Adding the contributions from the straight
Explanation: sections and the arc,
 
µ0 I µ0 I
Let : I = 1.6 A , and Btot = +
8a 2πa
a = 0.94 m . 
µ0 I 1 1

= +
Consider first the one-quarter of a circular 2a 4 π
arc. Since each current element is perpendic- (1.25664 × 10−6 T · m/A) (1.6 A)
ular to the unit vector pointing to O, we can =
2 (0.94 m)
write  
1 1
µ0
Z π/2
a dθ × +
Barc = I 4 π
4π 0 a2
µ0 π = 6.07795 × 10−7 T .
= I
4π 2a
µ0 I
= . Conceptual 17 Q01
8a
 Version 001 – review unit2 – chiu – (58655) 11
 
019 10.0 points µ0 I π 2
4. + correct
The figure represents two long, straight, par- 4π R h
allel wires extending in a direction perpendic- µ0 2I
ular to the page. The current in the right wire 5. (1 + π)
2π R
runs into the page and the current in the left  
µ0 I π 2
runs out of the page. 6. +
2π R h
 
µ0 I 2π 2
a b c 7. +
4π R h
 
µ0 I 2π 2
8. +
What is the direction of the magnetic field 2π R h
created by these wires at location a, b and c? Explanation:
(b is midway between the wires.) Examining the figure, we see that the semi-
circular section and the lower straight wire
1. up, zero, down contribute to |B|. The upper straight wire
portions have d~l k r̂, so do not contribute.
2. down, down, up Likewise, the short segment of length h ≪ L
may be neglected. Consequently, we have a
3. down, zero, up superposition of the magnetic fields of a half-
loop and a straight wire of length L,
4. down, up, down correct
~ = 1 µ0 2πI + µ0 2I
|B|
5. up, down, up 2 4π R 4πh
µ0 I π 2
6. up, up, down = +
4π R h
Explanation:
By the right-hand rule the right wire has AlnicoMagnetMI18x072
a clockwise field and the left wire a counter- 021 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
clockwise field. A particular alnico (aluminum, cobalt, nickel,
and iron) bar magnet (magnet A) has a mass
B of Asymmetric Loop 01 of 10 g. It produces a magnetic field of mag-
020 10.0 points nitude 6 × 10−5 T at a location 0.2 m from
the center of the magnet, on the axis of the
magnet.
Approximately what is the magnitude of
The circuit shown above consists of a bat- the magnetic field of magnet A a distance of
tery and a Nichrome wire and has a conven- 0.4 m from the center of the magnet, along
tional current I. At the center of the semi- the same axis? (You may assume that the
circle, what is the magnitude of the magnetic physical dimensions of the magnet are much
field? You may assume L ≫ h. smaller than the distances involved in the
problem.) Also, use
µ0 I
1. (2 + π) µ0
2π R = 1 × 10−7 T · m/A.
µ0 I 4π
2. (1 + π)
4π R
µ0 I Correct answer: 7.5 × 10−6 T.
3. (2 + π)
4π R Explanation:
 Version 001 – review unit2 – chiu – (58655) 12
The expression for the magnitude of the y
field of a magnetic dipole is

Bdipole  = µ0 2 µ .
 
4π r 3
x
One way to solve this is to find µ at r =
0.2 m and then solve for B at r = 0.4 m.
Alternately, note that B ∝ 1/r 3 , so B r 3 is a
constant: What is the magnitude of the magnetic field
at a distance of 11 cm along the positive x-
axis? The permeability of free space is 4 π ×
10−7 T · m/A . Assume the current density is
B1 r13 = B2 r23 constant throughout the conductor.
(6 × 10−5 T)(0.2 m)3 = (B)(0.4 m)3
Correct answer: 8.95694 × 10−8 T.
⇒ B = 7.5 × 10−6 T .
Explanation:
Basic Concepts: Magnetic Field due to a
Note that doubling the distance causes B
Long Cylinder
to change by a factor of (1/2)3 = 1/8.
µ0 I
022 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points B = .
2πr
If you removed the original magnet and re-
placed it with a magnet made of the same Principle of Superposition.
material but with a mass of 30 g (magnet B), Our goal is to model the given situation,
approximately what would be the magnetic which is complex and lacks symmetry, by
field at a location 0.2 m from the center of the adding together the fields from combinations
magnet, on the axis of the magnet? of simpler current configurations which to-
gether match the given current distribution.
Correct answer: 0.00018 T. The combination of the currents in Fig. 2 will
do so if we choose Icyl and Ihole correctly.
Explanation: y
Increasing the mass by a factor of 3 causes r Hole
r
the dipole moment to increase by a factor of y
3. This is like placing 3 identical magnets end 2
to end. As a result, B at r = 0.2 m increases
by a factor of 3, since B ∝ µ. Thus, x
+ x
4
Icyl = I
3 1
B = (3)(6 × 10−5 T) = 0.00018 T . Ihole = − I
3
Since the current is uniform, the current
I
Off Centered Hole density J = is constant. Then
A
023 10.0 points
A total current of 52 mA flows through an J = Icyl Acyl = −Ihole Ahole
infinitely long cylinderical conductor of radius
3 cm which has an infinitely long cylindrical π r2
r Clearly, Acyl = π r 2 , and Ahole = , so
hole through it of diameter r centered at 4
2 Icyl
along the x-axis as shown. Ihole = − .
4
 Version 001 – review unit2 – chiu – (58655) 13
Note: The minus sign means Ihole is flowing (N/2) as the original coil and half the length
in the direction opposite Icyl and I, as it must L/2 as the original coil. We are now left with:
if it is going to cancel with Icyl to model the (Ia) One coil with only a north pole and the
hole. other with only a south pole.
We also require I = Icyl + Ihole . We then (Ib) Two smaller coils, each with a North
4 1 end and a South end.
have Icyl = I, and Ihole = − I. With these
3 3 (Ic) Two coils that don’t make any mag-
currents, the combination of the two cylinders netic field when a current runs through them.
in figure 2 gives the same net current and
current distribution as the conductor in our
problem.
The magnetic fields are If the magnetic field created inside of one
  of the new coils (far from the ends) is B ′ , and
4 that created by the original coil is B (all other
µ0 I
3 parameters being the same), then which of
Bcyl =
2πx  the following relations is true?
1 (IIa) B ′ = B
µ0 − I B
3 (IIb) B ′ =
Bhole = , 2
2 π (x − r/2)
B
(IIc) B ′ =
so the total magnetic field is 8
′
(IId) B = 2B
Btotal = Bcyl + Bhole
 
1. Ia, IIa
µ0 I  4 1 
= −
6π x x− r 2. Ic, IIc
 2
µ0 I  3 x − 2 r  3. Ib, IIb
=
6π x x− r
 
2 4. Ic, IIa
(4 π × 10−7 T m/A) (52 mA)
= 5. Ic, IId
 6π 
 3 (11 cm) − 2 (3 cm)  6. Ia, IIb
×  
 3 cm 
(11 cm) 11 cm − 7. Ia, IId
2
= 8.95694 × 10−8 T . 8. Ic, IIb

keywords:
BreakingcoilMI
024 10.0 points
A current-carrying solenoidal coil of length
L is uniformly wound with N turns. Suppose
the coil is now cut into half, and the original
current is run through each of the resulting
new solenoids with half the number of turns
9. Ib, IIc
10. Ib, IIa correct
Explanation:
Magnetic strength of a coil is proportional
to N/L, where N is the total number of turns
and L is the length of the coil. When carrying
a current, each smaller coil still acts like a
magnetic dipole, so must have a North and a
South pole. Hence, Ib is correct.
 Version 001 – review unit2 – chiu – (58655) 14
Since magnetic field strength is propor- µ0 i (a2 + r12 − 2 b2 )
tional to N/L and this ratio does not change 10. B(r1 ) =
2 π r1 (a2 − b2 )
when the coil is divided, we still have B ′ = B. Explanation:
Hence, IIa is correct. Ampere’s Law states that the line inte-
I
gral ~ · d~ℓ around any closed path equals
B
Cable 01
025 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points µ0 I, where I is the total steady current pass-
The figure below shows a straight cylindrical ing through any surface bounded by the closed
coaxial cable of radii a, b, and c in which path.
equal, uniformly distributed, but antiparallel Considering the symmetry of this problem,
currents i exist in the two conductors. we choose a circular path, so Ampere’s Law
a simplifies to
iout ⊙ b B (2 π r1 ) = µ0 Ien ,
c
where r1 is the radius of the circle and Ien is
the current enclosed.
iin ⊗ For r1 < c,
µ0 Ien
O B=
F 2 π r1
π r12
 
E µ0 i 2
πc
D r1 =
2 π r1
r2  2
C r3 r1
µ0 i
r4 c2
=
2 π r1
Which expression gives the magnitude of µ0 i r 1
the magnetic field in the region r1 < c (at F )? = .
2 π c2
µ0 i
1. B(r1) = 026 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
2 π r1
Which expression gives the magnitude of the
µ0 i r 1
2. B(r1) = correct magnetic field in the region c < r2 < b (at
2 π c2 E)?
µ0 i r 1
3. B(r1) =
2 π b2 µ0 i (r22 − b2 )
1. B(r2 ) =
µ0 i (r12 − b2 ) 2 π r2 (a2 − b2 )
4. B(r1) = µ0 i
2 π r1 (a2 − b2 ) 2. B(r2 ) = correct
µ0 i (a2 − r12 ) 2 π r2
5. B(r1) = µ0 i (a2 + r22 − 2 b2 )
2 π r1 (a2 − b2 ) 3. B(r2 ) =
µ0 i (a2 − b2 ) 2 π r2 (a2 − b2 )
6. B(r1) = µ0 i r 2
2 π r1 (r12 − b2 ) 4. B(r2 ) =
µ0 i 2 π c2
7. B(r1) =
π r1 5. B(r2 ) = 0
µ0 i r 1
8. B(r1) = µ0 i r 2
2 π a2 6. B(r2 ) =
2 π b2
9. B(r1) = 0 µ0 i (a2 − b2 )
7. B(r2 ) =
2 π r2 (r22 − b2 )
 Version 001 – review unit2 – chiu – (58655) 15
IIb. B outside the solenoid is negligible
µ0 i (a2 − r22 ) compared to B inside.
8. B(r2) =
2 π r2 (a2 − b2 )
µ0 i 1. Ia, IIb
9. B(r2) =
π r2
µ0 i r 2 2. Ic, IIa
10. B(r2) =
2 π a2
3. Ib, IIa
Explanation:
For c < r2 < b,
4. Id, IIa
µ0 Ien
B= 5. Ic, IIb correct
2 π r2
µ0 (i) 6. Ie, IIb
=
2 π r2
µ0 i 7. Ie, IIa
= .
2 π r2
8. Ib, IIb
Ampere’s law and a long solenoid 9. Id, IIb
027 10.0 points
10. Ia, IIa
Explanation:
By inspection the correct Ampere’s law ex-
pression along the path specified is given by:
B d = µ0 ∆N I, where the condition that B
outside is negligible was used. So the correct
answer is the pair: Ic and IIb.  
µ0 ∆N I N
Consider a solenoid with the setup shown This leads to B = = µ0 I,
d L
in the figure. The total number of turns is which is the expected answer.
N within a total length L. Apply Ampere’s
law for the path along the boundary of the Exam3 22.P.31
rectangle shown, where the number of turns 028 10.0 points
within the gray area is given by ∆N . Choose The figure shows a large number N of closely
the correct pair of statements below. packed wires, each carring a current I out of
the page. The width of this shweet of wires is
L. Find B in the region between two parallel
current sheets with equal currents running in
Ia. B d = µ0 N I .
opposite directions.
Ib. 2 B d = µ0 N I .
Ic. B d = µ0 ∆N I .
Id. 2 B d = µ0 ∆N I .
Ie: B d = µ0 I .

IIa. B outside the solenoid has the same

magnitude as B inside and is opposite in di-
rection.
 Version 001 – review unit2 – chiu – (58655) 16
µ0 N I Therefore,
1. B =
2d I
µ0 d I ~ · d~l = 2Btop w = µ0 Iinside path
B
2. B =
2L  
2µ0 N I N
3. B = = µ0 wI
d L
µ0 d I
4. B = , since there are N/L current-carrying wires
L per meter, and a width w of the enclosing
µ0 N I path. So the top sheet contribution along is
5. B =
2L given by
2µ0 d I µ0 N I
6. B = Btop = .
L 2L
µ0 N I Based on the superposition principle, the
7. B = contributions between the two sheets are
d
2µ0 N I pointing in the same direction, they should
8. B = add. So we have the resultant magnetic field
L
µ0 N I µ0 N I
9. B = correct B = 2Btop = .
L L
Explanation:
From the diagram it is clear that there
is cancellation of the vertical components of Moving a Charge
magnetic field contributed by two wires to the 029 10.0 points
left and the right of the observagtion location. It takes 143 J of work to move 2.2 C of charge
Therefore the direction of the magnetic field from the negative plate to the positive plate
must be to the left above the current sheet of a parallel plate capacitor.
and to the right below : What voltage difference exists between the
plates?

Correct answer: 65 V.
Explanation:
We first work out the contribution to the
magnetic field due to the top wire sheet alone.
Let : W = 143 J and
Use Ampere’s law, and go counterclockwise
around the closed rectangular path. q = 2.2 C .
Along the sides of the path,
Z The voltage difference is
~ · d~l = 0
B W 143 J
V = = = 65 V .
q 2.2 C
~ is perpendicular to d~l.
, since B
Along the upper part of the path,
Z Delta V 01
~ · d~l = Btop w . 030 10.0 points
B
You move from location i at h5, 5, 2i m to
location f at h5, 4, 9i m. All along this path
Along the lower part of the path, ~ =
Z is a uniform electric field whose value is E
~ · d~l = Btop w . h900, 100, −700i N/C. Calculate ∆V = Vf −
B
Vi .
 Version 001 – review unit2 – chiu – (58655) 17
length of the insulator so that the compo-
Correct answer: 5000 V. nent of the electric field parallel to the axis is
negligible.
Explanation:
Recalling that
Z f
∆V = − ~ •d~l ,
E R
i r
and noting that E~ is uniform so that it may
come outside the integral, ∆V may be calcu-

ℓ
lated simply from −E~ •∆~l.

∆V = −E~ •∆~l
= −[Ex (fx − ix ) + Ey (fy − iy ) + Ez (fz − iz )]
The flux leaving the ends of the Gaussian
= 5000 V cylinder is negligible, and the only contribu-
tion to the flux is from the side of the cylinder.
Since the field is perpendicular to this surface,
Long Cylindrical Insulator the flux is Φs = 2 π r ℓ E and the charge en-
031 (part 1 of 3) 10.0 points closed by the surface is Qenc = π r 2 ℓ ρ .
Consider a long, uniformly charged, cylindri- Using Gauss’ law,
cal insulator of radius R and charge density
1.5 µC/m3 . Qenc
Φs =
ǫ0
π r2 ℓ ρ
2πrℓE =
ǫ0
R ρr
E=
2.4 cm 2 ǫ0
1.5 × 10−6 C/m3 (0.024 m)


=
2 (8.85419 × 10−12 C2 /N/m2 )
= 2032.94 N/C .

What is the electric field inside the insulator

at a distance 2.4 cm < R from the axis? The 032 (part 2 of 3) 10.0 points
volume of a cylinder with radius r and length Determine the absolute value of the potential
ℓ is V = π r 2 ℓ. The value of the permittivity difference between r1 and R, where r1 < R.
of free space is 8.85419 × 10−12 C2 /N/m2 . For r < R the electric field takes the form
E = C r, where C is positive.
Correct answer: 2032.94 N/C.
1
Explanation: 1. |V | = C (R − r1 ) r1
2
2. |V | = C (R − r1 ) r1
Let : ρ = 1.5 µC/m3 = 1.5 × 10−6 C/m3 ,  
1 1
r = 2.4 cm = 0.024 m , and 3. |V | = C −
r12 R2
ǫ0 = 8.85419 × 10−12 C2 /N/m2 .
4. |V | = C R2 − r12


Consider a cylindrical Gaussian surface of
radius r and length ℓ much less than the 5. |V | = C (R − r1 )
 Version 001 – review unit2 – chiu – (58655) 18
Intuitive Reasoning: The natural ten-
1 dency for a positive charge is to move from A
6. |V | = C R2 − r12 correct


2 to B, so A has a higher potential.
r1
7. |V | = C
2 MI17p099a
8. |V | = C r1 034 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
q An isolated parallel plate capacitor of area
9. |V | = C R2 − r12 A1 with an air gap of s1 is charged up to a
potential difference of V1i . A second parallel
plate capacitor is initially uncharged, has an
 
1 1
10. |V | = C − area A2 and a gap of length s2 filled with
r1 R
plastic whose dielectric constant is κ. Connect
Explanation:
a wire from the positive plate of the first
The potential difference between a point A
capacitor to one of the plates of the second
inside the cylinder a distance r1 from the axis
capacitor and connect another one from the
to a point B a distance R from the axis is
negative plate of the first capacitor to the
Z B Z R other plate of the second capacitor.
∆V = − ~ · ~ds = −
E E dr The initial voltage of the first capacitor
A r1 before connection is given by V1i . Denote
since E is radial, so the final potential differences of the first and
the second capacitors to be ∆V1f and ∆V2f
Z R R
r 2  respectively and the final field in the gap the
∆V = − C r dr = −C  second capacitor in presence of the dielectric
r1 2 r1
 2 be E2f . After the connection, let the charge
r2

R across the second capacitor be denoted by Q2 .
= −C − 1
2 2 Consider the following statements:
 2
R r12 
1 Ia. ∆V1f = ∆V2f
= C R2 − r12 .


|∆V | = C − Ib. ∆V1f > ∆V2f
2 2 2

033 (part 3 of 3) 10.0 points

What is the relationship between the poten- 1 Q2
tials Vr1 and VR ? IIa. E2f =
ǫ0 κ A2
1 Q2
1. Vr1 = VR IIb. E2f =
2ǫ0 κ A2
2. Vr1 > VR correct

3. None of these IIIa. ∆V2f = 2E2f s2

IIIb. ∆V2f = E2f s2
4. Vr1 < VR
1. Ib, IIa, IIIb
Explanation:
Since C > 0 and R > r1 , 2. Ib, IIb, IIIb
1
VB − VA = ∆V = − C R2 − r12 < 0 .


3. Ia, IIb, IIIa
2
Thus VB < VA and the potential is higher 4. Ib, IIb, IIIa
at point A where r = r1 than at point B,
where r = R . 5. Ia, IIa, IIIa
 Version 001 – review unit2 – chiu – (58655) 19

6. Ib, IIa, IIIa

1 Q2
7. Ia, IIb, IIIb IIa. E2f =
ǫ0 κ A
1 Q2
8. Ia, IIa, IIIb correct IIb. E2f =
2ǫ0 κ A
Explanation:
For the first capacitor alone, from Gauss
law it can be shown that κ
IIIa. ∆V1f = V1i
1+κ
1 Q V1i
E = = 1
ǫ0 A1 s1 IIIb. ∆V2f = V1i
1+κ
Solving for Q leads to: 1. Ib, IIb, IIIa
 
ǫ0 A1
Q = V1i 2. Ia, IIa, IIIa
s1
After the connection, say that the top plate 3. Ia, IIb, IIIa
of capacitor 1 is connected to the top plate of
capacitor 2, and bottom plate of 1 to that of 4. Ib, IIa, IIIb
the bottom plate of 2. By definition: ∆V1f =
∆V2f and the correct answer is Ia. 5. Ib, IIb, IIIb
Denote the plate charges to be Q1 and
Q2 . Analogous to solving for Q, we can simi- 6. Ib, IIa, IIIa
larly solve for the second capacitor with plate
charge Q2 with the presence of the dielectric 7. Ia, IIa, IIIb correct
K,
1 Q2 8. Ia, IIb, IIIb
E2f =
ǫ0 κ A2 Explanation:
Hence, the choice IIa is correct. The explanation for the choices of Ia and
The correct definition for the potential dif- IIa is the same as that given in part 1.
ference is given by ∆V2f = E2f s2 . Hence, Since the two potential differences are the
IIIb is the correct answer. same, we will refer to this common potential
difference as Vf . In terms of this common
035 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points potential difference Vf the total charge Q can
For this part of the problem, we will simplify be written as
the problem assuming that the two capacitors 
ǫ0 A
 
ǫ0 A

have identical geometry, i.e. A1 = A2 = A Q = Q1 + Q2 = Vf + κ Vf
s s
and s1 = s2 = s. There is still the dielectric
slab with dielectric constant κ in capacitor 2. Expressing Q in terms of V1i we obtain
Before the connection let the initial voltage
of the first capacitor by V1i . Denote the fi-
     
ǫ0 A ǫ0 A ǫ0 A
nal potential differences of the first and the V1i = Vf + κ Vf
s s s
second capacitor to be ∆V1f and ∆V2f . Af-
ter the connection, let the charge across the ǫ0 A
second capacitor be denoted by Q2 . On dividing through with the factor of
s
Consider the following statements: we have
Ia. ∆V1f = ∆V2f
Ib. ∆V1f > ∆V2f V1i = Vf + κVf = (1 + κ) Vf
 Version 001 – review unit2 – chiu – (58655) 20
 
1
Vf = V1i
1+κ
By definition, ∆V1f = Vf . So, IIIb is the


kQ
6R
correct answer.


4.
Potential Diagrams 01

036 10.0 points
Consider a conducting sphere with radius R
and charge +Q , surrounded by a conducting
spherical shell with inner radius 2 R, outer
radius 3 R and net charge +Q .
+Q
V
r
R 2R 3R
Explanation:
The charge on the inner sphere is +Q , con-
centrated on its surface. The induced charge
on the inner surface of the spherical shell is
−Q , so the charge on the outer surface of the
spherical shell is
Qnet − Qinner = +Q − (−Q) = +2 Q .

+Q

What potential vs radial distance diagram

describes this situation? +Q
Q on surface
−Q on surface
+Q 2 Q on surface

kQ

The potential within a conductor is con-

6R

stant and the electric field within a conductor



1.
is zero.
V

The potential for 3 R < R < ∞ (outside

the conductors) is
r
R 2R 3R    
+Q + (+Q) 2Q
Vr = k =k .


r r
kQ
6R

2. For 2 R ≤ r ≤ 3 R (inside the conducting



shell),
V

r 
2Q

R 2R 3R V3R = Vr = V2R = k .
correct
3R
For R < r < 2 R (between the conductors),

kQ
6R

 
+Q −Q 2 Q
3. Vr = k + +


r 2R 3R
V

 
1 1
r = kQ + .
R 2R 3R r 6R
 Version 001 – review unit2 – chiu – (58655) 21
For 0 < r ≤ R (inside the conducting
sphere), 9. Ia, IId

  10. Ib, IId

1 1 kQ
VR = Vr = V0 = k Q + =7 . Explanation:
R 6R 6R
The E-field at P points in the −î direction
and is nonzero. Using the Biot-Savart law, we
Mag. field of two moving charges ~ = q ~v ×r̂.
know that the B-field is given by B
037 10.0 points Thus, the B-field is in the −k̂ direction for
both the charges.

B of Moving Charge 01
038 10.0 points

Two equal and opposite charges are equidis-

tant from point P and are moving towards The electron in the figure is located at
each other with the same speed v. The charges the origin and traveling with velocity ~v =
and point P are all in the xy plane. h1.2 × 106 , 2.1 × 106 , 0i m/s. What is Bz at
The E-field at point P point A = (1 × 10−10 , 0, 0) m?
Ia) Is not the zero vector Correct answer: 3.36 T.
Ib) Is the zero vector
Explanation:
The B-field at point P This is a straightforward application of the
Biot-Savart Law. For Bz , we have
IIa) Is in the +k̂ direction
IIb) Is in the −k̂ direction µ0 q
Bz = (vx |r̂y | − vy |r̂x |) .
IIc) Is in the +ĵ direction 4π r 2
IId) Is in the −ĵ direction
IIe) Is the zero vector Inserting the values of the problem, this be-
comes
1. Ia, IIe µ0 −e
Bz = (−vy )
2. Ia, IIb correct 4π rx2
µ0 evy
=
3. Ib, IIb 4π rx2
= 3.36 T
4. Ib, IIc

5. Ia, IIa WireAndCompassMI18p057

039 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
6. Ib, IIe When you bring a current-carrying wire down
onto the top of a compass, aligned with the
7. Ia, IIc original direction of the needle and 7 mm
above the needle, the needle deflects by 13
8. Ib, IIa degrees, as in the figure below.
 Version 001 – review unit2 – chiu – (58655) 22

13◦ Correct answer: 0.161608.

BEarth Explanation:
Ultimately, we want to use the expression
µ0 2 I
Bwire =
4π r
Wire to find the current in the wire. We know r,
but not Bwire yet. To find Bwire , we can use
Assuming the compass needle was origi- what we know about the Earth’s magnetic
nally pointing toward the north, what direc- field and the deflection of the compass needle.
tion is the conventional current traveling in Consider the following simple diagram:
the wire, and what is the direction of the
~ wire
B
force on the compass needle due to the mag-
netic field caused by the current in the wire?
~ Earth
B Needle
1. North, West

2. North, East

3. South, East correct From this drawing, we can write down

4. South, West Bwire

tan θ =
Explanation: BEarth
We just need to think about how the com- ⇒ Bwire = BEarth tan θ
pass needle responds to the presence of the ≈ (2 × 10−5 T) tan 13◦
current-carrying wire to answer this question.
Since the compass needle deflects to the east, = 4.61736 × 10−6 T .
that is the direction of the magnetic force on
Now we simply rearrange the expression
the needle due to the current in the wire. To
above to find the current:
decide which way current is traveling in the
wire, we use the right hand rule. Your fingers
should point toward the east, so in order for Bwire r
I=
your fingers to curl around the wire and point
 
µ0
toward the east, your thumb must point to- 2
4π
ward the south. So the current is traveling
(4.61736 × 10−6 T)(7 mm)
toward the south. =
2(1 × 10−7 Tm/A)
040 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points = 0.161608 A .
Calculate the amount of current flowing in
the wire. The measurement was made at a FieldOfLongWireMI18p062
location where the horizontal component of 041 10.0 points
the Earth’s magnetic field is A long current-carrying wire, oriented North-
South, lies on a table (it is connected to bat-
BEarth = 2 × 10−5 T. teries which are not shown). A compass lies
on top of the wire, with the compass needle
Use about 3 mm above the wire. With the cur-
µ0
= 1 × 10−7 Tm/A. rent running, the compass deflects 9 ◦ to the
4π
 Version 001 – review unit2 – chiu – (58655) 23
West. At this location, the horizontal com-
ponent of the Earth’s magnetic field is about
2 × 10−5 T.

What is the magnitude of the magnetic field A bar magnet is aligned east - west, with
at location A, on the table top, a distance its center L = 0.32 m from the center of a
2.7 cm to the East of the wire, due only to the compass as shown in the above figure. The
current in the wire? compass is observed to deflect 50◦ away from
north as shown, and the horizontal compo-
Correct answer: 3.52 × 10−7 T. nent of the Earth’s magnetic field is known to
be 2×10−5 tesla.
Explanation: Approximately how many atoms are
in the bar magnet, assuming that one
atom has a magnetic dipole moment of
let : Bearth = 2 × 10−5 T , 9.268 × 10−24 Am2 .
rcompass = 3 mm = 0.003 m ,
Correct answer: 4.213 × 1023 .
rA = 2.7 cm = 0.027 m , and
Explanation:
θ = 9 ◦.
The magnitude of the B-field is given by
The magnetic field due to a wire is
~ = |B
|B| ~ E | tan θ ≈ (2×10−5 ) tan 50◦
µ0 2 I
B=
4π r ~ ≈ 2.3835×10−5 T
B = |B|
Bcompass The magnetic dipole moment is given by
Since tan(θ) = , Bcompass =
Bearth ~ |~r|3
Bearth tan(θ). By writing the equation for |B| B L3
|~µ| =   =  
the magnetic field of a wire for the compass µ0 µ0
2 2
and for point A and dividing the two equa- 4π 4π
tions, we obtain
(2.3835 × 10−5 )(0.32 m)3
|~µ| = = 3.905 Am2
rcompass 2(1 × 10−7 )
BA = Bcompass
rA The no. of atoms in the bar magnet is given
rcompass by
= Bearth tan(θ)
rA
0.003 m µ 3.905 Am2
= (2 × 10−5 T) tan(9 ◦ ) N = = = 4.213 × 1023
0.027 m µatom 9.268 × 10−24 Am2
= 3.52 × 10−7 T .
Conceptual 24 Q08
043 10.0 points
number of atoms A normal piece of iron produces no exter-
042 10.0 points nal magnetic field. Suppose a piece of iron
 Version 001 – review unit2 – chiu – (58655) 24
consisted of one very large domain instead of B
2.
many small ferromagnetic domains. µ0 I
Would this piece of iron produce an external B
magnetic field? 3.
2µ0 I
1
1. No. It does not create magnetic field at 4.
all. 2d
B
5.
2. Yes. It creates magnetic field. correct 4µ0 I
1
3. No. It does not create magnetic field 6.
d
because the net magnetic field is zero. 2
7.
Explanation: d
In normal iron, each domain acts like a 4B
8.
small bar magnet. However, the random ori- µ0 I
entation of the domains causes cancellation Explanation:
and there would be no cancellation and it Using Ampere’s law, it is easy to obtain
would create magnetic field. the magnetic field due to the sheet of wire at
a point above (or below) the sheet, in terms
WireSheetDensityMI of the number density n of the wires. On
044 10.0 points inverting this algebraic expression, we can get
In the figure below, a large number of the number density in terms of the magnetic
closely-spaced wires parallel to the z-axis form field. We proceed in the following manner.
a ‘sheet of current’ in the xz plane, with each First, we shall choose a rectangular closed
wire carrying a current I in the +z direction path as shown in the figure.
(out of the plane of the figure). It is known
that the magnitude of magnetic field at point
P shown in figure is B. What is the algebraic
expression for the number density of the sheet
(number of wires per unit distance along the
x-axis)? You can assume the dimensions of
the sheet to be infinite in both x and z direc-
tions (implying that there are a large number
of these closely-packed wires and they are all
very long). In the figure, +x points to the
right, +y points upwards and +z points out Using right hand rule and symmetry, it is
of the plane of the figure, towards you. straightforward to show that the magnetic
field due to the sheet points to left at P and
right at Q and has the same magnitude B at
any point on the top and bottom sides of the
rectangle. Now applying Ampere’s law, we
get B in the following manner.
Z
~ = µ0 Ienclosed
~ dl
B.

Bx + 0 + Bx + 0 = µ0 I n x
2B
1. correct µ0 nI
µ0 I B =
2
 Version 001 – review unit2 – chiu – (58655) 25
From this, the number density can be ob- gives the easiest solution. Consider a circle
2B of radius r1 centered around the center of
tained as n = .
µ0 I the shell. To use Ampere’s law we need the
amount of current that cuts through this circle
Cylindrical Shell of Current
of radius r1 . To get this, we first need to
045 10.0 points
compute the current density, for the current
A long cylindrical shell has a uniform current
flowing through the shell.
density. The total current flowing through
the shell is 11 mA.
The permeability of free space is I
J=
1.25664 × 10−6 T · m/A . A
I
=
m π rb2
− π ra2
17 k (11 mA)
7 cm =
π [(0.07 m)2 − (0.03 m)2 ]
3 cm = 0.875352 A/m2 .
b
The current enclosed within the circle is
The current
is 11 mA . Ienc = π [r12 − ra2 ] · J
Find the magnitude of the magnetic field at = π [(0.041 m)2 − (0.03 m)2 ]
a point r1 = 4.1 cm from the cylindrical axis. × (0.875352 A/m2 )
= 0.00214775 A .
Correct answer: 10.4768 nT.
Ampere’s Law,
Explanation:
I
Let : L = 17 km , ~ · d~s = µ0 Ienc
B
ra = 3 cm = 0.03 m , B 2 π r1 = µ0 Ienc
rb = 7 cm = 0.07 m , µ0 Ienc
r1 = 4.1 cm = 0.041 m , B=
2 π r1
I = 11 mA , and 1.25664 × 10−6 T · m/A
=
µb = 1.25664 × 10−6 T · m/A . 2 π (0.041 m)
× (0.00214775 A)
= 10.4768 nT .
L
rb

ra
b

The current
I = 11 mA .

Since the cylindrical shell is infinitely long,

and has cylindrical symmetry, Ampere’s Law