E-Shaped Patch Antenna with Five Resonances
Ayse KansÕz, Salih YÕlmaz
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Ozyegin University
Istanbul, Turkey
ayse.kansiz@ozu.edu.tr,
salih.yilmaz@ozu.edu.tr
Abstract — In this paper, we designed, simulated, built and
test ‘E- shaped patch antenna with five resonances’ that gives 9
dB radiation pattern gain. Our simulation and experimental
investigation aimed to understand the behavior of the two
slits. The first frequency is 4.64GHz with 8.5dB gain the second
frequency is 5.3GHz with 7.10dB gain, the third frequency is
10.1GHz with 9dB, the fourth is 12.9GHz with 9.62dB gain and the
last frequency is 15.0 GHz with 8.63dB gain.
Keywords— Antenna; Microstrip patch antenna; E shape patch
I. INTRODUCTION
Slot antennas are known very good radiators and have been
widely used in wireless communication devices planar
constructions and array syntheses, MMICs. The substrate is a
microwave substrate backed by a foam material, and for ease
of fabrication. The microstrip line is laid symmetrically on the
substrate strip. E shape patch antenna made up and
experimentally ascertained for operation in AWS, GSM and
WLAN [1]. Microstrip antenna arrays are widely used
in many applications, such as satellite and wireless
communications, radar, missiles, ISM BAND etc. [2].
Microstrip antennas also suffer from narrow impedance
bandwidth, which can be improved significantly by employing
coupled resonator structures such as stacked microstrip
antennas or U- and E-slots-Loaded patches [1], [2]. Different
patch structures such as E shaped are used for improved
bandwidth of the antenna. [3]. Both E-shape and U-slot-
Loaded single-layer rectangular microstrip patch antennas
have shown the potential to provide 2:1 VSWR impedance
bandwidths of 30%-35% on electrically thick substrate
materials [1]-[4]. Wideband directed dipole antennas cannot
easily maintain a stable radiation pattern over the operating
frequency range [5]. There are several techniques in order to
get maximum gain in spite of narrow bandwidth and difficulty
of operating frequency range. Modifying the shape or by
inserting a single or double shorting wall to the antenna are
efficient at receiving good gain. The main goals of the research
work and literature related to the patch antenna are focusing
on achieving bands, improving the impedance bandwidth
performance and stable gain [6]. The simulation program used
in this paper is Sonnet Suites [7].
II. DESIGN PARAMETERS
Top view of the E shape microstrip patch antenna is
seen in figure 1.The feeding line is close to the top of the
antenna. As it can be seen in the figure, the length of the H1 is
19mm, H2 is 17.5mm, H3 is 6mm and H4 is 1.5mm. The
width of the antenna, W1 is 49mm, W2 is 16.5mm W3 is
5mm, and separation width, W4 is 5.5mm. Air thickness is
10mm and air Er is 1.0. Substrate thickness is 0.76m, Er is
2.94. Box is 495- 255. The total size of the antenna is 49x25.
Table 1 demonstrates a parametric study in order to increase
the gain. The distance between the top point of the antenna and
the top point of the feeding line is varying. It provides good
impedance matching and higher bandwidth.
III. SIMULATION AND MEASUREMENT RESULTS
Taha Imeci
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Istanbul Commerce University
Istanbul, Turkey
timeci@ticaret.edu.tr
According to millimeter changes in antenna size, we have
observed parametric changes in the antenna's S11 in used
frequencies. The results of these observations, we can observe a
decrease and increases according to margin of error in the
production stage in the frequency of 5. For instance, when the
value of the h1 is decreased 1mm, antenna is not work in the
values of 4.64 and 12.9 GHz but we observe that the gain of
antenna is increased in the 10.1 GHz. in 15.0 GHz it cannot seen
evident changes. When the dimension of the h1 is increased, the
gain is decreased in 4.64, 10.1, 12.9GHz and antennas are
unavailable. In 4.64, 5.3 GHz, the 1mm decline in the h2, the
gain decreased slightly. It is seen that in 10.1, S11 is decreased.
In 12.9, antenna does not work but in15.0ghz, the value of the
s11 is increased. The 1mm increasing of the h2 does not affect
4.64, 5.3 and 10.1 GHz but the antenna is unavailable in the 12.9
and 15.0 GHz. The reduction of h3 does not affect any
frequency negatively. The increase h3 affects only S11 in the
10.1 GHz a little bit negatively. The 1mm increase in h4 has no
effect in 4.64GHz and 15.0 GHz but it affects other frequencies
negatively. The reduction in the h4 value caused of decrease in
all of frequencies. The 1mm reduction and increase in w1 value
affected all frequencies negatively. The decrease in w2 affected
to 4.64, 12.9 and 5.3 GHz negatively but the frequency in 10.1
does not change. The increase in w2 does not affect 4.64 and 5.3
GHz but it decreases the other frequencies’ values. The
reduction in w3 decrease the S11 of 4.64 and it affects 5.3 and
12.9 values dramatically. The increase of w3 value affected only
15.0 and 4.64 GHz but it decreased the values of other
frequencies. The 2mm decreasing on the air affected to S11
positively but it affected gain a little bit negatively. The 2mm
increase on the air cause of S11 and gain losses in all values.
The air to 10 gives us maximum result. As it is shown in figure 2
and figure 3, simulated gain and input match (S11) agree well
with measurement. Measured gains other than 12.9 GHz were
not plotted because of their lower measurement values. That
might be a fabrication error of some substrate etching problems
as seen in Figure 1.
Fig 1.Top view of the antenna.
 IV. CONCLUSION
In this work, E--shaped patch antenna with five resonances (4.64
Ghz, 5.3Ghz, 10.1 Ghz, 12.9 Ghz, 15.0 Ghz), edge-fed, E shape
microstrip patch antenna was designed, simulated built and
tested in order to meet the design specifications. As seen in
parametric studies, it can be achieved better results by playing
with the size in the desired frequency range. A distinctive feature
of the E shape microstrip antenna is working of many
frequencies. Measurement results agree well with simulation
results for most frequencies of S11, but the only significant
measured gain was obtained at 12.9 GHz. The reason might be
the problem of the milling machine used to etch the antenna as
seen in Figure 1.

REFERENCES

[1] R. Garg, P. Bhartia, 1. Bahl, and A. ittipiboon, Microstrip Antenna

Design Handbook. Boston, MA: Artech House, 2001.
Fig. 2. Gain of the antenna at 12.9 GHz. [2] F. Yang and Y. Rahmat-Samii, "Wide-band E-shaped patch antennas
for wireless communications," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 49,
no. 7, pp. 1094-1100, Jul. 2001
[3] A.Gupta, R.K.Prasad, D.K.Srivastava, “Design and Analysis of Dual-
Band C-Shaped Microstrip Patch Atenna” in International Journal of
Advances in Engineering & Technology, Sept 2012. pp. 311-312.
[4] J.A Ansari, N.P.Yadar, P.Singh and A.Mishra, “Broadband Rectangular
Microstrip Antenna Loaded With Double U-Shaped Slot” in
International Journal of Microwave and Optical Technology, pp 1011-
1016, July 2011,
[5] H.T.Hui and Edward K.N.Yung “Study of a dielectric-loaded slot antenna
fed by a finite- width substrate microstrip line” in Radio Science, pp
1389-1400, November-December 1999
[6] H.F.Abutarbaoush, D.Budimur, R.Nilavolan and H.S.Al-Raweshidy,
“Connected U-Slots Patch Antenna for Wimax Applications” in
International Journal of RF & Microwave CAE, pp. 1-2,
London,England.
[7] Sonnet Suites, version 16.52, www.sonnetsoftware.com.
Fig. 3. S11 of the antenna

TABLE 1. PARAMETRIC CHANGES

4.64 Ghz 5.3Ghz 10.1 Ghz 12.9 Ghz 15.0 Ghz

mm S11 Gain S11 Gain S11 Gain S11 Gain S11 Gain
H1 18 -1.41 8.5 -5.87 6.67 -27.3 9 -1.61 5.24 -9.33 7.1
H1 20 -1.17 3.9 -8.41 7.06 -1.96 2.5 -2.61 9.15 -8.64 8.26
H2 16.5 -6.91 7.65 -7.32 6.94 -17.9 8.75 -0.38 5.9 -14.2 7.94
H2 18.5 -9.39 7.7 -9.31 6.95 -7 8.69 -2.98 8.24 -4.24 7.83
H3 5 -6.60 7.71 -6.93 6.93 -11.7 8.66 -9.40 8.89 -13.5 8.02
H3 7 -8.78 7.65 -7.87 6.97 -6.36 8.79 -10.0 8.92 -7.90 7.80
H4 0.5 -4.73 7.55 -2.88 7.03 -5.21 8.20 -4.56 9.62 -4.29 7.65
H4 1.4 -7.5 7.46 -7.76 6.93 -11.6 8.42 -9.76 9.35 -8.96 7.88
H4 1.6 -7.63 7.47 -7.17 6.90 -11.1 8.50 -7.98 9.23 -10.1 7.91
H4 2.5 -7.79 7.64 -4.68 6.92 -4.20 9.16 -1.34 8.39 -13.1 7.85
W1 15.5 -5.49 8.02 -1.12 6.87 -1.92 6.94 -2.49 8.29 -3.44 5.58
W1 16.2 -6.91 7.67 -5.85 7.01 -5.35 8.98 -6.87 9.25 -5.72 7.71
W1 16.8 -7.97 7.12 -3.88 6.79 -6.98 6.64 -5.76 9.13 -5.79 6.67
W1 17.5 -5.37 5.67 -0.91 6.37 -1.96 0.48 -1.45 6.88 -28.7 2.42
W2 4 -5.82 7.70 -5.22 6.89 -8.92 8.88 -6.15 9.10 -11.2 8.08
W2 4.6 -6.75 7.48 -6.41 6.90 -10.5 8.51 -8.53 9.35 -10.2 7.93
W2 5.2 -8.02 7.45 -8.12 6.94 -11.8 8.44 -8.62 9.25 -9.26 7.88
W2 6 -10.7 7.63 -9.07 7.03 -6.19 8.62 -5.73 8.74 -6.00 7.76
W3 4.5 -7.24 7.71 -6.11 6.81 -10.1 8.77 -1.60 9.33 -8.73 8.04
W3 6.5 -7.55 7.60 -6.16 7.10 -4.69 8.78 -0.84 5.09 -9.76 7.87
Air 8 -9.39 7.1 -9.04 6.62 -10.7 9.41 -9.74 9.15 -10.3 8.63
Air 10 -8.07 7.7 -8.21 6.9 -10.8 8.7 -9.1 8.9 -9.74 7.5
Air 12 -7.41 7.98 -7.85 7.07 -9.99 8.18 -8.89 8.70 -9.18 7.59