Firth and CCANZ Concrete Masonry Walls Requirements For Partitions May 2016

Concrete Masonry Construction
Concrete Masonry Walls &

Requirements for Par titions
P r es en ted by :
Ra l f Ke s s e l Ar c h i te ct (N Z I A + G e r m a ny )
C e m e n t & C o n cr e t e A s s o ci a t i o n o f N ew Z e al an d
&
F I RT H I n d u s t r i e s
FIRTH Industries l www.firth.co.nz Cement & Concrete Association of New Zealand l www.ccanz.org.nz
1. What is Concrete Masonry? 7. Intertenancy Partitions
2. NZ Standards 8. Sound Performance
3. Foundation 9. Fire Performance
4. Walls 10. Durability
5. Bracing 11. Summary
6. Weathertightness
Concrete Masonry Construction What is Concrete Masonry?
1
1 What is Concrete Masonry?
1
CONCRETE BLOCKS :
Block height - 200 mm nominal height, 190 mm actual height
Block length - 400 mm nominal length, 390 mm actual length
Block width -
10 series: 100 mm nominal, 90 mm actual
MORTAR : bonded together by 10 mm cement mortar beddings
REBAR : structural Walls must be reinforced (eg. NZS 4229, Table 8.2.)
GROUT : infill to bonding reinforcement with wall
1
1
Running Bond and Stack Bond
1
Stack Bond
1
Testing
• To AS/NZS 4456
1
1. Natural
2. Colour
3. Split
4. Honed
5. Veneer
Details available on www.firth.co.nz
1
1. Natural
2. Colour
3. Split
4. Honed
5. Veneer
1
1. Natural
2. Colour
3. Split
4. Honed
5. Veneer
1
1. Natural
2. Colour
3. Split
4. Honed
5. Veneer
1
1. Natural
2. Colour
3. Split
4. Honed
5. Veneer
1
1. Natural
2. Colour
3. Split
4. Honed
5. Veneer
www.herbstarchitects.co.nz
1
1. Natural
2. Colour
3. Split
4. Honed
5. Veneer
Concrete Masonry Construction Standards providing guidance to masonry construction
2
2 Standards providing guidance to masonry construction
2
The following presentation contains material of NZS 4229:2013 –

Concrete masonry buildings not requiring specific engineering design.
This material has been provided by Standards New Zealand under licence 001131.
2
New Zealand Standards Standards providing guidance to masonry construction :
NZS 4210:2001 Masonry construction: Materials and workmanship

- Concrete, clay and natural stone
NZS 4229:2013 Concrete Masonry Buildings not requiring Specific Engineering Design
- has to comply with NZS 4210
NZS 4230:2004 Design of Reinforced Masonry Structures

- Covers masonry design that falls outside NZS 4229 scope
Other related Standards, e.g. NZS 3604, NZS 1170 etc.
2
NZS 4210:2001 Masonry construction: Materials and workmanship
• Cements, Aggregates, Water and Admixtures • Hot and cold weather construction
• Material storage and handling • Tolerances
• Initial preparation • Chases, recesses, penetrations
• Laying the units • Bracing during construction
• Reinforcement and placing • Masonry strength
• Control joints • Veneers
• Grouting • Testing
• Cleaning out • Maintenance
2
Observation by design engineer or LBP- Level B, NZS 4230
2
Scope:
2
Scope:
2
Observation by design engineer or LBP- Level B, NZS 4230
• Up to 2 ½ stories, max. 600m²
• Site Requirements
• Bracing
• Foundation
• Slab on Ground
• Walls
APPENDIX
• Diaphragms
• Retaining walls
• Bond beams
• Lintels, Columns • Cantilevered walls
• Shrinkage • Design examples
2
NZS 4230:2004 Design of Reinforced Masonry Structures - Observation by engineer - Level A, NZS 4230
• Design requirements, material properties APPENDIX

• Design for durability • Prestressed masonry
• Design for fire resistance • Compressive strengths
• Reinforcement • Bolted connections
• Structural walls • Partial fill requirements
• Beam-column joints • Specific design for small buildings
• Secondary structural elements • Veneers
Concrete Masonry Construction Foundation
3
3 Foundation
3
Rebate required if partially filled walls except EIFS or veneer installed (CCANZ CP 01).
Concrete Masonry Construction Bracing
9
1. 200 block fully filled
Table 6.1
2.5m gable height

2. Light roof
Figure 6.1
9
4.6 kN/m2 x 2.5m = 11.5 kN/m , for gable end add 4.6 kN/m2 x 2.5m/ 2 = 5.75 kN/m Total = 17.25 kN/m
9
add 4.2 kN/m
to long side’s wall weight of 11.5 kN/m
= 15.7 kN/m
4.2 kN/m
Gable wall = 17.25 kN/m
larger weight governs
3
Added weight of walls,
upper floors,
Roof, etc. = 17.25 kN/m
3
2 / D 12 Starter Bar
R6 @ 600mm ctrs
Concrete Masonry Construction Walls
4
4 Walls
4
Mortar + block strength
12.5 Mpa
Tooling of joints
Void for grout fill Reinforcing
Even if wall is to be plastered
Block
Mortar bed
Vertical joints must be no less
than the width of the face shell
Mortar
Grouting
Compaction required for total
cavity filling, 17.5 MPa
4
• Vertical steel is
prefixed to starter
bars.
Upside down
block at
• Could be tied to
bottom
starter bars later
through clean out
openings.
• Horizontal steel is
fixed during
Starter bar blocklaying
Clean out opening
4
Vertical bars shall be provided:
- at all corners and ends of walls

- on each side of wall openings > 400 mm
- either side of shrinkage control joints
Horizontal bars shall be provided:
- immediately below and above openings and anchored
4
Reinforcement:
Structural walls shall be centrally reinforced, horizontally and vertically.
4
Reinforcement:
Where solid fill is used
the spacing of horizontal reinforcing
shall be reduced to 1.2 m.
Concrete Masonry Construction Grouting
5
Grout specification
As per NZS 4210

Strength usually 17.5 MPa but
for durability requirements near
coast 25 MPa [ Sea spray zone ]
Special Expanding Admixture

may be specified
Workability is measured by
Spread (not slump)
450 mm to 530 mm
5
FOUR methods in NZS 4210:
1. High lift grouting with expansive admixtures (3.6m)
2. High lift grouting without expansive admixture (1.2m)
3. Low lift grouting (1.2m)
4. High lift grouting with reduced compaction (2.4m)
Preferred method:
1. High Lift grouting with expansive admixture
5
High Lift Grout with Expansive Admixture
Step 1
Clean out grout spaces
Step 2
Add expansion admixture
to grout.
Grout wall in a semi

continuous operation to a
max height of 3.6m
5
High Lift Grout with Expansive Admixture
Step 3
Consolidate the grout
Step 4
Wait for expansion and
then trowel down top
after expansion
Concrete Masonry Construction Shrinkage
6
@ ≤ 600mm of L-shaped corners or at ≤ 3.2m at both sides of the L.

@ ≤ 600mm of return angle of T- and U- shaped floors.
@ Changes in wall height exceeding 600mm
@ Changes in wall thickness
Concrete Masonry Construction Shrinkage
6
Wall Reinforcement Discontinuous - NZS 4229 Fig 12.2
CONTINUOUS Reinforcement at Bond Beams and Lintels ! !
6
5 Bracing
6
Earthquake and wind bracing - to resist earthquakes and winds
Braced wall panel - wall used for bracing:

Maximum allowed opening 400 mm x 400 mm
Maximum height 3m
Minimum length 800 mm
Bracing unit (BU) - Unit of force used to value the overall bracing performance of a panel
1 BU = 5kg, 20 BU = 1kN (200 BU = 1 t or 10kN)
6
Bracing line - Line drawn along a bracing wall:
Is parallel to external walls

Shall be within 1 m of a bracing wall
Spaced at no more than 6 m centres unless bond beam is provided
≥ 60% of total required BUs (and at least 100 Bus)
or ≥ 30% of total required BUs if other line provides 100%
6
Earthquake bracing demand (EQbd) is determined by:
EQ zone from NZS 4229:2013, Table 4.1
Subsoil Type from NZS 4229:2013, Table 4.3
Floor level considered as per NZS 4229:2013, Table 4.3
Dead loads (roofing as per NZS 4229:2013, Table 4.3)
Live loads NZS 4229, Table 4.3 considers already 2 kPa
Footprint size
6
1. Located in Wellington
Table 4.1
2.5m gable height

2. 200 block fully filled
Table 6.1
3. Roof light
Figure 6.1
4. Subsoil Class C
Table 4.3
6
Wellington 3
6
EQ: NZS 4229, T 4.3 - Floor level, Dead loads (roof), Live loads (floors), EQ zone, Subsoil Class
28 x 1.4 = 39.2 BU/m2

39.2 x 0.79 = 31 BU/m2
102.4 m2 x 31 BU/m2 = 3174 BUs
6
6
1.4
398
6
Combined bracing lines have to achieve calculated BUs (across & aligned) = 3174.
Add BU for one bracing line up!

Exp: Line A: 820 + 398 + 398 + 820 = 2436
Each bracing line shall achieve at least 60% of total BUs.

Exp: ≥ 60% of 3174 = 1904
Concrete Masonry Construction Weathertightness
6
6 Weathertightness
6
CCANZ CP 01: 2014
CITED: NZBC E2/AS3
W W W. C C A N Z . O R G . N Z
(FREE DOWNLOAD)
6
Wall construction types:
A1 - Concrete masonry - Internal insulation
A2 - Concrete masonry - EIFS
A3 - Concrete masonry - Integral insulation
A4 - Concrete masonry - Masonry veneer
B1 - Insitu concrete - Internal insulation
B2 - Insitu concrete - EIFS
B3 - Insitu concrete - Integral insulation
C1 - Precast concrete - Internal insulation
C2 - Precast concrete - EIFS, and
C3 - Precast concrete - Integral insulation
6
1. EIFS - Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems
2. Plaster Systems
3. Pigmented Coatings
4. Clear Sealers
5. Masonry Veneer
6
EIFS
Exterior Insulation
and
Finish Systems
Foundation
6
EIFS
Exterior Insulation
and
Finish Systems
Deck / Wall Joint
6
EIFS
Exterior Insulation
and
Int. moisture seal
Finish Systems
Insulation strip
Ext. moisture seal
Seal,edge
Drip eg. compression tape
Render end section
jamb
head
6
EIFS
Window – EIFS sill
6
Veneer
6
Wall ties
Type and location as per NZS 4210
Ties to be fully embedded in mortar
Typical spacing-
600mm horizontally x 400mm vertically
except stack bond

Stack bond requires specific design
6
Table 5 Masonry veneer area/tie
Earthquake Area of masonry veneer attached to each Type B veneer tie of the duty specified (m2)
zone Veneer less than 180 kg/m2 Veneer 180 kg/m2 – 220 kg/m2
EL EM EH EL EM EH
1 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.20 0.24 0.24
2 0.16 0.24 0.24 0.13 0.20 0.24
3 0.11 0.16 0.24 0.09 0.13 0.24
4 0.08* 0.12 0.23 0.07* 0.11 0.22
* Some small veneer areas may be impracticable.

NOTES:
a) The earthquake zones are as defined in NZS 4229, section 4.2.
b) Type B veneer ties are specified in AS/ NZS 2699.1, section 1.4.15.2.
c) EL, EM, EH = Earthquake classification of Type B ties in accordance with AS/ NZS 2699.1, 2.7.3.
d) Minimum strengths for tie fixings to blockwork are: 0.5 kN (EL), 0.75 kN (EM), and 1.5 kN (EH).
e) The horizontal tie spacing multiplied by the vertical tie spacing selected shall be equal or less than the area of masonry veneer given for the
earthquake zone and the veneer mass. The maximum spacing of ties shall be 600 mm horizontal and 400 mm vertical.
f) Using higher strength ties does not permit the maximum spacing of ties to be increased.
g) Ties shall be face fixed to blockwork or fully embedded in the structural masonry wall joint.
6
Veneer
Window - ventilated cavity jamb
6
Veneer
Window - ventilated cavity head
6
Veneer
Window - ventilated cavity sill
6
Solid to light weight
Veneer- horizontal section
6
Veneer - vertical section
6
EIFS - horizontal section
6
EIFS - vertical section
6
Plaster, coating - horizontal section
6
Plaster, coating - vertical
6
Maintenance
Wash exterior surfaces to remove dirt and mould at least once in a year.
Inspect surfaces and junctions at least once in a year.
Repair cracks and surface defects, and recoat as soon as discovered.
Inspect sealants annually and replace sealants as necessary.
Inspect paints annually, recoat at least every 10 years.
Inspect clear sealers annually, recoat at least every 5 years.
Maintain required clearances as shown in the details in section 9 of CP 01.
Concrete Masonry Construction Intertenancy Partitions
8
8 Intertenancy Partions
INTERTENANCY WALLS - VERTICAL BARRIER BETWEEN RESIDENTIAL UNITS
LOAD BEARING OR NON LOAD BEARING
INTERTENANCY FLOORS - HORIZONTAL BARRIER BETWEEN RESIDENTIAL UNITS
LOAD BEARING - ALWAYS
INTERTENANCY WALLS
REQUIREMENTS:
1 Sound Barrier
INTERTENANCY FLOORS
REQUIREMENTS:
1 Impact Sound
INTERTENANCY WALLS + FLOORS
REQUIREMENTS:
2 Fire Protection
REQUIREMENTS:
3 Light and vision proof
REQUIREMENTS:
4 Impact resistant
INTERTENANCY WALLS
REQUIREMENTS:
5 Durable against moisture and water
INTERTENANCY FLOORS
REQUIREMENTS:
Concrete Masonry Construction INTERTENANCY WALLS
REQUIREMENTS:
6 Capable to support fixtures
REQUIREMENTS:
7
eg
Security,
buglarproof
INTERTENANCY PARTITIONS
REQUIREMENTS:
1 Sound barrier, (airborne)
2 Fire protection
3 Light and vision proof
4 Impact resistant
6 Capable to support fixtures

7 Security, eg buglarproof
Concrete Masonry Construction Sound Performance
9
9 Sound Performance
SOUND PERFORMANCE APARTMENT DWELLERS SURVEYS
Medical research - Noise disturbance: negative effect to health
Wellington Council Survey - Biggest nuisance: noise from city and neighbours
CRESA Survey- 12% dwellers stated to have moved because of sound disturbance
NOISE DISTURBANCE
1. AIRBORNE SOUND: TRAFFIC

ROAD WORKS
P E O P L E G AT H E R I N G
2 . I M PA C T S O U N D : FOOTSTEPS
DOORS SLAMMING
P L A N T D E V I C E V I B R AT I N G
AIRBORNE SOUND NUISANCE
SOUND N U I S A N C E
www.luxuo.com
SOUND N U I S A N C E
www.luxuo.com
www.sciencedaily.com
SOUND SOURCES
≤ 30
≤ 35
75
90
NZBC G6/AS1 REQUIRES
5 5 D B A I R B O R N E S O U N D AT T E N U AT I O N
STC 55 - 150 mm concrete wall
STC 55 - 200 mm concrete masonry
STC 55 - 150 mm concrete slab
NZBC G6/AS1 REQUIRES
5 5 D B I M PAC T S O U N D AT T E N U AT I O N
IIC 55 - 150 mm concrete slab with underlay and carpet on top
F L O AT I N G Concrete wall
SCREED
Sound insulation strip
to avoid flanking via walls
Floating screed
Impact sound insulation
Concrete slab
S O U N D AT T E N U AT I O N
MASS - AIRBORNE SOUND
D E C O U P L I N G - I M PA C T S O U N D
Concrete Masonry Construction Fire Performance
10
10 Fire Performance
FIRE SAFETY
www.architectsjournal.co.uk
FIRE PROTECTION
SRINKLERS
I N T U M E S C E N T PA I N T
CLADDINGS
C O N C R E T E M A S O N RY
CONCRETE
NZBC CLAUSE C/AS2

60 minutes - structural stability and material integrity
30 minutes - SPRINKLER with smoke detection and alarm system installed
PROBLEM WITH SPRINKLER
AUTO SHUT VALVES at water reservoirs prevent water loss in earthquake events
NO WATER supply during/ after EARTHQUAKES
STEEL FIRE PROTECTION:
Intumescent paint - max 3hrs
LIGHT FRAME FIRE

PROTECTION:
4hrs - 4 boards each side - 210mm
Fire Performance
• NZS 4320
Concrete Masonry Construction Durability
11
11 Durability
• Anticipated 70 % of apartment buildings leak during life time.
• 13 year old building. Leaked from day One. 80 % structural timber replacement.
• Five years old building. Leaks caused rust of steel structure. Structural replacements.
• Leaking water hardly compromises solid structures. Solution = sealing of leaks.
WAT E R D A M A G E
www.generalplasterboardrepairs.com.au
CHOOSING
A S U I TA B L E
M AT E R I A L
W HT AT
HE
S T R U C T U RI EF
I S U N P R O T E C TT EHDE
P R O T E C TAI O
NND
W I L L N O T P EW
R FI LOL RBME
A SDAR M
E QAUGI ER D
E D?
PARTITIONS COSTS - PROPORTIONAL BASED ON RAWLINSON HANDBOOK 2014
CONCRETE MASONRY METAL TIMBER
F 60 + STC 55 100 % 94 % 85 % 90 %
F 180 + STC 55 100 % 94 % 115 % 120 %
CONCRETE MASONRY + CONCRETE OFFER DURABLE SOLUTION !
NEW CLAUSE G6 EXPECTED

L I N I N G S F O R A D D I T I O N A L S O U N D AT T E N U AT I O N
A L T E R N A T I V E T O C O N C R E T E O R M A S O N RY F I N I S H
LININGS FOR FINE FINISHES
R E M E D I A L W O R K , P L U M B I N G, E L E C T R I C A L
L I N I N G S T O H I D I N G I N S TA L L AT I O N S
INTERNAL UNIT DIVISIONS

L I N I N G S L I G H T W E I G H T, E A S Y T O I N S TA L L
Concrete Masonry Construction SUMMARY
SUMMARY
• More immigrants
• Smaller households
• Lack of land
AUCKLAND HERALD: 7 SEP 2015
New developments AUCKLAND HERALD: 7 SEP 2015
BUYERS DON’T KNOW WHAT THEY BUY
90 per cent sold
LIFE SAVINGS AT RISK

100 per cent sold 100 per cent sold
IMPORTANCE OF DURABILITY
95 per cent
M O R E I N F O R M AT I O N :
C C A N Z A PA R T M E N T D E S I G N G U I D E
W W W. C C A N Z . O R G . N Z
Thanks for your attention !
Ra l f Ke s s e l Ar c h i te ct (N Z + G e r )
C e m e n t & C o n cr e t e A s s o ci a t i o n o f N ew Z e al an d
w w w. c c a n z . o r g. n z

Firth and CCANZ Concrete Masonry Walls Requirements For Partitions May 2016

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Firth and CCANZ Concrete Masonry Walls Requirements For Partitions May 2016

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Concrete Masonry Construction

Concrete Masonry Walls &

1. What is Concrete Masonry? 7. Intertenancy Partitions

2. NZ Standards 8. Sound Performance

3. Foundation 9. Fire Performance

4. Walls 10. Durability

5. Bracing 11. Summary

1 What is Concrete Masonry?

Block length - 400 mm nominal length, 390 mm actual length

Details available on www.firth.co.nz

Details available on www.firth.co.nz

Details available on www.firth.co.nz

Details available on www.firth.co.nz

Details available on www.firth.co.nz

2 Standards providing guidance to masonry construction

The following presentation contains material of NZS 4229:2013 –

NZS 4210:2001 Masonry construction: Materials and workmanship

NZS 4230:2004 Design of Reinforced Masonry Structures

Other related Standards, e.g. NZS 3604, NZS 1170 etc.

• Design requirements, material properties APPENDIX

2.5m gable height

add 4.2 kN/m

to long side’s wall weight of 11.5 kN/m

Gable wall = 17.25 kN/m

larger weight governs

Vertical bars shall be provided:

- at all corners and ends of walls

Horizontal bars shall be provided:

- immediately below and above openings and anchored

As per NZS 4210

Special Expanding Admixture

Grout wall in a semi

@ ≤ 600mm of L-shaped corners or at ≤ 3.2m at both sides of the L.

CONTINUOUS Reinforcement at Bond Beams and Lintels ! !

Earthquake and wind bracing - to resist earthquakes and winds

Braced wall panel - wall used for bracing:

Bracing line - Line drawn along a bracing wall:

Is parallel to external walls

Earthquake bracing demand (EQbd) is determined by:

EQ zone from NZS 4229:2013, Table 4.1

Subsoil Type from NZS 4229:2013, Table 4.3

Floor level considered as per NZS 4229:2013, Table 4.3

Dead loads (roofing as per NZS 4229:2013, Table 4.3)

Live loads NZS 4229, Table 4.3 considers already 2 kPa

2.5m gable height

28 x 1.4 = 39.2 BU/m2

102.4 m2 x 31 BU/m2 = 3174 BUs

Add BU for one bracing line up!

Each bracing line shall achieve at least 60% of total BUs.

CCANZ CP 01: 2014

CITED: NZBC E2/AS3

1. EIFS - Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems

Deck / Wall Joint

Ext. moisture seal

Render end section

Window – EIFS sill

Ties to be fully embedded in mortar

except stack bond

* Some small veneer areas may be impracticable.

Window - ventilated cavity jamb

Window - ventilated cavity head

Window - ventilated cavity sill

Solid to light weight