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1 Spot Height
Spot height values are the height values of points on the earth’s surface. They
normally represent heights above mean sea level. Spot height values of the study
area are portrayed on maps with point symbols and annotation of the numerical
value spot heights or soundings (Fig. 5.8).
5.9.2 Contours: Lines
Contour lines connect a series of points of equal elevation and are used to
illustrate topography, or relief, on a map. They show the height of ground above
Mean Sea Level (M.S.L.) in either feet or metres and can be drawn at any desired
interval Imhof (1982).
5.9.3 Generating DEM for the study area
For this purpose the contours lines of the topographic maps of the survey of
India (57D/3, 57D/4, 57D/7 and 57D/8) are digitized keeping a 20 m interval between
the contour lines. The digitized contours represent elevation between 760 m to 960
m. In the first step, by activating the 3D analysis in Arc map (9.1 v) the input data,
contour lines and spot heights are converted into TIN models (Fig. 5.9). The TIN
model is converted into raster model using the tools in Arcmap (9.1 v), (Fig. 5.10). In
the next step the raster model is exported in to ArcScene (9.1 v) in which the original
raster data set of elevation can be multiplied by integers to get different height‐
exaggeration. A DEM is created and the exaggerated view of it is shown in different
angles (Fig. 5.11 and Fig. 5.12). Varying sun azimuths and angles are input
parameters for the illumination process in order that output images can display
enhancement on different features. By observing the 3D view of the DEM it can be
observed that the in Fig. 5.11 and Fig. 5.12 blue zones have maximum topographic
gradient (denudational hill, residual hills and inserberg), green zones have medium to
gentle gradient (pediment inserberg complex and pediment zone) and the yellow to
brown have very low topographic gradient (shallow and moderately weathered
pediplains and valley fills.
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Figure 5.8: Contour and spot height if the study area
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Figure 5.9: TIN model of the terrain of the study area
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Figure 5.10: Raster model of the terrain of the study area
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Figure 5.11: Exaggerated perspective view of DEM of the study area
Figure 5.12: Exaggerated perspective view of DEM of the study area
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