FINALS

Moving Loads

Maximum Moment (M) (Single Load)

Mmax =
PL
 P = load
 4L = Length of the beam

Maximum Shear (V) (Single Load)

Vmax = P
 P = load

Maximum Moment (M) (Two Loads)

Mmax =
2
 ( PL−P s dload
P = Total )
 L =4 Length
PL of the beam
 Ps = smaller load
 d = distance between the two loads

Maximum Shear (V) (Two Loads)

- occurs when larger load is over a support

Vmax =
R ( x)
 R = Resultant of the loads
 xL= distance of R to the end located at opposite side of V max
 L = Length of the beam
Maximum Moment (M) (Three or more Loads)

Distance of resultant to one end (x)

x=
L−e
 L = Length of the beam
 e2 = distance of the load to the resultant load
 d = distance between the two loads

Maximum Shear (V)

- occurs where the larger sum of load (either right or left side of the resultant) is over a support.

Vmax =
R ( x)
 R = Resultant of the loads
 xL= distance of R to the end located at opposite side of V max
 L = Length of the beam

Flexure Formula

Bending Stress (fb)

fb =
My
 M = moment
 Iy = desired length from the center
 I = Moment of Inertia

Maximum Bending Stress [(fb)max]

(fb)max =
Mc
 M = moment
 Ic = maximum length from the center
 I = Moment of Inertia

Bending Moment (M)

M=
EI
 E = Total load
 ρI = Length of the beam
 ρ = smaller load
 d = distance between the two loads

Section of Modulus (S)

 I
S=
c

 I = Moment of Inertia
 c = maximum length from the center

M M
∨
fb = I S
c

Economic Sections

Required Section of Modulus (Srequired)

f
(¿¿ b)max
Srequired
SLl = Live-load section of modulus
M
 M = Bending ≥ S ¿∨moment
¿
 (f ) = maximum Bending stress
b max

Resisting Moment (Mresisting)

Mresisting ≥ M ¿ + M Dl
 MLl = Live-load moment
 MDl = Dead-load moment

 Actual bending Moment (Mactual)

Mactual ¿ M ¿ + M Dl
 MLl = Live-load moment
 MDl = Dead-load moment

 Actual Stress (fb)

M actual
fb ¿
S Dl
 SDl = dead-load section of modulus
 Mactual = actual Bending moment

Beam Deflection (Double Integration Method)

D.E. of the Elastic Curve of a Beam

 2
d y
EI 2
=M ( x)
dx

 M(x) = bending moment

 E = Young’s modulus
 I = Moment of Inertia

Slope equation

n
¿ x >¿
EI n +C1
dy
 M(x) = bending
=M ¿ moment
 dx modulus
E = Young’s
 I = Moment of Inertia
 n = power of the distance (x)
 C1 = 1st Constant value

Deflection equation

¿ x >¿ n
EIy n +C1<x> + C2
¿M¿
 M(x) = bending moment
 E = Young’s modulus
 I = Moment of Inertia
 n = power of the distance (x)
 C1 = 1st Constant value
 C2 = 2nd Constant value

Beam Deflection (Area Moment Method)

Theorem I

The change in slope between the tangents drawn to the elastic curve at any two points A and B
is equal to the product of 1/EI multiplied by the area of the moment diagram between these
two points.

1
ϴAB ¿ (area) AB
EI
 E = Young’s modulus
 I = Moment of Inertia

Theorem II
 The deviation of any point B relative to the tangent drawn to the elastic curve at any other point
A, in a direction perpendicular to the original position of the beam, is equal to the product of
1/EI multiplied by the moment of an area about B of that part of the moment diagram between
points A and B.

1
tB/A ¿ (area) AB∗X B
EI
 E = Young’s modulus
 I = Moment of Inertia
 XB = location of the centroid (from B)

Moment Diagram by Parts

Bending Moment

M ¿(∑ M )L =(∑ M ) R
 ∑ML = Moment at the left section
 ∑MR = Moment at the right section

Area of the centroid

1
A ¿ bh
n+ 1
 b = base
 h = height
 n = degree of the power of x

Location of the centroid

1
XG ¿ b
n+ 2
 b = base
 n = degree of the power of x

Tables and Constants

SLOPES AND DEFLECTIONS OF BEAMS