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n designed to
itutions" 4/E
Equity
Underlying Type: Time (Yrs) Dividend Chart: Progress: 100.00%
Option price
0.5 1 Vertical (Y) Axis: Strike Price Option Price
0.75 1 40.0000 11.0312
40.1005 10.9539
Strike price
Stock Price: 50.00 Horizontal (X) Axis: 40.2010 10.8765
Volatility (% per year): 40.00% 40.3015 10.7992
Risk-Free Rate (% per year): 10.00% 40.4020 10.7218
Minimum X value: 40 40.5025 10.6445
Maximum X value: 60 40.6030 10.5671
Imply Volatility
Binomial: American
Option Type: Number of X Values: 200 40.7035 10.4898
40.8040 10.4124
Put
40.9045 10.3351
Life (Years): 0.4167 ●
41.0050 10.2577
Call
Strike Price: 50.00 41.1055 10.1804
Tree Steps: 5 41.2060 10.1030
●
41.3065 10.0256
41.4070 9.9531
41.5075 9.8879
Results: 41.6080 9.8226
Price: 4.48845853 41.7085 9.7574
Delta (per $): -0.4145299 41.8090 9.6921
Gamma (per $ per $): 0.03414557 41.9095 9.6269
Vega (per %): 0.16368622 42.0101 9.5616
Theta (per day): -0.0117915 42.1106 9.4964
Rho (per %): -0.0840234 42.2111 9.4312
42.3116 9.3659
42.4121 9.3007
42.5126 9.2354
12.0000
42.6131 9.1702
42.7136 9.1049
42.8141 9.0397
10.0000
42.9146 8.9744
Option Price
43.0151 8.9092
43.1156 8.8439
8.0000 43.2161 8.7787
43.3166 8.7134
43.4171 8.6482
6.0000 43.5176 8.5829
43.6181 8.5177
43.7186 8.4525
43.8191 8.3872
4.0000
43.9196 8.3220
44.0201 8.2567
44.1206 8.1915
2.0000
44.2211 8.1262
44.3216 8.0610
44.4221 7.9957
0.0000 44.5226 7.9305
40.0000 42.0000 44.0000 46.0000 48.0000 50.0000 52.0000 54.0000 56.0000 58.0000 60.0000 44.6231 7.8652
Strike Price 44.7236 7.8000
44.8241 7.7347
44.9246 7.6695
45.0251 7.6042
45.1256 7.5390
45.2261 7.4738
45.3266 7.4085
45.4271 7.3433
45.5276 7.2780
45.6281 7.2128
45.7286 7.1491
45.8291 7.0984
45.9296 7.0477
46.0302 6.9971
46.1307 6.9464
46.2312 6.8957
46.3317 6.8450
46.4322 6.7943
46.5327 6.7436
46.6332 6.6929
46.7337 6.6422
46.8342 6.5915
46.9347 6.5408
47.0352 6.4901
47.1357 6.4394
47.2362 6.3887
47.3367 6.3381
47.4372 6.2874
47.5377 6.2367
47.6382 6.1860
47.7387 6.1353
47.8392 6.0846
47.9397 6.0339
48.0402 5.9832
48.1407 5.9325
48.2412 5.8818
48.3417 5.8311
48.4422 5.7804
48.5427 5.7297
48.6432 5.6790
48.7437 5.6284
48.8442 5.5777
48.9447 5.5270
49.0452 5.4763
49.1457 5.4256
49.2462 5.3749
49.3467 5.3242
49.4472 5.2735
49.5477 5.2228
49.6482 5.1721
49.7487 5.1214
49.8492 5.0707
49.9497 5.0200
50.0503 4.9694
50.1508 4.9187
50.2513 4.8680
50.3518 4.8173
50.4523 4.7666
50.5528 4.7199
50.6533 4.6842
50.7538 4.6485
50.8543 4.6129
50.9548 4.5772
51.0553 4.5415
51.1558 4.5058
51.2563 4.4701
51.3568 4.4344
51.4573 4.3987
51.5578 4.3630
51.6583 4.3273
51.7588 4.2916
51.8593 4.2559
51.9598 4.2202
52.0603 4.1845
52.1608 4.1488
52.2613 4.1131
52.3618 4.0774
52.4623 4.0417
52.5628 4.0060
52.6633 3.9704
52.7638 3.9347
52.8643 3.8990
52.9648 3.8633
53.0653 3.8276
53.1658 3.7919
53.2663 3.7562
53.3668 3.7205
53.4673 3.6848
53.5678 3.6491
53.6683 3.6134
53.7688 3.5777
53.8693 3.5420
53.9698 3.5063
54.0704 3.4706
54.1709 3.4349
54.2714 3.3992
54.3719 3.3636
54.4724 3.3279
54.5729 3.2922
54.6734 3.2565
54.7739 3.2208
54.8744 3.1851
54.9749 3.1494
55.0754 3.1137
55.1759 3.0780
55.2764 3.0423
55.3769 3.0066
55.4774 2.9709
55.5779 2.9352
55.6784 2.8995
55.7789 2.8638
55.8794 2.8334
55.9799 2.8110
56.0804 2.7885
56.1809 2.7661
56.2814 2.7436
56.3819 2.7212
56.4824 2.6987
56.5829 2.6763
56.6834 2.6538
56.7839 2.6314
56.8844 2.6089
56.9849 2.5865
57.0854 2.5640
57.1859 2.5416
57.2864 2.5192
57.3869 2.4967
57.4874 2.4743
57.5879 2.4518
57.6884 2.4294
57.7889 2.4069
57.8894 2.3845
57.9899 2.3620
58.0905 2.3396
58.1910 2.3171
58.2915 2.2947
58.3920 2.2722
58.4925 2.2498
58.5930 2.2273
58.6935 2.2049
58.7940 2.1825
58.8945 2.1600
58.9950 2.1376
59.0955 2.1151
59.1960 2.0927
59.2965 2.0702
59.3970 2.0478
59.4975 2.0253
59.5980 2.0029
59.6985 1.9804
59.7990 1.9580
59.8995 1.9355
60.0000 1.9131
Page 3
2.16306 1.771632 1.275943 0.60544274 Pm: 66.632%
4.015% 3.987% 3.962% 3.938% Pd: 15.747%
119.02632
14.0263203
2.084%
Node Time:
0.000 0.375 0.750 1.125 1.500
Accrual:
0.000 1.875 1.250 0.625 0.000
CDS Data Default Rate Data Term Structure
Life(Yrs) Spread (bp) Time (Yrs) Hazard Rate Time (Yrs) Rate (%)
1 123.00 1 2.00% 2 5.000% Cont. Compou
2 123.00 0.016
3 123.00
4 123.00 0.014
5 123.00
10 123.00 0.012
0.01
0.008
0.006
0.004
14
12
01
08
06
04
02
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Time (Yrs)
CD0 Data Default Rate Data Term Structure
Time (Yrs) Hazard Rate Time (Yrs)
Life (Years) 5 0 0.500% 0
Recovery Rate 40.0% 0.5 1.000% 1
Number of Names 125 1 1.250% 2
No. of Integration Points 8 2 1.000% 3
5 1.000% 4
Payment Frequency: Quarterly 10 1.000% 5
6
7
8
9
10
Imply Corr.
Attachment Point (%) Detachment Point (%) Spread (bp) Upfront (%) Tranche Corr
10.00% 15.00% 43.56 0.1883 Calculate Upfront
0.00% 3.00% 500.00 40.699% 0.2000 ✘ Calculate Upfront
0.00% 6.00% 1247.48 0.0860 Calculate Upfront
0.00% 10.00% 630.01 0.2799 Calculate Upfront
0.00% 20.00% 305.34 0.4637 Calculate Upfront
Term Structure
Rate (%)
3.000%
3.664%
4.180%
4.583%
4.896%
5.140%
5.331%
5.479%
5.594%
5.684%
5.754%
Function 17: TreeEquityOpt(S, K, r, q, vol, T, IsCall, IsFut, Divs, IsAmerican, nSteps, Result)
Carries out binomial tree calculations for European or American options on stocks, stock indices, currencies, and futures
Arguments:
S 50 Asset Price
K 50 Strike price
r 0.05 Domestic risk-free rate
q 0.02 Dividend yield for stock index options, foreign risk free rate for currency options (Enter 0 if this paramet
vol 0.25 Volatility. BUT Enter Price if Implied Volatility is to be calculated (i.e. Result=6)
T 1 Time to maturity (yrs)
IsCall 1 TRUE if call, FALSE if put
IsFut 0 TRUE if futures option, FALSE otherwise
Divs Array containing time to dividend payment and size of dividend payment in cols 1 and 2. (Leave blank if
IsAmerican 0 TRUE if American option, FALSE if European option
nSteps 25 Number of time steps on tree
Result 0 0=Price; 1=Delta; 2=Gamma; 3=Vega; 4=Theta; 5=Rho; 6=Implied Vol
Example: #VALUE!
Example: #VALUE!
Example: #VALUE!
Function 22: CompoundOption(S, K1, r, q, vol, T1, IsCall, IsFut, K2, T2, IsOptionOnCall, Result)
Carries out calculations for compound options on non-dividend-paying stocks, stock indices,currencies and futures
Arguments:
S 50 Asset Price
K1 5 First Strike Price
r 0.05 Domestic risk-free rate
q 0.02 Dividend yield for stock index options, foreign risk free rate for currency options (Enter 0 if this paramet
vol 0.25 Volatility. BUT Enter Price if Implied Volatility is to be calculated (i.e. Result=6)
T1 0.35 Time to first exercise
IsCall 1 True if first option a call, FALSE if first option a put
IsFut 0 TRUE if futures option, FALSE otherwise
K2 50 Second strike price
T2 1 Time to second exercise
tionOnCall 1 TRUE if second option is a call, FALSE if second option is a put
Result 0 0=Price; 1=Delta; 2=Gamma; 3=Vega; 4=Theta; 5=Rho; 6=Implied Vol
Example: #VALUE!
Function 23: LookbackOption(S, r, q, vol, T, IsCall, IsFut, IsFixedLookback, Smax, Smin, K, Result)
Carries out calculations for lookback options on non-dividend-paying stocks, stock indices,currencies and futures
Arguments:
S 50 Asset Price
r 0.05 Domestic risk-free rate
q 0.02 Dividend yield for stock index options, foreign risk free rate for currency options (Enter 0 if this paramet
vol 0.25 Volatility. BUT Enter Price if Implied Volatility is to be calculated (i.e. Result=6)
T 1 Time to maturity (yrs)
IsCall 1 TRUE if lookback call, FALSE if lookback put
IsFut 0 TRUE if futures option, FALSE otherwise
edLookback 1 TRUE for fixed lookback
Smax 50 Maximum price to date (equals to current price if a new instrument)
Smin 50 Minimum price to date (equals current price if a new instrument)
K 55 Strike price for Fixed Lookback; Ignored otherwise
Result 1 0=Price; 1=Delta; 2=Gamma; 3=Vega; 4=Theta; 5=Rho; 6=Implied Vol
Example: #VALUE!
Portfolio definition:
Type
Underlying 0 Number
ack Scholes 1 Number K T IsCall
uityOption 2 Number K T IsCall nSteps IsAmerican
naryoption 3 Number K T IsCall IsCash
rierOption 4 Number K T IsCall Barrier IsUp IsIn
rageOption 5 Number K T IsCall CurrAve TimeSoFar
serOption 6 Number K T TimeToChoice
undOption 7 Number K1 T1 IsCall K2 T2 IsOptOnCall
ackOption 8 Number K T IsCall IsFixedLookback Smax Smin
Sample Portfolio
Type Number
Underlying 0 -2
ack Scholes 1 50 55 0.5 1
ack Scholes 1 50 48 0.75 1
uityOption 2 100 50 0.5 0 50 1
Example: #VALUE!
s (Enter 0 if this parameter not applicable)
es and futures
s and futures
s (Enter 0 if this parameter not applicable)
ncy, or futures
Dividends
0.5 1
0.75 1
VALUE AT RISK CALCULATION FOR PORTFOLIO OF OPTIONS DEPENDENT ON A SINGLE ST
See Section 14.7 of Risk Management and Financial Institutions 4e
Today 0
S 49 Portfolio
IsFut 0 Underlying
r 5% Black Scholes
q 0% Black Scholes
Volatility 30% Black Scholes
1-Day Vol 1.89%
Portfolio
Value #VALUE!
Delta #VALUE!
Gamma #VALUE!
Analytic VaR We calculate the analytic VaR by generating 1000 equally likely portfolio values
1-Day VaR #VALUE!
Type Number
0 1000
1 100 55 0.5 1
1 500 50 0.25 1
1 1600 50 0.2 0
z_q -2.3263
w_q #VALUE!
Portfolio Value