CRUZ For 6 Grade

6 th Theme: Knowing
o ur
W orld
Grade Project:
ect:: The
ate st
G re
bimester 3 Invention
Universal Understanding: Inventions

affect our lives.
Essential Question: How do
inventions affect our lives?
Unit 6: Discoveries and Inventions
Value: Responsibility
PRI6 BE BL BIM4 U6 STD.indb 1 10/12/12 01:36 p.m.

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© Sistemas Educativos de Enseñanza, S. A. de C. V., 2012 ISBN: 978-607-723-427-2
First Edition: September 2011
Second Edition: December 2012
BE PRI6 BL BIM4 U6 legal std.indd 2 12/7/12 4:13 PM

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Contents
Inventions affect out lives.
Throughout this unit we will reinforce the value of Responsibility: BE Responsible
BE Informed Flipside
Letter to the Parents 3
Calendars 7
Homework 9
Unit 6
Discoveries and Inventions
15 Week 1
BE a Reader 15
BE a Speaker 39
Project 48
Week 2
51
BE Literate 51
BE a Speaker 61
Project 70

Knowing Our World
73 Week 3
BE Literate 73
BE a Speaker 81
Project 90
Week 4
93
Digital Book 93
BE a Speaker 97
Project 106
109 Week 5
BE a Writer 109
BE a Speaker 119
Project 128
Week 6
131
BE a Writer 131
Be an Artist 137
Be a Speaker 145
Project 154
CD Tracks 158

Icons
Abilities
Developing Emotional Intellectual
Literacy Development Abilities
Learning
Metacognition
Strategies
Intelligences
Bodily / Kinesthetic Interpersonal Intrapersonal
Logical / Mathematical Musical Naturalist
Verbal / Linguistic Visual / Spatial
Resources
Home
CD Cutouts
Connection
Video Digital Activity

Calendar
S M T W T F S
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

Calendar
S M T W T F S
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

Homework
Monday Date: Tuesday Date:
Teacher: Teacher:
Parent: Parent:
Wednesday Date: Thursday Date:
BE Fluent
Teacher: Teacher:
Parent: Parent:
Friday Date: Teacher:

Parent:

Homework
Teacher: Teacher:
Parent: Parent:
BE Fluent
Teacher: Teacher:
Parent: Parent:

Parent:
10

Homework
Teacher: Teacher:
Parent: Parent:
BE Fluent
Teacher: Teacher:
Parent: Parent:

Parent:
11

Homework
Teacher: Teacher:
Parent: Parent:
BE Fluent
Teacher: Teacher:
Parent: Parent:

Parent:
12

Homework
Teacher: Teacher:
Parent: Parent:
BE Fluent
Teacher: Teacher:
Parent: Parent:

Parent:
13

Homework
Teacher: Teacher:
Parent: Parent:
BE Fluent
Teacher: Teacher:
Parent: Parent:

Parent:
14

Reading
BE a Reader 1
WEEK
UNIT
6
Disc o v e r ie s a n d In v e n t io n s
16
BE Responsible

CD 1 Track 2
Reading
Imagination initiates innovation.
Innovation integrates invigoration.
Invigoration ignores inhibition—
Instead, it injects intelligence in inventing.
Inventing ignites imagination.
Topics to explore:
scientific inventions
poetry
probability
economics
Knowing Our World 17

CD 1 Track 3
Key Words
Y
filament
incandescent
electronics
emitted
cost-effective
efficient
illumination
clusters
pixel
components
signals
pulsates
indicator
device
connection
life span
durable
Predicting
A Answer the questions in complete sentences.
1. What might this story be about?
2. What clues does the picture give you about what the story
might be about?
3. What clues do the key words give you about the story?
18 Knowing Our World

Video
Reading
Lighting Up Our World
Written by Angela Maria Padron
Photo Selection by Monica Delgado de Patrucco
Imagine living in a time when there were no electric lights. There would be no streetlights
along the roads. You would have to rely on the moonlight to guide you at night. There would be
no reading or table lamps to plug in. You would have to do your homework next to a candle or
oil lamp. This is the way people lived up until the 1800s.
Several inventors attempted to create a lightbulb. They tried to make the bulb work with
electricity so that it would stay lit for a long time. In 1854, a German watchmaker named
Heinrich Goebel used a filament made of carbon from bamboo. He placed it in a glass
container to create an incandescent electric bulb. In 1879, Thomas Alva Edison and Joseph
Wilson Swan perfected the lightbulb. They used a filament made of carbon taken from cotton.
It burned for thirteen and a half hours. A year later, Edison improved the bamboo filament.
He made one that burned for about 1,200 hours. In 1906, the General Electric Company, along
with William Coolidge, invented the tungsten filament. This filament, made of a metal called
tungsten, burned brighter and longer than the filaments in other bulbs. Tungsten filaments are
the types found in incandescent lightbulbs today.
You may be asking: Are there tiny lightbulbs inside a cell phone to make the screen light up?
What makes the power light on a stove or remote control shine? The light for these does not
come from incandescent lightbulbs but from a different type of light source: LEDs.
Unit 6 · Discoveries and Inventions 19

Light-Emitting Diodes
In 1962, Nick Holonyak, a researcher at

the General Electric Company, invented the
light-emitting diode, or LED. His invention
is one of the most important in the world of
electronics. LEDs are specially made to release
a large amount of light outward. They are tiny
lightbulbs that have plastic coverings. The light
emitted bounces off the sides of the plastic. It
then travels to the rounded end of the covering
and shines outward in a particular direction.
Holonyak’s first LED emitted only red light. Later,
LEDs were developed to emit blue and green
light. Different combinations of these three colors
create other colors of light, including white light.
Modern incandescent bulbs are cost-effective;

however, compared to LEDs, they are not very
efficient. The filament of an incandescent bulb is
encased inside a glass covering. As the filament
burns, the glass gradually becomes discolored.
Then, when the filament burns out, the lightbulb
no longer works. In addition, only a small
percentage of the energy in a lightbulb makes
the actual light we see. The majority of the
energy is lost as heat—and this wastes electricity.
LEDs are more efficient because they do not
have filaments that can burn out. Their plastic
coverings are more durable than glass coverings.
These features allow them to last much longer
than a conventional lightbulb. Some LEDs
can last for almost ten years! LEDs also do not
produce much heat, which helps save electricity.
They are also more usable because they fit into
electrical circuits more easily.

Reading
However, LEDs are very sensitive to heat. The light output and lifetime of the bulb can
be reduced greatly if it is exposed to excessive amounts of heat. LEDs also cost more than
conventional bulbs. In the long run, though, the durability and efficiency of LEDs can save people
much more money than incandescent bulbs can. Over time, the money people save on LEDs can
make up for the additional money they pay for this kind of lighting.
LEDs can be found in all kinds of places. Signs are one type of device that can use LEDs. The
LEDs in the signs are very small and are grouped together for stronger illumination. Restaurants
and hotels often have their names in LED signs on the outside of their buildings. Shopping malls,
stadiums and banks are other places that advertise their locations with LED signs. The LED lights
shine brightly so people can see them from far away. The lights also can last for a long time. The
owners of these businesses do not have to worry about changing bulbs for years.
In New York City, there are signs everywhere that use LED lights. Marquee signs advertise plays
or movies on the outsides of theaters. A very famous LED sign is in New York City’s Times Square,
where the ball drops every New Year’s Eve. On this sign, information runs across a moving screen
that is about 9,000 square feet in size. On a large LED sign like this one, clusters of LEDs are used
to make one pixel. These pixels light up to form the letters and numbers that are seen on the
screen. This sign in New York is made of tiles that are each about one square foot in size. Each tile
contains about 256 pixels with more than 2,000 LEDs on the front side. The back of the tile has
the necessary electronic components to light all the LEDs on the tile.

Outdoors
Jumbo televisions also use LEDs. These large screens are found in stadiums or sports arenas. They
display video footage of the action and scores in a game. They can also be used as billboards to
advertise products or services. When the screens are outdoors, it is necessary for the images to be
clear even in bright sunlight.
The gigantic screens use pixel tiles with dozens of LEDs on each one. Thousands of these
modules are arranged on a rectangular grid. A computer system controls the LEDs. It determines
which LEDs will light up at a given time to produce an image. An electrical system and wires are
needed to power the LEDs and the grid.

All over the United States, traffic signals are being replaced with ones that use LEDs. Each LED
Reading
in a traffic signal is about the size of a pencil eraser. They are grouped together to create a light
across the entire surface of the traffic signal. The signal that is produced with LEDs is clearer and
brighter for pedestrians and drivers than traditional lights in traffic signals. In addition, using
these types of traffic signals can be more cost-effective for cities. Bulbs do not have to be replaced
for years. This saves money on materials and labor. Signals may not have to be serviced as often.
There may be less traffic and gridlock from service trucks blocking intersections. These newer LED
signals also use less electricity.

Electronics
es can
Computer accessories
mputer
also use LEDs. A computer
mouse controls the cursor
n.
on a computer screen.
er
In the past, computer
mice used a ball to slide
around a mouse pad.
d.
Today, optical mice are
replacing this device.
e. An
optical mouse can work
on almost any surface.
ace. A
red LED light underneath
neath
the mouse pulsates
and bounces light off
ff
the surface. This light
ht
sends signals to sensors
sors that
transmit information
n
from the mouse to
the computer.
Each second,
the mouse sends hundreds
ndreds of signals to the computer as it moves. This makes the cursor
appear to glide across the screen very smoothly. There are several advantages of optical mice. There
is less wear than on a mouse with a track ball. Also, dirt cannot get inside the mouse and interfere
with the tracking sensors. This creates a stronger connection between the mouse and the computer.
Power buttons on appliances have indicator lights that use LEDs. When a stove is turned on,
an LED lights up. The light will continue to shine when the stove is still hot. This serves as a
warning to people so they do not get burned. LED power buttons can also be found on computer
screens and burglar alarms. They are on printers and scanners, too. LED lights can indicate that
a printer is out of ink or a piece of paper is jammed.

Reading
Remote controls also use LED lights. Inside a remote control is a circuit board with an
infrared LED. This LED produces light that is invisible to the human eye. The device controlled
by the remote, such as a television, can “see” the light. When you press the power button on
the remote control, the receptor in the television “sees” the flashing infrared light. Then the
television turns on. The television senses a connection that produces a signal specific to the
power button. Similar connections occur when the channel or volume buttons are pressed.
Remote controls can be used for other devices. People can use remote controls to adjust the
lighting in a room. Devices with remote controls give people the flexibility to control them
from farther away.
LEDs are also used in the displays of consumer electronic products. Portable music devices
such as MP3 players and cell phones use LEDs to light up their screens. Some watches have
an LED light to help you see the time in the dark. Certain digital clocks use LEDs to illuminate
the numbers, too. Some flashlights use LED bulbs to emit bright beams. These lights can
shine over long distances. People can use LED flashlights in their homes when their power
goes out or while camping outdoors. LED flashlights can also
so assist
professionals such as firefighters and coal miners who
need to work in dark places.

Move Over, Incandescent Bulbs!
The long life span of LEDs makes them ideal for the automotive industry, too. Dashboards
and turn signals on cars are incorporating LEDs. Most cars today have LEDs in their taillights,
including brake lights. Brake lights are especially important for drivers to see when another
vehicle is stopping or slowing down. LEDs in headlights are being developed as well. This will help
drivers see ahead of them more clearly. LED lights in cars can shine brightly through dense fog or
heavy rain.
Airlines are also moving toward installing LED lights on the outsides of planes. Unlike
traditional landing lights, LED landing lights are more durable. Like most LED taillights in cars,
an LED landing light can last more than 50,000 hours. This saves time and money on aircraft
maintenance. It also assures pilots that their landing gear is durable and reliable.
With improvements in technology happening every day, the cost of LEDs has been greatly
reduced. This has allowed for further developments of devices that use LEDs, such as equipment
for dentistry and medicine that can help doctors perform their jobs better. Light therapy is
becoming a popular service provided by skincare professionals that use high-intensity LEDs to
help treat a variety of skin issues such as acne, sun damage, and scars.
Some night vision equipment uses LEDs to help soldiers in the military better protect
themselves. Soldiers are now able to rely on durable, strong lights to help them see at night.

Many lamps and track lighting in homes use LEDs. Strips of LED lights can be installed
Reading
under counters and in hallways. They can also illuminate staircases. Modern reading lamps
and penlights are beginning to incorporate LEDs. Outdoor lighting for streets, walkways, and
landscaping often uses LEDs. The durable LED lights can withstand various weather conditions.
The longevity of the bulbs also makes the use of LEDs very convenient. Homeowners can save
money each year on their electric bill by converting their incandescent lights to LEDs.
There are other special characteristics of LEDs that make them popular. One of the
advantages of LED lights is that they do not flicker. Also, incandescent bulbs generally shine a
yellowish light in a room. LED lightbulbs can cast a white light into a room. This white light
resembles the color temperature of daylight. As a result, it is easier on your eyes. This light
can lift your mood in the wintertime when the weather is more bleak and dreary. Since LEDs
focus their light in a particular direction, they do not waste light. Areas that do not need to be
illuminated will not be. For this reason, LEDs are perfect task lights.
Today people have more
access to products with LEDs.
With all the inventions and
advancements in LED lighting,
the incandescent lightbulb may
soon be a thing of the past.

Checking
A Choose the correct answer.
1. What makes LEDs more efficient than incandescent bulbs?

a. LEDs cost less.
b. LEDs last longer and use less electricity.
c. LEDs use more electricity.
d. LEDs use filaments.
2. Why might new traffic signals be using LEDs?

a. The old bulbs burned out too quickly.
b. Cities could not afford to buy incandescent bulbs.
c. LEDs are brighter and more cost-effective.

d. LEDs are pretty and colorful.
3. Remote controls…
a. use infrared LEDs.
b. use incandescent bulbs.
c. do not use LEDs.
d. have pixels and tiles.
4. Since LEDs focus their light in a particular direction, they…

ey…
a. do not waste light.
b. are not bright.

c. cannot shine over long distances.
d. are not cost-efficient.
5. LEDs are ideal for the automotive industry because...

a. they come in more colors.
b. they last longer than incandescent bulbs.
c. they are brighter.
d. they are bigger than other light sources.

Reading
B Answer the Critical Thinking questions in complete sentences.
1. What are some advantages and disadvantages to using LEDs? Give specific examples from the
text to support your answer.
2. According to the passage, why are LEDs one of the most important inventions in the world of
the electronics?
Summarizing
A Complete the Venn diagram to compare and contrast incandescent lightbulbs with LEDs.
LEDs Incandescent Bulbs

Summarizing
B Use the information in the Venn diagram to write a summary of the passage.

31

Making Inferences
1. How did the invention of the electric light make home life easier?
2. Why are LEDs a poor choice for a light located inside an oven?
3. Why do so many businesses use LEDs in their signs?
4. How can replacing incandescent traffic signals with LED signals save resources?
5. Why are LED lights in cars more helpful than incandescent lights?
B Write a short paragraph stating what you think about how the invention of LEDs has affected
modern devices.

Author’s Purpose
Reading
A Answer the questions using complete sentences.
1. What are the advantages of LEDs over incandescent lights?
2. Where can you find LEDs?
3. What did you learn about how LEDs are used in medicine and dentistry?
4. Name some ways LEDs are used in computer electronics.
5. What does the author say about the use of jumbo LED televisions?
6. What details does the author give about LEDs in the large sign in New York City’s Times Square?

Reflecting
A Make a list of at least five LED devices that you see or use in your everyday life. For each device,
explain what the functions of the LEDs are and why the LEDs are effective.

Reading
B Choose one item from your list that you believe is more effective with LEDs than it would be with
other light sources. Write at least two paragraphs to support your opinion.

Practicing
A Match each definition in the left column to the correct vocabulary word in the right column. Then,
write the corresponding letter in the space provided.
1. gave off a. clusters
2. the most basic unit of a digital image b. components

3. white or glowing with great heat
c. connection
4. worthwhile in terms of what is achieved
for the amount of money spent d. cost-effective
5. a transmittal of information over a distance e. device

6. the length of time that something can be
f. durable
expected to last or function
7. similar things collected or grouped together g. efficient
8. parts or elements h. electronics
9. a thin wire that is made to glow by the passage i. emitted

of electric current
j. filament
10. capable of producing desired results,
especially without waste k. illumination
11. lighting
l. incandescent
12. a communication link
m. indicator
13. vibrates or flashes on and off
14. something that displays or suggests a state n. life span
or condition o. pixel
15. able to last a long time
p. pulsates
16. a piece of equipment designed to perform
a particular task or function q. signals
17. the branch of technology concerned with the

making of devices powered by electricity
BE Responsible
How do you show your parents and
teachers that you are responsible?

37

38

Speaking
BE a Speaker 1
WEEK
UNIT
6
Word List
cluster emit
component illumination
connection incandescent
cost-effective indicator
device pixel
durable pulsate
efficient signal
electronic
A Read and follow the instructions.
1. Get into groups of 5.
2. Cut out squares of paper and write one vocabulary word on each one (use words from this unit
and from previous units). Put them in a box.
3. One of you takes a square and gives the definition of the word. The others try to guess the word.
The student who guesses the word gets the next turn.
4. The person who guesses the most words wins.

Word List
Speaking
A Listen. CD 1 Track 4
Listen and point.
cluster component connection cost-effective device
durable efficient electronic emit illumination
incandescent indicator pixel pulsate signal
B Listen and number. CD 1 Track 5
C Listen and repeat. CD 1 Track 4
D Listen and spell. CD 1 Track 6

Words in Context
A Listen and point. CD 1 Track 7
B Listen and number the sentences. CD 1 Track 8
When the filament of an incandescent bulb is heated,

it emits light.
When something lights up, it is known as illumination.
LED lights are used as indicator lights in many electronic devices.
The indicator light in your car can signal to the other drivers when
you are turning left or right.
When your headlights pulsate, the car battery might need changing.
A computer is an efficient way of storing information.
A pixel is the tiniest visual element on a computer

screen or television.
1 Pixels can be made up of a cluster of dots.
We realized there was something wrong with the connection

when we plugged in the computer, because it wouldn’t turn on.
It is more cost-effective to buy the components for the computer

in bulk, rather than individually.
It is important to have a durable and powerful flashlight when camping.
C Listen and underline the words you hear. CD 1 Track 9

Spelling Our Words
Speaking
A Listen and write. CD 1 Track 4 B Write the words in alphabetical order.
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.
6. 6.
7. 7.
8. 8.
9. 9.
10. 10.
11. 11.
12. 12.
13. 13.
14. 14.
15. 15.
C Answer the questions.
1. Which words start with the letters in-?
2. Which word is made up of two words?
3. Which words only have six letters?

Using Our Words
A Write a sentence for each picture.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

BE Sharp
Speaking
A Decode the words.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
1. 4-5-22-9-3-5
2. 16-21-12-19-1-20-5
3. 3-12-21-19-20-5-18
4. 19-9-7-14-1-12
5. 4-21-18-1-2-12-5
6. 5-13-9-20
7. 16-9-24-5-12
8. 9-14-4-9-3-1-20-15-18
9. 5-6-6-9-3-9-5-14-20
10. 5-12-5-3-20-18-15-14-9-3
B Discuss with a partner.
1. Which words were most difficult to understand?
2. Which words did you already know?
3. How many new words did you learn?

BE Fluent
A Listen and say. Ask a family member to grade your pronunciation. CD 1 Track 5
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
Excellent Good More

Work Practice Parent’s Signature

47

The
eate s t
Gr
Invention
A Think about the following questions and write your answers.
1. In your opinion, which inventions or discoveries have caused the greatest impact on the
world? Make a list.
2. Choose the invention or discovery from your list that you believe has had the greatest effect
on the world and state your reasons for your choice.
3. Think about how the world would be different today without that invention. Write your ideas.
B Read and follow the instructions.
1. Form groups of 5 students and get together.

2. Take turns reading your answers.
3. Discuss the answers and come to a consensus.
4. Write down your group’s consensus.
C Choose a discovery or invention to investigate. Get as much information as possible on how it has
affected the world. Think about how it might affect the future. Write down your findings.

Project

50

Language
BE Literate 2
WEEK
UNIT
6
Connecting
A Listen to the passage. CD 1 Track 10
Key Words
Y
acoustical
echolocation
murky
reflect
BE Responsible researching
sonar
What do we mean by responsible sunken
behavior? Discuss it with your
classmates.

B Answer the questions in complete sentences.
1. Why is it difficult to see in murky water?
Language
2. What sources of information could you use to research sonar?
3. Where would you be able to see a reflection of yourself?
Practicing
A Choose the best word to complete each sentence.
1. Sonar (is / are) a technology that senses the location of objects in the ocean.
2. The word sonar (stand / stands) for “sound navigation and ranging.”
3. Whales, dolphins, and bats also (uses / use) a natural type of sonar called echolocation.
4. Passive sonar (involve / involves) sonar for listening only.
5. Active sonar (send / sends) out sound waves in pulses.
6. Acoustical waves (bounces / bounce) off the object.
7. The sonar device (measures / measure) the time it takes for the sound pulses to reflect back to
the ship.
8. Rocks and metal (reflects / reflect) stronger signals than softer objects.
9. Today scientists (use / uses) sonar for researching the ocean and all its living creatures.
10. Side-scan sonar (involve / involves) instruments being towed behind ships.

Applying
A If you were a scientist searching the ocean

for a sunken ship, how would you use sonar If I &were &a &scie
ntist
to locate the ship? What objects might you &searching &for &a
find along the way? Write at least three
&sunken
&ship, I &would &u
paragraphs describing your discovery.
se...

Practicing
Remember, the verb in a sentence must agree in number with the subject. For example,
R
Re
if the subject is singular, the verb must be in singular form.
if
Language
Example: The scientist studies whales and dolphins.
The word scientist is singular, so it takes the singular verb form studies, not the plural form study.
A Choose the correct words from the box to fill in the blanks.
bounce measure reflect send use

bounces measures reflects sends uses
1. You cannot see acoustical waves off an object.
2. Metal signals that are stronger than those of softer objects.
3. A whale echolocation.
4. One tool that dolphin echolocation is the Biosonar Measurement Tool,

or BMT.
5. An animal using echolocation out a high-pitched sound.
6. Sound sent out by a whale off an object and returns to the whale.
7. Horseshoe bats pulses of sound through their noses.
8. Different objects sound waves in different ways.
9. There are sonar devices that the time it takes for the sound pulses
to reflect back to the ship.
10. Why do you suppose some bats echolocation?

Connecting
A Read and listen to the passage. CD 1 Track 11 Video
The Amazing Medicine

Before the 1900s, many people who underwent surgery experienced a high risk of death. Doctors
had medications to treat infections on the skin’s surface. However, if bacteria entered the wound,
it poisoned the blood of the patient. What they needed was a remedy that could internally fight
bacteria that invaded the body.
In 1928, Dr. Alexander Fleming made an amazing observation in his laboratory in England.
He was studying a type of bacteria called staphylococci, which was known to infect wounds.
Nearby he was growing a mold called penicillium. The mold traveled through the air, found its
way to where the bacteria were growing, and contaminated the container. The mold destroyed
most of the bacteria. Fleming determined that the antibiotics in the mold killed the bacteria.
Antibiotics are natural substances that are released by bacteria and mold into the environment to
kill other microscopic organisms. Fleming called his discovery penicillin. He found that penicillin
killed bacteria that caused certain diseases. Because he lacked the necessary resources, however,
Fleming could not continue with his research.
In 1939, Dr. Howard Florey and some of his colleagues at Oxford University in England
developed a powdered version of penicillin. World War II was taking place at the time. The idea of
having penicillin available for wounded soldiers was very popular. Dr. Florey traveled to the United
States with Norman Heatley, another Oxford scientist, in 1941. They brought a small amount of
penicillin with them. They went to the Department of Agriculture’s research laboratory in Peoria,
Illinois, to continue developing the medicine. By 1944, large amounts of penicillin were produced
to treat wounded American and British soldiers. Other countries wanted to purchase the medicine as
well. Manufacturing increased rapidly. The cost of a dose of penicillin
dropped from twenty dollars to fifty-five cents in just two years.
Penicillin has helped save thousands of lives, but it cannot cure
every disease. Throughout the years, other antibiotics have been
developed to fight off different diseases. Research continues to
find other cures for tougher bacteria. Who knows what other
amazing medicines will be discovered in the future!

Focusing
1. How do scientists use observation in their experiments?
Language
2. What does it mean when you find mold on a loaf of bread?
3. What are the two ways that the word patient can be used?
Focusing
A Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.
1. Before the 1900s, many people who underwent surgery (experienced / experience) a high risk of death.
2. If bacteria entered the wound, it (poison / poisoned) the patient’s blood.
3. In 1928, Dr. Alexander Fleming (made / make) an amazing observation in his laboratory in England.
4. The mold (contaminate / contaminated) the bactieria in a container.
5. Fleming (notice / noticed) that the mold destroyed most of the bacteria.
6. He (determined / determine) that the antibiotics in the mold killed the bacteria.
7. Fleming (call / called) his discovery penicillin.
8. He (find / found) that penicillin killed bacteria that caused certain diseases.
B Correct each sentence by changing the word in parentheses.
1. In 1939, Dr. Howard Florey (develop) a powdered version of penicillin.
2. The idea of having penicillin available for wounded soldiers (is) very popular
during World War II.
3. Dr. Florey (travel) to the United States with Norman Heatley in 1941.
4. By 1944, large amounts of penicillin (are) produced to treat wounded

American and British soldiers.
5. By 1946, the cost of a dose of penicillin (drop) from twenty dollars to fifty-five cents.

Applying
A Write at least three paragraphs about

a time when you were ill. Discuss whatt Once &when I &w
as
y or
remedies you received from your family &very &sick, &my
&doctor
from a doctor to make you feel better. &told &me...

59

60

Speaking
BE a Speaker 2
WEEK
UNIT
1
6
Word List
acoustical murky
alternative navigation
convert nonrenewable
cure research
dose resource
extract sonar
generate sunken
mold
Material
• sheets of paper
1. Get into groups of 4 students.
2. Cut out 40 squares of paper. Write 20 vocabulary words in pairs.
3. Place the squares with the words face down on a table and scramble.
4. Play concentration. You take turns finding each word pair. When you find the pair, make a
sentence using the word. If the sentence is correct you keep the two pieces of paper. If not, you
return them to the table.
5. The team with the most pieces of paper wins.

Word List
Listen and point.
Speaking
1
acoustical alternative convert cure dose
extract generate mold murky navigation
nonrenewable research resource sonar sunken

Words in Context
Solar power is a form of alternative energy that is

generated from the sun.
Fossil fuels are a nonrenewable resource.
Oil is converted into gasoline.
Mold is a type of fungus that can grow on plants, in the

ocean, on food and even in houses.
Scientists do research to find cures for diseases.
Plant extracts are often used in medicine.
Sometimes when you go to the doctor, they will give you a dose
of medicine to help you get better.
1 Commercial fishing boats use sonar as a technique for navigation.
Sonar uses acoustical information and echoes to locate

schools of fish.
Sonar can even be used to find sunken objects at the bottom

of the ocean.
When water becomes polluted, it becomes murky and hard

to see through.

Spelling Our Words
A Circle the misspelled words and write them correctly on the lines.
1. She played a series of accoustical songs at the concert.
2. If she couldn’t afford university, she had an alltarnetive plan to study at community college.
Speaking
3. He suggested that we kunver the spare room into a guest room for visitors.
4. I think the best cuure for a sore throat is lemon tea with honey.
5. The doctors gave him a doos of penicillin to ease the pain.
6. The scientist made an exchrract of the plant to see what healing properties it contained.
7. In order to genarete enough media attention, they decided to invite everyone to the rally.
8. I found a lot of old food in my fridge and most of it was covered in muld.
9. After bathing the dog, I noticed the water turned dirty and was very muurkie.
10. Captains of large ships use navagitoin techniques to direct their way through the ocean.
11. Coal is a fossil fuel and is nunrenawiblle energy.
12. They were doing reseearrch in the library for their school play.
13. The teacher had many resauce textbooks to help her prepare the lesson.
14. Underwater submarines use zonar to locate what is in front of them under the sea.
15. The divers discovered a sinkan ship surrounded by sharks.
B Answer the questions.
1. Which word has the prefix non?
2. Which words have one syllable?
3. Which words end with the letter -n?

Using Our Words
A Write a word for each picture. Identify the missing word!

BE Sharp
1. 1.
2. 2.
Speaking
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.
6. 6.
7. 7.
8. 8.
9. 9.
10. 10.
11. 11.
12. 12.
13. 13.
14. 14.
15. 15.
C Discuss with a partner.

BE Fluent
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
Excellent Good More


69

The
eate s t
Gr
Invention
A Write your answers to the questions.
1. What did you find out about the invention or discovery you chose?
2. How different would the world be today without it?
3. Might the world be better in some ways without that discovery or invention? How?
1. Get into your groups.

2. Take turns reading your answers.
3. Discuss your answers and come to a consensus on which the most important discovery or
invention is.
4 Write down your group’s consensus.
C Make a plan on how you want to present your invention or discovery to the rest of the class.

Project

72

Language
BE Literate 3
WEEK
UNIT
6
Practicing
The
Th
T h past tense tells about things that have already happened. For most verbs,
th p
the
th past tense form is made by adding the ending –ed. Irregular verbs have other forms
in the past tense.
Example: If bacteria entered the wound, it poisoned the blood.
A Underline the verbs in each sentence. Then, write the sentence in past tense on the lines beneath.
1. In the 1900s many people experience death, because bacteria poisons the blood and
causes infections.
2. In 1928 Alexander Fleming is working in his laboratory when he notices that mold destroys bacteria.
3. The mold travels through the air, finds its way to where the bacteria is growing, and
contaminates the container.
4. Fleming determines that the antibiotics in the mold are responsible, and he calls the discovery
penicillin.
5. Two other doctors travel to the United States and make the medicine in the laboratory; the price
drops because other countries want to purchase the medicine.

Connecting
A Read the passage. Video
Gasoline, which powers most of our vehicles and machines,

comes from oil. Oil is a nonrenewable resource. Once
all the oil is extracted from Earth, there will not be any
more left to use. The burning of gasoline emits fumes
Language
that pollute the air. Many scientists believe this pollution
contributes to global warming. The temperatures of Earth’s
climates are increasing in a short period of time. Many
people fear Earth’s atmosphere will be destroyed if something is not done to change things soon.
Engineers have developed different methods of powering vehicles than using only gasoline.
Hybrid vehicles use a combination of gasoline and electricity to run. The hybrid system allows cars
to travel for longer distances on a tank of gas. Some manufacturers will produce fully electric cars in
the future. Gas stations will have plug-in pumps for people to charge up their cars. Drivers will save
a lot of money with these vehicles.
Other natural substances besides oil are also being used for power. Ethanol is an alternative fuel
produced from corn in the United States. In Brazil, people convert sugar cane into ethanol. Brazil
produces so much ethanol that it eventually will not need to import fuel from any other country.
Many countries also hope they will become energy independent one day.
Wind and solar power are two important forms of alternative energy. Wind turbines generate
energy and convert that energy into electricity. This electricity is then sent to power plants, where
it is sent to homes and businesses. Solar panels
are used to power homes. They will become more
popular and less expensive as technology improves.
Nuclear power is also popular in certain countries.
More scientists will find safer ways to contain and
utilize nuclear power. The United States already has
a number of nuclear power plants, but this will be
another energy option for the United States in the
near future.

1. How do you extract toothpaste from its tube?
2. What is an alternative to eating a peanut butter and jelly sandwich for lunch?
3. How is ice converted into water?
Focusing
A Correct each sentence by replacing the underlined words to show that the action will happen
in the future.
1. Once all the oil is extracted from Earth, there is not any more left to use.
2. Many people feel Earth’s atmosphere is destroyed if something is not done to change things.
3. Gas stations have plug-in pumps for people to charge up their electric cars.
4. Drivers save lots of money with hybrid and electric vehicles.
5. Brazil produces so much ethanol that it eventually does not need to import fuel from any
other country.
6. Many countries also hope one day they become energy independent.
7. Wind turbines generate energy for power plants.
8. They become more popular and less expensive as technology improves.
9. More scientists find safe ways to contain nuclear power.
10. We have to convert to alternative sources of energy before it is too late.
11. Then this world is a cleaner and safer place for everyone.

Applying
A Think about the different types of

In &the &future, &w
alternative energy and fuels. Write at least e &will
&use &different &sou
three paragraphs about the ones that you rces &of
&energy, &such &as.
will most likely use someday. Describe how ..
and why you will use them.
Language

78

Practicing
Use the future tense to describe an action that will happen in the future by adding will
U
Us
before
be
b efor the infinitive form of the verb. For a negative form, add will not in front of the infinitive.
Example: He goes to school. He will go to school. He will not go to school.
Reverse the order of the subject and the word will when asking questions in future tense.
Example: Will he go to school? Yes, he will go to school.
Language
A Underline the verbs in each sentence. Then, write the sentence in future tense on the lines beneath.
1. People in sunny climates are able to generate much of their own power through solar energy.
2. With solar energy, people saved a lot of money on their energy bills.
3. Brazil becomes energy independent this year.
4. From which regions do we extract our oil and natural gas?
5. Hopefully engineers have found a way to make hybrid cars that run on fuel cells.
6. Did people destroy pristine areas in the search for more energy?
7. We do not need leaders who do not support the development of alternative energy.

80

Speaking
BE a Speaker 3
WEEK
UNIT
1
6
Word List
abstract outcome
consumer overexposure
convey passionate
destiny product
difference radiation
emotion rocket
exaggerate soar
mood
Material
• soft ball or a crumpled

sheet of paper
1. Get into groups of 5 and form circles.
2. One of you takes the ball, throws it to a classmate and says a word from the list or from a
previous lesson.
3. The student who catches the ball must make a logical sentence with the word. Then throws the
ball to another classmate and says a different word. That student makes a sentence and throws
the ball to another classmate following the same procedure.
4. If someone makes a mistake or the sentence is not logical they sit down, and the others continue
until only 1 student is left.
5. You can also use words from previous lists.

Word List
Listen and point.
Speaking
abstract consumer convey destiny difference
emotion exaggerate mood outcome overexposure
passionate product radiation rocket soar

Words in Context
The painting was very abstract and it was difficult to

understand what the artist tried to convey.
Some people believe we are in control of our own destiny and we

create our own future.
The actress exaggerated her role to show a lot of emotion.
It was a passionate performance.
1 She created a mood of sadness mixed with hope.
The outcome of the performance was a round of applause.
Overexposure to UV radiation from the sun can result in sunburn.
Some consumers believe there is a difference of quality between the

products of well-known and lesser-known brands.
The rocket soars into space on its first flight.

Spelling Our Words
A Listen and write. CD 1 Track 18
Speaking
B Answer the questions.
1. Which words end with the letter y?
2. Which words end with the letters -ate?
3. Which words have double consonants?

Using Our Words
A Write a sentence under each picture using a word or words from the list.

BE Sharp
A Unscramble the words to complete each sentence. Then write the shaded letters in the
corresponding numbered space below to answer the question.
1. His mother used to tell him that his was to be a famous stage
1
director. TIDNYES
2. The play was and had no dialogue. SABTCTRA

2 3
3. His was always changing from happy to sad to angry. OMDO

4
Speaking
4. The final love scene was incredibly and
5
moving. TESIOPASNA
5. She would remember a memory as a child to recreate the same

6
on stage. TIEMOON
6. They rehearsed every day for one month and the final was a
7
successful play. MEOCOUT
7. The between theater acting and film acting is

8
that theater is live. FERENDIFCE
8. I used to my stories to make them more

9
interesting. EGTEXARAGE
What do you call a person who works on script development and coordinates
the relationship between the director and writer in a theater?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

BE Fluent
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
Excellent Good More


89

The
eate s t
Gr
Invention
A Write your answers to the questions.
1. Think about your plan. You should contrast the past with the present, and a possible future.
Do you want to write a story, make a model, give a short presentation?
2. What materials do you need? Where will you get more information?
1. Take turns reading your answers to your group.

2. Discuss your answers.
3. Write your consensus.
C Vote on which plan you want to develop and present to the rest of the class.

Project

92

Language
Digital Book 4
WEEK
UNIT
1
3
Digital Book
1. When does the story take place?
2. What is the genre of the story?
3. Where does the story take place?
4. What happened to the people who lived in the house? How do you know this?
5. Who cleaned the house, cooked, played music, lit the fire, etc.?
6. What happened to the house at the end of the story?
7. What did the people who lived in the house like to do? How do you know?

B Think about the story and how it made you feel. Write your opinion of the story, if you think this
is a possibility for our future, and how an event like this might be prevented.

96

Speaking
BE a Speaker 4
WEEK
UNIT
1
6
Word List
bent risen
burst sewn
cut spun
dug swung
fed thought
heard wept
hurt won
met
Material
• soft ball or sheet of

paper rolled into a ball
1. Get into groups of 5 or 6 students.
2. The student who begins throws the ball to a classmate, and asks a question about a vocabulary
word without saying the word. The classmate has to answer the correct word to ask someone
else a question. Then, they throw the ball to another classmate and asks about a different word,
and that student answers. For example: What's another word for when the sun has gone up?
Answer: risen
3. It is important for you to ask and answer quickly.
4. If the student who answers makes a mistake he/she sits down and gives the ball to another
student who has to answer the question. The last student standing wins the game.

Word List
Listen and point.
thought risen met burst dug
Speaking
won bent swung cut sewn
heard wept hurt spun fed
C Listen and repeat CD 2 Track 2

Words in Context
The water balloon burst when I caught it!
I saw an accident today. A little girl was riding her bike near
the supermarket, when the wind spun some boxes around and they fell.
One of the boxes hit the girl. I ran over to help her, and saw that she had cut her leg.
She didn't cry when she got hurt, but wept when the nurse cleaned the cut.
The wheel of her bike was bent, so I fixed it.
The sun had already risen when we met at the train station.
The men swung the luggage onto the train.
1 No, I haven't heard the news. What happened?
The marathon was won by a 13 year old boy!
Have you sewn the pants? I really need them.
The gardener dug the holes for the trees.
Listen, the cat is meowing. Has it been fed?

No, it hasn't. I thought you had fed it.

Spelling Our Words
Speaking
B Answer the following questions.
1. Which words have the same past, and past participle form?
2. Which words have the same vowel sound?
3. Which words have silent consonants?

Using Our Words
A Write a sentence for each picture.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

BE Sharp
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Speaking
12.
13.
14.
15.

BE Fluent
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
Excellent Good More


105

The
eate s t
Gr
Invention
A Get into your groups to work on your plan for the invention or discovery you want to present to
the rest of the class.

Project

108

5
Writing
BE a Writer WEEK
UNIT
6
Poetry
A Read the text.
Could I Be the One?

By Angela Maria Padron
I’ve heard, “Our generation’s destiny is written by us. The future is ours to take.”
But what could I possibly do about it? What difference could I make?
Could I be the next person to soar like a rocket into space,
And investigate every planet for another human race?
Could I be the one who goes ’round the world to find a new species,
Or who lives in the depths of the ocean or high up in the trees?
Could I be the one to find a cure to save somebody’s life,
Or who feeds the poor and helps the ill and stops conflicts and strife?
Could I be the one to find a fuel that does not pollute our air,
And makes our planet a better place for all of us to share?
Could I be the one who has regrets in choosing to sit and wait,
While others with more courage have stepped up to the plate?
Or will I reflect back on my life when I’m older and say,
That I was the one who made a difference in this world today?

1. What is this poem about?
2. What words in the poem have the same sounds? Where are these words located?
3. What do you notice about the way the lines are grouped?
4. What patterns do you see?
Writing
BE Responsible
What should you be responsible for?

Writing Poetry
Poetry
P
Po
o is a type of writing that uses words to express thoughts and feelings. A poem usually
has
h as a central theme or topic. Sometimes the theme or statement of a poem can be abstract. This
means that the reader may have to analyze the poem for the deeper meaning behind the words.
Other times, the poem says exactly what the poet means.
Just as standard text is written in paragraphs, poems are written in stanzas. A stanza is a group
of lines arranged together in a pattern of meter and rhyme. Meter is the recurring pattern of
stressed and unstressed syllables. It is the rhythm or flow of how lines of words are read. Rhyme
is when at least two words have the same ending sound. Couplets are two lines in a poem whose
last words rhyme.
When writing poetry, consider the following elements:
Key Words
• Diction—the words you choose. Select words so the meanings and Y
sounds of the words add to the tone and feeling of the poem. abstract
• Denotation—the definition of a word. Choose the best word to connotation
describe what you mean. couplets
• Connotation—the emotions and ideas that are associated with those denotation
words. Choose words whose associations can help you set a mood. diction
• Imagery—descriptions that help the reader use his or her five senses imagery
to understand the poem. Choose descriptive words that appeal to all meter
senses so the reader can experience what you are describing. poetry
rhyme
• Rhyme scheme—the pattern of rhyming the last word in two or more
rhyme scheme
lines. Decide whether you will rhyme the last word of consecutive lines
rhythm
or of alternating lines.
stanza
A Think about a way in which you could make a difference in the world. You may discover something
new or create a new invention that could be used by people everywhere on Earth. Write a poem
with at least ten couplets about this topic. Arrange these couplets into stanzas in order to express
your ideas effectively.

113

Practicing
A For each clue, fill in the corresponding boxes with the correct vocabulary word.
2 3
4 5
6 7
9 10
11
12
ACROSS
2. the recurring pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a poem
7. pairs of lines whose last words rhyme
8. when at least two words have the same ending sound
10. a group of lines arranged together in a pattern of meter and rhyme
11. the emotions and ideas associated with words
12. the kind of writing that uses words to express thoughts and feelings
DOWN
1. the literal definition of a word
3. a type of idea that should be analyzed for deeper meaning behind the words
4. the pattern of rhyming the last word in two or more lines of a poem
5. words chosen in a poem to add to its tone and feeling
6. the flow of how lines of poetry are read
9. descriptions evoking the reader’s senses

Alliteration and Assonance
Alliteration is the repetition of the same consonant sound at the beginning of two or more words
that are near each other in a line of poetry. Alliteration is used to join words or concepts through a
type of repetition. It can follow specific patterns of repetition. It does not necessarily mean that all
the words will begin with the same letter. These are some examples of alliteration:
Nancy knows her nephew needs nurturing.
Samuel saw a circus seal slip on the slide.
Sometimes the alliteration connects a number of words with such similar sounds that they can
be difficult to read. An example of this would be a tongue-twister. This is when you feel as if your
tongue is getting all tied up when you read the words, as in the following examples:
Peter Piper picked a pair of pickled peppers.
She sells seashells by the seashore.
Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds in two or more words that appear close to each other
in poetry. While alliteration is the repetition of beginning sounds and rhyme is the repetition of end
sounds, assonance usually involves the repetition of middle sounds. For example, the long i sound is
repeated in the following stanza:
And the stars never rise but I feel the bright eyes
Of the beautiful Annabel Lee; Key Words
Y
And so, all the night-tide, I lie down by the side
alliteration
Of my darling, my darling, my life and my bride.
Writing
assonance
~ from “Annabel Lee,” by Edgar Allan Poe consonant
Both alliteration and assonance are not meant to be the mood
underlying structure of a poem. Instead, they are used to enhance repetition
it. Alliteration is not as common as rhyming, but it can be used tongue-twister
to emphasize a word or line of poetry. Assonance is often used to vowel
stress the importance of certain words or to express a mood.

Applying
A Identify each group of words as either alliteration, assonance, or neither. Explain the sound
patterns that helped you determine your answer.
1. The boat floats down a road to nowhere.
2. Kevin can count cookies carefully.
3. A dog found a bone outside.
4. Henry has a whole hotdog and half a ham.
5. Life is too short to let it slip away.
6. The time is right; I cannot lie.
7. The sounds of the sea still seem serene to me.
8. Monday mornings make me moody.
9. The cop stopped the robber as he was hopping on top of a bus stop.
10. This journey ends but a new one begins.
B Write a poem of at least three stanzas about the invention of the LED that includes an example of
alliteration and an example of assonance.

117

118

Speaking
BE a Speaker 5
WEEK
UNIT
1
6
Word List
attention examination
administration exception
civilization generation
collection information
combination preparation
competition vacation
conversation vaccination
education
Material
• sheets of paper,
stopwatch
1. Get into groups of 5 and form a circle.
2. Choose one of the words on the list. You have one minute to write as many words as you can
from the word you chose. Your teacher will tell you when to start and stop.
3. When the time is over, compare your lists. The student with the most correct words wins the round.
4. Choose another word and continue.

Word List
A Listen. CD 2 Track 8 The suffix –tion makes a noun out of an

adjective or verb.
Listen and point.
attention administration civilization collection combination
Speaking
competition conversation education examination exception
Science
generation information preparation vacation vaccination

Words in Context
It was the third time he won the chess competition.
He had a collection of trophies in his bedroom.
Preparation for a school examination includes studying and

reviewing notes.
There are no exceptions; everyone must study.
Education is essential to advance the progress of civilization.
Some people find it hard to focus and pay attention for long
periods of time.
We are living in a computer generation and our biggest

source of information is the Internet.
It is best to do your research using a combination of

sources, including reference books.
The school administration manages all of the business of running

the school.
1 Every time she went on vacation to India, she had to get a series of
vaccinations.
I called my sister and had a long conversation with her on Sunday.

Spelling Our Words
A Find eight words from the lesson in the puzzle.
B C O N V E R S A T I O N P N
D E Z C X W H K C N Y H C N W
G L K W P C U V D Z O E P I C
T E V H E Z D R V U K D W C O
P B Y N R I P O A O Y U N A M
I R H U Z O K V C E U C W K B
N A P I E N O X A N A A C Z I
M T N Z X O A T T E N T I O N
S I X D C D H X I A C I H C A
C O L L E C T I O N R O E N T
X N W E P R N O N W S N U V I
Speaking
Y R S H T C K I U E P X R Y O
Science
R Z U V I X W O V H D H K O N
E K C Z O K A P X K O D W N H
F N P Y N W U R P I E K Y I P
BE Responsible
Do you always do what you are told?

Spelling Our Words
B Write the –tion word that is based on the word in bold in the sentence.
Example: The school’s administrator works from Monday to Friday.
His office is in the administration building.
1. We celebrate Mother’s Day in May. It’s a nice .
2. The Incas and the Mayas were organized, civilized groups. They were important
.
3. Jim collects shells. He has a large .
4. Our exam is in two weeks. The is an important part of our grade.
5. The director conversed with one of the parents. They had a long .
6. The school informed us of the change in teachers. That is important .
7. We were all ready with our presentations, except Julian. But he was sick, so the teacher made
an . Julian will present next week.
8. Did you prepare for the presentation? We don’t have any time
in class.
9. My mother combined melon and strawberry, and added it to our cereal. It was a good
.
10. We were attentive in class; we always pay to the teacher.
C Answer the questions.
1. Which words start with the letters ex-?
2. Which word has 14 letters?
3. Which words have double consonants?

Using Our Words
A Write a word for each picture.
Speaking
Science

BE Sharp
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.
6. 6.
7. 7.
8. 8.
9. 9.
10. 10.
11. 11.
12. 12.
13. 13.
14. 14.
15. 15.

BE Fluent
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
Speaking
Science
11 12 13 14 15
Excellent Good More


The
eate s t
Gr
Invention
1. Sit in a circle and take turns presenting what you planned.

2. One of you will summarize the presentations.
3. Vote on which plan you liked the most and implement it the following week.

Project

130

BE a Writer 6 Writing
WEEK
UNIT
6
Revising
A Check to see if you included these things in your poem.
Is your poem focused on a single topic?
Did you write couplets that rhyme and have the same meter?
Are your lines organized into stanzas?
Do you have clear rhyme schemes?
Did you consider denotation and connotation in your diction?
Do your descriptions convey imagery?
Did you use rhyme, alliteration, and assonance effectively?
B Rewrite your poem on another sheet of paper, making any necessary corrections.

133

Practicing
A For each clue, unscramble the correct vocabulary word and write it in the spaces provided. Then,
write each shaded letter in its corresponding numbered space at the bottom of the page to answer
the question.
1. the poetic technique that is the repetition of vowel sounds in two or more words that appear
close to each other
OEASNCANS
3
2. any letter of the alphabet, except the five vowels
STOONCNNA
5
3. a particular feeling
ODMO
1
4. the act of doing something over and over again
IEPRENITTO
4
5. a phrase that is difficult to say quickly
GOTUNE SEIRWTT
2
6. any letter of the alphabet that is not a consonant
EOVLW
7
7. the repetition of the same consonant sound at the beginning of two or more words that
are near each other
TOLLAREAIINT
6
What kind of effect can poetic devices such as alliteration and assonance produce?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

135

136

BE an Artist 6 Arts
WEEK
UNIT
6
Sing Along
A Listen to the song. CD 2 Track 14
The Star-Spangled Banner

By Francis Scott Key
Oh say, can you see, by the dawn’s early light,

What so proudly we hailed at the twilight’s last gleaming?
Whose broad stripes and bright stars, through the perilous fight,
O’er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming?
And the rockets’ red glare, the bombs bursting in air,
Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there.
Oh say, does that star-spangled banner yet wave
O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave?
On the shore, dimly seen through the mists of the deep,
Where the foe’s haughty host in dread silence reposes,
What is that which the breeze, over the towering steep,
As it fitfully blows, half conceals, half discloses?
Now it catches the gleam of the morning’s first beam,
In full glory reflected now shines in the stream:
’Tis the star-spangled banner! Oh long may it wave
O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave!
B Sing the song.
C Answer the questions in complete sentences.
1. What is the difference between dawn and twilight?
2. Which is brighter: a gleam or a glare?
3. How is a costume decorated with glitter similar to the American flag?

Practicing
A For each clue, unscramble the correct vocabulary word and write it in the spaces provided. Then,
write each shaded letter in its corresponding numbered space at the bottom of the page to answer
the question.
1. decorated with small, glittering objects
SAEPGDNL
10 13
2. a ray or shaft of light
BMAE
14
3. hides or blocks from view
LSNCCEOA
9 3
4. a brief glow or flash of light
MLAGE
15
5. an intense, blinding light
RLGEA
7
6. an enemy
EOF
12 6
7. the time of day between sunset and darkness
HTTWGIIL
1 8 2
8. the time in the morning when daylight begins
Arts
WADN
4 11
9. shining or glowing
GGEAILMN
5
What is the “star-spangled banner”?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Contrast
A Read the text.
El Greco (1541–1614) was a famous painter from the

16th century. He was born on the island of Crete in Greece.
His real name was Domenikos Theotokopoulos. He was
called El Greco (“the Greek”) while working in Spain.
El Greco’s work was very passionate and full of
emotion. He was greatly influenced by his surroundings.
El Greco included scenes from his homeland of Greece in
his paintings. He also incorporated landscapes of Spain
as well as Venice, Italy, where he studied. However, his
paintings were often exaggerated. The overall mood of
some of his paintings was torture, death, or struggle. Dark View from Toledo, painted by
skies loomed over the land to add to the emotion of the El Greco (1597)
painting. El Greco painted very elongated, depressing
figures. He also used extreme contrasts of vivid colors and values. Contrasts are opposing elements,
such as light and dark or black and white. Contrasts add to the dramatic appearance of a painting.
El Greco was not very popular in his time. In fact, his art was forgotten for nearly 300 years.
When his work was rediscovered, his popularity among artists, collectors, and art historians soared.
Today he is regarded as one of the most interesting and dynamic artists in history.
Supplies
B Create a drawing with contrast. Y
• white drawing paper
1. Decide on a scene you would like to draw.
• pencil and eraser
Think about a place you have visited or seen.
• crayons or colored pencils
2. Draw an outline of this scene on your paper.
3. Draw people with elongated features, such as

long arms, legs, and heads. Make sure their
faces portray some type of emotion.
BE Responsible
4. Use crayons and colored pencils to color your
drawing. Include contrasts of different colors It isn’t easy, but you should always
and values. take responsibility for what you do.

141

Applying
A Compare your drawing and the painting by El Greco.
1. How did you incorporate contrast? How did El Greco use it?
2. How did the contrast and exaggeration add to the dramatic appearance and mood of
your drawing? What effect did it have in El Greco’s painting?

Practicing
A Fill in each blank with the correct vocabulary word. Then, find those words in the puzzle below.
1. When a depiction of something makes the figure long and narrow or slender, the depiction
is .
2. The word refers to an emotional state of mind or feeling.
3. When something appears to be more noticeable or extreme than usual, that something
is .
4. Another word for a strong feeling is a(n) .
5. To use is to use opposing elements, such as light and dark or

black and white.
6. Being about something is showing or expressing strong feelings.
7. The parts or details an artist uses in his or her painting or sculpture are called
of art.
8. The of an artist is how much his or her work is liked or approved of.
C S E E L E F E N T S M O O T T
E L A L U C P A S S I O N A T E
A X E O O D O T I O N O N O L L
O X A N P S P N G A T D N E S E
C G N G D N U O T L T M S F M M
E K D A G U L L Y R U K E M E E
T I R T R E A A R G A G M W F N
Arts
V A E E G O R A M L O S O U C T
L Y I D L A I A X O I U T T E S
M O N I N J T G T S N E I P O X
N E A S R E Y G K E X S O O D E
F O B M E R X A G G D T N Q U D

144

BE a Speaker 6 Speaking
WEEK
UNIT
1
6
Word List
banner landscape
beam mist
burst outline
collector shore
conceal still life
contrast stream
dawn twilight
elongated
Material
• strips of paper, boxes

or plastic bags
1. Get into groups of 10. Divide each group into two teams. Write the vocabulary words from this
unit and/or from others on squares of paper, fold them, and put them into a box.
2. One person from a team takes a word and makes a drawing so the others can guess the word.
Each team gets 5 tries. If no one guesses the word put it back in the box and the other team
gets its turn.
3. The team to guess the most words wins.

Word List
Listen and point.
twilight elongated burst dawn outline
banner stream contrast mist beam
Speaking
collector shore conceal still life landscape

Words in Context
El Greco painted people with elongated features.
1 We watched as the mist came down the valley.
It gave the landscape a surreal quality as the twilight deepened.
He is an enthusiastic collector of still life paintings.
We could just see the outline of the shore from the plane,
in the still dark dawn.
A beam of sunlight burst through the cloudy sky.
It was a sharp contrast to the dark.
They tried to conceal the contraband, but were found out.
The banner waved softly in the breeze.
The stream reflected the red sky before disappearing.

Spelling Our Words
A Find the words from the lesson in the puzzle. Identify two words from the lesson that are missing.
B A M W S E E T R B M X
S T O I I Z K L P E U M
T W U U S T R E A A M C
I E C A U T O F V M G O
L E C O N T R A S T E N
L A N D S C A P E A B C
L P U S R E N P Z S O E
I P D D R W D V I H O A
F A D O Y E I A P E T L
E F H N O Q E Y W T S U
U S U Y O U T L I N E R
T W I L I G H T H F A M
Write the words you find here.
Speaking
B Find the missing words.

Using Our Words
A Write a word for each pictutre.

BE Sharp
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.
6. 6.
7. 7.
8. 8.
9. 9.
10. 10.
11. 11.
12. 12.
13. 13.
14. 14.
15. 15.
Speaking

BE Fluent
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
Excellent Good More


153

The
eate s t
Gr
Invention
1. Sit in a circle and talk about your experience implementing your plan for the invention
or discovery.
2. One of you will summarize the discussion.
B Now, listen to your teacher’s feedback. Take notes if necessary.

Project

156

157

CD Tracks
CD 1
Week 1
Track 2 Tongue Twister
Track 3 Reading: Lighting Up Our World
Tracks 4 - 9 BE a Speaker
Week 2
Track 10 Listening: Sonar
Track 11 Listening: The Amazing Medicine
Week 3
CD 2
Week 4
Week 5
Week 6
Track 14 Song: The Star Spangled Banner
Track 15 Song: You’re a Grand Old Flag
158


CRUZ For 6 Grade

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CRUZ For 6 Grade

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6 th Theme: Knowing

Universal Understanding: Inventions

PRI6 BE BL BIM4 U6 STD.indb 1 10/12/12 01:36 p.m.

General Content Director Illustrations

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Bodily / Kinesthetic Interpersonal Intrapersonal

Logical / Mathematical Musical Naturalist

Verbal / Linguistic Visual / Spatial

Video Digital Activity

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Knowing Our World 17

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A Answer the questions in complete sentences.

1. What might this story be about?

18 Knowing Our World

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Unit 6 · Discoveries and Inventions 19

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In 1962, Nick Holonyak, a researcher at

Modern incandescent bulbs are cost-effective;

20 Knowing Our World

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Unit 6 · Discoveries and Inventions 21

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22 Knowing Our World

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Unit 6 · Discoveries and Inventions 23

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24 Knowing Our World

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Unit 6 · Discoveries and Inventions 25

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26 Knowing Our World