EDR-8201: Statistics I

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Student: Shannon M. Crothers

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EDR-8201: Statistics I (continued)

Week 5 Worksheet
SPSS Week 5: ANOVA
Imagine a researcher is interested in examining the psychological impact of principals’ perceived conflict
management style on teachers’ productivity. In this case, the researcher is interested in the relationships among
teachers’ self-esteem, how teachers perceive their principals’ conflict management style, and teachers’ productivity.
Instead of conducting a power analysis before beginning the study, the researcher decided to use a convenience
sample of 40 teachers. These teachers completed a survey including a number of demographic questions as well as
measures to assess perceived principals’ conflict management style, teachers’ self-esteem, and productivity. Below
are demographic data and participants’ responses on teachers’ perceptions of their principals’ conflict management
style (cooperative vs. competitive) and the teacher productivity measure (50-point scale). Use these data to answer
the questions below (these data have already been entered into the teachersurvey.sav SPSS file).

NOTE: Not all of the variables in the teachersurvey.sav file will be used for this assignment.
Gender Perceived Conflict Productivity Scores

(M = male, F = female) Management Style (ProdOne)

(Conflict)

M Competitive 25

M Competitive 28

F Competitive 36

M Cooperative 38

F Competitive 34

F Cooperative 36

F Cooperative 40

F Cooperative 41

M Competitive 22

M Cooperative 38

F Cooperative 39

F Competitive 34

F Cooperative 38

F Competitive 37

M Cooperative 45

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EDR-8201: Statistics I (continued)
M Cooperative 46

F Competitive 30

M Competitive 34

F Competitive 33

M Competitive 36

M Cooperative 38

M Cooperative 42

F Cooperative 46

F Cooperative 49

M Competitive 37

F Cooperative 38

M Competitive 32

M Competitive 35

F Competitive 36

M Cooperative 45

F Cooperative 49

F Cooperative 48

F Competitive 36

M Competitive 33

F Competitive 34

F Competitive 36

M Cooperative 38

M Cooperative 48

F Cooperative 48

F Cooperative 49

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EDR-8201: Statistics I (continued)
Using SPSS, conduct a one-way ANOVA to test for differences in productive scores (ProdOne) in
relationship to subject taught (topic).

Oneway
Descriptives
ProdOne
95% Confidence Interval for Mean
N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound Minimum Maximum
1 10 35.80 7.627 2.412 30.34 41.26 25 49
2 14 37.64 6.744 1.802 33.75 41.54 22 49
3 9 38.67 5.362 1.787 34.55 42.79 30 48
4 7 42.00 5.508 2.082 36.91 47.09 36 49
Total 40 38.18 6.586 1.041 36.07 40.28 22 49

Post Hoc Tests

Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: ProdOne
Tukey HSD
(I) (J) 95% Confidence Interval
1=math,2=science,3=art,4=for 1=math,2=science,3=art,4=for Mean Difference
eign language eign language (I-J) Std. Error Sig. Lower Bound Upper Boun
1 2 -1.843 2.696 .903 -9.10 5
3 -2.867 2.992 .774 -10.93 5
4 -6.200 3.209 .233 -14.84 2
2 1 1.843 2.696 .903 -5.42 9
3 -1.024 2.782 .983 -8.52 6
4 -4.357 3.015 .480 -12.48 3
3 1 2.867 2.992 .774 -5.19 10
2 1.024 2.782 .983 -6.47 8
4 -3.333 3.282 .741 -12.17 5
4 1 6.200 3.209 .233 -2.44 14
2 4.357 3.015 .480 -3.76 12
3 3.333 3.282 .741 -5.51 12

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EDR-8201: Statistics I (continued)
Homogeneous Subsets
ProdOne
Tukey HSDa,b
Subset for alpha
1=math,2=science,3=art,4=for = 0.05
eign language N 1
1 10 35.80
2 14 37.64
3 9 38.67
4 7 42.00
Sig. .184
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 9.403.
b. The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the
group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed.

Which variable is the dependent variable and which is the factor?

Productive scores are the dependent variables, and the subjects taught are the factors

After conducting the ANOVA using SPSS, be sure to present the findings in APA table format.

ANOVA
ProdOne
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 164.961 3 54.987 1.297 .291
Within Groups 1526.814 36 42.412
Total 1691.775 39

What is the effect size? (Hint: Partial Eta Squared can be used; to obtain Partial Eta Squared, use the
General Linear Model approach to the analysis).
Case Processing Summary

Valid Cases Missing Total

N Percent N Percent N Percent
ProdOne * 40 100.0% 0 0.0% 40 100.0%
1=math,2=science,3=art,4=f
oreign language

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EDR-8201: Statistics I (continued)

ProdOne * 1=math,2=science,3=art,4=foreign language Crosstabulation

Count
1=math,2=science,3=art,4=foreign language
1 2 3 4 Total
ProdOne 22 0 1 0 0 1
25 1 0 0 0 1
28 1 0 0 0 1
30 0 0 1 0 1
32 0 1 0 0 1
33 1 1 0 0 2
34 3 1 0 0 4
35 1 0 0 0 1
36 0 2 3 1 6
37 0 1 0 1 2
38 1 2 2 1 6
39 0 1 0 0 1
40 0 0 0 1 1
41 0 0 1 0 1
42 0 1 0 0 1
45 0 1 1 0 2
46 0 1 0 1 2
48 1 0 1 1 3
49 1 1 0 1 3
Total 10 14 9 7 40

Directional Measures
Value
Nominal by Interval Eta ProdOne Dependent .312
1=math,2=science,3=art,4=f .673
oreign language Dependent

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EDR-8201: Statistics I (continued)
Between-Subjects Factors
N
1=math,2=science,3=art,4=f 1 10
oreign language 2 14
3 9
4 7

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Dependent Variable: ProdOne
Type II Sum of Partial Eta
Source Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Squared
Corrected Model 164.961a 3 54.987 1.297 .291 .098
58293.225 1 58293.225 1374.467 .000 .974
Intercept
Topic 164.961 3 54.987 1.297 .291 .098
Error 1526.814 36 42.412
Total 59985.000 40
Corrected Total 1691.775 39
a. R Squared = .098 (Adjusted R Squared = .022)

𝑛2 = 0.098

The obtained F of 1.297 is less than 𝐹𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 = 2.86, then the researcher fails to dismiss the null

hypothesis.

There was not a significant effect of subjects taught on ProdOne scores at the p<.05 level for the three

conditions [F(3,36) = 1.297, p = 0.291],

What can be concluded from these results? Be sure to consider possible study limitations and provide
recommendations for future research.

We do not have statistically compelling evidence at the α = 0.05 to display the difference between the

mean in ProdOne correlated to the classes. This study is limited by the fact that it is based on one school. If

other schools are included or used, different results may occur. Recommendation for future research would be

to compare this research with other schools.

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EDR-8201: Statistics I (continued)
Conduct a two-way ANOVA to test if there is a significant difference in self-esteem (using the
EsteemTwo variable in the teachersurvey.sav data set) across gender and across topic areas. Secondly, is
there an interaction effect between these factors?

Source SS df MS

Between treatments 334.320 7

Factor A 86.617 1 86.617 F = 1.722

Factor B 243.508 3 81.169 F = 1.614

A x B Interaction 81.816 3 27.272 F = .542

Within treatments 1609.455 32

Total 288061.000 39

Report the three hypotheses sets (null and alternative) associated with this research problem.

𝐻𝑜 : 𝜇𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒 = 𝜇𝑓𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒

𝐻𝑜 : 𝜇𝑚𝑎𝑡ℎ = 𝜇𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝜇𝑎𝑟𝑡 = 𝜇𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑔𝑒

𝐻1 : 𝐴𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡

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EDR-8201: Statistics I (continued)
Conduct the analysis using SPSS and present the analysis using APA format.

From SPSS: Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Dependent Variable: Esteem2

Type III
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Corrected Model 334.320a 7 47.760 .950 .483

Intercept 257297.708 1 257297.708 5115.724 .000

Gender (A) 86.617 1 86.617 1.722 .199

Topic (B) 243.508 3 81.169 1.614 .206

Gender * Topic 81.816 3 27.272 .542 .657

Error 1609.455 32 50.295

Total 288061.000 40

Corrected Total 1943.775 39

a. R Squared = .172 (Adjusted R Squared = -.009)

APA Format:

Source SS Df MS
Between treatments 334.320 7
Factor A 86.617 1 86.617 F = 1.722
Factor B 243.508 3 81.169 F = 1.614
A x B Interaction 81.816 3 27.272 F = .542
Within treatments 1609.455 32
Total 288061.000 39

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EDR-8201: Statistics I (continued)
Report the results in a narrative using APA format.

Factor A: Fail to reject because 𝐹(1 ,32) = 1.722

APA: The two-way ANOVA, F(1,32) = 1.722, demonstrated there is not a significant difference
between the genders.

Factor A: Fail to reject because 𝐹(1 ,32) = 1.61.

APA: The two-way ANOVA, F(1,32) = 1.61, demonstrated there is not a significant difference
between the courses.

Factor A: Fail to reject because 𝐹(1,32) = 0.542.

APA: The two-way ANOVA, F(1,32) = 0.542, demonstrated there is not a significant difference
between gender and courses.

What can be concluded from these results? Be sure to consider possible study limitations and provide
recommendations for future research.

There was no significant difference between gender and courses taught. The interaction between gender and topics

taught did not seem to have a significant difference in the data. A possible limitation of this study is it is based on

one school. Other schools may find different results. Recommendation for future research would be to compare

other schools.

Based on your personal experiences and interests, briefly discuss three factors and one dependent variable
to be used in a three-way ANOVA.

Based on some research ideas, or needs in the research area in the field of education, three factors and one

dependent variable that could be used in a three-way ANOVA would be based on how to increase parent

involvement through parent communication. The factors would be the gender of the teacher, type of

communication, the frequency of communication, and the dependent variable would be how often parents attend

school functions or volunteer in the classroom or on the campus.

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