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Migrating Ignimbrite Flares in the Central Andes, Implications for Crustal Evolution Based on
Chemical, Isotopic, Geochronological, and GIS-Based Volumetric Data
Gerhard Worner1, Melanie Brandmeier2, Heye Freymuth3 and Rosanne M Heistek1, (1)Univ Gottingen,
Gottingen, Germany, (2)Helmholtz Institute of Resource Technology, 09599 Freiberg, Germany,
(3)University of Bristol, Dept. of Earth Sciences, Bristol S8 1R, United Kingdom

Abstract Text:

Temporal and compositional patterns of Neogene ignimbrites in the Central Andes were analysed
using GIS and geostatistical modelling based on 203 digitized ignimbrite sheets for which
geochronological, geochemical, and Sr-Nd-Pb-isotopic data on pumices as well as Sr-O isotopes on
minerals from selected samples were compiled and compared to compositional and isotopic data
from andesite lavas. Composition, timing, volumes and sources of erupted ignimbrite deposits are
thus constrained and magma volumes through space and time are calculated. The total erupted
ignimbrite magma volume of 31,000 km3 (minimum value) in the past 30 Ma indicate an average
magmatic addition of 20-30 km3*Ma/km, similar to the basaltic “base”-flux for arc magmatism.
Ignimbrite flare-ups are, however, rather punctuated, short-lived events well separated in space and
time. There is a clear N-S “younging” of ignimbrite pulses from N to S at 19-24 Ma, 13-14 Ma, 6-10
Ma and 3-6 Ma. Ignimbrite eruptions occurred in the wake of subduction of the Juan-Fernandez ridge
on the Nazca Plate passing below the Central Andes from N to S. Low angle subduction caused
compression and fluid release is followed by massive inflow and melting of asthenospheric mantle
when the slab steepened again after the passing of the ridge. This in turn caused massive melting
within the crust aided by advective heat transport. Differences in chemical and isotopic composition
of the large-volume ignimbrites are related to changes in crustal thickness, and different
“preconditioning” during the Andean orogeny at a given space in time. Isotope data and whole rock
compositional data suggest a higher degree of crustal assimilation for the younger Altiplano
ignimbrites in the S (c. 50%) compared to the older (22-19 Ma) ignimbrites in the N were the crustal
component is significantly less (20%). REE compositions reflect changes in crustal thickness with a
"transition" at c. 13-9 Ma that can be related to accelerated crustal shortening and lower crustal
heating at that time. There is no “single” ignimbrite flare up, we suggest a more dynamic scenario,
with “flares” moving from N to S across the Central Andes during the past 25 Ma. Our database yield
volumes of mantle and crustal magmas produced through time and space and should aid to constrain
numerical models of Andean geodynamic processes.

Session Selection: Cordilleran-type arc systems in space and time

Title: Migrating Ignimbrite Flares in the Central Andes, Implications for Crustal Evolution Based on
Chemical, Isotopic, Geochronological, and GIS-Based Volumetric Data
Submitter's E-mail Address: gwoerner@gwdg.de
Preferred Presentation Format: Assigned by Program Committee (Oral or Poster)

First Presenting Author

Presenting Author
Gerhard Worner
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Submission Completed 31.07.14 12:04

Gerhard Worner

Primary Email: gwoerner@gwdg.de

Phone: 49551393971

Affiliation(s):

Univ Gottingen
Gottingen 37077 (Germany)

Second Author

Melanie Brandmeier

Primary Email: m.brandmeier@hzdr.de

Affiliation(s):

Helmholtz Institute of Resource Technology

09599 Freiberg (Germany)

Third Author

Heye Freymuth

Primary Email: glxhf@bristol.ac.uk

Affiliation(s):

University of Bristol
Dept. of Earth Sciences
Bristol S8 1R (United Kingdom)

Fourth Author

Rosanne M Heistek

Primary Email: hei_roos@hotmail.com

Affiliation(s):

Univ Gottingen
Gottingen 37077 (Germany)

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