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This article will talk about the basic design calculation of flue gas steel stack or
chimney design of a diesel genset.
- Find out the percentage of sulphur content in the diesel you are
using. Say it is P%.
- Select the flue gas velocity you want to keep inside the stack. Say Z
meters per second (Recommended flue gas velocity inside the stack
is 16 to 20 m/sec as per IS: 6533).
- Diameter (in mm) of the flue gas stack can be calculated as:
Conclusion
The design of the steel stack or chimney is important from the diesel
genset performance as well as air pollution point of view. While doing
the flue gas steel stack design calculations you should consider the
design formulas and local pollution control norms.
ELECTROCHLORINATION
Desalination plants require huge volumes of seawater for the generation of fresh
water. Seawater contains large amounts of microbiological fluids which, when passed
through the piping system, form biofouling in the inner surface of the pipeline, which
results in the reduction of the flow rate of water without proper chemical treatment.
Chlorine is the most commonly used disinfectant for water treatment applications for
the prevention of biofouling. The chlorine is available in many conventional forms,
but due to various limitations of the conventional methods, the electrochlorinators
that work on the principle of electrolysis are preferred across the globe for seawater
inlet system treatment. The electrochlorinator is a simple machine, which produces
onsite sodium hypochlorite solution by using only seawater as the raw material. The
hypochlorite generated by this unique technology is very safe, environmentally
friendly and economical. The equipment is user friendly and operates automatically
depending on the need. The process involved in the generation of sodium
hypochlorite is a simple electrolysis of seawater. The seawater is made to pass
through the electrolysers, which are fitted with dimensionally stable electrodes. When
DC power is passed through the electrolysers, the exothermic chemical reaction takes
place and sodium chloride in the seawater gets converted into sodium hypochlorite
solution (NaOCl).
Technical Details
Electrochlorination is a chemical process which uses water, common salt and
electricity to produce Sodium Hypochlorite(NaOCl). The brine solution (or sea
water) is made to flow through an electrolyzer cell, where direct current is
passed which leads to Electrolysis. This produces Sodium Hypochlorite
instantaneously which is a strong disinfectant. This is then dosed in water in the
required concentration to disinfect water, or to prevent Algae Formation and Bio
Fouling.
Operating Principle
In the Electrolyser, current is passed through the anode and cathode in the salt
solution, which is a good conductor of electricity, thus electrolysing the sodium
chloride solution.
This results in chlorine (Cl2) gas being produced at the anode, while sodium
hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen (H2) gas is produced at the cathode.
The chlorine further reacts with the hydroxide to form sodium hypochlorite
(NaOCl). This reaction can be simplified in the following manner:
The solution generated has a pH value between 8 and 8.5, and a maximum
equivalent chlorine concentration of less than 8 g/l. It has a very long shelf life
which makes it suitable for storage.
After dosing the solution into the water flow, no pH value correction is
necessary, as is often required in sodium hypochlorite produced by the
membrane method. The sodium hypochlorite solution reacts in a balance
reaction, resulting in hypochlorous acid: