z}lIfs a'n]l6g

EDUCATIONAL BULLETIN
lzIff dGqfno ;Dab\w lgsfox¿sf]
rf}dfl;s a'n]l6g jif{ @ c+s # @)&!
o; cª\sdf
;DkfbsLo lgsfout ultljlw

lz
;+:yf kl/ro M hgs lzIff ;fdu|L s]Gb| lnld6]8
Iff JolStsf] cGtlg{lxt k|ltef k|:km'6g ug]{ dfWod xf] . lzIff kl/of]hgf kl/ro M l;k ljsf; kl/of]hgf
s'g} klg JolSt ;d'bfo, /fi6« / cGt/f{li6«o If]qsf cGo ljifout lhNnf ultljlw M dsjfgk'/
If]qx¿sf] klg ;du| ljsf;sf] cfwf/ xf] . log} tYox¿nfO{
z}lIfs tflnd s]Gb| ultljlw M sfe|]
dgg ub}{ g]kfnsf] ;du| z}lIfs ljsf;df lzIff dGqfno / o; cGtu{tsf
ljleGg lgsfox¿n] cfjZostfdf cfwfl/t / lhDd]jf/Lsf cfwf/df cf– cg';+wfgsf] k|fKtL M lzIfs k];fut ljsf;
cfkm\gf sfo{j|mdx¿ ;Dkfbg ub}{ cfO/x]sf 5g\ . cfly{s jif{ @)&)÷&! df tflndsf] k|efjsfl/tf cWoog
ljleGg z}lIfs lgsfox¿n] :jLs[t sfo{s|dx¿ sfof{Gjog ubf{sf k[i7kf]if0f ;]jf ;DaGwL hfgsf/L
;d]tsf cfwf/df cfly{s jif{ @)&!÷)&@ sf sfo{s|dx¿ k|:tfj u/L :jLs[t ljZjsf] s'gf]
;d]t eO{ sfo{Gjogdf /x]sf 5g\ . o;} s|ddf g]kfn ;/sf/n] rfn' cfly{s
jif{ @)&!÷)&@ nfO{ lg/If/tf pGd"ng jif{ 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . o;}jif{b]lv ljleGg ;+:yfsf ;"rgfx¿ tyf clkn
k/LIf0fsf] ¿kdf P;=Pn=;L k/LIffdf cIf/fª\sg kb\wlt ;'? ePsf] 5 . o;sf
nflu k|fljlws tyf Jofj;flos lzIff wf/sf kfFr ljifo If]qsf] ljlzi6Ls/0f ;Nnfxsf/
tflnsf lgdf{0f ePsf 5g\ . jflif{s sfo{s|d cled'vLs/0f uf]i7L ;~rfng, sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs >L vu/fh a/fn
lgoldt k|ult ;Dk|]if0f / ;dLIff ;DalGwt lgsfox¿af6 ;DkGg ePsf dxflgb]{zs 8f= l8NnL/fd l/dfn
lgb]{zs >L b]ljgf k|wfgfª\u
5g\ . o;sf cltl/St o; cª\sdf :yfoL cWofkg cg'dlt–kqsf] glthf ;x–;lrj 8f= xl/k|;fb nD;fn
k|sfzgnufotsf cGo lgsfout ultljlwx¿nfO{ 5'6\6f5'66} ¿kdf pNn]v
u/L a'n]l6gnfO{ cem :t/Lo agfpg] k|of; ePsf] 5 . ;Dkfbg
>L /ljls/0f clwsf/L
o; a'n]l6gdf pNn]v ePsf ultljlw tyf ;"rgfx¿n] lzIff If]qdf eP u/]sf >L /]g'sf kf08] e';fn
;sf/fTds k|of;x¿nfO{ nlIft ju{x¿;Dd k'¥ofpg] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . >L k|]d/fh v/]n
lzIffsf] d'Vo nIo / pb\b]Zox¿ k|flKtsf nflu l;sf?, sfo{/t hgzlSt >L af]ws'df/ vgfn,
>L z+s/ clwsf/L
tyf ;+:yfut Ifdtfdf cb\ofjlws u/L gofF / lg/Gt/ l;sfOdf ¿kfGt/0f >L ;/:jtL e§/fO{
ug{ ;xof]u k'Ug] cfzf ug{ ;lsG5 . o;sf nflu sfo{s|d sfof{Gjogsf]
s|ddf b]lvPsf ;d:of / r'gf}tLx¿nfO{ lgsfout ;dGjo, ;fd"lxs k|of; / 6fOk tyf n]cfp6
;sf/fTds ;f]rsf ;fy sfd ug'{ cfhsf] cfjZostf /x]sf] 5 . >L v8f]; ;'g'jf/

æ;"rgfsf] xsÆ ;DaGwL hfgsf/L

æ;"rgfsf] xsÆ eGgfn] ;fj{hlgs lgsfodf /x]sf] ;fj{hlgs dxTTjsf] ;"rgf dfUg] / kfpg] clwsf/ ;Demg' kb{5 / ;f] zAbn] ;fj{hlgs lgsfodf
/x]sf] s'g} lnvt, ;fdu|L jf ;f] lgsfosf] sfd sf/jfxLsf] cWoog jf cjnf]sg ug]{ , To:tf] lnvtsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk k|fKt ug]{, ;fj{hlgs
dxTTjsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ eO/x]sf] :ynsf] e|d0f / cjnf]sg ug]{, s'g} ;fdu|Lsf] k|dfl0ft gd'gf lng] jf s'g} klg lsl;dsf] oGqdf /flvPsf] ;"rgf
To:tf] oGq dfkm{t k|fKt ug]{ clwsf/ ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
;|f]t M /fli6«o ;"rgf cfof]u

;Ifd lzIfs :t/Lo lzIff, ;d[b\lwsf nflu ;fIf/tf / k|ljlwo'St lzIff

 Educational Bulletin - 2071
lgsfout ultljlw
!= lzIff dGqfno
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lzIff If]qcGtu{tsf] cfly{s jif{ @)&!÷)&@ sf gLlt tyf sfo{j|mdx¿
cfly{s jif{ @)&!÷)&@ df g]kfn ;/sf/n] ljleGg
dGqfnocGtu{tsf sfo{ If]qdf ;dfj]z /xg] u/L g]kfn
;/sf/sf gLlt tyf sfo{j|mdx¿sf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 .
lzIff dGqfnocGtu{t b]xfoadf]lhdsf gLlt tyf sfo{j|mdx¿
/x]sf 5g\ . gLlt tyf sfo{j|mddf cfwfl/t /x]/ ljleGg
gLlt jStJosf]
gLlt tyf sfo{j|md
a'Fbf g+
^!= ljb\odfg lzIff P]gdf cfjZos ;+zf]wg ul/g]
5 . lzIffnfO{ u'0f:t/Lo / hLjgf]kof]uL agfOg]
5 . sd ljb\ofyL{ ePsf ;fy} lzIfs ljb\ofyL{
cg'kft ldnfpg] u/L lzIfsx¿sf] b/aGbL ldnfg
ul/g] 5 .
^@= ljb\ofno lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ clej[b\lw ug{
dfWolds ljb\ofnodf Ps ljb\ofno Ps
k':tsfno, O{–k':tsfno tyf Ps ljb\ofno
Ps lj1fg k|of]uzfnf sfo{j|md j|mdzM ;~rfng
ul/g] 5 . ;+:yfut ljb\ofnonfO{ ;fd'bflos
ljb\ofno;Fu ;xsfo{ u/fO{ b'j}sf] u'0f:t/ Pp6}
agfpg lghL ;fj{hlgs ;fem]bf/L sfo{j|md cl3
a9fOg] 5 . ;+:yfut ljb\ofnon] pknAw u/fpg'
kg]{ lgMz'Ns 5fqj[lTtdf ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf ljkGg
ju{sf ljb\ofyL{n] k"0f{ ¿kn] lgMz'Ns lzIff
kfpg] Joj:yf ldnfOg] 5 . blnt tyf h]x]Gbf/
ljb\ofyL{x¿nfO{ pRr lzIff;Dd 5fqj[lTtsf]
Joj:yf ul/g] 5 . ;"rgf k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t
lzIff kb\wltdfkm{t\ k|ljlw cGt/nfO{ Go"gLs/0f
ul/g] 5 .
^#= ;fIf/ g]kfn cleofg sfo{j|mdsf ;fy} cfufdL
jif{nfO{ lg/If/tf pGd"ng jif{sf ¿kdf dgfOg] 5 .
^$= dfWolds ljb\ofnob]lv g} k|fljlws lzIff
pknAw u/fpg] u/L kf7\oj|mddf kl/dfh{g ul/g]
5.
;Ifd lzIfs :t/Lo lzIff, ;d[b\lwsf nflu ;fIf/tf / k|ljlwo'St lzIff
lj|mofsnfkx¿ to eO{ sfof{Gjogsf ;do ;Ldf;d]t lglZrt
ePsf 5g\ . lzIff dGqfnosf tkm{af6 k|To]s dlxgfdf ePsf
k|ultx¿sf] ljj/0f k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGq kl/ifb\sf] sfof{nodf
cgnfOg k7fpg];d]t Joj:yf ePsf] 5 . lzIff dGqfno;Fu
;DalGwt gLlt tyf ls|ofsnfk / sfof{gjog ug]{ ;dofjlw
lgDgfg';f/ tf]lsPsf] 5 M
sfof{Gjog ug]{
lj|mofsnfk
;dofjlw
lzIff P]gdf cfjZos ;+zf]wg d:of}bf tof/ ug]{ . sflTts d;fGt
u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf] dfkb08 tof/ ug]{ . kmfu'g d;fGt
cfjZostf cg';f/ sd ljbofyL{ ePsf ljb\ofnox¿ Ps r}t d;fGt
cfk;df ufEg] .
Ps ljb\ofno Ps k':tsfno, O{–k':tsfno tyf Ps c;f]h d;fGt
ljb\ofno Ps lj1fg k|of]uzfnf cfk;df ufEg] .
k':tsfno tyf lj1fg k|of]uzfnfsf nflu ljb\ofnodf ebf} d;fGt
/sd lgsf;f ug]{ .
ljb\ofnox¿df k':tsfno, O{–k':tsfno tyf lj1fg sflTts d;fGt
k|of]uzfnfsf] :yfkgf ug]{ .
lghL ;fj{hlgs ;fem]bf/Lsf nflu dfu{ bz{g tof/ ug]{ c;f]h d;fGt
lghL ;fj{hlgs ;fem]bf/Lsf nflu sfo{j|md ;~rfng ug]{ c;f]h d;fGt
;+:yfut ljb\ofnon] pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ lgMz'Ns 5fqj[lTt dª\l;/ d;fGt
lgb]{lzsf÷dfu{ bz{gdf cfjZos kl/dfh{g ug]{
:jLs[t sfo{j|md cg';f/ ljb\ofnox¿df sDKo'6/ pknAw c;f]h d;fGt
u/fpg]
O{–8s'd]G6 lgdf{0f tyf ;ª\sng / O{–kf]6{n tof/ ug]{ dª\l;/ d;fGt
;+:yfut ljb\ofnon] pknAw u/fpg'kg]{ lgMz'Ns 5fqj[lTtdf c;f]h d;fGt
;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] ljkGg ju{sf ljb\ofyL{n] kfpg] Joj:yf
ldnfpg] .
blnt tyf h]x]Gbf/ ljb\ofyL{x¿nfO{ pRr lzIff;Dd c;f]h d;fGt
5fqj[lTt k|bfg ug]{ .
;"rgf k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t lzIff kb\wltdfkm{t\ k|ljlw c;f]h d;fGt
cGt/nfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug]{ .
cfly{s jif{ @)&!÷)&@ jif{nfO{ lg/If/tf pGd"ng jif{sf lg/Gt/
¿kdf dgfpg] .
dfWolds ljb\ofnob]lv g} k|fljlws lzIff pknAw u/fpg k'; d;fGt
kf7\oj|mddf kl/dfh{g ug]{ .
gLlt jStJosf]
gLlt tyf sfo{j|md
a'Fbf g+
^#= blnt / d'l:nd 5fqfx¿ tyf nf]kf]Gd'v hfltsf
5fq5fqfx¿nfO{ k|fljlws lzIffsf] cWoogdf
yk k|f]T;flxt ul/g] 5 .
^$= lzIffnfO{ Jofj;flos / /f]huf/ s]lGb|t agfpg
hf]8 lbOg] 5 . k|To]s lgjf{rg If]qdf s[lif nufot
k|fljlws ljb\ofno sfo{j|md nfu' ul/g] 5 .
^#= k|fljlws ljifodf pRr lzIff cWoog/t
ljb\ofyL{nfO{ lglZrt cjlw;Dd tf]lsPsf If]qdf
;]jf ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf nfu' ul/g]5 .
^%= g]kfndf pRr lzIffsf] dfu / cfk"lt{sf] ;do
cWoog u/L dfgj ;+zfwg of]hgf tof/ ul/g]
5 . pRr lzIffnfO{ yk Jojl:yt ug{ pRr lzIff
gLlt th'{df u/L sfof{Gjogdf NofOg] 5 . pRr
z}lIfs ;+:yfx¿sf] k|efjsf/L Joj:yfkgsf]
nflu ljZj ljb\ofno 5ftf P]g ;DaGwL ljw]os
Joj:yflksf ;+;bdf k]; ul/g] 5 .
@= lzIff ljefu
@=! ljb\ofno lzIffdf ;dtf /0fgLlt
ljb\ofno lzIffdf ;dtf /0fgLlt kq xfn} ;fj{hlgs ePsf]
5 . lzIff ljefuåf/f ljsf; u/L hf/L ul/Psf] pSt /0fgLlt
kqdf o'lg;]km g]kfnsf] cfly{s tyf k|fljlws ;xof]u /x]sf]
hgfOPsf] 5 . cf}krfl/s ¿kdf cfof]lht pSt sfo{s|ddf
lzIff dGqfnosf ;x;lrj 8f= xl/k|;fb nD;fnn] :jfut
dGtJo lbg' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{j|mddf lzIff ljefusf lgb]{zs >L
6]sgf/fo0f kf08]n] /0fgLlt kqnfO{ ;fj{hlgs ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
pSt /0fgLlt kqn] lglb{i6 u/]sf] lbzf / To;sf] sfof{Gjogaf6
ck]Iff ul/Psf] k|ltkmnsf ;DaGwdf 8f= dx]zgfy k/fh'nL,
o'lg;]kmsf sG6«L l/k]|h]lG6]l6e 6f]df] xf];f]dL / la=s]= >]i7n]
cfcfk\mgf] wf/0ff /fVg' ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{j|mdsf ljz]if cltly dfggLo ;ef;b\ /~h's'df/L emfn]
sfo{j|mdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ ;dtf /0fgLlt kq hf/L x'g'nfO{
;sf/fTds / pT;fxhgs sfo{ eGg'ePsf] lyof] . hf/L ePsf]
/0fgLlt kqsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf] cfjZostfdfly hf]8
lbFb} pxfFn] lzIff P]g hf/L eP lzIff If]qdf df}h'bf w]/} ;d:of
xn x'g ;Sg] ljZjf; klg JoSt ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{j|mdsf] cWoIftf ug'{ ePsf lzIff ljefusf dxflgb]{zs 8f=
;Ifd lzIfs :t/Lo lzIff, ;d[b\lwsf nflu ;fIf/tf / k|ljlwo'St lzIff
sfof{Gjog ug]{
lj|mofsnfk
;dofjlw
blnt / d'l:nd 5fqfx¿ tyf nf]kf]Gd'v hfltsf lg/Gt/
5fq5fqfx¿nfO{ k|fljlws lzIffsf] cWoogdf yk k|f]T;flxt
ug]{ .
xfn;Dd k|fljlws ljb\ofno gePsf lgjf{rg If]q– k'; d;fGt
cGtu{tsf OR5's dfWolds ljb\ofnoaf6 b/vf:t ;ª\sng
ug]{ .
k|fKt b/vf:t cWoog ljb\ofnosf] :ynut cg'udg kmfu'g d;fGt
;d]tsf] cfwf/df s[lif k|fljlws ljb\ofno ;~rfngsf
nflu cg'dlt k|bfg ug]{ .
k|To]s lgjf{rg If]qdf s[lif nufot k|fljlws ljb\ofno lg/Gt/
sfo{j|md nfu' ug]{ .
k|fljlws ljifodf pRr lzIff cWoog/t ljb\ofyL{nfO{ kmfNu'0f d;fGt
lglZrt cjlw;Dd tf]lsPsf If]qdf ;]jf ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf
nfu' ug]{ .
pRr lzIff gLlt th'{df ug]{ . kmfu'g d;fGt
ljZj ljb\ofno 5ftf P]g–;DaGwL ljw]os Joj:yflksf sflTts d;fGt
;+;bdf k]; ug]{ .
u]6f d]l8sn sn]hnfO{ zL3| ;~rfngdf Nofpg] . a}zfv d;fGt
njb]j cj:yLn] ;dtf /0fgLlt ljsf; u/L hf/L ug{ nflu kg]{
lzIff ljefusf] 6f]nL / o'lg;]km g]kfnnfO{ wGojfb 1fkg ub}{
To;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;DalGwt ;a} If]qaf6
cfjZos ;xof]u x'g] ljZjf; JoSt ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . @)&!
;fn dfu{ @( ut] ;fj{hlgs ul/Ps]f pSt /0fgLlt kq @)&!
;fn c;f]h #) ut] g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t ePsf] lyof] .
@=@ ljb\ofnosf] 5fqfjf;nfO{ Jojl:yt ug]{ k|of;
lzIff ljefun] b]zel/sf ljb\ofno txsf 5fqfjf; Joj:yfkg
ug{ lgb]{lzsf hf/L u/]sf] 5 . 5fqfjf;sf afnaflnsfsf]
;'/Iff, ;+/If0f, ;xeflutf Pjd\ ljsf;nfO{ b[li6ut u/L afnd}qL
jftfj/0fdf Go"gtd dfkb08 tf]sL Jojl:yt tl/sfn] ;~rfng
ug{] pb\b]Zon] ljsf; ul/Psf] pSt lgb]{lzsf @)&! ;fn k'; !!
ut] g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t eO{ k'; !$ ut] Ps sfo{j|mdsf
lar ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] lyof] .
lzIff ljefusf lgb]{zs >L 6]sgf/fo0f kf08]n] cWoIftf ug'{
ePsf] pSt ;fj{hlgs ;df/f]xdf lgb]{lzsfdf Joj:yf ePsf
d'Vod'Vo ljifosf af/]df zfvf clws[t dg'hf a/fnn] k|:t't
ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . hf/L ul/Psf] lgb]{lzsfsf ljifodf 5fqfjf;
;~rfnssf tk{maf6 s]=la=/fgf du/, /fli6«o cleefjs ;ª\3sf
3
cWoIf ofbj zdf{ cflbn] l6Kk0fL;lxtsf] dGtJo lbg' ePsf]
 Educational Bulletin - 2071

lyof] . pSt sfo{j|mddf lzIff dGqfnosf pk;lrj af]w/fh P;Pn;L k/LIffb]lv cIf/fª\sg kb\wlt nfu' ul/g] ePsf] 5 .
lg/f}nf, lzIff ljefusf pk;lrj of]u]Gb| a/fn nufotn] ;Daf]wg cIf/fª\sg kb\wltdf tn lbOPsf] tflnsfdf pNn]v ePadf]lhd
ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . lgb]{lzsf hf/L ug'{kgf{sf] sf/0f / cGt/lglxt ljifout u|]8 lgwf{/0f ul/g] 5 M
ljz]iftfx¿sf af/]df cWoIftf ul//xg' ePsf lgb]{zs >L k|fKtfª\ssf] juf{Gt/ k|ltzt u|]8 JofVof
6]sgf/fo0f kf08]n] :ki6 kfg'{ ePsf] lyof] . () b]lv !)) A+ Outstanding
*) b]lv *( A Excellent
;dfkg dGtJosf] j|mddf pxfFn] 5fqfjf; nlIft ju{ / If]qsf B Very Good
^) b]lv &(
afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ lzIffsf] kx'Fr k'¥ofpg] / l;sfOdf ;'wf/ ug]{ C Good
clek|fon] :yfkgf ul/g] ePsfn] o;sf] ;~rfngnfO{ Jojl:yt $) b]lv %( D Poor
agfpg] pb\b]Zon] ljsf; tyf hf/L ePsf] atfpg' ePsf] lyof] . @% b]lv #( E Very Poor
5fqjf; Joj:yfkg lgb]{lzsf ljsf;df sfo{ ul//x]sf] n}ª\lus @$ jf ;f]eGbf sd
;d ljsf; zfvfsf pklgb]{zs b'uf{ sF8]nn] lgb]{lzsfn] b]zel/ k|To]s ljifosf] pTt/ k'l:tsfsf] k/LIf0f cª\sdf x'g] / k/LIff
/x]sf 5fqfjf;nfO{ 5fqfx¿sf] xslxt cg's"n Joj:yfkg ug{ lgoGq0f sfof{non] ;f] cª\snfO{ dfly pNn]v ePadf]lhd
lbzflgb]{z u/]sf] atfpg' ePsf] 5 . cIf/ u|]8df ¿kfGt/0f u/L -;}b\wflGts / k|of]ufTds v08 ePsf
cnu cnu pknlAw :t/ v'Ng] u/L_ pko'St u|]8 lbg] 5 .
#= kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb| k|df0f kqdf pTtL0f{ jf cg'TtL0f{ egL pNn]v ul/g] 5}g . ;f]sf]
#=! d"Nofª\sgdf cIf/fª\sg kb\wlt (Letter Grading ;6\6f pko'St tl/sfsf] klxrfg u/L ;f]adf]lhd Psd'i6 u|]8
System) lgwf{/0f ug'{sf ;fy} ljb\ofyL{n] k|fKt u/]sf] u|]8sf] JofVof;d]t
/fli6«o kf7\oj|md ljsf; tyf d"Nofª\sg kl/ifb\sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ k|df0f kqdf pNn]v ul/g] 5 . h'gh'g ljifodf D / E Grade
dfWolds lzIff pTtL0f{ k/LIff -P;Pn;L_ kb\wltdf /x]sf] k|fKt ub{5 tL–tL ljifodf k|i6 eO{ olb dflyNnf] u|]8 k|fKt ug]{
cª\såf/f ul/g] jt{dfg d"Nofª\sg k|0ffnLdf kl/jt{g u/L xfn xf] eg] C jf C eGbf tNnf] u|]8 k|fKt u/]sf ljb\ofyL{n] dflyNnf]
b]ze/ ;~rflnt (( cf]6f k|fljlws tyf Jofj;flos lzIff u|]8 k|fKt ug{sf nflu ;DalGwt ljifodf k'gM k/LIff lbg rfx]df
wf/sf ljb\ofnox¿df ;f]xL wf/ cWoog ul//x]sf ljb\ofyL{x¿sf k/LIffkmn k|sfzg ePsf] Ps jif{leq x'g] d"n jf k"/s k/LIffdf
nflu o;} jif{ cyf{t\ @)&! ;fnsf] z}lIfs ;qb]lv / ;a} ;fd]n x'g ;Sg] / o;/L k/LIff lbFbf dflyNnf] u|]8 k|fKt u/]df
ljb\ofnox¿sf ljb\ofyL{x¿sf nflu lj=;+= @)&@ ;fnsf] lghnfO{ ;f]xL Joxf]/f vf]nL yk k|df0f kq lbOg] 5 .
#=@ ljlzi6Ls/0f tflnsfsf] lgdf{0f
;fwf/0f, ;+:s[t / j]bljb\of>dtkm{sf dfWolds txdf cWofkg u/fOg] ;a} ljifox¿df k/LIffdf ;f]lwg] k|Zgsf k|sf/, ;ª\Vof,
ef/ nufotsf kIfx¿ ;d]l6g] u/L ljlzi6Ls/0f tflnsf sfof{Gjogdf /x]sfdf z}lIfs jif{ @)&) b]lv b]ze/df (( cf]6f
ljb\ofnodf k/LIf0fsf ¿kdf nfu' ul/Psf] k|fljlws tyf Jofj;flos lzIff wf/sf ljleGg % ljifo If]qsf ;a} ljifox¿df ;d]t
ljlzi6Ls/0f tflnsfsf] lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . o;af6 To:tf ljifox¿df cWoog ug]{ k/LIffyL{x¿ / lzIf0f ug]{ lzIfsx¿nfO{
;d]t k/LIffsf] tof/L ug]{ ;DaGwdf :ki6tf cfPsf] 5 . pSt sfo{n] k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{noaf6 P;Pn;L k|Zgkq lgdf{0f
;DaGwL sfo{df ;d]t dfu{ lgb]{zg u/]sf] 5 . ljlzi6Ls/0f tflnsf lgdf{0f ePsf ljifo If]q / ;f]cGt/utsf ljifox¿ tnsf]
tflnsfdf lbOPsf] 5 M
j|m=;+= ljifoIf]q ljifo
1.Farm Management and Marketing 2. Aquaculture and Fisheries
1. Animal Science 3.Dairy and Dairy Products 4.Small Ruminant Production & Management
5.Animal Health II 6.Veterinary Laboratory Techniques
1.Farm Management and Marketing 2.Aquaculture and Fisheries
2. Plant Science 3.Vegetable and Medicinal Plant Production 4.Crop Production 5.Industrial
Entomology and Mushroom 6. Floriculture and Nursery Management
1.Utilization of Electrical Energy Engineering Drawing 2.Electrical Machine
Electrical
3. 3.Engineering Drawing4.Industrial Installation & Maintenance
Engineering
5.Electronic Device and Circuits 6.Electrical Measurements & Instruments
4

;Ifd lzIfs :t/Lo lzIff, ;d[b\lwsf nflu ;fIf/tf / k|ljlwo'St lzIff

 1.Engineering Drawing II 2.Engineering Surveying 3.Building Construction
4. Civil Engineering 4.Water Resource Engineering 5.Highway Engineering 6.Estimation Costing
and Supervision
1.Computer Repair and Maintenance 2.Computer Networks 3.Database
Computer
5, Management System 4.Microprocessor 5.Object Oriented Programming
Engineering
6.Electronic Device and Circuits

$= z}lIfs hgzlSt ljsf; s]Gb|
$=! jflif{s sfo{s|d cled'vLs/0f uf]i7L ;DkGg
z}lIfs hgzlSt ljsf; s]Gb|åf/f rfn' cfly{s jif{ @)&!⁄)&@
sf] sfo{s|d af/]df b]zsf ljleGg rf/ If]qdf sfo{s|d
cled'vLs/0f sfo{zfnf ;DkGg ul/of] . pSt cled'vLs/0f
sfo{s|ddf @( cf]6f z}lIfs tflnd s]Gb|sf jl/i7 k|lzIfs, &%
lhNnf lzIff sfof{fnosf lzIfssf] k];fut ljsf; sfo{s|d
x]g]{ clws[tx¿sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .
;dLIff ug]{ pb\b]Zosf ;fy sfo{s|dsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] .
pSt sfo{s|ddf ;xefuLx¿åf/f sfo{s|dsf] k|ult ljj/0fsf
;fy} sfof{Gjogdf cfOk/]sf ;d:of, r'gf}tL / c;n cEof;sf
af/] klg cg'ej cfbfg–k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .
sfo{s|ddf s]Gb|sf] tkm{af6 lzIfs k];fut tflnd sf]6f ljt/0f
l:ylt, tflnd k|fKt lzIfs ljj/0f, ;du| ef}lts tyf ljTtLo
k|ult, gLltut Joj:yfx¿ / o; jif{sf] sfo{s|d sfof{Gjog ubf{
Wofg lbg' kg]{ s'/fx¿af/] k|:t'tLs/0f ul/Psf] lyof] .

ut c;f]h @^ / @& ut] g]kfnuGhaf6 ;'? ul/Psf] pSt

cled'vLs/0f sfo{s|d c;f]h @( / #) sfe|]sf] w'lnv]ndf,
sflTts ! / @ df]/ªsf] lj/f6gu/ / sflTts $ / % ut]
sf:sLsf] kf]v/fdf ;~rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . rfn' cfly{s
jif{sf] sfo{s|dsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu s]Gb|b]lv
:yfgLo:t/;Dd Ps} lsl;dsf] sfo{z}nL :yflkt ug]{, sfo{s|d
lj/f6gu/df ;~rflnt uf]i7Ldf z'esfdgf dGtJo lbg'x'Fb} sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs
sfof{Gjogsf] c:ki6tf x6fpg] Pjd\ ut jif{ ;Dkflbt sfo{s|dsf]
$=@ cly{s jif{ @)&)÷)&! sf] ef}lts tyf ljTtLo k|ult emns
s| ;+ a=p=zL= g+ sfo{s|dsf] zLif{s ef}lts k|ult k|ltzt ljTtLo k|ult k|ltzt
! #%)!@! ljb\ofno If]q ;'wf/ sfo{s|d -s]Gb|:t/_ *%=#& *!=#$
@ #%)!!* ;a}sf nflu lzIff lzz'ljsf; sfo{s|d (^=^! ((=$&
# #%)!)% ;fd'bflos ljb\ofno Ifdtf clej[b\lw sfo{s|d (@=)) (&=)(
$ #%)*)# ljb\ofno If]q ;'wf/ sfo{s|d -lhNnf:t/_ ()=@) *%=^$

%= cgf}krfl/s lzIff s]Gb| k|d'vx¿sf nflu ;DalGwt ;3g ;fIf/tf sfo{j|mdaf/] hfgsf/L
%=! lg/If/tf pGd"ng jif{ 3f]if0ff lbg sf7df8f}+df b'O{ lbg] cled'vLs/0f sfo{j|md ;~rfng
g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfly{s jif{ @)&!÷)&@ nfO{ lg/If/tf pGd'ng jif{ ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{j|mdnfO{ k|efjsf/L ¿kdf cufl8 a9fpg
cGt/lj|mof sfo{j|md;d]t ;~rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . s]Gb|n] xfn
3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . oxL nIocg'¿k ;fIf/ g]kfn cleofgcGtu{t
;fIf/tf ;DaGwL ;Gb]z tyf r]tgf lbg g]kfn 6]lnlehgaf6
b]zsf !& lhNnfx¿df ;3g ¿kdf / afFsL lhNnfx¿sf lg/If/
>Job[Zo ;fdu|L klg k|;f/0f ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ;fIf/ g]kfn
x¿sf nflu ;fIf/tf sfo{j|md ;~rfng ul//x]sf] 5 . xfn ;3g
cleofg ;~rfng ePkl5 xfn;Dd nlntk'/, kfNkf, wflbª,
¿kdf emfkf, df]/ª, ;Kt/L, l;/fxf, wg'iff, dxf]Tt/L, ;nf{xL,
l;Gw'kfNrf]s, d':tfª, :ofª\hf / lrtjg lhNnfx¿ k"0f{ ;fIf/
g'jfsf]6, /f}tx6, af/f, k;f{, gjnk/f;L, ¿kGb]xL, slknj:t', bfª,
lhNnf 3f]if0ff ePsf 5g\ .
afFs], s}nfnL lhNnfx¿df ;fIff/tf sfo{j|md ;~rfng eO/x]sf]
5 . ;3g sfo{j|mddf k/]sf t/fO{ s]lGb|t !& lhNnfsf lhNnf s] Gb| n ] cgf} krfl/s lzIffsf If] qdf ePsf u/]s f
lzIff clwsf/L, cgf}krfl/s lzIff x]g]{ ;DalGwt sd{rf/L / sfo{ x ¿nfO{ Jojl:yt u/L clen] v /fVg cgf}krfl/s
5
kfFr cf]6} If]qLo lzIff lgb]{zgfnosf ;DalGwt zfvf x]g]{ zfvf lzIff sfo{ j| md ;" r gf Joj:yfkg k| 0ffnL ljsf; ug{ ;'¿

;Ifd lzIfs :t/Lo lzIff, ;d[b\lwsf nflu ;fIf/tf / k|ljlwo'St lzIff

 Educational Bulletin - 2071

u/] s f] 5 . pSt sfo{ j|m d klxnf] r/0fdf wgs'6f, dsjfgk' / , lbj; @)!$ ljleGg sfo{ j| mdsf] cfof] hgf u/L dgfOPsf]
lrtjg, gjnk/f;L, ;'v ] { t / alb{ of lhNnfdf k/LIf0fsf] lyof] . o; jif{ s f] lbj;sf] cfbz{ jfSo æ;Ifd lzIfs
¿kdf ;~rfng eO/x] sf] ] 5 . To;} u /L cgf} k rfl/s lzIff :t/Lo lzIff ;d[ b \ l wsf nflu ;fIf/tf / k| l jlwo'S t lzIffÆ
s] G b| s f] cu' j fOdf ;] K 6] Da/ * sf lbg cGt//fli6« o ;fIf/tf to ul/Psf] 5 .
%=@ cgf}krfl/s lzIff s]Gb| ;fgf]l7dL, eStk'/sf] ;fIf/ g]kfn cleofg ;DaGwL ckLn M

t/fO{, kxf8, lxdfn† agfcf}F ;fIf/ g]kfn .

g]kfn ;/sf/n] u/]sf] /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o k|ltab\wtf cg'¿k lj=;+= @)&@ ;fn -;g\ @)!%_ leq ;a}sf nflu lzIffsf] cj;/ k|bfg ug{ æ;fIf/ g]kfn
cleofgÆ sfof{Gjogdf NofPsf] 5 . o; jif{nfO{ ælg/If/tf pGd"ng jif{Æ ;d]t 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . sf]xL g5'6'g\ / sf]xL gbf]xf]l/o'g\ eGg] pb\b]Zon] b]z}el/
;3g ;fIf/tfsf sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ug]{  / Ps k6s cfwf/e"t ;fIf/tf sfo{qmd ;~rfng eO;s]sf j8f, uflj;, gu/kflnsf / lhNnfx¿df
k'g M cfwf/e"t ;fIf/tf sfo{qmd ;~rfng gug]{ / /fHoaf6 k|bfg ul/g] ;a} k|sf/sf ;fj{hlgs ;]jf / ;'ljwfsf nflu ;fIf/ x'g} kg]{ gLlt lnPsf] 5 .
To;}n] –
• ;a} lg/If/ gful/sx¿n] ;fIf/tf sIffdf ;xefuL eP/,
• ;a}n] 3/, l5d]sdf /x]sf lg/If/x¿nfO{ sIffdf hfg k|f]T;flxt u/]/,
• ;a} ;fIf/x¿n] sDtLdf Pshgf lg/If/nfO{ ;fIf/ agfP/,
• ;fIf/tf sIff ;~rfng, cg'udg÷lg/LIf0f u/L jf:tljstfsf] hfgsf/L lbP/,
• ;fIf/tfsf] dxŒj / pknAw cj;/sf af/]df k|rf/–k|;f/ u/]/,
• gj ;fIf/x¿nfO{ 3/ kl/jf/ / ;dfhdf k|f]T;flxt u/]/,
• ;fIf/tfnfO{ cfkm\gf] ;ª\u7g / sfo{If]qdf clgjfo{ u/]/ ,
of] /fli6«o cleofg ;kmn kfg{ dg, jrg / sd{n] ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' x'g ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;“u xfdL xflb{s clkn ub{5f}“ .
^= k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no cfd lzIfsx¿df P;Pn;L k/LIffk|lt ckgTjsf] efjgf ljsf;
^=! tYofª\s k|ljli6 sfo{zfnf ;DkGg ug{ ;xof]u k'u]sf] 5 .
P;Pn;L k/LIffdf ;xefuL x'gsf nflu /lh:6«];g tyf cfj]bg
eg]{ ljb\ofyL{x¿sf] ;ª\Vof j[b\lw x'Fb} uPsf], k/LIff lgoGq0f
&=lzIfs ;]jf cfof]usf ultljlw
sfof{no tyf If]qLo lzIff lgb]{zgfnodf sfdsf] rfk a9L &=! :yfoL cWofkg cg'dlt kqsf] glthf k|sfzg
ePsf] / ljj/0f OG6«Lsf] sfo{df q'l6 Go"gLs/0f x'g g;s]sf lzIfs ;]jf cfof]un] cfly{s jif{ @)&)÷)&! df ;~rfng
sf/0fn] ;DalGwt lhNnf lzIff sfof{nod} ljj/0f OG6«L u/fP/ u/]sf] :yfoL cWofkg cg'dlt kqsf] k/LIffdf hDdf ! nfv
ljb\ofnoaf6 ?h' u/fO{ ljb\o'tLo k|lt dfq k/LIff lgoGq0f !# xhf/ * ;o (( hgf k/LIffyL{ ;xefuL ePsfdf hDdf
sfof{nodf k7fpg] k|of]hgsf nflu k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{noåf/f $% xhf/ # ;o ;Tt/L cyf{t\ #(=*# k|ltzt k/LIffyL{
o; jif{ k/LIff zfvfdf sfd ug]{ sd{rf/Lsf nflu If]qLo :t/df pTtL0f{ ePsf 5g\ . o;df k'?ifsf] pTtL0f{ k|ltzt $^=@* /
b]zsf $ :yfgdf () hgfsf nflu ljj/0f OG6«L ug]{ ;DaGwL dlxnfsf] #^=^& /x]sf] 5 . dfWolds txdf k'?if / dlxnfsf]
sfo{zfnf ;~rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . o:tf] sfo{n] k/LIffyL{sf] pTtL0f{ k|ltzt j|mdzM ^*=^@ / ^)=@* 5 eg] lgDg dfWolds
ljj/0f OG6«Ldf x'g] q'l6 sd x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . txdf eg] pTtL0f{ k|ltzt j|mdzM #(=$! / ##=#@ /x]sf] 5 .
If]qut ¿kdf dfWolds txsf] ;a}eGbf a9L pTtL0f{ k|ltzt
^=@ k|Zg lgdf{0f sfo{zfnf ;DkGg ;'b"/ klZrdf~rnsf] ^(=(( / ;a}eGbf sd pTtL0f{ k|ltzt
k"jf{~rnsf] ^!=^& /x]sf] 5 . lgDg dfWolds txdf ;a}eGbf
P;Pn;L k/LIffsf] k|Zg a}ª\sdf k|Zg ;ª\sng ug{sf nflu a9L pTtL0f{ k|ltzt klZrdf~rnsf] $^=*$ / ;a}eGbf sd ;'b"/
ljut jif{df em}F o; jif{ klg k|Zg lgdf{0f sfo{zfnf ;~rfng klZrdf~rngsf] @(=$( k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . dfWolds txdf
ul/Psf] 5 . o; jif{ lj/f6gu/ / e}/xjfdf hDdf #* hgf dlxnf k/LIffyL{sf] ;ª\Vof k'?ifsf] t'ngdf yf]/} sd eP tfklg
lzIfsx¿sf nflu k|fljlws wf/sf ljifox¿sf k|Zg lgdf{0f lgDg dfWolds txdf dlxnf k/LIffyL{sf] ;ª\Vof bf]Aa/eGbf
sfo{zfnf cfof]hgf ul/of] . ;f] sfo{af6 Psftkm{ lzIfsdf k|Zg a9L /x]sf] 5 . lgDg dfWolds txdf dlxnfsf] pTtL0f{ k|ltzt
lgdf{0f ug]{ l;k ljsf; ePsf] 5 eg] csf{tkm{ k/LIff lgoGq0f k'?ifsf] eGbf ^=)( n] sd eP tfklg dfWolds txdf ;f]sf]
sfof{nodf /x]sf] k|Zg a}ª\sdf k|Zg ;ª\Vof j[b\lw ePsf] 5 . km/s *=#$ 5 . To:t} k'gof]{usf] nflu s'n @!)) cfj]bg
sfo{zfnf ljlwaf6 lgdf{0f ul/Psf k|Zg q'l6/lxt x'g] ck]Iff k/]sf]df & lhNnfsf hDdf * hgf k/LIffyL{sf] dfq glthf
6 ul/Psf] 5 . sf7df8f}F aflx/;d]t o:tf] sfo{zfnf ;~rfngn]
x]/km]/ eO{ pTtL0f{ ePsf 5g\ .
;Ifd lzIfs :t/Lo lzIff, ;d[b\lwsf nflu ;fIf/tf / k|ljlwo'St lzIff
*=z}lIfs u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f s]Gb|
*=! ljb\ofyL{ pknlAwsf] /fli6«o k/LIf0f M ;ª\lIfKt hfgsf/L
ljZjJofkL ¿kdf ;g\ !(() sf] bzssf] k|f/Deaf6 ;'¿ ePsf] pknlAw k/LIf0f g]kfndf !(() sf] kl5Nnf] bzsaf6 dfq ;'¿
ePsf] kfOG5 . o; ;Gbe{df g]kfndf cf}krfl/s tj/af6 ljb\ofyL{ pknlAwsf] /fli6«o k/LIf0fsf] Oltxf; w]/} nfdf] b]lvFb}g .
g]kfndf lzIff dGqfnosf] cu'jfOdf k|fylds lzIff kl/of]hgf / cfwf/e"t tyf k|fylds lzIff kl/of]hgfdfkm{t\ o; sfo{sf] yfngL
ul/Psf] eP tfklg gd'gf 5gf}6sf] ljlw / gd'gfsf] ;fgf] cfsf/ ePsfn] /fli6«o :t/sf] pknlAw k/LIf0fsf] ¿kdf ljZn]if0f ug]{
kof{Kt cfwf/ b]lvFb}g . pknlAw k/LIf0fsf nflu ul/Psf gd'gf 5gf]6 ljlw, gd'gfsf] cfsf/ h:tf cfwf/e"t kIfdf ;d]t ;j]{If0f
ug]{ ;+:yfcg';f/ km/s km/s k|lj|mof cjnDag ul/Psf] kfOG5 . pSt sfo{nfO{ Jojl:yt ¿kdf ;~rfng ug{sf nflu ljb\ofno
If]q ;'wf/ sfo{j|mdn] dfu{ lgb]{z u/]cg';f/ lj=;+= @)^^ df z}lIfs u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f s]Gb|df ljb\ofyL{sf] /fli6«o l;sfO pknlAw
k/LIf0f PsfO :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 . o; PsfOn] ;~rfng u/]sf] ljb\ofyL{ pknlAwsf] /fli6«o k/LIf0f sfo{j|mdsf] ;ª\lIfKt ljj/0f
o; k|sf/ /x]sf] 5 M
cf};t pknlAw
lj=;+= sIff ljifo lhNnf ljb\ofno ljb\ofyL{ k|ltzt
* g]kfnL $!( !^#%) $(
@)^* ul0ft @% -pkTosf # ;lxt_ $@! !^)## $#
;fdflhs $!# !^@(( $(
g]kfnL %&) !#(&! %(
% ul0ft %%& !#&!$ %#
@)^( cª\u|]hL @* -pkTosf # ;lxt_ %^# !#&($ %$
g]kfnL *$( !(%)! ^#
#
ul0ft *$! !(@%@ ^)
g]kfnL $)@ !%##^ xfn tYofª\s
@)&) * ul0ft @* -pkTosf # ;lxt_ #(^ !$%)) ljZn]if0f sfo{
lj1fg #(^ !$@#! eO/x]sf]
g]kfnL
% ul0ft xfn k"j{ k/LIf0f
cª\u|]hL ;DkGg eO;s]sf],
@)&! @% -pkTosf # ;lxt_ lj=;+= @)&! df
g]kfnL ;~rfng x'g] .
#
ul0ft
lj=;+= @)^*, @)^( / @)&) u/L ltg jif{sf] cjlwdf ;DkGg ljb\ofyL{ pknlAwsf] /fli6«o k/LIf0fdf b]zsf &% cf]6} lhNnfx¿sf]
;xeflutf /x]sf] 5 eg] pkTosfsf ltg lhNnfx¿sf] ;a} jif{df ;xeflutf /x]sf] 5 . pSt sfo{ ;~rfng ubf{ sIff * sf] Pp6f
ljb\ofnodf Pp6f dfq ljifosf] k/LIf0f ;~rfng ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 eg] sIff # / % sf] k/LIf0f ;~rfng ubf{ Pp6} ljb\ofnosf] # /
% -b'O{ cf]6f sIffdf_ Pp6} jf km/s km/s b'O{ cf]6f ljifosf] k/LIf0f ;~rfng ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . k/LIf0fdf k|of]u x'g] k|ZgfjnLx¿nfO{
k"j{ k/LIf0faf6 :t/Ls[t u/]/ dfq k|of]u ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 .
tflnd k|fKt lzIfsaf6 k|Zgx¿ tof/ u/L lj1x¿;d]tsf] sfo{zfnfaf6 kl/dfh{g / ljifo ;ldltaf6 :jLs[t ePkl5 dfq k|of]u
ul/Psf] 5 . -o; ;DaGwL yk hfgsf/L s]Gb|sf] j]a;fO6 www.ero.gov.np, Od]n eronasa@gmail.com jf s]Gb|df ;Dks{
u/]/ k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] 5 ._
(= k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tflnd kl/ifb\ d]sflgsn, On]lS6«sn / c6f]df]afOn ljifodf k|lzIf0f sfo{
(=! ;fd'bflos ljb\ofnodf k|fljlws lzIff sfo{j|md eO/x]sf 5g\ . * cf]6f ;fd'bflos ljb\ofnox¿n] cfˆg} ;|f]taf6
;~rfng ug{] u/L k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tflnd kl/ifb\
@)%* ;fndf !% cf]6f ;fd'bflos ljb\ofnox¿af6 ;'¿ ePsf] sfof{noaf6 ;DaGwg lnO{ k|fljlws P;Pn;L txsf] sfo{jm| d
;fd'bflos ljb\ofnodf k|fljlws lzIff sfo{sd| @)^* df &# cf]6f ;~rfng ul//x]sf 5g\ . yk !@ cf]6f ;fd'bflos ljb\ofnox¿
;fd'bflos ljb\ofnodf lj:tf/ ePsf] 5 . tL ljb\ofnox¿df @( klg rfn' cfly{s jif{ @)&!÷)&@ b]lv g} k|fljlws P;Pn;L
7
dlxg] k|fljlws P;Pn;Ltkm{sf s[lif, kz'lj1fg, l;len, sDKo'6/, txsf] sfo{jm| d ;~rfngsf] j|mddf /x]sf 5g\ . o;} u/L !^ cf]6f

;Ifd lzIfs :t/Lo lzIff, ;d[b\lwsf nflu ;fIf/tf / k|ljlwo'St lzIff

 Educational Bulletin - 2071

Sn Name
;fd'bflos ljb\ofnox¿df l8Knf]df txsf] sfo{jm| d ;~rfng ug{] of CTEVT constituent Indicative New/Expanded
school/Training Center programs
tof/L eO/x]sf] 5 . ;a} txsf] sfo{jm| ddf @) k|ltzt 5fqfx¿nfO{
Diploma in Agriculture
;dfj]z u/fpg] nIo /flvPsf] 5 . k|fljlws lzIff sfo{jm| d Seti Technical School,
6 Livestock Science
Dipayal, Silgadi, Doti
;~rfng ePsf ljb\ofnox¿sf] cg'udg tyf lg/LIf0f sfo{ k"/f ( I.Sc. Veterinary)
ul/Psf] 5 . sfo{6f]nLaf6 ;fd'bflos ljb\ofnodf k|fljlws Uttarpani Technical Diploma in Agriculture
7 School, Uttarpani,
lzIff sfo{jm| dsf] lgb{]lzsf lgdf{0f sfo{;d]t ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . Livestock
Dhankuta
cfly{s jif{ @)%(÷)^) b]lv @)^*÷)^( ;Ddsf] ;fd'bflos PCL in Ophthalmic
ljb\ofnox¿df k|fljlws lzIff sfo{j|mdsf] Ifdtf, egf{ / pTkfbg Lahan Technical Science
ljj/0f M 8 Diploma in Ariculture
School, Lahan, Siraha Science (I.Sc.
ljifo Ifdtf egf{ k/LIffdf ;fd]n pTkfbg Agriculture)
On]lS6«sn !^*) !%!@ !@%$ ^%& Rural Training Centre, Diploma in Ariculture
sDKo'6/ #%)) #@@% @&*@ !$%! 9 Science (I.Sc.
Bhimad, Tanahu Agriculture)
d]sflgS; @** @%% @$$ !&$ Pokhara School of
Tourism and Hospitality 15
c6f]d]sflgS; @** @@@ @@@ !$@ Month Culinary Art
10 (Production)
afnLlj1fg $!@) #^%& #%)! @))) Management, Pokhara
kz'kfng !!^) !)!# (!& %$@
hDdf !#)#^ !!$$( !)@(% %&&) !) o'g]:sf]sf lgldTt g]kfn /fli6«o cfof]usf]
;lrjfno
!)=! o'g]:sf]sf lgldTt sf]l/og /fli6«o cfof]usf]
(=@ u'0f:t/ ;'wf/ sfo{j|md ;lrjfno;“usf] ;xsfo{df kl/of]hgf sfo{fGjog
k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tflnd kl/ifb\sf lgDglnlvt
cled'vLs/0f sfo{j|md ;DkGg
!) cf]6f cfª\lus lzIffnox¿nfO{ gd'gf lzIffnosf] ¿kdf
ljsf; u/L yk gofF ljifosf sfo{j|mdx¿ ;~rfng x'g] ePsf o'g]:sf]sf lgldTt sf]l/og /fli6«o cfof]usf] cfXjfgdf
UNESCO ASIA Bridge Climate Change Education
5g\ . k|:t't lzIffnox¿nfO{ gd'gf lzIffnosf] ¿kdf ljsf;
ug{ ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg, cWofkg tyf l;sfO, ljb\ofy{L{ Project ;~rfngsf nflu g]kfnsf ljb\ofnox¿af6 kl/of]hgf
k|f]T;fxg,k|lzIfs tyf ;ª\sfo, ah]6 ;|f]tx¿, jftfj/0fLo k|:tfjx¿ k7fOPsf]df lgDglnlvt # cf]6f ljb\ofnox¿sf]
;'ljwf, ;"rgf Joj:yfkg k|0ffnL, pb\of]u;Fusf] ;DaGw / k|:tfj :jLs[t eO{ ljb\ofnox¿df kl/of]hgf k|efjsf/L ¿kdf
cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; u/L ( cf]6f kIfx¿nfO{ u'0f:t/ ;'wf/ ;~rfngsf nflu ;DalGwt k|wfgfWofks, lzIfsx¿, afn
sfo{j|md dfkb08sf] cfwf/ to ul/Psf] 5 . Snasf kbflwsf/Lx¿, u|Lg Snasf kbflwsf/Lx¿, ljb\ofno
Ten model quality Improvement constituent institutes Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx¿, lzIfs cleefjs ;ª\3sf
with demanded new program kbflwsf/Lx¿ Pjd\ :yfgLo cfdf ;d"xsf kbflwsf/Lx¿nfO{
Name of CTEVT constituent Indicative New/Expanded ;xefuL u/fO{ cled'vLs/0f sfo{j|md ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 .
Sn school/Training Center programs
Balaju School of S.N Name of School Address Name of Project
Diploma in Mechanical Promotion
1 Eng. and Technology, Engineering of School
Balaju,Kathmandu
Bheri Technical Diploma in Civil
1
Janata Higher
Secondary Amahi Bariyati, Environment
through Student's
Engineering School Morang Club Mobilization
2 School,Nepalgunj, Diploma in Mechanical for Quality
Banke Engineering Education
Nepal Banepa Protection and
Diploma in Civil
3 Polytechnic Institute, Punya Higher Promotion
Engineering Rajarani-6,
Banepa 2 Secondary of School
School Dhankuta Environment for
Rapti Technical School, Diploma in Civil
4 Quality Education
Lalmatiya, Dang Engineering
School of Health PCL in Radiology Singhadevi
5 Science, Bharatpur, PCL in Dental Science 3 Lower Surunga, Jhapa Green Singha Devi
Chitwan PCL in Physiotherapy Secondary Project
8 School

;Ifd lzIfs :t/Lo lzIff, ;d[b\lwsf nflu ;fIf/tf / k|ljlwo'St lzIff

!)=@ n3' kl/of]hgf ;~rfng ;DaGwL sfo{zfnf uf]i7L ;fd'bflos cWoog s]G›nfO{ xf]k PG8 nfO6 P;f]l;o;gn]
;DkGg cg'bfg:j¿k ;f}o{ aTtL pknAw u/fpg] / ;lrjfnon] ljt/0fsf]
o'g]:sf]sf lgldTt g]kfn /fli6«o cfof]usf] ;lrjfnosf] cfof]hgf Joj:yf ug{] ;xdlt ePsf] 5 . g]kfnsf sltko e]udf lah'nL
/ o'g]:sf]sf lgldTtsf]l/og /fli6«o cfof]usf] ;xof]udf @)&! aTtL ;]jf pknAw gePsf] / pknAw eO/x]sf] e]udf klg
>fj0f @& ut]b]lv @( ut];Dd 'Orientation Workshop on nf]8;]l8ªsf] ;d:ofn] ljb\ofnodf cWoog/t ljb\ofy{L{ tyf
Income Generating Micro Projects and Green School cgf}krfl/s lzIffsf ;xefuLx¿nfO{ cWoogdf kg{ uPsf]
Movement Among CLCs and Community Schools` ;d:ofnfO{ Wofgdf /fVb} cfzfsf] pHofnf] ls/0f:j¿k g]kfnsf
ljifos sfo{zfnf uf]i7L kf]v/fdf ;DkGg eof] . UNESCO nflu xfnnfO{ !@) ;f}o{ aTtL k|fKt x'g] ePsf] 5 .
Bridge Asia kl/of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] j|mddf ;~rflnt pSt
sfo{zfnfsf] k|d'v pb\b]Zo d'n'ssf % cf]6} ljsf; If]q / !)=% o'g]:sf]sf lgldTt g]kfn /fli6«o cfof]u / o'g]:sf]sf
# cf]6} ef}uf]lns If]q ;d]6]/ ;xefuL u/fOPsf ;fd'bflos lgldTt sf]l/og /fli6«o cfof]usf lar ;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/
cWoog s]G›x¿dfkm{t\ :yfgLo ;d'bfox¿nfO{ cfo cfh{gsf o'g]:sf]sf] !(% ‌cfF} sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldltsf] a}7ssf cj;/df
lj|mofsnfkx¿ ;~rfng ug{ / pSt ;fd'bflos cWoog o'g]:sf]sf lgldTtsf]l/og /fli6«o cfof]u / o'g]:sf]sf lgldTt
s]G›x¿dfkm{t\ ;d]l6Psf ljb\ofnox¿df Go"g nfut / z"Go g]kfn /fli6«o cfof]u lar cfk;L ;xof]u k|jw{g ug{] ;DaGwL
nfutdf ;"Id kl/of]hgfcGtu{tsf lj|mofsnfkx¿sf dfWodaf6 Memorandum of Understanding(MOU) df g]kfnsf
ljb\ofnodf xl/ofnL jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug{ / ljb\ofnonfO{ tkm{af6 lzIff dGqfnosf ;lrj Pjd\ o'g]:sf]sf lgldTt
k|b"if0f d'St agfpg pTk|]l/t ug{' /x]sf] lyof] . uf]i7Ldf !! cf]6f g]kfn /fli6«o cfof]usf dxf;lrj >L ljZjk|sfz kl08t tyf
;fd'bflos cWoog s]G› / ## cf]6f ljb\ofnosf k|ltlglwx¿sf] o'g]:sf]sf lgldTt sf]l/og /fli6«o cfof]usf dxf;lrj >L 8f]g
;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . ;]s ldgn] x:tfIf/ ug{' ePsf] lyof] . pSt ;Demf}tfdf lbuf]
ljsf; tyf hnjfo' kl/jt{g lzIff ;DaGwL sfo{j|mdx¿df
!)=# ufp“ lzIff of]hgf lgd{f0fsf nflu cled'vLs/0f ;xof]usf] lg/Gt/tf ug{] k|ltab\wtf;d]t hfx]/ ul/Psf] lyof] .
sfo{zfnf ;DkGg
o'g]:sf]sf lgldTt g]kfn /fli6«o cfof]usf] ;lrjfnosf] cfof]hgf
/ o'g]:sf]sf lgldTt sf]l/og /fli6«o cfof]usf] ;xof]udf @)&!
ebf} @( ut]b]lv #) ut];Dd Stakeholders' Orientation
Workshop for Preparing VEP ljifos cled'vLs/0f
sfo{zfnf lrtjgsf] ;f}/fxfdf ;DkGg eof] . UNESCO
Bridge Asia kl/of]hgf sfo{fGjogsf] j|mddf ;~rflnt pSt
sfo{zfnfsf] k|d'v pb\b]Zo d'n'ssf % cf]6} ljsf; If]q / #
cf]6} ef}uf]lns If]q ;d]6]/ ;xefuL u/fOPsf ;fd'bflos cWoog
s]G›x¿dfkm{t\ ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿df ufpF lzIff of]hgf lgdf{0f
;DaGwL Ifdtf ljsf; ug{', k|fs[lts tyf ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfsf]
;+/If0f / k|jw{g ug{'sf ;fy} ;fd'bflos cWoog s]G› tyf
ljb\ofnox¿nfO{ lbuf] ljsf; ;DaGwdf ;r]t u/fpg' lyof] . MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING df x:tfIf/kl5 lzIff ;lrj
sfo{zfnfdf !! cf]6f ;fd'bflos cWoog s]G› / !! cf]6f lzIff;lrj >L ljZjk|sfz kl08t / sf]l/og /fli6«o cfof]usf dxf;lrj
8f]g ;]s ldg .
ljb\ofnosf k|ltlglwx¿sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

!)=$ ;f}o{ pmhf{ ;DaGwL a}7s ;DkGg !)=^ g]kfnsf] cWoIftfdf o'g]:sf]sf] sfo{sf/L ;ldltsf] a}7s
;f}o{ pmhf{ ;xof]u ;DaGwdf ldlt @)&! c;f]h * ut] o'g]:sf]sf ;DkGg
lgldTtg]kfn /fli6«o cfof]usf] ;lrjfnosf] 8s'd]G6];g xndf lzIff dGqfnosf ;lrj tyf o'g]:sf]sf lgldTt g]kfn /fli6«o
a}7s cfof]hgf ePsf] lyof] . pSt a}7sdf ljleGg ;/sf/L tyf cfof]usf dxf;lrj >L ljZjk|sfz kl08tsf] cWoIftfdf
u}/ ;/sf/L lgsfosf k|ltlglwx¿, sf]l/ofsf] xf]k PG8 nfO6 o'g]:sf]sf] sfo{sfl/0fL af]8{sf] u}/ ;/sf/L ;fem]bf/ ;ldlt
P;f]l;o;gaf6 cfpg' ePsf k|ltlglwx¿ tyf ;lrjfnosf (Non Governmental Partners Committee) sf] a}7s
k|ltlglwx¿sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . a}7sdf g]kfnsf] lah'nL o'g]:sf]sf] k|wfg sfof{no k]l/;df ;DkGg eof] . ;g\ @)%# df
9
aTtLsf] ;d:of ePsf e]usf ljb\ofnosf ljb\ofy{L{x¿ tyf o'g]:sf]sf] ;b:o ePkl5 pSt ;ldltdf ;g\ @)!# sf] gf]e]Da/df

;Ifd lzIfs :t/Lo lzIff, ;d[b\lwsf nflu ;fIf/tf / k|ljlwo'St lzIff

 Educational Bulletin - 2071
;g\ @)!# b]lv !% ;Dd @ jif{sf nflu dxf;Dd]ngaf6
lgjf{lrt ePkl5 g]kfnn] klxnf] k6s cWoIftf u/]sf] lyof] .
;f] ;ldltsf] a}7sdf o'g]:sf]sf] sfo{sf/L af]8{sf nflu %*
;b:o /fi6«x¿dWo] ;b:o /x]sf @@ cf]6f /fi6«x¿ / o'g]:sf];Fu
;fem]bf/L ;DaGw /x]sf ljZjsf ljleGg efux¿df sfo{/t sl/a
$)) u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] tkm{af6 k|ltlglwTj /x]sf] lyof] .
o'g]:sf]sf] sfo{sf/L af]8{sf] rfn' !(% c‍ fF} dxflwj]zgdf efu
lng] g]kfnL k|ltlglw d08nsf] g]t[Tj ug{'x'Fb} lzIff ;lrj >L
ljZjk|sfz kl08tn] pSt ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] cWoIftf ug{'
ePsf] lyof] . ;f] cj;/df pxfFn] o'g]:sf]sf] pRr nIo k|flKt
tyf sfo{j|mdx¿sf] ;kmn sfof{Gjogsf] nflu /fli6«o tyf
cGt//fli6«o:t/df u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] cxd\ e"ldsf /x]sf]
/ ljz]iftM ljsf;zLn / kl/jt{gsf] ;ª\j|md0fdf /x]sf ;b:o
/fi6«x¿df s]lG›t x'g' kg{] s'/fdf hf]8 lbg' ePsf] lyof] . u}/
;/sf/L ;ª\3 ;+:yfx¿;Fusf] ;fem]bf/Ldf /fli6«o:t/df klg g]kfn
;/sf/n] lzIff tyf ljsf;sf cGo ultljlwx¿ ;~rfng
ug{] gLlt cjnDag u/]cg'¿k To:tf ;+:yfx¿;Fusf] ;xof]u
/ ;fem]bf/L k|jw{g ug{ cGt//fli6«o:t/df klg k|of;x¿ ug{'kg{]
cfjZostfdfly pxfFn] k|sfz kfg'[{ePsf] lyof] .
o'g]:sf]sf] !(% cf}F sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] cWoIftf ug'{x'Fb} lzIff ;lrj
Pjd\ o'g]:sf]sf lgldQ /fli6«o cfof]usf dxf;lrj >L ljZjk|sfz kl08t
!!=ljb\ofno lzIfs lstfa vfgf
!!=! ;DklTt ljj/0f Joj:yfkg
lgwf{l/t ;do ;Ldf;Dddf ljleGg lhNnfdf sfo{/t :yfoL ;/sf/L
sf]ifaf6 lgoldt ¿kdf tna eTtf kfpg] lzIfsx¿dWo] ^^,$)@
hgfn] cf–cfˆgf] ;DklTt ljj/0f e/L o; lstfavfgfdf btf{
u/fP . ;DklTt ljj/0f a'emfpFbf lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 9fFrfdf cfˆgf]
df]afOn÷kmf]g g+= pNn]v ug]{ lzIfsx¿ !),)*% hgfnfO{ g]kfn
6]lnsd df]afOn ;]jf lgb]{zgfno, k'Nrf]s;Fusf] ;xsfo{df
;ª\lIfKt ;"rgf k|0ffnL -SMS_ dfkm{t\ ;DklTt ljj/0f btf{sf]
hfgsf/L u/fOof] . SMS af6 ;DklTt ljj/0f btf{sf] hfgsf/L
k|fKt ug]{ lzIfsx¿n] ;sf/fTds k|ltlj|mof hgfpFb} o:tf
sfo{nfO{ ;a} lzIfsdf k'¥ofpg ;'emfPsf 5g\ . ;DklTt ljj/0f
eg]{ bfloTj ePsf lzIfsx¿n] ;DklTt ljj/0f eg]{ j|mddf lgDg
q'l6x¿ ug]{ u/]sf] s'/f lsftjvfgfn] cf}+NofPsf] 5 M
 ljlwjt\ ¿kdf vfdaGbL x'g] gu/]sf] .
10
 ;ª\st] gDa/ n]Vg 5'6fpg], n]v] klg unt cª\s /fVg] u/]sf] .
;Ifd lzIfs :t/Lo lzIff, ;d[b\lwsf nflu ;fIf/tf / k|ljlwo'St lzIff
 ljb\ofnodf sfo{/t ;a} lzIfssf] ;DklTt ljj/0f Ps}
vfdleq ;dfj]z eO{ cfpg] u/]sf] .
 cfˆgf] gfdy/, ljb\ofno, df]afOn÷kmf]g g+=, 7]ufgf h:tf
j}olSts ljj/0f klg l7s;Fu pNn]v ug]{ gu/]sf] .
 btf{ ug'{ kg]{ ;do ;Ldfsf] klg clGtd lbg kf/L s'l/o/ tyf
x'nfsaf6 ;DklTt ljj/0f k7fpg] u/]sf] .
 ;DklTt ljj/0f eg]{ bfloTj ePsf lzIfsx¿dWo] s]xLdf
gebf{ klg x'G5 eGg] dfgl;stf sfod} /x]sf] .
!!=@ clgjfo{ cjsfzsf] k"j{ hfgsf/L
lzIff lgodfjnL @)%( adf]lhd axfnjfnf lzIfsx¿nfO{
lghx¿ ;]jf lgj[Tt x'g] pd]/ ^) jif{ k'Ug' ^ dlxgfcufj}
cjsfzsf] k"j{ hfgsf/L k7fpg] k|fjwfgadf]lhd !!$& hgf
lzIfsx¿nfO{ ;DalGwt lhNnf lzIff sfof{no dfkm{t\ ;"rgf
;Dk|]if0f ug]{ sfo{ ;DkGg ul/of] . lzIfsx¿n] ;]jf k|j]z ubf{ k];
u/]sf gful/stf tyf z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0f–kq / lghx¿n]
;]jf k|j]zkZrft\ cfkm}n] e/L k|dfl0ft u/fPsf j}olSts tyf
gf]s/L ljj/0f -l;6/f]n_ df plNnlvt hGdldltdWo] h]7f]
ldltnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ pd]/sf] u0fgf u/L cjsfz ;do Plsg
ul/G5 tyflk plNnlvt cfwf/dWo] s'g}df k"/f hGdldlt gv'nL
;fn jf jif{ dfq pNn]v ePsf] cj:yfdf z}lIfs of]Uotfdf
hGdldlt v'n]sf] eP To;}nfO{ cfwf/ dfgL cjsfz ;do Plsg
ug]{ ul/G5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf gful/stfdf plNnlvt ;fn, jif{ /
z}lIfs of]Uotfdf cª\lst hGdldltlarsf] cGt/ !@ dlxgfeGbf
sd ePdf z}lIfs of]Uotfdf plNnlvt hGdldltnfO{ cfwf/
dfgL cjsfz ;do lgwf{/0f ul/Fb} cfPsf] 5 .
!!=# clen]v Joj:yfkg
lzIfs clen]v Joj:yfkgnfO{ Jojl:yt ¿kdf sfof{Gjog ubf{
b]lvg] u/]sf sdL sdhf]/Lx¿ b]xfoadf]lhd /x]sf 5g\ M
• s]xL :yfoL lzIfsx¿af6 j}olSts tyf gf]s/L ljj/0f
-l;6/f]n_ e/L k|dfl0ft u/fpg] sfd ePsf] 5}g .
• ljleGg sfo{j|mddf l;lh{t k|zf;lgs sf/f]af/sf] hfgsf/L
lstfavfgf;dIf ck]lIft ¿kdf cfOgk'Ug', cfPsf cf+lzs
ultljlwnfO{ klg oy]i7 clen]vLs/0f ug{ g;Sg'[ h:tf
sdhf]/L lgd{"n kfg{ ;lsPsf] 5}g .
• j}olSts tyf gf]s/L ljj/0f -l;6/f]n_ k]; ug]{ j|mddf oy]i6
sfuhft k|:t't x'g ;s]sf] 5}g cflb .
plNnlvt sdhf]/L /xFbf/xFb} klg ;'wf/sf k|oTg ePsf 5g\ . ;?jf,
a9'jf, ;hfoF, cjsfz cflbsf] hfgsf/LnfO{ lghx¿s} j}olSts
tyf gf]s/L ljj/0f -l;6/f]n_ kmfOndf clen]v hgfpg] / ;f]sf]
ljj/0f sDKo'6/df k|lji6 u/fpg];Ddsf sfo{x¿ eO g} /x]sf 5g\ .
clen]v cb\ofjlws ug{ g;Sbf ;]jf k|jfxdf To;sf] k|efj kg]{
u/]sf] 5 . ljz]if u/L cjsfz ;'ljwf lng cfpg] s]xL lzIfsx¿
plNnlvt ck'u ljj/0f lng k'gM ;DalGwt ljb\ofno÷lhNnf
lzIff sfof{no ;Dd k'Ug' kg]{ cj:yf klg ljb\odfg 5 .
!!=$ tnaL k|ltj]bg
k|yd rf}dfl;s cjlwdf ljleGg @^ lhNnfsf hDdf #! xhf/
( ;o *@ hgf lzIfsx¿sf] z}lIfs jif{ @)&! sf] tnaL
k|ltj]bg kfl/t ul/of] . cGo $( lhNnfsf lzIfsx¿sf] tnaL
k|ltj]bg kfl/t ug{sf nflu lhNnf lzIff sfof{no;Fu tfs]tf
eO/x]sf] 5 .
!!=% ;sf/fTds k|efjx¿
• ;DklTt ljj/0f ga'emfpg] lzIfs ;ª\Vofdf ut jif{sf]
t'ngfdf pNn]Vo sdL cfPsf] 5 .
• P;PdP;dfkm{t\ k|;fl/t ;DklTt ljj/0f btf{sf] hfgsf/Ln]
lzIfsdf ;sf/fTds k|efj kf/]sf] 5 .
• lhNnf lzIff sfof{nox¿ tnaL k|ltj]bg kfl/t u/fpg ljut
jif{sf] t'ngfdf lgs} a9L ;lj|mo /x]sf] kfOof] .
• ljz]if kl/l:yltdf afx]s ;]jfu|fxLx¿nfO{ ;]jf k|bfg ubf{ btf{
ePs} lbg ;]jf lbg] / s'g} sfuhft ck'u ÷c:ki6tf eO{
;]jf lbg g;lsg] eP ;DalGwt lgsfodf tTsfn} kqfrf/÷
ˆofS;÷ 6]lnkmf]g u/]/ cfjZos ljj/0f dfu u/L ;]jfsf]
lgsf; lbg], Pjd\ d':sfg;lxtsf] ;]jf k|jfx;d]tn] ubf{
ljut jif{x¿sf] t'ngfdf ;]jfu|fxLx¿sf u'gf;fx¿ klg Go"g
ePsf sf/0f u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ug{ ;xh ePsf] 5 . o:tf
sfo{ ug{df Ifltk"lt{ ;lxtsf] gful/s a8fkq sfof{Gjogsf]
k|efj dxTTjk"0f{ /x]sf] dfGg ;lsG5 .
• ;a} zfvf÷kmfF6df sDKo'6/ Joj:yf u/L ;a} vfnsf ;]jfnfO{
sDKo'6/Ls[t ul/Psf] 5 . o;n] sfo{Ifdtf / s'zntf
a9fPsf] 5 .
• lzIfsx¿sf] clen]vnfO{ x/]s ;ftfsf] cGTodf cb\ofjlws
ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 .
• clwsf+z lzIfsx¿n] clgjfo{ cjsfzsf] k"j{ hfgsf/L
lgwf{l/t ;dod} kfpg yfn]sf 5g\ .
• cjsfz ;'ljwfsf nflu lhNnf lzIff sfof{nox¿af6
l;kmfl/; eO{ cfpg] kmfOnx¿ ljut jif{sf t'ngfdf a9L
Jojl:yt x'g yfn]sf 5g\ .
!@= g]kfn /fli6«o k':tsfno
g]kfn /fli6«o k':tsfnon] @)&! c;f]h @! b]lv @$ ut];Dd
emfkfdf k':tsfno Joj:yfkg tflnd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . lqkmnf
/fli6«o k':tsfno w'nfaf/L, n]vgfy k':tsfno rGb|u9L;d]tsf]
cfof]hgfdf ;~rflnt pSt tflnddf emfkf / Onfddf /x]sf
k':tsfnosf & hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . ;xhLs/0fsf]
sfd /fli6«o k':tsfnosf k|d'v >L ofbjrGb| lg/f}nfn] ug'{
ePsf] lyof] .
lslu{:tfgsf] /fhwfgL lj:s]sdf ;g\ @)!$ sf] ;]K6]Dj/ !&
b]lv @) ;Dd cfof]lht Unesco Memory of the World
Training Workshop in the Asia Region sfo{jm| ddf g]kfnsf]
tkm{af6 g]kfn /fli6«o k':tsfnosf k|dv
' >L ofbjrGb| lg/f}nfn]
;Ifd lzIfs :t/Lo lzIff, ;d[b\lwsf nflu ;fIf/tf / k|ljlwo'St lzIff
efu lng' ePsf] lyof] . pSt sfo{jm| ddf s]z/ k':tsfnodf /x]sf]
g]kfnsf] P]ltxfl;s x:tlnlvt u|Gy …dxfsfnof]u zf:qÚ Pjd\
…v]r/Lljb\ofÚ sf af/]df rrf{ ul/Psf] lyof] .
g]kfn /fli6«o k':tsfnoaf6 cfly{s jif{ @)&!÷&@ sf] klxnf]
rf}dfl;sdf ;~rflnt cGo ultljlwx¿df !^ cf]6f klqsfnfO{
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) k|bfg
ul/Psf] 5 eg] ;f] cjlwdf # ;o cf]6f k':ts vl/b tyf
% ;o yfg k':ts pkxf/ :j¿k k|fKt ePsf] 5 . o;}u/L $%
cf]6f ljb\ofjfl/lwsf zf]wkqx¿nfO{ ljb\o'tLo k':tsfnodf yk
ul/Psf] 5 eg] ljleGg ;fd'bflos k':tsfnox¿df ! ;o @%
yfg k':tsx¿ ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] cjlwdf k':tsfnon]
$ xhf/ ! ;o %) hgf kf7snfO{ k':tsfno ;]jf k|bfg u/]sf]
5 . k':tsfnon] xfn} Nepal National Library News
cª\s #! k|sfzg u/L ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ljt/0f u/]sf] 5 .
!#= s]z/ k':tsfno
cfwf/e"t k':tsfno Joj:yfkg tflnd sfo{j|md ;DkGg
ljut jif{x¿df h:t} rfn' cfly{s jif{ @)&!÷&@ df klg
s]z/ k':tsfnon] jflif{s sfo{ tflnsfadf]lhd xfn} cfwf/e"t
k':tsfno Joj:yfkg tflnd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . cfjZostf x]/L
k|To]s jif{ s]z/ k':tsfnon] b]zsf km/s km/s :yfgdf o;
lsl;dsf] tflnd ;~rfng ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . rfn' cfly{s jif{sf]
;'¿ sfo{jm| dsf] ¿kdf bf]nvfsf] >L xg'dGt]Zj/ pRr dfWolds
ljb\ofno d}gfkf]v/Ldf cfwf/e"t k':tsfno Joj:yfkg tflnd
;DkGg eof] . pSt tflnddf bf]nvf lhNnfsf ljleGg ;fd'bflos
ljb\ofnosf !( hgf lzIfsx¿sf] ;xeflutf lyof] . sfo{jm| dsf]
z'ef/De k':tsfno k|dv ' >L hfgsL sdf{rfo{n] ug'{ ePsf]
lyof] . o;}u/L sfo{jm| dnfO{ ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg ug{ k':tsfno
k|dv
' nufot pxfFsf] 6Ld vl6Psf] lyof] . tflnd sfo{jm| d
;~rfng ug{sf] nflu hg;r]tg jrt tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf
bf]nvf / >L xg'dGt]Zj/ pRr dfWolds ljb\ofno d}gfkf]v/Ln]
;xof]u u/]sf lyP .
cfwf/e"t k':tsfno Joj:yfkg tflndsf ;xefuLx¿sf ;fy k':tsfno k|d'v 11
 Educational Bulletin - 2071
!$= lzIffsf nflu vfb\o sfo{j|md kl/of]hgf
!$=! lbjf vfhf sfo{j|md
cfly{s jif{ @)&)÷&! b]lv lbjf vfhf sfo{j|md !) lhNnf
-?s'd, b}n]v, 88]Nw'/f, 8f]6L, c5fd, a}t8L, bfr'{nf, aemfª,
afh'/f / hfh/sf]6_ x¿df ;~rfng eO/x]sf / o; jif{ klg
lg/Gt/ /x]sf] 5 . o; sfo{j|mdcGtu{t !) lhNnfx¿sf 5gf]6df
k/]sf @&@ uf=lj=;=sf @@@^ ljb\ofno cGtu{tsf sIff !
b]lv % ;Ddsf ;fd'bflos k|fylds ljb\ofnox¿, afn ljsf;
s]Gb|, j}slNks lzIff sfo{j|md tyf k|fylds lzIff lj:tf/
sfo{j|mdsf afnaflnsf;lxt ! nfv ($ xhf/ ljb\ofyL{x¿
nfeflGjt eO/x]sf 5g\ .
k|yd rf}dfl;s k|ult ljj/0f
d'Vo k|yd sflt{s
jflif{s k|ult
j|m=;+= sfo{sf] PsfO rf}dfl;ssf] dlxgfsf]
nIo k|ltzt
ljj/0f k|ult dfq k|ult
lbjf vfhf
! hgf !,($,))) !,^#,@!* !,$#,%$@ *$Ü
sfo{j|md
lbjf vfhf sfo{s|dn] ljb\ofyL{ egf{ b/df ;'wf/ ePsf],
b}lgs xflh/L k|ltztdf j[b\lw ePsf], ljb\ofnoaf6 sIff
5f8L hfg] b/df sdL cfPsf], ljb\ofyL{sf] l;sfO pknlAwdf
j[b\lw, ljb\ofnodf n}ª\lus tyf hftLo lje]bdf ;'wf/ ePsf],
;/f]sf/jfnfx¿df ;/;kmfO ;DaGwL r]tgfdf clej[b\lw ePsf]
/ cleefjssf] cfly{s Jooef/df sdL cfPsf] s'/f pSt
kl/of]hgfaf6 cf}+NofOPsf] 5 .
!$=@ sfo{zfnf uf]i7L ;DkGg
;'b"/ klZrdf~rnsf lbjf vfhf sfo{j|md ;~rflnt lhNnfx¿
-bfr'{nf, a}t8L, 88]Nw'/f, afh'/f, c5fd, aemfª / 8f]6L_ sf
lhNnf lzIff clwsf/Lx¿, PsfO k|d'v tyf n]vf k|d'vx¿sf]
;+o'St Ps lbg] sfo{zfnf uf]i7L wgu9Ldf cfof]hgf ul/Psf]
lyof] . sfd ubf{ cfOkg]{ ;d:ofx¿ klxrfg ug]{, ;d:of
;dfwfg ug]{ pkfox¿ kTtf nufpg] / lhNnf :t/df cfOk/]sf
;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{ ;xhLs/0f ug]{ pb\b]Zosf ;fy lhNnf
lzIff sfof{no / PsfO sfof{no tyf kl/of]hgfsf lardf
cfk;L ;dembf/Lsf] ljsf; ug]{ pb\b]Zon] pSt sfo{zfnf
uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] .
!%= pRr dfWolds lzIff kl/ifb\
!%=! k|yd rf}dfl;sdf ;Dkflbt d'Vo d'Vo sfdx¿
pRrdWolds lzIff kl/ifb\åf/f cfly{s jif{ @)&!⁄)&@ sf]
k|yd rf}dfl;sdf lgDg sfo{s|d ;DkGg u/]sf] 5
!= pRr dfWolds lzIff kl/ifb\ ;efsf] @# cf}F a}7s
@)&!÷)^÷@$ ut] a;L cf=j= @)&!÷)&@ sf]
jflif{s ah]6 tyf sfo{j|md :jLs[t ul/Psf] / ljut @^
12
dlxgfb]lv a:g g;s]sf kl/ifb\sf] j}7s a;]sf] .
;Ifd lzIfs :t/Lo lzIff, ;d[b\lwsf nflu ;fIf/tf / k|ljlwo'St lzIff
@= kl/ifb\sf] ;]jfnfO{ ;dofg's"n ljs]lGb|t ug{] ;Gbe{df
88]Nw'/f, nfxfg / bfªdf kl/ifb\sf yk sfof{nox¿
:yfkgf ul/Psf] .
#= pRr dfWolds lzIff ;efaf6 :jLs[t lgb]{lzsf Pjd\
gD;{ @)^* kl/dfh{gsf nflu Ps sfo{bn u7g u/L
sfof{/De ePsf] 5 .
$= pRr dfWolds lzIff P]g / lgodfjnLsf sltko Joj:yfx¿
c:ki6 /x]sfn] kl/ifb\sf sfd sf/jfxLnfO{ yk Jojl:yt
ug{sf nflu ljlgod Pj+ lgb]l{ zsfx¿nfO{ ;+zf]wg÷PsLs[t
u/L g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t u/fO{ nfu' ug]{ pb\bZ] on] Pp6f
sfo{bn u7g u/L sfo{ k|f/De ul/Psf] 5 .
%= kl/ifb\af6 ;~rflnt sfo{j|mdx¿ k/LIff s]Gb| lgwf{/0f,
ko{j]Ifs lgo'lSt, k/LIff cg'udg, pQ/ k'l:tsf k/LIf0f
/ ;Dk/LIf0f;Ddsf sfo{x¿ ljs]lGb|t u/L kl/ifb\sf
lhNnfl:yt sfof{no Pjd\ lhNnf lzIff sfof{noaf6
ug]{ u/fpg] Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] 5 .
^= sd{rf/L ;]jf ;t{ ;DaGwL ljlgod @)%# bkmf ## s
-@_ adf]lhd ljz]if a9'jf ePsf !@ hgf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{
;dfof]hg u/L kb:yfkg ul/Psf] 5 .
&= nfdf] ;dob]lv ;DaGwg k|bfg gePsf] x'Fbf k|lj|mof k'/f
u/]sf ^# cf]6f dfWolds ljb\ofnox¿nfO{ # jif{sf
nflu c:yfoL ;DaGwg k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 .
*= pRr dfWolds txdf pTt/k'l:tsf k/LIf0f ug]{ lzIfsx¿n]
kfl/>lds j[b\lw ug{sf nflu ljleGg bafad"ns
sfo{j|mdx¿, pTt/k'l:tsf k/LIf0f sfo{ aGb ug]{;Ddsf
sfo{j|mdx¿ ;~rfng u/]sfn] lghx¿;Fu jftf{sf
dfWodaf6 ;d:of ;dfwfg u/L sfo{ ;'rf? ul/Psf] 5 .
(= kl/ifb\sf lhNnfl:yt sfof{nosf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ ah]6
Pj+ sfo{j|md ;~rfng ;DaGwL cled'vLs/0f sfo{j|md
;~rfng ul/Psf] 5 .
!)= pRr dfWolds ljb\ofno cg'udg ;DaGwdf lhNnfl:yt
sfof{no k|d'vx¿nfO{ s]Gb|df af]nfO 5nkmn u/L b|'tt/
¿kdf j:t'lgi7 9ª\un] cg'udg ug{ lgb]{zg Pjd\
clVtof/L k|bfg ul/Psf] .
!!= sIff !@ sf] jflif{s k/LIffsf] k/LIffkmn k|sflzt
-;lDdlnt ljb\ofyL{ ;ª\Vof #,&!,@@) pTtL0f{ ;ª\Vof
!,$$,)*)_
!@= k"jf{jZos kf7\oj|md Centre for Technical Education
And Vocational Training (CTEVT) cGtu{tsf]
k/LIff ;~rfng ePsf] 5
!$= k"jf{jZos kf7\oj|md (CTEVT) cGtu{tsf] k/LIffsf]
k/LIffkmn k|sflzt -& lbgdf_ 5 .
!%= sIff !@ sf] df}sf k/LIff ;~rfng . k"jf{jZos kf7\oj|md
(CTEVT) sf] df}sf k/LIff ;~rfng ePsf]
!^= sIff !@ sf] df}sf k/LIffsf] k/LIffkmn k|sflzt ul/Psf]
 -;lDdlnt ljb\ofyL{ ;ª\Vof @(&*$ pTtL0f{ ;ª\Vof ljb\ofyL{x¿sf nflu cg'bfg, ljb\jt\ j[lTt tyf 5fqj[lTtsf nflu
@$(#&_ / k|:tfj tyf cfj]bg cfXjfg u/]sf] 5 . ljZj ljb\ofnox¿nfO{
!&= k"jf{jZos kf7\oj|md (CTEVT) cGtu{tsf] df}sf k/LIffsf] ;~rfng tyf ljsf; cg'bfg, ljb\ofyL{x¿nfO{ 5fqj[lTt tyf
k/LIffkmn k|sflzt ePsf] -;lDdlnt ljb\ofyL{ ;ª\Vof cg'bfg, cWoog cWofkgdf ;+nUg lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lx¿sf]
&) pTtL0f{ ;ª\Vof %)_ l;k / Ifdtf clej[lb\wsf nflu k'gtf{huLs/0f, cg';Gwfg
ljlwsf] k|lzIf0f, ljb\jt\j[lTtsf] lgwf{/0f cflb sfo{j|mdx¿åf/f
!^= ljZj ljb\ofno cg'bfg cfof]u pRr z}lIfs ;+:yfx¿sf] ljsf;, lj:tf/ tyf z}lIfs, k|fl1s
!^=! jflif{sf]T;j sfo{j|md ;DkGg / ef}lts Ifdtfsf] clej[b\lw ug{ ljZj ljb\ofno cg'bfg
ljZjljb\ofno cg'bfg cfof]un] dª\l;/ & ut]] @! cf}]“
jflif{sf]T;j dgfPsf] 5 . ;fgf]l7dL l:yt cfof]usf] sfof{nodf cfof]usf] sfo{j|md sfo{ljlw – @)&! adf]lhd cfof]un] k|:tfj
;DkGg jflif{sf]T;j sfo{j|mddf ljleGg ljZj ljb\ofnosf cfXjfg u/]sf] xf] .
pks'nklt, /lh:6«f/, k|fWofks, lzIffljb\nufot ljleGg pRr
z}lIfs ;+:yfsf k|d'vx¿sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . cffof]un] lgoldt sfo{j|mdnfO{ ;+:yfut ljsf; cg'bfg / u'0f:t/
;'wf/ sfo{j|md u/L b'O{ efudf ljefhg u/L k|:tfj dfu u/]sf]
jflif{sf]T;j sfo{j|mdsf ljlzi6 cltly lqe'jg ljZj ljb\ofnosf 5 . ;+:yfut ljsf;cGtu{t cfof]un] ljZj ljb\ofnox¿nfO{
k"j{ pks'nklt tyf lzIffljb\ >L s]bf/eSt dfy]dfn] ljutdf cg'bfg, ;fd'bflos SofDk;x¿nfO{ lgoldt cg'bfg, ef}lts
eGbf clxn] g]kfnsf] pRr lzIffdf tLj| ljsf; ePsf] eP ;'ljwf ljsf; cg'bfg k|:tfj cfXjfg u/]sf] xf] . u'0f:t/
tfklg u'0f:t/Lotf / kx'“rsf b[li6n] vf;} cufl8 a9\g g;s]sf] ;'wf/ sfo{j|mddf ljb\jt\ j[lTt -lkPr=8L, Pd=lkmn= zf]w k|aGw
atfpg'eof] . g]kfnsf] ;du| pRr lzIffdf lgodgsf] cefj tof/Lsf nflu ;xof]u, ckfËtf ePsf ljb\ofyL{nfO{ zf]w
/x]sf] atfpb}+ pxf“n] ljZj ljb\ofno cg'bfg cfof]unfO{ cem} k|aGw tof/Lsf nflu ;xof]u_, Ifdtf ljsf; sfo{j|md -Ifdtf
alnof] agfp“b} pRrlzIffsf] lgodgsf/L ;+:yfsf] ¿kdf ljsf; ljsf; tflndx¿, k'gtf{huL tflnd, cg';Gwfg ljlw tflnd_,
ul/g' kg]{df hf]8 lbg'eof] . cg';Gwfg k|jw{g -n3'–cg';Gwfg, ljz]if cg';Gwfg, hg{ndf
n]v k|sfzg ;xof]u, ljb\ofjfl/lwsf nflu cf+lzs ;xof]u_,
sfo{jm| ddf ljZj ljb\ofno cg'bfg cfof]usf cWoIf
cWoog cWofkg e|d0f -pRr z}lIfs ;+:yfdf k|fWofkssf]
k|f=8f=k/fz/k|;fb sf]O/fnfn] ljZj ljb\ofno cg'bfg cfof]u
e|d0f, ;fs{ d'n'sleq e|d0f, ljz]if cWoog÷cg';Gwfg, pRr
lg/Gt/ ¿kdf g]kfnsf] pRr lzIffsf] ;du| ljsf;df nflu /x]sf]]
lzIffsf] ;DaGw lj:tf/, ;ef÷uf]i7Ldf ;xeflutfsf nflu
atfpg' x'b“ } ljZj ljb\ofno cg'bfg cfof]usf] Ifdtf / e"ldsfnfO{
e|d0f cg'bfg_, uf]i7L÷sfo{zfnf÷;Dd]ng cfof]hgsf nflu
cem} a9fp“b} pRr lzIffnfO{ ;Dk"0f{ ¿kdf cg'udg tyf lgodg cg'bfg, 5fqf 5fqj[lTt sfo{j|md tyf u'0f:t/ ;'lglZrttf tyf
ug{ ;Sg] clwsf/o'St lgsfosf] ¿kdf clej[bl\ w ul/g' kg]{] k|Tofog sfo{j|mdsf nflu k|:tfj dfu u/]sf] 5 . ljZj ljb\ofno
cfjZostf cf}N“ ofpg'eof] . ;'zf;g tyf Joj:yfkg clxn]sf] cg'bfg cfof]usf] sfo{j|md sfo{ljlw– @)&! sf ;DaGwdf yk
g]kfnsf] pRrlzIffsf] k|dv ' r'gf}tLsf ¿kdf /x]sf] atfp“b} ;d:of hfgsf/Lsf nflu cfof]usf] j]a;fO6 www.ugcnepal.edu.
;dfwfgsf nflu cfof]un] ;/sf/nfO{ a'emfPsf] k|:tfljt pRrlzIff
np x]g'{xf]nf .
gLlt oyfzSo rf“8f] sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg' kg]d{ f hf]8 lbg'eof] .
sfo{j|mddf cfof]usf ;b:o ;lrj >L ef]nfgfy kf]v/]nn] !^=# ;ef÷uf]i7Ldf ;xeflutfsf nflu e|d0f cg'bfg
cfof]usf] jflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bg k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] . pxf“n]
ljZj ljb\ofno cg'bfg cfof]]un] ev{/} g]kfnsf ljleGg
cfof]un] ljZj ljb\ofno nufot pRr z}lIfs ;+:yfx¿sf] pRr z}lIfs ;:yfdf sfo{/t $* hgf lzIfsnfO{ ljb]zdf
z}lIfs tyf ef}lts ljsf;sf nflu ul/Psf] cg'bfg ljt/0f ;ef÷uf]i7Ldf ;xeflutsf nflu e|d0f cg'bfg pknAw
tyf To;sf] pknlAwsf] ljj/0f;d]t k]; ug'{sf ;fy} cfof]usf]
u/fPsf] 5 . o; sfo{j|mdcGtu{t ljb]zdf cfof]hgf
Ifdtf ljsf;, sd{rf/Lsf] j[lTt ljsf;df ePsf] k|ult Pjd\ x'g] ;DalGwt ljifosf ;ef÷uf]i7L÷sfo{zfnf cflbdf
sfo{kq÷kf]:6/ k|:t'tLs/0fdf ;xefuL x'g pRr lzIff
cfof]usf jt{dfg ;d:of / r'gf}tLaf/] k|sfz kfg'{ePsf] lyof] .
;+:yfdf sfo{/t k"0f{sfnLg lzIfsnfO{ cf+lzs cfly{s
jflif{sf]T;j sfo{j|mddf cfof]un] /Stbfg sfo{j|mdsf ;fy}
;xof]u pknAw u/fOG5 . o;sf ;fy} cfof]un] ljZj
ljleGg v]ns'b k|ltof]lutfsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] .
ljb\ofno tyf ;DaGwg k|fKt SofDk;df sfo{/t lzIfs tyf
!^=@ cfof]usf] lgoldt sfo{j|md sd{rf/Lsf] Ifdtf clej[[b\lw ug{ ^ cf]6f pRRf z}lIfs
ljZj ljb\ofno cg'bfg cfof]un] cfly{s jif{ @)&!÷&@ sf ;+:yfnfO{ sfo{zfnf÷tflnd ;~rfng ug{ cfly{s ;xof]u
13
nflu ljleGg pRr z}lIfs ;+:yf, sfo{/t lzIfs tyf cWoog/t u/]sf] 5 .

;Ifd lzIfs :t/Lo lzIff, ;d[b\lwsf nflu ;fIf/tf / k|ljlwo'St lzIff

 Educational Bulletin - 2071

!^=$ Uf'0f:t/ ljZj;gLotf tyf k|Tofogdf cfsif{0f a9\bf] !&= v'Nnf ljZj ljb\ofno k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ljsf;
ljZj ljb\ofno cg'bfg cfof]un] ;~rfng ul//x]sf] Uf'0f:t/ ;ldlt
ljZj;gLotf tyf k|Tofog sfo{j|mddf ljleGg ljZj ljb\ofno g]kfndf v'Nnf ljZj ljb\ofnosf] :yfkgf ;DaGwdf ljutsf
tyf ;DaGwg k|fKt SofDk;x¿sf] cfsif{0f a9]sf] 5 . clxn];Dd jif{b]lv g} cfjZos k"jf{wf/x¿ v8f eO;s]sf] 5 . u}/ cfjf;Lo
ljleGg !@ cf]6f pRr z}lIfs ;+:yfx¿n] u'0f:t/ ljZj;gLotf g]kfnL ;ª\3 (Non Residetial Nepali Association
tyf k|Tofogsf] k|df0f kq kfO;s]sf 5g\ . Ps ;o @( pRRf -NRNA) sf] cfof]hgfdf ldlt @)&!.)^.@$ ut] /fhgLlts
z}lIfs ;+:yf Uf'0f:t/ ljZj;gLotf tyf k|Tofog k|lj|mofdf bnsf ;ef;b\, g]kfn ;/sf/sf pRr kb:y kbflwsf/Lx¿ /
;xefuL eO/x]sf 5g\ . ljleGg @@ cf]6f ;+:yfn] u'0f:t/sf] lzIffljb\ ;+nUg cGt/lj|mof sfo{j|md xf]6n ofs P08 oltdf
:j–;dLIff k|ltj]bg k'/f u/L cfof]udf a'emfPsf 5g\ eg] &^ ;~rfng ePsf] lyof] . pSt cGt/lj|mofdf g]kfndf v'nf ljZj
cf]6f ;+:yf :j–;dLIff sfo{ ul/x]sf 5g\ . ;fy}, % cf]6f ljb\ofnosf] cfjZostf /x]sf] / ;f]sf] :yfkgf ;DaGwdf ;a}
pRr z}lIfs ;+:yfsf] d"Nofª\sgsf nflu ;dsIfL k'g/fjnf]sg kIfx¿af6 cfjZos kxn x'g' kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbOPsf] lyof] .
sfo{bn u7g ePsf] 5 . o;}u/L zª\s/ xf]6]n sf7df8fF}df g]kfn l:yt ljleGg ljZj
ljb\ofnosf k"j{ pks'nkltx¿, lzIffljb\x¿, g]kfn ;/sf/sf
cfof]un] pRr lzIffsf] u'0f:t/sf ;DAfGwdf tf]lsPsf] k|lj|mof k"j{ Pjd\ jt{dfg pRr kb:y kbflwsf/Lx¿, lzIfs k];fut
k'¥ofO{ ;+:yfsf] u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f tyf d"Nofª\sgkZrft\ lgwf{l/t ;ª\3 ;ª\u7gsf k|ltlglwx¿ Pjd\ ljb\ofy{L{ ;ª\3 ;ª\u7gsf
Go"gtd jf To;eGbf a9L u'0f:t/ ;kmntfsf ;fy xfl;n u/]sf] k|ltlglwx¿ ;+nUg /x]sf] cGt/lj|mof sfo{j|mdsf 6f]nLx¿nfO{
pRr z}lIfs ;+:yfnfO{ k|df0f kq kbfg ug]{ ub{5 . cfof]un] a]nfot l:yt v'Nnf ljZj ljb\ofnosf] lzIf0f k||lj|mof ;DaGwdf
u'0f:t/ ;'lgZrttf tyf k|Tofogsf nflu SofDk;sf] gLlt ToxfFsf lj1x¿af6 cfjZos hfgsf/L pknAw u/fOPsf] lyof] .
tyf sfo{ljlw, kf7oj|mdsf kIfx¿, k7gkf7g tyf d"Nofª\sg xfn g]kfndf v'Nnf ljZj ljb\ofno :yfkgf ;DaGwdf v'Nnf
k|0ffnL, cg';Gwfg, k/fdz{ tyf ;fd'bflos ;]jf, k"jf{wf/x¿ / ljZj ljb\ofnosf] ljw]ossf] d:of}bf th{'df ug{ ;}b\wflGts
lzIf0f ;fdu|Lx¿ tyf ;|f]tx¿, ljb\ofyL{ ;xof]u / dfu{bz{g, :jLs[lt lbg] lg0f{o ePkZrft\ d:of}bf tof/ u/L ljZj ljb\ofno
;"rgf k|0ffnL / ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf u/L cf7 cf]6f dfkb08sf] cg'bfg cfof]usf] /fo k|fKt eO{ cy{ dGqfnosf] /fo;lxt sfg'g
d"Nofª\sgsf] cfwf/df k|Tofog ub{5 . dGqfnodf k7fO;lsPsf] cj:yfdf /x]sf] 5 .
lhNnf ultljlw
lhNnf lzIFf sfof{no, dsjfgk'/ pknlAwk|lt lhDd]jf/ Pjd\ hjfkmb]xL x'g], sDtLdf *) k|ltzt
l;sfO pknlAw xfl;n x'g] , k|To]s ljb\ofno Ps cg';Gwfg s]Gb| /
l;sfO pknlAwsf] ljb\odfg cj:yf k|To]s lzIfs cg';Gwfg stf{sf] ¿kdf kl/lrt x'g], lhNnfleq g}
ljut jif{b]lv ljb\ofyL{sf] l;sfO pknlAw clej[b\lw lhNnfsf] Jofj;flxs lzIff, k|fljlws lzIff, nufotsf] pRr lzIffsf] :yfkgf
k|d'v Ph]08f ag]sf] 5 . ljb\ofyL{sf] l;sfO pknlAwsf cfwf/df x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .
cWofkg/t lzIfsx¿n] k|fKt u/]sf] ;kmntfnfO{ ljb\ofno:t/df
;fj{hlgs;d]t ul/Psf] 5 . xfn lhNnfsf] l;sfO pknlAw l:ylt P;Pn;L k/LIff @)&! sf] tof/L
b]xfoadf]lhd /x]sf] 5 M ut z}lIfs ;q @)&) df ^!=( k|ltzt xfl;n u/]sf]df o; jif{
l;sfO k|fylds tx lgDg dfWolds tx dfWolds tx -sIff ^% k|ltzt glthf xfl;n ug]{ nIo /flvPsf] 5 . o;sf nflu
pknlAw sIff !—% sIff ^—* ( / !)_ lhNnfel/ g} tof/Lsf sfo{j|md ;~rfng ul/Psf 5g\ . o;} j|mddf
cf};t $% $^ %@ lg/LIf0f cg'udgnfO{ ;lj|mo agfOPsf], ;a} ljb\ofnox¿df sDtLdf
Ps pTk|]/0ffTds sIff ;~rfng ul/Psf] / lhNnf lzIff clwsf/Lsf
z}lIfs uGtJosf ¿kdf dsjfgk'/ M cjwf/0ff tkm{af6 ;a} k/LIffyL{x¿sf nflu j}olSts ¿kdf z'esfdgf kq
lhNnf lzIff ;ldlt dsjfgk'/n] o; lhNnfnfO{ cfufdL !) jif{leq k7fOPsf] 5 .
cg's/0fLo z}lIfs uGtJosf] ¿kdf ljsf; ug]{ cjwf/0ff ;fj{hlgs
u/]sf] 5 . pSt cjwf/0ff sfof{GjogkZrft\ dsjfgk'/df cfwf/ tflnd s]Gb| ultljlw
e"t lzIffdf ztk|ltzt ljb\ofyL{sf] ljb\ofno egf{, lg/Gt/tfsf]
;'lglZrttf x'g], ;"rgf k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t ljb\ofnox¿ ;~rfngdf z}lIfs tflnd s]Gb|, sfe|]
cfpg], ljb\ofyL{x¿sf] ck]lIft l;sfO pknlAw ;fj{hlgs u/L ljb\ofyL{sf] afnd}qL jftfj/0fdf l;sfO ug{ kfpg] xsnfO{ ;'lglZrt
pknlAwsf] clea[b\lwsfnflu ;fem]bf/L kb\wlt ckgfOg], ;a} ug{ tyf l;sfOnfO{ ;xhLs/0f u/L ck]lIft l;sfO pknlAw
14 ljb\ofnonfO{ afnd}qL agfpg], ;a} lzIfsx¿ ljb\ofyL{sf] l;sfO xfl;n x'g] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{ u'0f:t/Lo tflndsf] dxTTjk"0f{

;Ifd lzIfs :t/Lo lzIff, ;d[b\lwsf nflu ;fIf/tf / k|ljlwo'St lzIff

e"ldsf /xG5 . of] dxTTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{xsf nflu xfn b]zsf @
(cf]6} z}lIfs tflnd s]Gb|af6 ljleGg tflnd ;~rfng nufotsf
sfo{s|dx¿ ;~rfng ul/Psf 5g\ . z}lIfs tflnd s]Gb|åf/f ul/Psf
ultljlwnfO{ z}lIfs a'n]l6gdf ;dflji6 u/L cfd ;/f]sf/jfnf
;dIf k'¥ofpg] clek|fon] o; cª\sdf z}lIfs tflnd s]Gb| sfe]|,
w'lnv]nsf ultljlwnfO{ ;d]l6Psf] 5 .
k|ult ;dLIff uf]i7L M ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqLaf6 lgb]{zg Pjd\ tflnd s]Gb|sf]
jl/i7 k|lzIfs, k|lzIfs, cu'jf ;|f]ts]Gb|sf ;+of]hs nufotsf cjnf]sg
ljleGg @@ lhNnfsf ;xefuLx¿nfO{ z}lIfs hgzlSt ljsf;
s]Gb|sf] cfof]hgf tyf o; s]Gb|sf] ;+of]hgdf ut cfly{s jif{sf] k|ult
;dLIff / cfufdL cfly{s jif{sf] sfo{j|mdsf af/]df cled'vLs/0f
sfo{zfnf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
k|yd rf}dfl;sdf ;~rflnt sfo{s|dM
jflif{s sfo{jm| d / clVtof/L k|fKt x'g;fy sflt{s dlxgfdf sfe|]
lhNnfsf lgdflj / dflj txdf cWofkg/t lzIfsx¿sf nflu
cfOl;6L Ifdtf ljsf; tflnd / uf]Gkf÷ljxf/df cWofkg/t ljleGg
( lhNnfsf lzIfsx¿nfO{ l6lk8L vfsfdf cfwfl/t lzIfs tflnd
;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] . lzIfssf] sfvdf g} tflnd x'gk' g]{ dfGotfnfO{
:yflkt ug{ o; s]Gb|n] lzIfssf] k];fut Ifdtf ljsf;sf nflu
cfjZostf klxrfg ug{] j|mddf sfe|] lhNnfsf $ cf]6f :yfg
dª\un6f/, bf]nfn3f6, vf]kf;L / w'lnv]ndf lgDgdfWolds tyf
dfWolds txsf k|wfgfWofksx¿sf lglDt cled'vLs/0f sfo{jm| d
;~rfng u/]sf] lyof] . To;}u/L tflnd tyf k'gtf{huL tflndsf
nflu z}lIfs tflnd s]Gb|df cfpFbf ljb\ofyL{sf] l;Sg] cj;/ /
;do;d]tnfO{ b[li6ut u/L lgwf{l/t sf]6fsf cfwf/df lg/Gt/ ljb\ofyL{
d"Nofª\sgsf] k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd /fd]5fk, bf]nvf, l;Gw'kfNrf]s
/ sfe|] lhNnfdf ;DkGg eO;s]sf] 5 . !*@ hgf ;|f]t JolSt,
ljb\ofno lg/LIfs, zfvf clws[t / /f]:6/ k|lzIfsn] lzIfssf]
k];fut Ifdtf ljsf;sf nflu k'gtf{huL tflnd lnO;Sg' ePsf]
5 eg] cGo tflndx¿ lg/Gt/ ;~rfng eO/x]sf 5g\ . To;}u/L
@) hgf ;xfos lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L, ljb\ofno lg/LIfs, zfvf
ljZjsf] s'gf]
kfls:tfgsf] k];fj/ ;x/l:yt cfdL{ :s'ndf
ljb|f]xLsf] cfs|d0fdf k/L ! ;o #$ hgf
afnaflnsfx¿n] Hofg u'dfPsf] 36gfn]
ljZjdf ;a}nfO{ :tAw kf/]sf] 5 . l8;]Da/ !^,
@)!$ df ul/Psf] pSt cfj|md0fsf] lhDd]jf/L
tflnjfg ljb|f]xLn] lnPsf] 5 . ;f] 36gfdf
w]/}h;f] !^ jif{ d'lgsf afnaflnsfx¿ k/]sf]
atfOPsf] 5 . ;g\ @)!$ sf] gf]j]n zflGt
k'/:sf/ ljh]tfdWo]sL kfls:tfgL lszf]/L
dnfnf o';'kmhf{On] pSt 36gfsf] eT;{gf
ub}{ eg]sL lyOg\ æxfdL slxNo} xfg]{ 5}gf}F .Æ Tof]
b'vb 36gfk|lt zf]s dgfpg kfls:tfgL ;/sf/n] #
;Ifd lzIfs :t/Lo lzIff, ;d[b\lwsf nflu ;fIf/tf / k|ljlwo'St lzIff
clws[t, ;|f]t JolSt / /f]:6/ k|lzIfsn] sfo{d"ns cg';Gwfg;DaGwL
& lbg] k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd lnO;Sg' ePsf] 5 . ef}lts cj:yf
;'b[9Ls/0f of]hgfsf cfwf/df k|fyldstf j|mddf o; s]Gb|df /x]sf]
rd]gf u[x tyf jl/i7 k|lzIfssf] cfjf; u[x /ª\u/f]ug u/L ;'rf?
ul/Psf] 5 .
o; s]Gb|df /x]sf] ;efxndf @)&! ;fn sflt{s @! ut] dfggLo
;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqL nfnafa' kl08t, ;lrj >L ªOGb|k|;fb pkfWofo,
;x;lrjåo >L ;'/]z clwsf/L / afa'/fd clwsf/Ln] lhNnfsf
;a} sfof{no k|d'v, sd{rf/L, k|x/L, :yfgLo a'b\lwhLjL nufotnfO{
lghfdtL ;]jfsf ;d:of, r'gf}tL / ;dfwfgsf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpFb}
hgtfnfO{ ;'zf;gsf] k|Tofe"lt lbg ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf ;fy cufl8
a9\g cfu|x ub}{ o; tflnd s]Gb|sf] cjnf]sgkZrft lg/Gt/ k|ult /
;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoSt ug'{eof] .
d'Vo ;lrjaf6 z}lIfs tflnd s]Gb|df pkl:yt lhNnfsf
sfof{no k|d'vx¿;“u 5nkmn tyf cGtlj|m{ofM
@)&! ;fn dª\l;/ @ ut] g]kfn ;/sf/sf d'Vo ;lrj >L nLnfdl0f
kf}8]n o;} s]Gb|df /xL lhNnfsf sfof{no k|dv ' x¿;Fu 5nkmn tyf
cGt/ls|of ug'{ePsf] lyof] . o; s]Gb|sf] lg/LIf0f ug]{ j|mddf pxfFn]
ælzIff g} cj;/x¿sf] 9f]sf / ;a} ljsf;sf] k|:yfg laGb' xf]Æ eGb}
/fi6«;]js sd{rf/Ln] OdfGbf/Lk"j{s st{Jolgi7 eP/ sfo{ ;Dkfbg u/]df
;]jfu|fxLnfO{ km/s cg'e"lt u/fpg ;lsG5 eGg] cfzosf] cleJolSt
cfuGt's k'l:tsfdf k|:| t't ug'{ ePsf] 5 . o; ;Gbe{df cg'udg tyf
lg/LIf0fsf j|mddf ljleGg JolSt tyf ;+:yfn] lbPsf plrt ;Nnfx,
;'emfj / k/fdz{nfO{ cfwf/ dfgL j|mdzM ;'wf/ / ;Daf]wg ug{ z}lIfs
tflnd s]Gb|, w'lnv]n lg/Gt/ ¿kdf lj|mofzLn 5 .
lbgsf] /fli6«o zf]ssf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] lyof] . g]kfn
;/sf/n] klg pSt 36gfsf] eT;gf{ ub}{ lj1lKt
hf/L u/]sf] lyof] . lj1lKtdf elgPsf] lyof],
‘of] dfgjdflysf] cfklTthgs cfj|md0f
xf] . o:tf cfj|md0f hxfF / h;n] u/] klg
cfTdljZjf;L / k|ltab\w ¿kdf k|ltsf/
ug'{k5{ .’ ;/sf/n] cfj|md0fdf k/L Hofg
u'dfPsf kfls:tfgL hgtfk|lt xflb{s
>b\wfGhnL klg JoSt u/]sf] lyof] .
sflGtk'/ /fli6«o b}lgsdf k|sflzt
15
;dfrf/df cfwfl/t
 Educational Bulletin - 2071

cg';Gwfgsf] k|flKt M
lzIfs k];fut ljsf; tflndsf] k|efjsfl/tf cWoog
!= k[i7e"ld • lzIfs k];fut ljsf; dfusf] ¿h' ug{] ;DaGwdf k|wfgfWofkssf]
u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf nflu lzIfs k];fut ljsf; ljb\ofno lzIff tyf e"ldsf Go"g b]lvPsf], /f]:6/ k|lzIfs tyf ;|f]tJolStx¿af6;d]t
pRr lzIff b'j}df cfwf/e"t cfjZostfsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 . jt{dfg k];fut ljsf; dfu cg';f/sf] ljZn]if0fdf ck]lIft ;do lbg
kl/j]zdf z}lIfs hgzlSt ljsf; s]G›n] ljb\ofnosf lzIfsx¿sf g;s]sf] kfOof] .
dfusf cfwf/df k];fut ljsf; tflndnfO{ lg/Gt/ ¿kdf ;~rfng • tflnd ;~rfngsf j|mddf ;xefuLx¿sf] dfucg';f/sf ljifoj:t'
ub{} cfO/x]sf] 5 . o;/L lzIfs k];fut tflnd ;~rfngsf] j|mddf tyf lj|mofsnfkx¿ ;~rfng ePsf tflnd sfo{j|mdx¿ a9L
s]xL ;d:ofx¿ b]vf kl//x]sf] ;Gbe{df ;d:of ;dfwfg u/L tflnd k|efjsf/L ePsf] kfOof] .
sfo{j|mdnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] lbzftkm{ of] cWoog s]lG›t /x]sf] • tflndx¿ k|foM ;d"xdf ;~rfng x'g] ePsf sf/0f JolStut
5 . o; cWoogsf] k|d'v pb\b]Zo xfn ;~rfngdf /x]sf] lzIfs ¿kdf u/]sf sfo{x¿sf] Tolt ;Daf]wg ePsf] kfOPg .
k];fut tflndnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg' /x]sf] 5 . o; j|mddf jt{dfg
lzIfs k];fut tflnddf b]lvPsf tYox¿nfO{ cfwf/ dfgL cWoog $= ;'emfjx¿
ul/Psf] 5 . • ;DalGwt lzIfsx¿nfO{ cfjZstf klxrfgsf] nflu ;DalGwt
k|wfgfWofksaf6 cled'vLs/0f ul/g' kg{] .
@= cWoog ljlw • k|wfgfWofksx¿, lzIfs k|ltlglwx¿ / ljifolj1x¿sf] ;+nUgtfdf
o; cWoogdf ldl>t ljlwsf] pkof]u ul/Psf] lyof] . gd'gfsf]
cfjZstf ?h', k|fyldsLs/0f / Kofs]h ljsf; ;DaGwL @ lbg]
¿kdf k|To]s ljsf; If]qaf6 ! kg{] u/L 88]Nw'/f, ¿kGb]xL, /;'jf /
sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf ul/g' cfjZos b]lvPsf] .
Onfd u/L $ lhNnfx¿sf] 5gf}6 ul/Psf] lyof] . /;'jf lhNnfdf
• lzIfsx¿nfO{ ljb\ofno jf ;|f]ts]G›df k/fdz{ lbg' cfjZos
# ljb\ofnox¿ / afFsL lhNnfx¿df k|To]s lhNnfsf $ cf]6f
/x]sf] .
ljb\ofnox¿sf ljb\ofno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx¿,
• tf]lsPsf] of]Uotf k'/f u/]sf ;Defljt pDd]bjf/x¿dWo]af6
lzIfs cleefjs ;ª\3sf kbflwsf/Lx¿, k|wfgfWofks, lzIfsx¿,
cfGtl/s k|lt:kwf{sf cfwf/df /f]:6/ k|lzIfsx¿sf] 5gf}6 ul/g'
ljb\ofy{L{x¿, ;|f]tJolStx¿, /f]:6/ k|lzIfsx¿ / lhNnf lzIff
cfjZos /x]sf] .
sfo{fnosf kbflwsf/Lx¿;Fu;d]t cfjZos ;Dks{ u/L tYox¿
• tx !, tx @, tx # sf ;d"xx¿nfO{ 5'§f5'§} tflnd ;~rfng
;ª\sng ul/Psf] lyof] .
ul/g' cfjZos /x]sf] .
#= d'Vo k|flKt • /f]:6/ k|lzIfsx¿nfO{ lg/Gt/ ¿kdf k'gtf{huL tflnd ;~rfng
• lzIfsx¿sf] tflnd cfjZstfsf] dfusf] cfwf/df x]b{f ug{' cfjZos b]lvPsf] .
*& k|ltztn] dfu ug{] u/]sf 5g\ . oLdWo] &!=$@ k|ltztn] • lzIfs k];fut ljsf; tflnd !% lbgsf] u/L @ km]hdf ;~rfng
ljifoj:t';Fu ;DalGwt, %&=!$ k|ltztn] lzIf0f ljlw;Fu ul/g' pko'St x'g] .
;DalGwt, %) k|ltztn] lzIf0f ;fdu|L lgdf{0f ;DaGwL, !$=@* • cu'jf ;|f]ts]G›x¿sf] ;ª\Vof a9fpg cfjZos /x]sf] .
k|ltztn] ljb\ofy{L{x¿sf] Jojxf/sf] plrt ;Daf]wg ug{] ;DaGwL, • cg';Gwfg ljz]if1x¿af6 sfo{d"ns cg';Gwfg, cj:yf cWoog
&=!$ k|ltztn] ljb\ofy{Lx¿sf] l;sfO Ifdtf ;DaGwL / &=!$ / kl/of]hgf sfo{sf] tflnd /f]:6/ k|lzIfsx¿nfO{ lbOg' kg{]
k|ltztn] sIffsfo{ ;DaGwL dfu ug{] u/]sf] kfOof] . cfjZostf b]lvPsf] .

g]kfn ;/sf/
lzIff dGqfno
z}lIfs hgzlSt ljsf; s]Gb|
;fgf]l7dL, eStk'/sf]
;"rgf
o; s]Gb|af6 ljt/0f x'Fb} cfPsf] k|fylds, lgDg dfWolds tyf dfWolds txsf !) dlxg] lzIfs tflndsf]
nAwfª\skq -dfs{l;6_, ;f] sf] k|ltlnlk Pjd\ PsLs[t k|df0fkq;d]t z}lIfs tflnd s]Gb| …sÚ af6 ljt/0f ug]{
Joa:yf ePsf] x'Fbf ;Dk"0f{ tflnd k|fKt lzIfsx¿n] cfcfˆgf] ;]jf If]qcGtu{tsf z}lIfs tflnd s]Gb| …sÚ af6}
pk/f]St cg';f/sf] k|df0fkq, dfs{l;6, k|ltlnlk;d]t lng' x'g ;DalGwt ;a}sf] hfgsf/Lsf nflu of] ;"rgf k|;f/0f
ul/Psf] 5 .
16

;Ifd lzIfs :t/Lo lzIff, ;d[b\lwsf nflu ;fIf/tf / k|ljlwo'St lzIff

 ;]jf ;DaGwL hfgsf/L
!= P;Pn;L k/LIffsf] k|ltlnlk k|df0fkq lng] / k|df0fLs/0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf
• P;Pn;L k/LIffsf] nAwfª\s kq / k|df0fkqsf] k|df0fLs/0f k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dLaf6 dfq ul/G5 . o;sf nflu
;Ssn jf gSsn h] k|df0fLs/0f ug'{kg]{ xf], ;f]sf] k|lt;lxt tf]lsPsf] b:t'/ a'emfPsf] /l;b k]; ug'{ kg]{ Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 .
• dfOu|];g, nAwfª\s kq / k|df0f kqsf] k|ltlnlk lngsf nflu k/LIffyL{sf] l;Daf]n gDa/, k/LIff lbPsf] ;fn, ljb\ofnosf] gfd
/ k/LIffsf] k|sf/ -lgoldt÷PSh]D6]8÷k"/s÷sDkf6{_ ;DaGwL ljj/0f sfof{noaf6 pknAw u/fOg] kmf/ddf pNn]v u/L tf]lsPsf]
b:t'/ a'emfpg' kg]{ Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . lj=;+= @)%@ / ;f] eGbf kl5sf jif{sf P;Pn;L k/LIffsf k|ltlnlk ;DalGwt If]qLo lzIff
lgb]{zgfnox¿af6 ;d]t lng ;lsg] 5 . pSt cjlwsf k|ltlnlk k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dLaf6 lng rfx]df bf]Aa/
b:t'/ a'emfpg' kg]{ Joj:yf 5 .
• ;Tofkg / k|ltlnlksf nflu k/LIffyL{ :jo+ pkl:yt x'g' kg]{ 5}g . ;fdfGotof h'g lbg /l;b sfl6Psf] xf] ;f]xL lbg sfd x'g] 5 .
• k|f]lehgn k|df0fkq / k|df0fkq Pp6} x'g\ . k|f]lehgn eg]sf] c:yfoL k|df0fkq xf] . k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{non] xfn k|f]lehgn
k|df0fkq hf/L g} ub}{g . cyf{t\ P;Pn;L pTtL0f{ ;a}nfO{ k|df0fkq g} pknAw u/fOg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 .
@= pRr dfWolds lzIff kl/ifb\,;fgf]l7dL, eStk'/sf lhNnf l:yt sfof{nox¿ / ;f] cGtu{t ;]jf k|jfx x'g] lhNnfx¿M
! lj/f6gu/ sfof{no tfKn]h'ª, ;ª\v'jf;ef, ef]hk'/, t]x|y'd, kfFry/, wgs'6f, Onfd, ;'g;/L, df]/ª, emfkf
@= nfxfg sfof{no l;/fxf, ;Kt/L, pbok'/, cf]vn9'ª\uf, vf]6fª
#= hgsk'/ sfof{no l;Gw'nL, wg'iff, dxf]Tt/L, ;nf{xL
$= x]6f}F8f sfof{no /f}tx6, af/f, k;f{, dsjfgk'/, lrtjg
%= sf7df8f}F sfof{no sf7df8f}+, nlntk'/, eStk'/, sfe|]knf~rf]s, l;Gw'kfNrf]s, bf]nvf, /fd]5fk, wflbª, g'jfsf]6, /;'jf, ;f]n'v'Da'
^= kf]v/f sfof{no uf]/vf, sf:sL, tgx'F, ndh'ª, kj{t, :ofª\hf, dgfª, DofUbL, afUn'ª, d':tfª
&= a'6jn sfof{no u'NdL, kfNkf, gjnk/f;L, ¿kGb]xL, slknj:t', c3f{vfFrL
* g]kfnuGh sfof{no afFs], alb{of, ;'v]{t, b}n]v, hfh/sf]6, 8f]Nkf, h'Dnf, sfnLsf]6, d'u', x'Dnf
(= bfª sfof{no bfª, Ko'7fg, /f]Nkf, ?s'd, ;Nofg
!)= wgu9L sfof{no s~rgk'/, s}nfnL
!!= 88]Nw'/f sfof{no 88]Nw'/f, a}t8L, bfr'{nf, aemfª, afh'/f, 8f]6L, c5fd
;"rgfx¿
k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eStk'/sf] ;"rgf Û
/fli6«o kf7\oj|md ljsf; tyf d"Nofª\sg kl/ifb\sf] ldlt @)&!÷)#÷#) sf] j}7ssf] lg0f{ocg';f/ P;Pn;L k/LIffdf ;lDdlnt x'g]
k/LIffyL{x¿sf] k|of]ufTds k/LIff x'g] ;Dk"0f{ ljifox¿sf k/LIffsf] Joj:yfkg tyf ;~rfng ljb\ofno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt / k|wfgfWofkssf]
;xof]udf ljifo lzIfsn] ug]{ eGg] lg0f{o ePsf] egL kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb|sf] r=g+= && ldlt @)&!÷)%÷!% sf] kqaf6 n]vL cfPsfn]
;f]xLcg';f/ ug'{ u/fpg' x'g ;DalGwt ;a}sf] hfgsf/Lsf nflu of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 .

k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eStk'/sf]

@)&! ;fnsf] P;Pn;L k/LIff -lgoldt tyf PSh]D6]8sf]_ ;do tflnsf ;DaGwL ;"rgf �
@)&! ;fnsf] P;Pn;L k/LIff b]xfoadf]lhdsf] sfo{tflnsfcg';f/ ;~rfng ug]{ u/fpg] lg0f{o ePsfn] ;DalGwt ;a}sf] hfgsf/Lsf nflu
of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 .
;do tflnsf
k/LIff ;~rfng ;do M laxfg *M)) ah]b]lv !!M)) ah];Dd
j|m=;+= ldlt ljifo
! @)&! ;fn r}t % ut] clgjfo{ cª\u|]hL
ljxLaf/ j]b ljb\of>dtkm{ M clgjfo{ ;+:s[t efiff / ;flxTo÷cª\u|]hL
@ @)&! ;fn r} t ^ ut] clgjfo{ g]kfnL
z'j|maf/ u}/ g]kfnL ljb\ofyL{x¿sf nflu cª\u|]hL (Elective English)
# @)&! ;fn r}t * ut] clgjfo{ ul0ft
cfOtaf/
$ @)&! ;f]daf/
;fn r}t ( ut] clgjfo{ lj1fg
j]b ljb\of>dtkm{ M clgjfo{ ;+:s[t Jofs/0f / cg'jfb 17

;Ifd lzIfs :t/Lo lzIff, ;d[b\lwsf nflu ;fIf/tf / k|ljlwo'St lzIff

 Educational Bulletin - 2071

% @)&! ;fn r}t !) ut] clgjfo{ ;fdflhs

dª\unaf/ k|fljlws ljifotkm{ M Farm Management and Marketing/Engineering drawing/Computer Repair
and Maintenance
clgjfo{ :jf:Yo, hg;ª\Vof tyf jftfj/0f lzIff
^ @)&! ;fn r}t !! ut] j];+b:s[ljb\
t
of>dtkm{ M clgjfo{ sd{sf08
tkm{ M clgjfo{ ;+:s[t efiff
a'waf/ k|fljlws ljifotkm{ M Aquaculture and Fisheries/Electrical Measurement and Instrument/Computer
Networks/Engineering Surveying

& @)&! ;fn r}t !@ ut] P]lR5s k|yd kqsf ;a} ljifox¿
ljxLaf/ k|fljlws ljifotkm{ M P]lR5s ul0ft (Optional Maths)

* @)&! ;fn r}t !# ut] P]lR5s låtLo kqsf ;a} ljifox¿

z'j|maf/ k|fljlws ljifotkm{ M Vegetable and Medicinal Plant Production/Dairy and Dairy Products/
Utilization of Electrical Energy/Database Management System/Building Construction

( @)&! ;fn r}t !$ ut] k|fljlws ljifotkm{ M Crop Production/Small Ruminant Production and Management/Electronic
zlgaf/ Device and Circuit/Water Resources Engineering

!) @)&! ;fn r}t !% ut] k|fljlws ljifotkm{ M Industrial Entomology and Mushroom/Animal Health-II/Electrical Machine/
cfOtaf/ Microprocessor/Highway Engineering

!! @)&! ;fn r}t !^ ut] k|fljlws ljifotkm{ M Floriculture and Nursery Management/Veterinary Laboratory Techniques/Industrial
;f]daf/ Installation and Maintenance/Object Oriented Programming/Estimating Costing and Supervision

kl/of]hgf kl/ro
;Lk ljsf; kl/of]hgf
;Lk ljsf; kl/of]hgf Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}+s / g]kfn
;/sf/sf] ;xof]udf lzIff dGqfno cGtu{t ;+rfngdf kl/of]hgfsf emns
/x]sf] 5 . o; kl/of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog k|fljlwsm kl/of]hgfsf emns M ;Lk ljsf; kl/of]hgf
lzIff tyf Joa;los tflnd kl/ifb\ cGtu{t kl/of]hgf kl/of]hgfsf g+= M #*!&^––)!% cg'bfg g+= M )#$%
sfof{Gjog sfof{no -Project Implementation ;xof]u M Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}+s / g]kfn ;/sf/
Unit_, ;Lk ljsf; kl/of]hgf / lzIff dGqfno cGtu{t ;+rfng ug]{ ;+:yf M lzIff dGqfno
TVET ;]S6/ ljsf; zfvf -TSDU_ af6 eO/x]sf] 5 . sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfx¿ M k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tflnd kl/ifb\ cGtu{t
PlzofnL ljsf; a}+ssf] @) ldlnog cd]l/sL 8n/ kl/of]hgf sfof{Gjog sfof{no (Project Implementation Unit), ;Lk ljsf; kl/of]hgf
cg'bfg /x]sf] kl/of]hgfsf] cjlw % jif{ -;]K6]Da/ !# / lzIff dGqfno cGtu{t (TEVT) ;]S6/ ljsf; zfvf (TSDU)
b]lv h'nfO{ @)!* ;Dd_ /x]sf] 5 . Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}+ssf] cg'bfg M @) ldlnog cd]l/sL 8n/
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;xof]u M % ldlnog cd]l/sL 8n/
kl/of]hgfsf] pknlAw kl/of]hgf cjlw M % jif{ -;]K6]Da/ @)!# b]lv h'nfO{ @)!* ;Dd_
pknlAw ! b]zdf /x]sf] Joks a]/f]huf/L tyf :jLs[t ldlt M h'g, @)!# kl/of]hgf x:tfIf/ M h'nfO{, @)!#
cw{a]/f]huf/Lo'St >dzlStx¿ dWo]df s/Lj $%))) k|efjsfl/tf M cS6f]a/, @)!# ;dflKt M h'nfO{, @)!*
o'jfo'jtLx¿nfO{ 5f]6f] cjlwsf] pTkfbgd"ns If]q, lgdf{0f d"n ;dflKt M @)!*
If]q, ;]jfd"ns If]q;Fu ;DalGwt Joa;flos tflndx¿
k|bfg u/L ;f]sf] ;Lk k/LIf0f u/fO{ /f]huf/L l;h{gf u/fpg'
/x]sf] 5 . h;dWo]df #^)))hgf lghL:t/af6 / afFsL
())) k|fljlws lzIff tyf Joa;flos tflnd kl/ifb\ cflËs lzIffnox¿nfO{ gd'gf lzIffnosf] ¿kdf ljsf; ug{ s]xL dfkb08x¿
sf cflËs lzIffnox¿af6 ul/g] Joa:yf /x]sf] 5 . • Governance and Management ;~rfng tyf Joa:yfkg
pknlAw @ Quality Improvement Program (QIP) • Teaching and Learning cWofkg tyf l;sfO
cGtu{t k|fljlws lzIff tyf Joa;flos tflnd • Support to student ljb\ofyL{ k|f]T;fxg
kl/ifb\sf !) cf]6f cflËs lzIffnox¿nfO{ gd'gf • Teacher/Faculty lzIfs tyf ;+sfo
Budget and funding sources ah]6 ;|f]tx¿
lzIffnosf]¿kdf ljsf; u/L yk gofF laifodf sfo{s|d • • Facilities and Environment jftj/0fLo ;'ljwf
;~rfng ug{ uO/x]sf] 5 . ;fy} QIP dfkb08x¿sf] af/]df • Management and Information System ;"rgf tyf Joa:yfkg
;DalGwt lzIffnox¿df sfd ;'? e};s]sf] 5 .k|fljlws • Linkage to industry   pb\of]u;Fusf] ;DaGw
18
lzIff tyf Joa;flos tflnd kl/ifb\sf !) cf]6f • Research and Development cg';+wfg tyf ljsf;

;Ifd lzIfs :t/Lo lzIff, ;d[b\lwsf nflu ;fIf/tf / k|ljlwo'St lzIff

 ;+:yf kl/ro
hgs lzIff ;fdu|L s]Gb| lnld6]8 M Ps lrgf/L
ut] sDkgL P]g @)@! cGt{ut g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ :jfldTjdf
/xg] u/L …hgs lzIff ;fdu|L s]Gb| lnld6]8, ;fgf]l7dL,
eStk'/sf] ¿kdf :yflkt x'g eof] . Toltv]/ cyf{t\ z}lIfs ;q
@)#%÷)#^ df g} o; s]Gb|n] sl/a ## nfv %) xhf/ yfg
kf7\o k':ts 5kfO u/L ljj|mL ljt/0fdf NofO;s]sf] cj:yfnfO{
b[li6ut ubf{ :yfkgfsfnd} o; s]Gb|n] lzIffsf] If]qdf /fi6«sf]
d'6'sf] ¿kdf 5kfO hut\df cfkm"nfO{ Ps cu|0fL ;+:yfsf]
¿kdf :yflkt u/fO;s]sf] lyof] . o;} j|mddf ut cfly{s jif{
lj=;+= @)!@ ;fndf sf7df8f}Fsf] tfxfrndf ;~rflnt lzIfs @)&)÷)&! df o; s]Gb|sf] jflif{s nIo cg'dfg @ s/f]8 %)
lzIf0f s]Gb|df tflnd lng] lzIfsx¿sf nflu cfjZos z}lIfs nfv ePsf]df ! s/f]8 $$ nfv kf7\o k':ts 5kfO u/L !
;fdu|L k|sfzg ug]{ ;+:yfsf] ¿kdf of] s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf ePsf] s/f]8 !* nfv @( xhf/ %!! yfg kf7\o k':ts ljj|mL ljt/0f
xf] . lj=;+= @)!# ;fndf o; ;+:yfnfO{ k'gu{7g u/L Ao'/f] ug{ ;s]sf] lyof] . rfn' cfly{s jif{ @)&!÷)&@ sf] nflu
ckm klAns];g, sn]h ckm Ph's];gcGt{ut /flvof] . g]kfnL s]Gb|sf] jflif{s nIo @ s/f]8 #) nfv /x]sf]] 5 .
lzIff If]qnfO{ p7fpFb} hfg] j|mddf lj=;+= @)!* ;fnsf] h]7 o; hgs lzIff ;fdu|L s]Gb| lnld6]8 ;fgf]l7dL, eStk'/n]
dlxgfb]lv o; ;+:yfnfO{ lzIff ;fdu|L pTkfbg s]Gb| / n]vs rfn' cf=j= @)&!.)&@ sf] >fj0fb]lv sflTts d;fGt;Ddsf
s]Gb|sf] ¿kdf :yfkgf ul/of] . o;/L @)!* ;fnb]lv @)@@ nflu kf7\ok':ts pTkfbgtkm{ ^@ nfv yfg nIo /x]sf]df $)
;fnsf] cjlwdf k|fylds sIffsf !) cf]6f k':tsx¿ pTkfbg nfv ^* xhf/ %) yfg pTkfbg eO{ ^%= ^! k|ltzt k|ult
u/L ljt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . k]ml/ @)@# ;fndf …lzIff ;fdu|L ePsf] 5 . cEof; k'l:tsf ! nfv yfg pTkfbg nIo /x]sf]df
pTkfbg s]Gb|Ú / …n]vs s]Gb|Ú nfO{ PsLs[t u/L …lzIff ;fdu|L # xhf/ ! ;o !@ yfg pTkfbg tyf ljj|mL ljt/0f eO{ #=!!
s]Gb|Ú agfOof] . ;f]xL ;fnsf] cGTolt/ cd]l/sL ;/sf/sf] k|ltzt k|ult ePsf] 5 . To:t} u/L l;l6Olel6sf nflu d"n
;xof]udf lgdf{0f ePsf] ;fgf]l7dL, eStk'/l:yt ejgdf pTt/ k'l:tsf # nfv #) xhf/ yfg / yk pTt/ k'l:tsf @
;fl/of] . lj=;+= @)@$ ;fn h]7 @( ut] o; s]Gb|sf] ljlwjt\ nfv !% xhf/ yfg pTkfbg tyf ljt/0f eO{ nIocg';f/ zt
pb\3f6g ePkl5 /fli6«o lje"lt /fhf hgssf] ;Demgfdf o; k|ltzt k|ult ;DkGg u/]sf]] 5 .
s]Gb|sf] gfdsf] cufl8 …hgsÚ
zAb yk]/ …hgs lzIff ;fdu|L
s]Gb|Ú egL gfds/0f ul/of] .
/fli6«o lzIff kb\wlt …@)@*–
)#@Ú nfu' ePkl5 o;
s]Gb|nfO{ ljz]if pTt/bfloTj
yk eof] . To;kl5 o;
s]Gb|nfO{ ljb\ofno:t/Lo sIff
! b]lv !) ;Ddsf] kf7\o
k':tssf cltl/St lzIfs
lgb]{zg k'l:tsf, cEof;
k'l:tsf, :s]r Kof8, afnsyf
/ lj1fg ;fdu|L cflb
z}lIfs ;fdu|Lx¿sf] pTkfbg
Pjd\ ljj|mL ljt/0f ug]{ /
/]l8of]åf/f z}lIfs sfo{j|md
k|;f/0f ug]{ sfdsf] yk
lhDd]jf/L;d]t ;'lDkof] . o;/L
s]Gb| Pskl5 csf]{ km8\sf] dfg]{
j|mddf @)#% ;fn c;f]h * 19

;Ifd lzIfs :t/Lo lzIff, ;d[b\lwsf nflu ;fIf/tf / k|ljlwo'St lzIff

 g]kfn ;/sf/
lzIff dGqfno
z}lIfs hgzlSt ljsf; s]Gb|
;fgf]l7dL, eStk'/
z}lIfs /]l8of] sfo{qmd===== z}lIfs /]l8of] sfo{qmd===== z}lIfs /]l8of] sfo{qmd=====
ljb\ofnosf] sIff sf]7fleqsf] k7gkf7gb]lv l;+xb/jf/sf]
lzIff dGqfno;Dd, lzIff If]qsf gLlt lgdf{tfb]lv
ljBfnosf ;/f]sf/jfnf;Dd / lzIffsf k|d'v r'gf}tLb]lv
pNn]vgLo /fd|f cEof;;Ddsf ;a} gfnLa]nL;lxt
k|To]s lbg a]n'sL &M#) ah] /]l8of] g]kfnsf] lgDg
lk|mSj]G;Lx?af6 k|;f/0f x'g] z}lIfs /]l8of] sfo{qmd
;'gL lzIff If]qsf tfhf ultljlwx?af6 glhs /xf}+,
lzIff If]qsf] ;'wf/sf] nflu ;'emfj lbg] afgL a;fnf}+ .

ljj/0f ldl8odj]e :6];g ;6{j]e :6];g Pkm=Pd= :6];g

lk|mSj]G;L :6];g lbkfon ;'v{]t v'dn6f/ a'9Ltf]nf bfr{'nf
!)# d]ufxh{ (* d]ufxh{
h'Dnf sflnsf]6
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lk|mSj]G;L *!) lsnf]xh{ %&^ lsnf]xh{ x'Dnf bfª
(* d]ufxh{ (* d]ufxh{
d'u' 8f]Nkf
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lk|mSj]G;L ^*$ lsnf]xh{
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kf]v/f
lk|mSj]G;L :6];g alb{jf; sf7df8f}+ !)) d]ufxh{
sf7df8f}+ jL/u~h
!)) d]ufxh{ !)) d]ufxh{
lk|mSj]G;L !!$# lsnf]xh{ &(@ lsnf]xh{
e/tk'/ alb{jf;
!)# d]ufxh{ !)# d]ufxh{
lk|mSj]G;L :6];g w/fg l;de~Hofª Onfd
lk|mSj]G;L ^$* lsnf]xh{ !)) d]ufxh{ !)) d]ufxh{
z}lIfs hgzlSt ljsf; s]Gb|af6 k|;f/0f ul/Psf z}lIfs sfo{qmdx¿ z}lIfs hgzlSt ljsf; s]Gb|sf] j]e;fO6
www.nced.gov.np df klg ;'Gg ;lsg]]5 .

;Dks{ 7]ugf– Od]n M radiodeol@gmail.com; kmf]=g+= M km\ofS; M

cfly{s jif{ @)&!÷&@ sf] z}lIfs j'n]l6g k|sfzgsf -klxnf] rf}dfl;s_ j|mddf sfo{ ;d"xdf /xL ;xof]u ug'{x'g] ljleGg lgsfosf
k|ltlglw Pjd\ cfˆgf] lgsfosf] ultljlw tyf ;"rgf k|bfg u/L ;xof]u ug]{ lzIff dGqfno, dftxt lgsfo / ;Dab\w ;a} lgsfox¿k|lt
xfdL wGojfb lbg rfxG5f}F .
– z}lIfs ;"rgf tyf lg/Gt/ lzIff zfvf, z}lIfs hgzlSt ljsf; s]Gb|, ;fgf]l7dL eStk'/
k|sfzs
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lzIff dGqfno
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;fgf]l7dL eStk'/
kmf]g g+ M ^^#!@&^, km\ofS;M ^^#)!(#, Od]n M nced@nced.gov.np, j]j;fO6M www.nced.gov.np