Circulation

Saraswati Vidya Niketan

Human and Social Biology

Name: Form:

Answer all questions. (25 marks) Time: 30 mins

Question 1

(a) Figure 1 is a diagram of the human heart. Label any six parts. (6 marks)

Diagram of the human heart

(b) Label an ‘X’ to the chamber of the heart which pumps blood to the lungs. (1 mark)
(c) The three main blood vessels of the circulatory system are the arteries, capillaries and veins. Name
the blood vessel that:
(i) Transports substances to and away from the cells. (1 mark)
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(ii) Contains valves. (1 mark)
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(iii) Has a thick and elastic muscular wall to withstand blood pressure. (1 mark)
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(d) All arteries transport blood away from the heart and then towards an organ. The following is a list of
arteries found in the circulatory system: mesentric artery, hepatic artery, carotid artery, pulmonary
artery. Identify the artery from the list above which:
(i) Transports blood to the liver (1 mark)
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(ii) Transports blood to the intestines (1 mark)
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(iii) Transports blood to the brain (1 mark)
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Circulation
Question 2

(a) Ariel mistakenly cut her finger when peeling a potato last week and noticed now that a blood clot has
formed.
(i) Which component of blood aids in blood clotting? (1 mark)

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(ii) Which blood protein reacts with Fibrinogen to form Fibrin during the blood clotting mechanism?
(1 mark)
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(iii) Besides preventing bleeding, what is one other importance of the blood clotting mechanism?
(1 mark)
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(b) State the difference between :

(i) Antigens and antibodies (2 marks)
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(ii) Lymph and tissue fluid (2 marks)

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(c) There are a number of cardiovascular disorders that affect the circulatory system such as
hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary thrombosis etc.
(i) Explain how hypertension can cause a heart attack. (3 marks)
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(ii) State two ways of treating hypertension. (2 marks)

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