Professional Documents
Culture Documents
…In Neapolitan painting of the High Baroque style of the second half of
the 17th century, as represented by Lucca Giordano, a further change of
brushwork took place. Typical of the loose concept are long brushstrokes
that do not hide the marks of the brush. Such a concept was revealed on
an X-ray picture of St. Sebastian, belonging to the National Gallery,
originally attributed to Ribera. Dr. Ladislav Daniel is convinced that it is the
work of Lucca Giordano. The optical base of this picture is traditional:
a dark brown ground on netting…
Simon Vouet, The Suicide of Lucretia
https://www.flickr.com/photos/havala/4235259052/in/photostream/
Giulio Carpioni, Burial of Adonis
https://www.flickr.com/photos/havala/4235267990/
…The ground is always coloured in the entire material, in a broad range
of warm tones from ochre yellow to dark brown and almost black colour…
…Our samples show that there were two bonding media of the ground in
Italian Baroque painting. Laboratory tests confirmed the presence of oil as
the main component, at the same time a frequent share of proteins was
found. That means that a mixture of emulsion character was often used…
All samples were taken from the right-hand margin of the picture. After
being sealed in resin microscope sections were prepared. The layer
system was dyed with black amide for proteins and Sudan Black B for oil.
The pigments were demonstrated by microscope observation of their
optical qualities and microchemical tests were added. In one case, sample
No. 2, spectral analysis was added carried out in the restoration studio by
Dr. Králová.
Ground: The yellow-brown ground contains yellow and red ochres, lead
white and siliceous parts. The histochemical proof by dyeing on cross
sections and the foam test are positive for oil.
Paint:
Sample No. 1 - background - the dark colour of the background is
formed by a mixture of brown, black and red pigments.
Sample No. 2 - red draperies - the layer of red colour contains mercury
red with an admixture of ferric red, red organic varnish, lead white and
charcoal black. The mercury red was demonstrated in the spectral
analysis by a conspicuous line on the spectral board in the area of
mercury.
Sample No. 3 - white paper - the white painting was created with lead
white and an admixture of black particles, probably charcoal black.
Luca Giordano, St Sebastian
http://www.art-prints-on-
demand.com/kunst/noartist/g/giordano__s
aint_sebastian.jpg
Molenstraat 47
8790 Waregem
Oil canvas
For an ‘oil canvas’, zinc white is used as the primer, bound with
linseed oil. After that the canvas is put into a drying room for three
days where it air-dries naturally. After that, we sand the canvas
again and apply a coating layer based on titanium white. The
canvas then has to go back into the drying room for a further ten
days.
Absorbent canvases
‘Absorbent canvases’ are given two primer layers of chalk, bound
with glue based on rabbit skins. Because this primer is water
based, these canvases can be dried in the dry-air oven, where the
water can evaporate more quickly.
http://www.claessenscanvas.com/en/products/types-of-canvas
linen canvas Glued (2x glue)
http://www.claessenscanvas.com/en/products/canvas/filter?form=se
archCanvases&form_token=&category_structure=&category_prepa
ration=108&category_quality=&add=View+results
Updates on priming materials (June 8, 2018)
http://www.winsornewton.com/na/shop/oils-mediums-varnishes-
and-solvents/oil-colour/Primers/oil-painting-primer-16-9-us-fl-oz-
500ml-pot-3050994
OIL PAINTING PRIMER
A ready-to-use primer in a non-yellowing oil-modified alkyd resin
medium. No thinning or stirring is required. Oil Painting Primer can
be applied directly to metal or porous surfaces (glue-sized canvas,
untreated wood, hardwood, plywood, paper) with virtually no sinking
in. A small amount of oil colour can be mixed into the Oil Painting
Primer for tinted priming. The treated ground then accepts oil
colours easily and without chalkiness or absorbency.
Holbein Art Materials Inc.
http://holbeinamerica.com/wp-
content/uploads/2014/11/Foundations_group.png
Foundation Color
It is the color for under-coating based on silver white. This white
erases the original color of canvas or painting material to make
other colors conspicuous and to assist fixing of the colors. We
provide white, umber, grey, and greenish.
Pigment… white lead, and more...
Medium… linseed oil
http://www.holbein-works.co.jp/english/0403.html