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Lin. Fuan (Philip)

ESL 33B

Dr. Carlisi

12 June 2018

Thesis Statement

In recent years, gays and lesbians are being more cared by people. Their stress from homophobia

is getting less than previous, and they are eligible to get married legally in some States in

America, but discrimination of homosexual and hate crimes still exist.

Detailed Outline

I. Introduction

A. The reason of why homosexual was discriminated and hate crimes happened.

1. People thought homosexuals were unhealth, they were carrying virus.

2. Homosexual was regarded as sinful in some religion.

3. Nearly half of gays were in poverty (Dale 575)

B. Thesis: Homosexual was risky, they were not under a fair well protection by

government. Some of them experienced hate crime, and they were not treated fairly by

law.

II. Detail the reasons of why homosexuals were discriminated

A. Men sexed with men is considered as the primary way of HIV transmission (Dale

574).
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B. Homosexuals might represent dirty in religion, and homophobic ‘s attitude motive to

attack homosexuals. (Tiby 115).

C. Same sex couples provide a bad environment for raising a child.

III. The treatment of homosexual in American history.

A. Homosexual ‘s treatment in American history.

1. In ancient America men who sex with men would be killed by government.

(Bantley 546)

2. In twentieth century of America, gays and lesbians were treated adversely by

federal government.

3. Homosexual was assumed as mental sickness, and government against

homosexual by law.

B. Recent centuries, people and law enforcement treated sexual-minority bad, indeed to use
violence.

1. Homosexual was assaulted by people (Bantley 548)

a. A report by Kuehnle and Sullivan showed that the victims of most incidents

were male (Bantley 549).

b. Hate crimes of homosexual could be very serious, murder was mentioned by an

interviewee of homosexual. (Bantley 549)

2. Homosexual was treated unfairly by government

a. Gays and lesbians were facing the threaten of loss job or loss child custody.

b. Government took no action about discrimination of homosexual. Anti-gay hate

crimes didn’t get punished. (Bantley 550)

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3. People who attacked homo people.

a. Half of them are younger than 21 years old. (Tiby 120)

b. Most of assaulter didn’t know victims before. (Tiby 120)

IV. Homosexuals and Law

A. Homosexuals were and are treated unfairly in Law.

1. Homo people were criminal in Law, and they would get in prison and be forced to

get psychiatric treatment.

2. Law didn’t protect homosexuals well

a. Employer could fire employee by their sexual orientation.

b. Nowadays, some states have not recognized sexual orientation as portion of

hate crime statutes. (Bantley 552)

B. Marriage of homosexuals were not allowed

1. Marriage was limited as a man and a woman only

2. The constitutional amendment defined that homosexual didn’t have right to

get marry

IV. Stereotype of homosexual

A. Homosexual was considered as negative, people avoided to talk about it.

B. Homosexuals in drama, movie or novel usually plays negative characters

V. Conclusion

Even homosexuals are taking more and more attention in nation, and government are

getting more equally to treat them, they are still under strong pressure. There is still a

big amount of people who against LGBT, and discrimination still exist.
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Introduction

In recent decades, homosexuals are grabbing more and more attentions. More countries

improve their treatment to sexual-minority. People realized the unequal of the treatment to homo

people, and they are trying to make homosexuals have same rights as heterosexual.

Homosexuals are discriminated by heterosexism. Man sex with a man is a main way of

HIV transmission (Dale 574). HIV is virus that cause AIDS, it can let people be weak, and easy to

be sick and dead. So that, homosexuals are considered as HIV carrier, and often get

discrimination. And in some religions, homosexuals are regarded as devil or dirty, they are not

pure and violated the Lord, so people might feel afraid or uncomfortable and be homophobic.

Then, the hate crimes might happen, heterosexuals may assault homosexuals. (Tiby 115) African

American men represented as the largest portion of homosexuals. (Dale 574) And most of them

are under poverty, it also could be the reason that makes them be discriminated. They were

doubted about the ability for raising children. People thought same sex couples provide a bad

environment for raising a child, their children will turn out gay.

Even though society has treated homosexuals much more better than before, the hate

crimes and unfair treatment to homosexuals are still existed. For building an equal social system

for homosexual, we still have a long way to go.

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Body Paragraphs: Outline Section II. A

There is no doubt that one of the main reasons of why homosexuals were discriminated by

people is the problems about HIV transmission. As everyone known, HIV is a deadly virus for our

humans, it is a persistent problem for the countries around the world. Even though we have made a

great improvement in curing HIV, we still have lots of problems need to be resolved. Men sex with

men was regarded as the primary way of HIV transmission. A study was done by Centers for Disease

Control and Prevention shows that gay and bisexual men accounted for 70%(26,200) of all diagnoses

as shown in Fig1. It is easy to figure out that most of the HIV carriers are homosexuals.

Fig. 1. HIV Incidence: Estimated Annual Infections in the U.S., 2008 to 2014, Overall and by Transmission Route.
CDC February 2017,

https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/docs/factsheets/hiv-incidence-fact-sheet_508.pdf
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Works Cited

Tiby, Eva. "Constructions of Homophobic Hate Crimes: Definitions, Decisions, Data." Journal of

Scandinavian Studies in Criminology & Crime Prevention, vol. 8, no. 2, Sept. 2007, pp.

114-137.

http://web.b.ebscohost.com.ezp.pasadena.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1&sid=03c

cf480-48ca-4afc-ab7b-f5695fef340f%40sessionmgr103.

Eva Tiby belongs to Department of Criminology of Stockholm University. In this essay, author

was talking about hate crimes of homosexual. She was telling the discrimination that

homosexuals get, and the relationships of victims with suspects of hate crimes. And school,

home, public areas, entertainment places were the places that hate crimes happened.

Dale, Sannisha, skdale@mgh.harvard.edu, et al. "Discrimination and Hate Crimes in the Context

of Neighborhood Poverty and Stressors among HIV-Positive African-American Men Who

Have Sex with Men." Journal of Community Health, vol. 41, no. 3, June 2016, pp. 574-

583.

http://web.b.ebscohost.com.ezp.pasadena.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1&sid=1a2

caa72-3824-43fe-bc9a-27ab31839535%40sessionmgr120

Sannisha Dale belongs to RAND corporation. In this essay, she claims that men sex with men is

the main transmission of HIV. Most of HIV carriers are African American Men, and it may

caused discrimination in three form.

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Bantley, Kathleen A. "Judicial Activism and Progressive Legislation: A Step Towards Decreasing

Hate Attacks." Albany Law Review, vol. 71, no. 2, May 2008, pp. 545-564. EBSCOhost,

http://web.b.ebscohost.com.ezp.pasadena.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1&sid=de9

7848b-0a57-4519-b647-3ce478d826da%40sessionmgr102

Author is Kathleen A. Bantley, this article is talking about history of homosexuals. Homosexuals

were treated unfairly by people and law enforcement. They did not have same rights as

normal people. They were not protected well by law. Employers could fire them base on

their sexual orientation. They were not eligible to get marry, because constitutional

amendment defined that marriage is only a man with a woman. Crimes caused by sexual

orientation was not recognized as hate crimes.