Metro Economies GMP June 2018

U.S.
MetroEconomies ANNUALGMPREPORT
June2018
Economic Growth and Full Employment Prepared for:

T heUnitedStates
ConferenceofMayors
andTheCouncilon
MetroEconomiesand
theNewAmericanCity
Prepared by:
THE UNITED STATES CONFERENCE OF MAYORS

THEUNITEDSTATES
CONFERENCEOFMAYORS
StephenK.Benjamin
Mayor of Columbia, SC
President
BrianK.Barnett
Mayor of Rochester Hills, MI
Second Vice President
GregFischer
Chair, Council on Metro Economies and the New American City
Mayor of Louisville
TomCochran
CEO and Executive Director
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U.S. Metro Economies ANNUAL GMP REPORT
June 2018
Prepared for:
Economic Growth and Full Employment The United States
Conference of Mayors
and The Council on
Metro Economies and
the New American City
Prepared by:
THE UNITED STATES CONFERENCE OF MAYORS

METROPOLITAN ECONOMIES AND GROSS METRO PRODUCT
In this brief Metro Economies report we illustrate the importance of metropolitan areas to
the US and global economy. That influence, and the contribution of metro economies to US
economic growth increased to record levels again in 2017. It was the fourth consecutive
year of increase.
Metropolitan areas dominated US economic growth in 2017. They were home to 85.9% of
the nation’s population, and their share of total employment increased to 88.0% as metros
added 1.9 million jobs, accounting for 95.9% of all US job gains. The metro shares of US
total personal income, 89.0%, wage income, 91.6%, and of real gross domestic product,
91.2%, each increased in 2017. The metro proportion of GDP is 0.5 percentage points
higher than a decade ago, and 1.5 percentage points higher than two decades ago. Their
share of economic growth in 2017 was even greater – metros contributed 99.5% ($337
billion) of the increase in real GDP.
Combined, the nation’s 10 highest-producing metro economies generated $6.8 trillion in

economic value in 2017, surpassing the output of the sum of 37 US states. Their combined
output exceeds all the nations of the world save China, and is 39% greater than that of
Japan, the 3rd largest economy of the world (see Appendix Tables 2 and 4).
Many US metros have larger economies than states. New York’s gross metropolitan product
(GMP), the largest among metros at $1.66 trillion, exceeds the Gross State Product (GSP) of
Texas, and Los Angeles’s exceeds that of Florida, the fourth ranked state in GSP. In many
states, metro economies account for almost all of the state economy. In California, for
example, the metro share of GSP is 98.9%. In Texas, it is 93.4%; in Florida 98%; and in
New York, 97.5%. In 21 states the metro share of GSP exceeds 90%, and in 32 it exceeds
80%. Only in Montana, North Dakota, Wyoming, and Vermont is the metro contribution to
GSP lower than 50% of the state economy. (Appendix Tables 3 and 5).
The GMP of 38 US metros each surpassed $100 billion in 2017, and we project that Virginia
Beach-Norfolk-Newport News and Salt Lake City will as well in 2019. The $10 billion GMP
mark was surpassed by 209 metros (55%) in 2017, with Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV,
College Station-Bryan, TX and Longview, TX, reaching that level last year. We project that
seven more will do so in 2018. (Appendix Table 1)
Comparing metro economies to the nations of the world provides further evidence of the
importance of US metros as drivers of the global economy. New York’s GMP would rank 10th
among the nations of the world, ahead of Canada and Russia. Twelve of the world’s 50
highest-producing economies are US metropolitan areas. Los Angeles would rank 17th,
ahead of Indonesia, and Chicago’s metropolitan economy ranks 23rd, larger than Argentina.
Dallas, Washington, San Francisco, Houston, Philadelphia, Boston, Atlanta, Seattle, and
Miami all rank among the top 50. Of the largest 100 world economies, 37 are US metros.
1
Our 25th largest metro, Pittsburgh, PA, is larger than Hungary, the 38th largest country.
(Appendix Table 2)
THE US ECONOMY IN 2018

The global economy entered 2018 in the strongest shape it has been in a decade. All
regions were contributing to growth. US economic growth is projected to reach 2.8% in
2018 and 2019, the highest since 2015. IHS Markit expects that generally solid gains in
employment, driven by robust growth in production, will contribute to a further 0.4-
percentage-point decline in the unemployment rate, to 3.5%, by early 2019. This further
tightening in labor (and product) markets contributes to additional firming in both wage and
price inflation.
However, several factors will work to dampen growth over 2019 and 2020. First, solid
demand in oil markets, declining global stocks, and concern about supply has raised oil
prices by roughly $10–12/barrel. This puts upward pressure on projected inflation.
Combined with a recent step-up in reported inflation and faster near-term real growth, this
led us to move forward several Federal Reserve interest rate hikes, which will raise the 10-
year Treasury note yield earlier in our forecast period. Furthermore, equity values are
weaker, while risk spreads and the dollar are higher in this forecast.
Employment gains will begin to slow as the immediate effects of fiscal stimulus from the tax
cut and the budget deal begin to fade, with gains downshifting from around 200,000 per
month to 100,000 per month in the second half of next year. Private sector job gains should
continue to weaken throughout this period to average near 70,000 per month in 2020. The
labor force participation rate was 62.8% in April, a scant 0.3 percentage point below its
expected recovery peak of 63.1%. With baby-boomers aging, participation rates will not
return to their earlier peaks. Those small gaps leave little room between now and judgment
day for labor force growth, when labor force gains are constrained by population growth.
Employment gains must brake sharply when the labor force hits the population wall;
otherwise, people have to work longer hours or the wall must give because participation
rises more than expected. There is an upper limit, though, on how far the labor force
participation rate can flex before demographics become an iron rule. For the near term it is
a battleground between how fast the sub-25-year-old labor force ebbs compared with
increasing participation of over-65-year-olds.
Growth of hourly labor compensation is expected to accelerate because of the further

tightening in labor markets. The rise in the employment cost index is expected to increase
from 2.5% in 2017 to 3.0% in 2018 and 3.5% by 2021.
METRO ECONOMIES IN 2018

Economic growth will continue to be most robust in the South and the West of the US, as
population and labor force growth is fastest there. Home construction is increasing steadily,
and a manufacturing rebirth is benefitting the Midwest.
2
Appendix Tables 6, 7, 8, and 9 detail the expected outcome, for each metro economy, in job
growth, GMP growth, unemployment, and labor force participation. As US unemployment
falls to 3.5% in 2018, 63 metros (19%) will have rates less than 3%, and 195 (51%) will
have unemployment rates under 4%.
Real GMP growth will exceed 3% per year in 72 metros (19%) in 2019-2020, and 2% per
year in 239 (63%). In 2020, 81 metros (21%) will have unemployment rates less than 3%,
and 247 (65%) less than 4%.
FIGURE 1: 2018 EMPLOYMENT GROWTH
Percent
-1.9 to 0.0
0.1 to 0.8
0.9 to 1.5
1.6 to 2.4
2.5 to 5.5
3
FIGURE 2: 2018-2023 EMPLOYMENT GROWTH (AVERAGE ANNUAL)
Percent
-0.4 to 0.0
0.1 to 0.4
0.5 to 0.8
0.9 to 1.3
1.4 to 2.7
THE LABOR FORCE IN THE NEXT DECADES

The growth of the labor force is constrained by the growth rate of population. The
retirement of the baby-boom generation will subtract substantial numbers from the labor
force even as their participation rates exceed that of prior generations. As baby boomers
begin to retire, the share of the US population aged 65 years and over will jump from 16%
in 2017 to 22% by 2048, pushing up outlays for Social Security and Medicare. In addition,
the growth rate of the working-age population will slow more than that of the overall
population. After increasing 0.9% annually over the past 30 years, the population aged 16–
64 years will grow only 0.4% over this time period.
Slower long-run increases in the labor force indicate more moderate long-run employment
growth in the future. Total civilian employment will rise at an average annual rate of 0.7%
from 2018 to 2048. Total establishment employment will rise from 153 million in 2018 to
188 million in 2048. Slow labor force growth will be a drag as well on GDP and GMP growth.
Real GDP growth will average only 2.0% annually over the forecast horizon.
In order to raise our rate of economic growth in this environment we should do everything
we can to expand the productive labor force. If we, over the next half-decade, could raise
our labor force participation rate to its 2000 level, 67%, we would boost GDP growth by
almost one-half a percentage point, from 2.0% to near 2.5% per year. Workforce training
programs for the chronically unemployed or those out of the labor force for lack of skills, or
obsolete skills, can benefit the whole economy. The jobs will be there and policies need to
be implemented to match future availability with required job skills.
4
Appendix Tables
IHS Markit
Table of Contents
GROSS METROPOLITAN PRODUCT
Table 1: Gross Metropolitan Product of U.S. Metro Areas ..................................... 1
Table 2: Gross Product of Countries (GDP) and Metro Areas (GMP) .................... 10
Table 3: Gross Metropolitan Product of U.S. Metro Areas and ............................ 24

Gross State Product of U.S. States
Table 4: The Gross Metropolitan Product of the Top 10 Metro Areas in 2017 ....... 35
Exceeded the Combined Output of the Following 37 States
Table 5: Gross Metropolitan Product as a Share of Gross State Product .............. 36
Table 5b: Gross Metropolitan Product (Division) as a Share of Gross .................... 49

Metropolitan Product (MSA)
Table 6: Employment Growth, 2017 to 2022 Average Annual Rate ..................... 51
Table 7: Real GMP Growth, 2017 to 2022 Average Annual Rate ........................ 60
Table 8: Unemployment Rate ......................................................................... 69
Table 9: Labor Force Participation Rate Percentage ......................................... 78
IHS Markit
Table 1: Gross Metropolitan Product of U.S. Metro Areas
(US$, Billions)
Rank 2017 2016 2017 2018 2019

1 New York‐Newark‐Jersey City, NY‐NJ‐PA 1667.3 1718.2 1788.3 1876.6
2 Los Angeles‐Long Beach‐Anaheim, CA 1008.2 1048.6 1094.1 1152.4
3 Chicago‐Naperville‐Elgin, IL‐IN‐WI 655.7 675.8 703.9 737.3
4 Dallas‐Fort Worth‐Arlington, TX 506.8 541.1 579.3 613.4
5 Washington‐Arlington‐Alexandria, DC‐VA‐MD‐WV 508.6 528.9 555.4 585.9
6 San Francisco‐Oakland‐Hayward, CA 473.6 501.9 529.8 563.3
7 Houston‐The Woodlands‐Sugar Land, TX 474.1 500.8 544.6 580.0
8 Philadelphia‐Camden‐Wilmington, PA‐NJ‐DE‐MD 430.6 447.6 467.8 490.3
9 Boston‐Cambridge‐Newton, MA‐NH 422.7 441.4 461.9 486.3
10 Atlanta‐Sandy Springs‐Roswell, GA 368.8 384.3 402.8 425.7
11 Seattle‐Tacoma‐Bellevue, WA 335.5 357.5 376.1 396.4
12 Miami‐Fort Lauderdale‐West Palm Beach, FL 329.7 340.9 356.6 376.6
13 San Jose‐Sunnyvale‐Santa Clara, CA 254.1 267.7 282.2 298.6
14 Detroit‐Warren‐Dearborn, MI 252.5 263.3 274.2 287.3
15 Minneapolis‐St. Paul‐Bloomington, MN‐WI 249.4 259.5 268.3 282.1
16 Phoenix‐Mesa‐Scottsdale, AZ 231.1 243.7 260.0 277.6
17 San Diego‐Carlsbad, CA 216.7 227.6 239.8 254.4
18 Denver‐Aurora‐Lakewood, CO 198.0 209.4 221.5 233.9
19 Baltimore‐Columbia‐Towson, MD 188.6 195.0 204.4 215.3
20 Charlotte‐Concord‐Gastonia, NC‐SC 163.9 172.3 181.0 192.4
21 Portland‐Vancouver‐Hillsboro, OR‐WA 164.9 171.8 181.4 192.5
22 St. Louis, MO‐IL 158.3 162.1 168.0 175.5
23 Riverside‐San Bernardino‐Ontario, CA 150.0 157.8 166.7 177.2
24 Tampa‐St. Petersburg‐Clearwater, FL 143.2 148.6 156.2 165.6
25 Pittsburgh, PA 138.0 143.8 150.5 157.4
26 Austin‐Round Rock, TX 133.7 142.9 153.3 162.8
27 Indianapolis‐Carmel, IN 136.8 142.9 149.7 158.1
28 Cincinnati, OH‐KY‐IN 131.6 137.6 143.9 151.0
29 Columbus, OH 130.5 137.2 143.9 151.8
30 Cleveland‐Elyria, OH 129.2 133.9 139.9 146.2
31 Orlando‐Kissimmee‐Sanford, FL 127.3 133.6 141.0 149.7
32 Kansas City, MO‐KS 128.9 133.1 138.9 146.3
33 Nashville‐Davidson‐‐Murfreesboro‐‐Franklin, TN 125.5 132.2 139.5 148.2
34 Sacramento‐‐Roseville‐‐Arden‐Arcade, CA 123.0 128.2 135.2 144.1
35 San Antonio‐New Braunfels, TX 115.4 122.3 129.7 136.4
36 Las Vegas‐Henderson‐Paradise, NV 111.6 117.3 124.9 133.2
37 Milwaukee‐Waukesha‐West Allis, WI 102.4 105.5 110.5 115.7
38 Bridgeport‐Stamford‐Norwalk, CT 99.9 101.1 105.8 111.2
39 Virginia Beach‐Norfolk‐Newport News, VA‐NC 92.2 95.1 99.3 104.4
40 Salt Lake City, UT 85.4 89.5 94.3 100.3
41 Hartford‐West Hartford‐East Hartford, CT 87.8 89.3 93.2 97.3
42 Raleigh, NC 79.9 84.0 88.7 94.8
43 Richmond, VA 80.2 82.9 86.8 91.3
44 Providence‐Warwick, RI‐MA 80.2 82.8 86.6 90.6
1
(US$, Billions)
Rank 2017 2016 2017 2018 2019

45 New Orleans‐Metairie, LA 78.0 80.5 84.4 88.1
46 Louisville‐Jefferson County, KY‐IN 74.6 77.5 80.2 84.0
47 Jacksonville, FL 71.7 75.0 79.0 83.7
48 Memphis, TN‐MS‐AR 72.2 73.9 77.1 80.8
49 Oklahoma City, OK 69.7 73.0 77.1 81.1
50 Urban Honolulu, HI 65.5 67.8 70.4 72.7
51 Omaha‐Council Bluffs, NE‐IA 63.2 64.8 67.1 70.2
52 Birmingham‐Hoover, AL 62.6 64.7 67.0 70.0
53 Grand Rapids‐Wyoming, MI 58.4 61.0 63.9 67.2
54 Tulsa, OK 57.8 60.1 63.3 66.2
55 Buffalo‐Cheektowaga‐Niagara Falls, NY 58.5 60.0 62.0 64.5
56 Rochester, NY 55.9 57.0 58.8 61.2
57 Albany‐Schenectady‐Troy, NY 52.8 54.5 56.3 58.8
58 Des Moines‐West Des Moines, IA 52.3 54.4 55.9 58.9
59 Baton Rouge, LA 52.0 53.7 56.3 59.2
60 Oxnard‐Thousand Oaks‐Ventura, CA 48.8 50.9 53.4 56.4
61 Madison, WI 48.1 50.3 52.9 55.9
62 Durham‐Chapel Hill, NC 43.9 45.9 48.3 51.7
63 Albuquerque, NM 43.2 44.8 46.8 48.7
64 Allentown‐Bethlehem‐Easton, PA‐NJ 42.6 44.1 46.1 48.3
65 Worcester, MA‐CT 42.2 43.8 45.7 47.7
66 New Haven‐Milford, CT 43.1 43.7 45.8 47.9
67 Fresno, CA 40.7 42.7 45.1 47.8
68 Greenville‐Mauldin‐Easley, SC 40.9 42.2 43.9 46.1
69 Dayton, OH 40.5 42.0 43.7 45.8
70 Knoxville, TN 40.2 41.9 43.7 46.0
71 Columbia, SC 40.3 41.6 43.2 45.6
72 Greensboro‐High Point, NC 40.0 40.9 42.4 44.3
73 Charleston‐North Charleston, SC 39.0 40.7 42.6 45.2
74 Little Rock‐North Little Rock‐Conway, AR 38.0 39.3 40.6 42.5
75 Tucson, AZ 37.2 38.6 40.7 43.1
76 Akron, OH 37.2 38.3 39.9 41.7
77 Bakersfield, CA 35.4 36.8 39.0 41.5
78 Harrisburg‐Carlisle, PA 35.4 36.8 38.4 40.2
79 Boise City, ID 32.3 34.2 36.0 38.1
80 Toledo, OH 33.1 33.9 35.4 37.0
81 Syracuse, NY 33.0 33.7 34.5 35.9
82 Colorado Springs, CO 31.4 33.0 34.8 36.9
83 Wichita, KS 32.3 32.6 33.8 35.3
84 Trenton, NJ 31.2 32.2 33.6 35.3
85 Portland‐South Portland, ME 30.9 32.2 33.7 35.2
86 North Port‐Sarasota‐Bradenton, FL 29.9 31.1 32.8 34.7
87 Jackson, MS 29.4 30.3 31.6 33.2
88 Lexington‐Fayette, KY 28.8 29.9 31.2 32.7
2
(US$, Billions)
Rank 2017 2016 2017 2018 2019

89 El Paso, TX 28.4 29.8 31.3 32.7
90 Winston‐Salem, NC 28.8 29.4 30.6 32.1
91 Santa Rosa, CA 27.5 29.1 30.4 32.0
92 Lancaster, PA 27.8 29.0 30.4 31.8
93 Anchorage, AK 27.2 28.7 31.2 32.0
94 Cape Coral‐Fort Myers, FL 27.4 28.7 30.2 32.3
95 Fayetteville‐Springdale‐Rogers, AR‐MO 26.9 28.5 30.0 32.1
96 Springfield, MA 27.3 28.3 29.4 30.6
97 Stockton‐Lodi, CA 26.4 27.8 29.4 31.1
98 Manchester‐Nashua, NH 26.8 27.8 29.1 30.5
99 Reno, NV 26.0 27.8 29.8 31.7
100 Midland, TX 24.0 26.9 32.7 35.4
101 Chattanooga, TN‐GA 25.8 26.7 28.0 29.4
102 Ogden‐Clearfield, UT 25.1 26.4 27.7 29.4
103 Santa Maria‐Santa Barbara, CA 25.1 26.3 27.4 28.8
104 Huntsville, AL 24.8 25.9 27.2 28.7
105 Spokane‐Spokane Valley, WA 24.3 25.8 27.1 28.6
106 Boulder, CO 24.0 25.3 26.7 28.1
107 Beaumont‐Port Arthur, TX 24.6 25.2 26.4 27.8
108 Provo‐Orem, UT 23.4 25.0 26.4 28.2
109 Augusta‐Richmond County, GA‐SC 23.7 24.4 25.5 26.8
110 Salinas, CA 22.7 23.8 25.1 26.3
111 Scranton‐‐Wilkes‐Barre‐‐Hazleton, PA 23.0 23.7 24.8 25.9
112 Corpus Christi, TX 22.2 23.1 24.4 26.0
113 Lansing‐East Lansing, MI 22.0 23.0 23.9 25.1
114 Ann Arbor, MI 22.0 22.8 23.7 25.0
115 Fort Wayne, IN 21.1 21.9 22.7 23.8
116 Vallejo‐Fairfield, CA 20.4 21.6 22.7 24.1
117 Lafayette, LA 20.9 21.6 23.0 24.3
118 Palm Bay‐Melbourne‐Titusville, FL 20.5 21.5 22.5 24.0
119 Shreveport‐Bossier City, LA 20.7 21.5 22.6 23.7
120 Lakeland‐Winter Haven, FL 20.2 21.1 22.2 23.5
121 Modesto, CA 19.9 20.9 22.0 23.3
122 Reading, PA 19.9 20.6 21.5 22.5
123 McAllen‐Edinburg‐Mission, TX 19.4 20.5 21.7 22.7
124 Peoria, IL 20.1 20.5 21.3 22.3
125 Lincoln, NE 19.8 20.3 20.9 22.0
126 Youngstown‐Warren‐Boardman, OH‐PA 19.9 20.2 20.7 21.6
127 Davenport‐Moline‐Rock Island, IA‐IL 19.4 19.8 20.5 21.3
128 Sioux Falls, SD 18.9 19.6 20.5 21.6
129 York‐Hanover, PA 18.6 19.3 20.1 21.1
130 Mobile, AL 18.8 19.3 20.1 21.0
131 Green Bay, WI 18.7 19.3 20.2 21.2
132 Springfield, MO 18.4 19.0 19.8 20.7
3
(US$, Billions)
Rank 2017 2016 2017 2018 2019

133 Asheville, NC 18.2 18.8 19.6 20.7
134 Cedar Rapids, IA 18.3 18.6 19.1 19.9
135 Savannah, GA 17.9 18.6 19.1 20.0
136 Salisbury, MD‐DE 17.7 18.3 19.2 20.1
137 Pensacola‐Ferry Pass‐Brent, FL 17.6 18.3 19.1 20.1
138 Lake Charles, LA 16.6 18.1 19.5 20.8
139 Killeen‐Temple, TX 17.5 18.1 18.8 19.9
140 Naples‐Immokalee‐Marco Island, FL 17.3 17.9 18.7 20.0
141 Deltona‐Daytona Beach‐Ormond Beach, FL 17.2 17.9 18.8 19.9
142 Montgomery, AL 17.3 17.8 18.4 19.3
143 Evansville, IN‐KY 17.1 17.8 18.6 19.5
144 Fayetteville, NC 17.3 17.6 18.3 19.2
145 Myrtle Beach‐North Myrtle Beach‐Conway, SC‐NC 16.7 17.6 18.4 19.6
146 Fort Collins, CO 15.9 17.2 18.3 19.5
147 Elkhart‐Goshen, IN 15.7 16.9 18.3 19.2
148 Canton‐Massillon, OH 16.3 16.8 17.5 18.3
149 Salem, OR 16.1 16.7 17.6 18.5
150 Kalamazoo‐Portage, MI 16.2 16.7 17.5 18.4
151 Gulfport‐Biloxi‐Pascagoula, MS 16.5 16.7 17.3 18.1
152 Visalia‐Porterville, CA 15.8 16.7 17.6 18.6
153 Tallahassee, FL 15.8 16.5 17.3 18.3
154 Fargo, ND‐MN 15.8 16.5 17.2 18.1
155 Spartanburg, SC 15.3 16.2 16.9 17.8
156 Eugene, OR 15.4 16.0 16.7 17.5
157 Norwich‐New London, CT 15.5 15.8 16.6 17.4
158 Roanoke, VA 15.2 15.4 16.0 16.7
159 San Luis Obispo‐Paso Robles‐Arroyo Grande, CA 14.4 15.3 16.0 16.8
160 Rockford, IL 14.9 15.1 15.9 16.7
161 Huntington‐Ashland, WV‐KY‐OH 14.3 14.9 15.4 16.0
162 South Bend‐Mishawaka, IN‐MI 14.2 14.8 15.4 16.1
163 Wilmington, NC 14.2 14.7 15.3 16.2
164 Santa Cruz‐Watsonville, CA 13.7 14.4 15.1 15.9
165 Columbus, GA‐AL 13.9 14.3 14.8 15.5
166 Flint, MI 13.8 14.2 14.5 15.1
167 Crestview‐Fort Walton Beach‐Destin, FL 13.7 14.2 15.0 16.0
168 Burlington‐South Burlington, VT 13.7 14.1 14.6 15.3
169 Tyler, TX 13.4 14.1 15.4 16.0
170 Port St. Lucie, FL 13.4 14.0 14.6 15.5
171 Lubbock, TX 13.3 13.9 14.5 15.2
172 Hickory‐Lenoir‐Morganton, NC 13.5 13.9 14.5 15.1
173 Kennewick‐Richland, WA 13.1 13.8 14.4 15.2
174 Charlottesville, VA 12.8 13.4 14.2 15.0
175 Charleston, WV 12.7 13.4 14.0 14.6
176 Amarillo, TX 12.9 13.3 14.1 14.9
4
(US$, Billions)
Rank 2017 2016 2017 2018 2019

177 Gainesville, FL 12.5 13.1 13.8 14.5
178 Atlantic City‐Hammonton, NJ 12.8 13.1 13.6 14.2
179 Duluth, MN‐WI 12.8 13.0 13.5 14.0
180 Appleton, WI 12.6 12.9 13.6 14.3
181 Rochester, MN 12.1 12.5 12.9 13.5
182 Champaign‐Urbana, IL 12.1 12.5 12.9 13.4
183 Olympia‐Tumwater, WA 11.7 12.5 13.1 13.8
184 Waco, TX 11.8 12.3 12.9 13.5
185 Greeley, CO 11.2 12.3 13.7 14.9
186 Kingsport‐Bristol‐Bristol, TN‐VA 11.9 12.1 12.6 13.2
187 Barnstable Town, MA 11.3 11.7 12.1 12.7
188 Bloomington‐Normal, IL 11.3 11.6 12.0 12.6
189 Erie, PA 11.1 11.3 11.7 12.2
190 Tuscaloosa, AL 10.9 11.2 11.8 12.4
191 Napa, CA 10.6 11.2 11.6 12.2
192 Bremerton‐Silverdale, WA 10.8 11.2 11.6 12.3
193 Utica‐Rome, NY 10.7 11.1 11.3 11.7
194 Clarksville, TN‐KY 10.7 10.9 11.5 12.1
195 Bellingham, WA 10.3 10.8 11.3 12.0
196 Topeka, KS 10.6 10.8 11.1 11.5
197 Brownsville‐Harlingen, TX 10.4 10.7 11.2 11.8
198 Oshkosh‐Neenah, WI 10.3 10.7 11.2 11.8
199 Iowa City, IA 10.3 10.6 11.0 11.4
200 Lafayette‐West Lafayette, IN 10.1 10.5 11.0 11.6
201 Billings, MT 10.1 10.4 10.8 11.3
202 St. Cloud, MN 10.1 10.4 10.8 11.4
203 Houma‐Thibodaux, LA 10.1 10.4 11.0 11.7
204 Hagerstown‐Martinsburg, MD‐WV 9.7 10.2 10.6 11.1
205 Springfield, IL 10.0 10.1 10.3 10.7
206 College Station‐Bryan, TX 9.4 10.1 10.9 11.6
207 Fort Smith, AR‐OK 10.0 10.1 10.4 11.0
208 Longview, TX 9.7 10.0 10.8 11.6
209 Bend‐Redmond, OR 9.4 10.0 10.6 11.3
210 Macon‐Bibb County, GA 9.6 9.9 10.1 10.4
211 Sioux City, IA‐NE‐SD 9.9 9.9 10.2 10.7
212 Yakima, WA 9.4 9.8 10.4 10.9
213 Binghamton, NY 9.4 9.8 9.9 10.3
214 Waterloo‐Cedar Falls, IA 9.5 9.7 10.0 10.5
215 Lynchburg, VA 9.4 9.7 10.1 10.5
216 Gainesville, GA 9.0 9.6 10.1 10.6
217 Hilton Head Island‐Bluffton‐Beaufort, SC 9.0 9.5 9.9 10.5
218 Athens‐Clarke County, GA 8.8 9.3 9.7 10.1
219 Odessa, TX 8.6 9.3 10.5 11.3
220 Columbia, MO 8.9 9.2 9.4 9.9
5
(US$, Billions)
Rank 2017 2016 2017 2018 2019

221 Kahului‐Wailuku‐Lahaina, HI 8.6 9.1 9.4 9.8
222 State College, PA 8.7 9.0 9.4 9.8
223 Merced, CA 8.3 8.8 9.4 9.9
224 Ocala, FL 8.4 8.8 9.2 9.8
225 Eau Claire, WI 8.4 8.6 9.0 9.4
226 Panama City, FL 8.3 8.6 9.0 9.5
227 Florence, SC 8.2 8.5 8.7 9.1
228 Laredo, TX 8.0 8.4 9.0 9.5
229 Greenville, NC 8.2 8.4 8.7 9.2
230 Medford, OR 8.0 8.4 8.8 9.3
231 Chico, CA 7.9 8.3 8.7 9.2
232 Bismarck, ND 8.0 8.3 8.6 9.0
233 Saginaw, MI 8.2 8.3 8.5 8.8
234 Racine, WI 8.1 8.3 8.7 9.1
235 Morgantown, WV 7.6 8.2 8.8 9.2
236 Harrisonburg, VA 7.8 8.0 8.4 8.8
237 Wausau, WI 7.8 8.0 8.4 8.9
238 Jacksonville, NC 7.7 8.0 8.2 8.7
239 Monroe, LA 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.2
240 Wheeling, WV‐OH 7.2 7.6 7.8 8.2
241 La Crosse‐Onalaska, WI‐MN 7.3 7.5 7.9 8.3
242 Jefferson City, MO 7.3 7.4 7.6 8.0
243 Dover, DE 7.2 7.4 7.7 8.1
244 Bowling Green, KY 7.1 7.4 7.8 8.2
245 Joplin, MO 7.2 7.4 7.6 8.0
246 Santa Fe, NM 7.1 7.3 7.7 8.0
247 Daphne‐Fairhope‐Foley, AL 7.0 7.3 7.6 8.0
248 Warner Robins, GA 7.0 7.3 7.6 8.0
249 Bloomington, IN 7.0 7.3 7.4 7.8
250 Blacksburg‐Christiansburg‐Radford, VA 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.7
251 Las Cruces, NM 6.9 7.1 7.4 7.8
252 Johnson City, TN 6.8 7.1 7.3 7.6
253 Abilene, TX 6.7 7.0 7.6 8.0
254 Niles‐Benton Harbor, MI 6.7 6.9 7.1 7.5
255 Pittsfield, MA 6.6 6.8 7.0 7.3
256 Rapid City, SD 6.6 6.8 7.1 7.5
257 Janesville‐Beloit, WI 6.5 6.8 7.2 7.5
258 Yuma, AZ 6.4 6.7 7.1 7.5
259 Idaho Falls, ID 6.4 6.7 7.0 7.4
260 California‐Lexington Park, MD 6.4 6.7 7.0 7.4
261 Winchester, VA‐WV 6.3 6.6 7.0 7.4
262 Redding, CA 6.2 6.6 6.9 7.3
263 Wichita Falls, TX 6.1 6.4 7.0 7.3
264 Kingston, NY 6.1 6.4 6.5 6.8
6
(US$, Billions)
Rank 2017 2016 2017 2018 2019

265 Terre Haute, IN 6.3 6.4 6.6 6.9
266 Dalton, GA 6.3 6.4 6.6 6.9
267 Watertown‐Fort Drum, NY 6.3 6.4 6.6 6.8
268 Sheboygan, WI 6.1 6.3 6.7 7.0
269 Elizabethtown, KY 6.2 6.3 6.6 7.0
270 Decatur, IL 6.2 6.3 6.6 6.8
271 Jackson, TN 6.1 6.3 6.6 6.9
272 Mount Vernon‐Anacortes, WA 6.0 6.3 6.6 6.9
273 Jackson, MI 6.1 6.3 6.6 6.9
274 Hattiesburg, MS 6.0 6.2 6.5 6.8
275 East Stroudsburg, PA 6.0 6.2 6.4 6.7
276 Alexandria, LA 6.2 6.2 6.4 6.8
277 Prescott, AZ 5.9 6.2 6.6 7.0
278 Yuba City, CA 5.8 6.1 6.5 6.8
279 Rocky Mount, NC 6.2 6.1 6.2 6.5
280 Bangor, ME 6.0 6.1 6.3 6.5
281 Casper, WY 5.9 6.1 6.6 7.0
282 El Centro, CA 5.8 6.1 6.3 6.7
283 Battle Creek, MI 6.0 6.1 6.3 6.6
284 Flagstaff, AZ 5.8 6.1 6.4 6.8
285 Coeur dÀlene, ID 5.7 6.0 6.3 6.7
286 Farmington, NM 5.7 5.9 6.6 6.8
287 Columbus, IN 5.7 5.9 6.2 6.5
288 Muskegon, MI 5.7 5.9 6.1 6.4
289 Dubuque, IA 5.7 5.9 6.0 6.3
290 Vineland‐Bridgeton, NJ 5.8 5.9 6.1 6.3
291 Sebastian‐Vero Beach, FL 5.6 5.9 6.1 6.5
292 Cheyenne, WY 5.5 5.8 6.0 6.3
293 Fairbanks, AK 5.4 5.8 6.4 6.6
294 Owensboro, KY 5.5 5.8 6.1 6.4
295 Lima, OH 5.5 5.7 5.9 6.2
296 Grand Forks, ND‐MN 5.4 5.6 5.9 6.2
297 Mankato‐North Mankato, MN 5.4 5.6 5.8 6.1
298 St. George, UT 5.2 5.5 5.9 6.4
299 Midland, MI 5.5 5.5 5.7 6.0
300 Altoona, PA 5.4 5.5 5.7 5.9
301 Grand Junction, CO 5.1 5.5 6.0 6.4
302 Decatur, AL 5.3 5.5 5.7 6.0
303 Missoula, MT 5.3 5.5 5.8 6.0
304 Madera, CA 5.2 5.5 5.8 6.2
305 St. Joseph, MO‐KS 5.4 5.5 5.7 5.9
306 Chambersburg‐Waynesboro, PA 5.3 5.5 5.7 5.9
307 Auburn‐Opelika, AL 5.2 5.4 5.7 5.9
308 Jonesboro, AR 5.2 5.4 5.7 6.0
7
(US$, Billions)
Rank 2017 2016 2017 2018 2019

309 Burlington, NC 5.3 5.4 5.6 5.9
310 Ames, IA 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.9
311 Albany, GA 5.2 5.4 5.5 5.7
312 Texarkana, TX‐AR 5.3 5.4 5.6 5.8
313 Ocean City, NJ 5.2 5.4 5.7 5.9
314 Hanford‐Corcoran, CA 5.1 5.4 5.6 5.9
315 Carbondale‐Marion, IL 5.2 5.4 5.5 5.7
316 Ithaca, NY 5.1 5.3 5.5 5.7
317 Dothan, AL 5.1 5.2 5.4 5.7
318 Glens Falls, NY 5.0 5.2 5.3 5.5
319 Lebanon, PA 5.0 5.1 5.3 5.5
320 Pueblo, CO 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.6
321 Logan, UT‐ID 4.9 5.0 5.3 5.6
322 Florence‐Muscle Shoals, AL 4.9 5.0 5.2 5.4
323 Staunton‐Waynesboro, VA 4.9 5.0 5.3 5.5
324 San Angelo, TX 4.8 5.0 5.4 5.7
325 Lawton, OK 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.4
326 New Bern, NC 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.4
327 Valdosta, GA 4.8 5.0 5.2 5.4
328 Fond du Lac, WI 4.8 5.0 5.2 5.5
329 Kokomo, IN 4.7 4.9 5.3 5.6
330 Wenatchee, WA 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.4
331 Corvallis, OR 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.3
332 Williamsport, PA 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.1
333 Monroe, MI 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.2
334 Victoria, TX 4.6 4.7 5.0 5.4
335 Lawrence, KS 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.9
336 Grand Island, NE 4.4 4.5 4.7 4.9
337 Lake Havasu City‐Kingman, AZ 4.3 4.5 4.8 5.1
338 Springfield, OH 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.8
339 Goldsboro, NC 4.4 4.4 4.6 4.8
340 Sherman‐Denison, TX 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.9
341 Mansfield, OH 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.8
342 Cleveland, TN 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.9
343 Kankakee, IL 4.1 4.4 4.6 4.8
344 Morristown, TN 4.2 4.3 4.6 4.8
345 Longview, WA 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.7
346 Brunswick, GA 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.6
347 Punta Gorda, FL 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.8
348 Johnstown, PA 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.6
349 Albany, OR 4.0 4.2 4.5 4.7
350 Cape Girardeau, MO‐IL 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.6
351 Lewiston‐Auburn, ME 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.5
352 Beckley, WV 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.5
8
(US$, Billions)
Rank 2017 2016 2017 2018 2019

353 Weirton‐Steubenville, WV‐OH 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.4
354 Bloomsburg‐Berwick, PA 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.4
355 Hammond, LA 3.8 4.1 4.3 4.5
356 Sierra Vista‐Douglas, AZ 4.0 4.0 4.2 4.4
357 Michigan City‐La Porte, IN 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.3
358 Rome, GA 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.2
359 Parkersburg‐Vienna, WV 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.2
360 Muncie, IN 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.2
361 Anniston‐Oxford‐Jacksonville, AL 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.2
362 Sumter, SC 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.1
363 Manhattan, KS 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9
364 Great Falls, MT 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.9
365 Hinesville, GA 3.5 3.6 3.8 4.0
366 Carson City, NV 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.8
367 Elmira, NY 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6
368 Gettysburg, PA 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.7
369 Cumberland, MD‐WV 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.7
370 Bay City, MI 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5
371 Hot Springs, AR 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.4
372 Homosassa Springs, FL 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.4
373 Walla Walla, WA 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.3
374 Gadsden, AL 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2
375 Pine Bluff, AR 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.1
376 Pocatello, ID 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.1
377 Danville, IL 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.0
378 The Villages, FL 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.1
379 Lewiston, ID‐WA 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7
380 Grants Pass, OR 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7
381 Sebring, FL 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.3
9
Table 2: Gross Product of Countries (GDP) and Metro Areas (GMP)
(US$, Billions)
Rank Country or Metro Area 2017

1 United States 19,390.6
2 China 12,216.7
3 Japan 4,872.0
4 Germany 3,668.9
5 United Kingdom 2,623.5
6 India 2,594.0
7 France 2,581.3
8 Brazil 2,056.0
9 Italy 1,937.0
10 New York‐Newark‐Jersey City, NY‐NJ‐PA 1,718.2
11 Canada 1,652.2
12 Russia 1,576.7
13 South Korea 1,529.2
14 Australia 1,378.7
15 Spain 1,311.4
16 Mexico 1,151.0
17 Los Angeles‐Long Beach‐Anaheim, CA 1,048.6
18 Indonesia 1,015.4
19 Turkey 848.2
20 Netherlands 826.7
21 Saudi Arabia 683.8
22 Switzerland 678.4
23 Chicago‐Naperville‐Elgin, IL‐IN‐WI 675.8
24 Argentina 637.6
25 Taiwan 572.8
26 Dallas‐Fort Worth‐Arlington, TX 541.1
27 Sweden 538.7
28 Washington‐Arlington‐Alexandria, DC‐VA‐MD‐WV 528.9
29 Poland 524.1
30 San Francisco‐Oakland‐Hayward, CA 501.9
31 Houston‐The Woodlands‐Sugar Land, TX 500.8
32 Belgium 492.7
33 Thailand 455.3
34 Philadelphia‐Camden‐Wilmington, PA‐NJ‐DE‐MD 447.6
35 Boston‐Cambridge‐Newton, MA‐NH 441.4
36 Iran 431.2
37 Austria 417.1
38 Norway 396.6
39 United Arab Emirates 395.4
40 Atlanta‐Sandy Springs‐Roswell, GA 384.3
41 Nigeria 376.4
42 Seattle‐Tacoma‐Bellevue, WA 357.5
43 Israel 350.7
10
(US$, Billions)

44 South Africa 349.2
45 Hong Kong 341.5
46 Miami‐Fort Lauderdale‐West Palm Beach, FL 340.9
47 Ireland 333.4
48 Denmark 325.0
49 Singapore 323.9
50 Malaysia 314.6
51 Philippines 313.3
52 Colombia 309.2
53 Pakistan 302.1
54 Chile 277.0
55 San Jose‐Sunnyvale‐Santa Clara, CA 267.7
56 Detroit‐Warren‐Dearborn, MI 263.3
57 Minneapolis‐St. Paul‐Bloomington, MN‐WI 259.5
58 Finland 251.9
59 Phoenix‐Mesa‐Scottsdale, AZ 243.7
60 Bangladesh 243.5
61 San Diego‐Carlsbad, CA 227.6
62 Vietnam 221.2
63 Portugal 217.6
64 Czech Republic 216.5
65 Peru 215.2
66 Romania 210.9
67 Denver‐Aurora‐Lakewood, CO 209.4
68 New Zealand 201.4
69 Greece 199.7
70 Baltimore‐Columbia‐Towson, MD 195.0
71 Egypt 194.5
72 Iraq 175.6
73 Charlotte‐Concord‐Gastonia, NC‐SC 172.3
74 Portland‐Vancouver‐Hillsboro, OR‐WA 171.8
75 Algeria 169.1
76 Venezuela 169.0
77 Qatar 167.6
78 St. Louis, MO‐IL 162.1
79 Kazakhstan 161.5
80 Riverside‐San Bernardino‐Ontario, CA 157.8
81 Tampa‐St. Petersburg‐Clearwater, FL 148.6
82 Angola 148.0
83 Pittsburgh, PA 143.8
84 Austin‐Round Rock, TX 142.9
85 Indianapolis‐Carmel, IN 142.9
11
(US$, Billions)

86 Hungary 139.0
87 Cincinnati, OH‐KY‐IN 137.6
88 Columbus, OH 137.2
89 Cleveland‐Elyria, OH 133.9
90 Orlando‐Kissimmee‐Sanford, FL 133.6
91 Kansas City, MO‐KS 133.1
92 Nashville‐Davidson‐‐Murfreesboro‐‐Franklin, TN 132.2
93 Sacramento‐‐Roseville‐‐Arden‐Arcade, CA 128.2
94 San Antonio‐New Braunfels, TX 122.3
95 Kuwait 122.0
96 Las Vegas‐Henderson‐Paradise, NV 117.3
97 Ukraine 112.1
98 Morocco 110.8
99 Sudan 109.8
100 Milwaukee‐Waukesha‐West Allis, WI 105.5
101 Ecuador 103.1
102 Puerto Rico 102.0
103 Bridgeport‐Stamford‐Norwalk, CT 101.1
104 Slovakia 95.8
105 Virginia Beach‐Norfolk‐Newport News, VA‐NC 95.1
106 Cuba 92.0
107 Salt Lake City, UT 89.5
108 Hartford‐West Hartford‐East Hartford, CT 89.3
109 Sri Lanka 86.7
110 Raleigh, NC 84.0
111 Richmond, VA 82.9
112 Providence‐Warwick, RI‐MA 82.8
113 New Orleans‐Metairie, LA 80.5
114 Ethiopia 79.2
115 Louisville‐Jefferson County, KY‐IN 77.5
116 Kenya 76.6
117 Dominican Republic 76.0
118 Oman 75.8
119 Guatemala 75.6
120 Jacksonville, FL 75.0
121 Memphis, TN‐MS‐AR 73.9
122 Oklahoma City, OK 73.0
123 Urban Honolulu, HI 67.8
124 Myanmar 66.4
125 Omaha‐Council Bluffs, NE‐IA 64.8
126 Birmingham‐Hoover, AL 64.7
127 Luxembourg 62.4
12
(US$, Billions)

128 Panama 61.8
129 Grand Rapids‐Wyoming, MI 61.0
130 Tulsa, OK 60.1
131 Buffalo‐Cheektowaga‐Niagara Falls, NY 60.0
132 Uruguay 59.2
133 Costa Rica 58.0
134 Rochester, NY 57.0
135 Bulgaria 56.7
136 Croatia 54.8
137 Albany‐Schenectady‐Troy, NY 54.5
138 Des Moines‐West Des Moines, IA 54.4
139 Baton Rouge, LA 53.7
140 Belarus 51.9
141 Tanzania 51.5
142 Oxnard‐Thousand Oaks‐Ventura, CA 50.9
143 Madison, WI 50.3
144 Macau 49.7
145 Slovenia 48.9
146 Uzbekistan 48.6
147 Lebanon 47.8
148 Lithuania 47.2
149 Ghana 46.2
150 Durham‐Chapel Hill, NC 45.9
151 Albuquerque, NM 44.8
152 Allentown‐Bethlehem‐Easton, PA‐NJ 44.1
153 Worcester, MA‐CT 43.8
154 New Haven‐Milford, CT 43.7
155 Fresno, CA 42.7
156 Greenville‐Mauldin‐Easley, SC 42.2
157 Dayton, OH 42.0
158 Knoxville, TN 41.9
159 Columbia, SC 41.6
160 Cote d Ivoire 41.4
161 Serbia 41.4
162 Greensboro‐High Point, NC 40.9
163 Charleston‐North Charleston, SC 40.7
164 Jordan 40.2
165 Tunisia 39.9
166 Turkmenistan 39.5
167 Little Rock‐North Little Rock‐Conway, AR 39.3
168 Tucson, AZ 38.6
169 Democratic Republic of Congo 38.4
13
(US$, Billions)

170 Akron, OH 38.3
171 Azerbaijan 37.6
172 Bolivia 37.2
173 Bakersfield, CA 36.8
174 Harrisburg‐Carlisle, PA 36.8
175 Cameroon 35.5
176 Bahrain 34.9
177 Boise City, ID 34.2
178 Toledo, OH 33.9
179 Syracuse, NY 33.7
180 Colorado Springs, CO 33.0
181 Wichita, KS 32.6
182 Trenton, NJ 32.2
183 Portland‐South Portland, ME 32.2
184 North Port‐Sarasota‐Bradenton, FL 31.1
185 North Korea 30.5
186 Jackson, MS 30.3
187 Latvia 30.2
188 Libya 30.1
189 Lexington‐Fayette, KY 29.9
190 Paraguay 29.9
191 El Paso, TX 29.8
192 Winston‐Salem, NC 29.4
193 Santa Rosa, CA 29.1
194 Lancaster, PA 29.0
195 Uganda 28.7
196 Anchorage, AK 28.7
197 Cape Coral‐Fort Myers, FL 28.7
198 Fayetteville‐Springdale‐Rogers, AR‐MO 28.5
199 Springfield, MA 28.3
200 Stockton‐Lodi, CA 27.8
201 Manchester‐Nashua, NH 27.8
202 Reno, NV 27.8
203 El Salvador 27.7
204 Midland, TX 26.9
205 Chattanooga, TN‐GA 26.7
206 Syria 26.5
207 Ogden‐Clearfield, UT 26.4
208 Santa Maria‐Santa Barbara, CA 26.3
209 Huntsville, AL 25.9
210 Estonia 25.9
211 Zambia 25.8
14
(US$, Billions)

212 Spokane‐Spokane Valley, WA 25.8
213 Boulder, CO 25.3
214 Beaumont‐Port Arthur, TX 25.2
215 Provo‐Orem, UT 25.0
216 Augusta‐Richmond County, GA‐SC 24.4
217 Nepal 24.3
218 Iceland 24.0
219 Reunion 24.0
220 Trinidad and Tobago 23.8
221 Salinas, CA 23.8
222 Scranton‐‐Wilkes‐Barre‐‐Hazleton, PA 23.7
223 Corpus Christi, TX 23.1
224 Lansing‐East Lansing, MI 23.0
225 Ann Arbor, MI 22.8
226 Honduras 22.7
227 Yemen 22.7
228 Cambodia 22.1
229 Fort Wayne, IN 21.9
230 Afghanistan 21.8
231 Cyprus 21.7
232 Vallejo‐Fairfield, CA 21.6
233 Lafayette, LA 21.6
234 Palm Bay‐Melbourne‐Titusville, FL 21.5
235 Shreveport‐Bossier City, LA 21.5
236 Lakeland‐Winter Haven, FL 21.1
237 Modesto, CA 20.9
238 Reading, PA 20.6
239 McAllen‐Edinburg‐Mission, TX 20.5
240 Peoria, IL 20.5
241 Lincoln, NE 20.3
242 Papua New Guinea 20.2
243 Youngstown‐Warren‐Boardman, OH‐PA 20.2
244 Davenport‐Moline‐Rock Island, IA‐IL 19.8
245 Sioux Falls, SD 19.6
246 York‐Hanover, PA 19.3
247 Mobile, AL 19.3
248 Green Bay, WI 19.3
249 Springfield, MO 19.0
250 Asheville, NC 18.8
251 Cedar Rapids, IA 18.6
252 Savannah, GA 18.6
253 Bosnia and Herzegovina 18.4
15
(US$, Billions)

254 Salisbury, MD‐DE 18.3
255 Pensacola‐Ferry Pass‐Brent, FL 18.3
256 Lake Charles, LA 18.1
257 Killeen‐Temple, TX 18.1
258 Naples‐Immokalee‐Marco Island, FL 17.9
259 Deltona‐Daytona Beach‐Ormond Beach, FL 17.9
260 Montgomery, AL 17.8
261 Evansville, IN‐KY 17.8
262 Botswana 17.7
263 Fayetteville, NC 17.6
264 Myrtle Beach‐North Myrtle Beach‐Conway, SC‐NC 17.6
265 Fort Collins, CO 17.2
266 Elkhart‐Goshen, IN 16.9
267 Canton‐Massillon, OH 16.8
268 Salem, OR 16.7
269 Kalamazoo‐Portage, MI 16.7
270 Gulfport‐Biloxi‐Pascagoula, MS 16.7
271 Visalia‐Porterville, CA 16.7
272 Laos 16.6
273 Zimbabwe 16.5
274 Tallahassee, FL 16.5
275 Fargo, ND‐MN 16.5
276 Spartanburg, SC 16.2
277 Eugene, OR 16.0
278 Senegal 16.0
279 Norwich‐New London, CT 15.8
280 Roanoke, VA 15.4
281 San Luis Obispo‐Paso Robles‐Arroyo Grande, CA 15.3
282 Rockford, IL 15.1
283 Huntington‐Ashland, WV‐KY‐OH 14.9
284 Palestinian Authority 14.8
285 South Bend‐Mishawaka, IN‐MI 14.8
286 Wilmington, NC 14.7
287 Gabon 14.6
288 Georgia 14.6
289 Santa Cruz‐Watsonville, CA 14.4
290 Jamaica 14.4
291 Columbus, GA‐AL 14.3
292 Flint, MI 14.2
293 Crestview‐Fort Walton Beach‐Destin, FL 14.2
294 Burlington‐South Burlington, VT 14.1
295 Tyler, TX 14.1
16
(US$, Billions)

296 Port St. Lucie, FL 14.0
297 Lubbock, TX 13.9
298 Hickory‐Lenoir‐Morganton, NC 13.9
299 Kennewick‐Richland, WA 13.8
300 Nicaragua 13.7
301 Charlottesville, VA 13.4
302 Mauritius 13.4
303 Charleston, WV 13.4
304 Amarillo, TX 13.3
305 Namibia 13.2
306 Gainesville, FL 13.1
307 Mozambique 13.1
308 Albania 13.1
309 Atlantic City‐Hammonton, NJ 13.1
310 Duluth, MN‐WI 13.0
311 Appleton, WI 12.9
312 Burkina Faso 12.8
313 Madagascar 12.8
314 Malta 12.5
315 Rochester, MN 12.5
316 Champaign‐Urbana, IL 12.5
317 Olympia‐Tumwater, WA 12.5
318 Waco, TX 12.3
319 Mali 12.3
320 Greeley, CO 12.3
321 Armenia 12.2
322 Kingsport‐Bristol‐Bristol, TN‐VA 12.1
323 Bahamas 11.9
324 Barnstable Town, MA 11.7
325 Bloomington‐Normal, IL 11.6
326 Erie, PA 11.3
327 Tuscaloosa, AL 11.2
328 Napa, CA 11.2
329 Brunei 11.2
330 Bremerton‐Silverdale, WA 11.2
331 Utica‐Rome, NY 11.1
332 Macedonia 11.1
333 Mongolia 11.1
334 Clarksville, TN‐KY 10.9
335 Equatorial Guinea 10.9
336 Bellingham, WA 10.8
337 Topeka, KS 10.8
17
(US$, Billions)

338 Brownsville‐Harlingen, TX 10.7
339 Martinique 10.7
340 Oshkosh‐Neenah, WI 10.7
341 Iowa City, IA 10.6
342 Lafayette‐West Lafayette, IN 10.5
343 Billings, MT 10.4
344 St. Cloud, MN 10.4
345 Houma‐Thibodaux, LA 10.4
346 Hagerstown‐Martinsburg, MD‐WV 10.2
347 Springfield, IL 10.1
348 College Station‐Bryan, TX 10.1
349 Fort Smith, AR‐OK 10.1
350 Longview, TX 10.0
351 Bend‐Redmond, OR 10.0
352 Macon‐Bibb County, GA 9.9
353 Sioux City, IA‐NE‐SD 9.9
354 Benin 9.8
355 Chad 9.8
356 Yakima, WA 9.8
357 Binghamton, NY 9.8
358 Waterloo‐Cedar Falls, IA 9.7
359 Lynchburg, VA 9.7
360 Gainesville, GA 9.6
361 Hilton Head Island‐Bluffton‐Beaufort, SC 9.5
362 Athens‐Clarke County, GA 9.3
363 Odessa, TX 9.3
364 Columbia, MO 9.2
365 Kahului‐Wailuku‐Lahaina, HI 9.1
366 Guinea 9.0
367 State College, PA 9.0
368 Merced, CA 8.8
369 Ocala, FL 8.8
370 Congo 8.7
371 Rwanda 8.7
372 Eau Claire, WI 8.6
373 Panama City, FL 8.6
374 Florence, SC 8.5
375 Laredo, TX 8.4
376 Greenville, NC 8.4
377 Haiti 8.4
378 Medford, OR 8.4
379 Chico, CA 8.3
18
(US$, Billions)

380 Niger 8.3
381 Bismarck, ND 8.3
382 Saginaw, MI 8.3
383 Racine, WI 8.3
384 Morgantown, WV 8.2
385 Moldova 8.1
386 Harrisonburg, VA 8.0
387 Wausau, WI 8.0
388 Jacksonville, NC 8.0
389 Monroe, LA 7.6
390 Wheeling, WV‐OH 7.6
391 La Crosse‐Onalaska, WI‐MN 7.5
392 Jefferson City, MO 7.4
393 Dover, DE 7.4
394 Bowling Green, KY 7.4
395 Joplin, MO 7.4
396 Santa Fe, NM 7.3
397 Daphne‐Fairhope‐Foley, AL 7.3
398 Warner Robins, GA 7.3
399 Bloomington, IN 7.3
400 Kyrgyzstan 7.2
401 Blacksburg‐Christiansburg‐Radford, VA 7.2
402 Las Cruces, NM 7.1
403 Kosovo 7.1
404 Tajikistan 7.1
405 Johnson City, TN 7.1
406 Abilene, TX 7.0
407 Niles‐Benton Harbor, MI 6.9
408 Pittsfield, MA 6.8
409 Rapid City, SD 6.8
410 Janesville‐Beloit, WI 6.8
411 Yuma, AZ 6.7
412 Idaho Falls, ID 6.7
413 California‐Lexington Park, MD 6.7
414 Winchester, VA‐WV 6.6
415 Redding, CA 6.6
416 Wichita Falls, TX 6.4
417 Kingston, NY 6.4
418 Terre Haute, IN 6.4
419 Bermuda 6.4
420 Liechtenstein 6.4
421 Dalton, GA 6.4
19
(US$, Billions)

422 Watertown‐Fort Drum, NY 6.4
423 Sheboygan, WI 6.3
424 Elizabethtown, KY 6.3
425 Decatur, IL 6.3
426 Jackson, TN 6.3
427 Mount Vernon‐Anacortes, WA 6.3
428 Jackson, MI 6.3
429 Hattiesburg, MS 6.2
430 East Stroudsburg, PA 6.2
431 Alexandria, LA 6.2
432 Prescott, AZ 6.2
433 Yuba City, CA 6.1
434 Rocky Mount, NC 6.1
435 Bangor, ME 6.1
436 Casper, WY 6.1
437 El Centro, CA 6.1
438 Battle Creek, MI 6.1
439 Flagstaff, AZ 6.1
440 Coeur dÀlene, ID 6.0
441 Malawi 6.0
442 Farmington, NM 5.9
443 Columbus, IN 5.9
444 Eritrea 5.9
445 Guam 5.9
446 Muskegon, MI 5.9
447 Dubuque, IA 5.9
448 Vineland‐Bridgeton, NJ 5.9
449 Sebastian‐Vero Beach, FL 5.9
450 Cheyenne, WY 5.8
451 Fairbanks, AK 5.8
452 Owensboro, KY 5.8
453 Lima, OH 5.7
454 Grand Forks, ND‐MN 5.6
455 Mankato‐North Mankato, MN 5.6
456 St. George, UT 5.5
457 Midland, MI 5.5
458 Altoona, PA 5.5
459 Grand Junction, CO 5.5
460 Decatur, AL 5.5
461 Mauritania 5.5
462 Missoula, MT 5.5
463 Madera, CA 5.5
20
(US$, Billions)

464 St. Joseph, MO‐KS 5.5
465 Chambersburg‐Waynesboro, PA 5.5
466 Auburn‐Opelika, AL 5.4
467 Jonesboro, AR 5.4
468 Burlington, NC 5.4
469 Ames, IA 5.4
470 Albany, GA 5.4
471 Texarkana, TX‐AR 5.4
472 Ocean City, NJ 5.4
473 Hanford‐Corcoran, CA 5.4
474 Carbondale‐Marion, IL 5.4
475 Ithaca, NY 5.3
476 Dothan, AL 5.2
477 Glens Falls, NY 5.2
478 Lebanon, PA 5.1
479 Pueblo, CO 5.1
480 Logan, UT‐ID 5.0
481 Florence‐Muscle Shoals, AL 5.0
482 Staunton‐Waynesboro, VA 5.0
483 San Angelo, TX 5.0
484 Lawton, OK 5.0
485 New Bern, NC 5.0
486 Fiji 5.0
487 Maldives 5.0
488 Valdosta, GA 5.0
489 Fond du Lac, WI 5.0
490 Kokomo, IN 4.9
491 Wenatchee, WA 4.9
492 Montenegro 4.8
493 Corvallis, OR 4.8
494 Williamsport, PA 4.8
495 Monroe, MI 4.8
496 Barbados 4.7
497 Swaziland 4.7
498 Victoria, TX 4.7
499 French Guiana 4.6
500 Togo 4.6
501 Lawrence, KS 4.6
502 Grand Island, NE 4.5
503 Lake Havasu City‐Kingman, AZ 4.5
504 Springfield, OH 4.5
505 Goldsboro, NC 4.4
21
(US$, Billions)

506 Sherman‐Denison, TX 4.4
507 Mansfield, OH 4.4
508 Cleveland, TN 4.4
509 Kankakee, IL 4.4
510 Morristown, TN 4.3
511 Longview, WA 4.3
512 Brunswick, GA 4.3
513 Punta Gorda, FL 4.3
514 Johnstown, PA 4.3
515 Albany, OR 4.2
516 Cape Girardeau, MO‐IL 4.2
517 Lewiston‐Auburn, ME 4.2
518 Beckley, WV 4.2
519 Weirton‐Steubenville, WV‐OH 4.1
520 Bloomsburg‐Berwick, PA 4.1
521 Hammond, LA 4.1
522 Sierra Vista‐Douglas, AZ 4.0
523 Michigan City‐La Porte, IN 4.0
524 Rome, GA 4.0
525 Parkersburg‐Vienna, WV 4.0
526 Muncie, IN 3.9
527 Anniston‐Oxford‐Jacksonville, AL 3.9
528 Sumter, SC 3.8
529 US Virgin Islands 3.8
530 Cayman Islands 3.7
531 Sierra Leone 3.7
532 Manhattan, KS 3.7
533 Great Falls, MT 3.6
534 Hinesville, GA 3.6
535 Carson City, NV 3.5
536 Elmira, NY 3.4
537 Gettysburg, PA 3.4
538 Cumberland, MD‐WV 3.4
539 Bay City, MI 3.3
540 Andorra 3.2
541 Guyana 3.2
542 Hot Springs, AR 3.1
543 Liberia 3.1
544 Homosassa Springs, FL 3.0
545 Walla Walla, WA 3.0
546 Burundi 3.0
547 Gadsden, AL 3.0
22
(US$, Billions)

548 Pine Bluff, AR 2.9
549 Pocatello, ID 2.8
550 Danville, IL 2.8
551 The Villages, FL 2.7
552 Aruba 2.7
553 Lesotho 2.7
554 Suriname 2.7
555 Bhutan 2.5
556 Lewiston, ID‐WA 2.5
557 Grants Pass, OR 2.5
558 Central African Republic 2.1
559 Djibouti 2.1
560 Sebring, FL 2.1
561 Belize 1.9
562 Cape Verde 1.8
563 St Lucia 1.7
564 East Timor 1.6
565 Antigua and Barbuda 1.5
566 Seychelles 1.5
567 Somalia 1.4
568 Guinea‐Bissau 1.3
569 Solomon Islands 1.3
570 Comoros 1.2
571 Grenada 1.1
572 Gambia 1.0
573 St Kitts and Nevis 0.9
574 Samoa 0.9
575 Vanuatu 0.9
576 St Vincent and the Grenadines 0.8
577 American Samoa 0.7
578 Dominica 0.6
579 Anguilla 0.4
580 Sao Tome and Principe 0.4
581 Tonga 0.4
582 Micronesia 0.3
583 Kiribati 0.2
584 Tuvalu 0.0
23
and Gross State Product of U.S. States
(US$, Billions)
Rank State or Metro Area 2017

1 California 2736.7
2 New York‐Newark‐Jersey City, NY‐NJ‐PA 1718.2
3 Texas 1697.1
4 New York 1551.6
5 Los Angeles‐Long Beach‐Anaheim, CA 1048.6
6 Florida 971.0
7 Illinois 818.0
8 Pennsylvania 746.4
9 Chicago‐Naperville‐Elgin, IL‐IN‐WI 675.8
10 Ohio 651.9
11 New Jersey 589.6
12 Georgia 554.5
13 North Carolina 542.9
14 Dallas‐Fort Worth‐Arlington, TX 541.1
15 Washington‐Arlington‐Alexandria, DC‐VA‐MD‐WV 528.9
16 Massachusetts 527.3
17 Michigan 513.7
18 Virginia 511.4
19 Washington 503.5
20 San Francisco‐Oakland‐Hayward, CA 501.9
21 Houston‐The Woodlands‐Sugar Land, TX 500.8
22 Philadelphia‐Camden‐Wilmington, PA‐NJ‐DE‐MD 447.6
23 Boston‐Cambridge‐Newton, MA‐NH 441.4
24 Maryland 395.4
25 Atlanta‐Sandy Springs‐Roswell, GA 384.3
26 Indiana 359.8
27 Seattle‐Tacoma‐Bellevue, WA 357.5
28 Minnesota 354.3
29 Tennessee 344.6
30 Colorado 341.1
31 Miami‐Fort Lauderdale‐West Palm Beach, FL 340.9
32 Wisconsin 324.2
33 Arizona 319.9
34 Missouri 307.2
35 San Jose‐Sunnyvale‐Santa Clara, CA 267.7
36 Detroit‐Warren‐Dearborn, MI 263.3
37 Connecticut 262.2
38 Minneapolis‐St. Paul‐Bloomington, MN‐WI 259.5
39 Phoenix‐Mesa‐Scottsdale, AZ 243.7
40 Louisiana 243.7
41 Oregon 237.9
42 San Diego‐Carlsbad, CA 227.6
24
(US$, Billions)

43 South Carolina 219.1
44 Alabama 215.0
45 Denver‐Aurora‐Lakewood, CO 209.4
46 Kentucky 204.3
47 Baltimore‐Columbia‐Towson, MD 195.0
48 Oklahoma 190.6
49 Iowa 189.4
50 Charlotte‐Concord‐Gastonia, NC‐SC 172.3
51 Portland‐Vancouver‐Hillsboro, OR‐WA 171.8
52 Utah 166.3
53 St. Louis, MO‐IL 162.1
54 Riverside‐San Bernardino‐Ontario, CA 157.8
55 Nevada 152.9
56 Kansas 152.6
57 Tampa‐St. Petersburg‐Clearwater, FL 148.6
58 Pittsburgh, PA 143.8
59 Austin‐Round Rock, TX 142.9
60 Indianapolis‐Carmel, IN 142.9
61 Cincinnati, OH‐KY‐IN 137.6
62 Columbus, OH 137.2
63 Cleveland‐Elyria, OH 133.9
64 Orlando‐Kissimmee‐Sanford, FL 133.6
65 Kansas City, MO‐KS 133.1
66 Nashville‐Davidson‐‐Murfreesboro‐‐Franklin, TN 132.2
67 District of Columbia 131.6
68 Sacramento‐‐Roseville‐‐Arden‐Arcade, CA 128.2
69 Arkansas 127.2
70 San Antonio‐New Braunfels, TX 122.3
71 Nebraska 119.6
72 Las Vegas‐Henderson‐Paradise, NV 117.3
73 Mississippi 112.3
74 Milwaukee‐Waukesha‐West Allis, WI 105.5
75 Bridgeport‐Stamford‐Norwalk, CT 101.1
76 New Mexico 98.5
77 Virginia Beach‐Norfolk‐Newport News, VA‐NC 95.1
78 Salt Lake City, UT 89.5
79 Hartford‐West Hartford‐East Hartford, CT 89.3
80 Hawaii 87.7
81 Raleigh, NC 84.0
82 Richmond, VA 82.9
83 Providence‐Warwick, RI‐MA 82.8
25
(US$, Billions)

84 New Orleans‐Metairie, LA 80.5
85 New Hampshire 79.6
86 Louisville‐Jefferson County, KY‐IN 77.5
87 West Virginia 77.3
88 Delaware 75.1
89 Jacksonville, FL 75.0
90 Memphis, TN‐MS‐AR 73.9
91 Oklahoma City, OK 73.0
92 Idaho 71.9
93 Urban Honolulu, HI 67.8
94 Omaha‐Council Bluffs, NE‐IA 64.8
95 Birmingham‐Hoover, AL 64.7
96 Maine 61.4
97 Grand Rapids‐Wyoming, MI 61.0
98 Tulsa, OK 60.1
99 Buffalo‐Cheektowaga‐Niagara Falls, NY 60.0
100 Rhode Island 59.3
101 Rochester, NY 57.0
102 North Dakota 55.4
103 Albany‐Schenectady‐Troy, NY 54.5
104 Des Moines‐West Des Moines, IA 54.4
105 Baton Rouge, LA 53.7
106 Alaska 52.1
107 Oxnard‐Thousand Oaks‐Ventura, CA 50.9
108 Madison, WI 50.3
109 South Dakota 48.8
110 Montana 47.7
111 Durham‐Chapel Hill, NC 45.9
112 Albuquerque, NM 44.8
113 Allentown‐Bethlehem‐Easton, PA‐NJ 44.1
114 Worcester, MA‐CT 43.8
115 New Haven‐Milford, CT 43.7
116 Fresno, CA 42.7
117 Greenville‐Mauldin‐Easley, SC 42.2
118 Dayton, OH 42.0
119 Knoxville, TN 41.9
120 Columbia, SC 41.6
121 Wyoming 41.3
122 Greensboro‐High Point, NC 40.9
123 Charleston‐North Charleston, SC 40.7
124 Little Rock‐North Little Rock‐Conway, AR 39.3
26
(US$, Billions)

125 Tucson, AZ 38.6
126 Akron, OH 38.3
127 Bakersfield, CA 36.8
128 Harrisburg‐Carlisle, PA 36.8
129 Boise City, ID 34.2
130 Toledo, OH 33.9
131 Syracuse, NY 33.7
132 Colorado Springs, CO 33.0
133 Wichita, KS 32.6
134 Trenton, NJ 32.2
135 Portland‐South Portland, ME 32.2
136 Vermont 32.1
137 North Port‐Sarasota‐Bradenton, FL 31.1
138 Jackson, MS 30.3
139 Lexington‐Fayette, KY 29.9
140 El Paso, TX 29.8
141 Winston‐Salem, NC 29.4
142 Santa Rosa, CA 29.1
143 Lancaster, PA 29.0
144 Anchorage, AK 28.7
145 Cape Coral‐Fort Myers, FL 28.7
146 Fayetteville‐Springdale‐Rogers, AR‐MO 28.5
147 Springfield, MA 28.3
148 Stockton‐Lodi, CA 27.8
149 Manchester‐Nashua, NH 27.8
150 Reno, NV 27.8
151 Midland, TX 26.9
152 Chattanooga, TN‐GA 26.7
153 Ogden‐Clearfield, UT 26.4
154 Santa Maria‐Santa Barbara, CA 26.3
155 Huntsville, AL 25.9
156 Spokane‐Spokane Valley, WA 25.8
157 Boulder, CO 25.3
158 Beaumont‐Port Arthur, TX 25.2
159 Provo‐Orem, UT 25.0
160 Augusta‐Richmond County, GA‐SC 24.4
161 Salinas, CA 23.8
162 Scranton‐‐Wilkes‐Barre‐‐Hazleton, PA 23.7
163 Corpus Christi, TX 23.1
164 Lansing‐East Lansing, MI 23.0
165 Ann Arbor, MI 22.8
27
(US$, Billions)

166 Fort Wayne, IN 21.9
167 Vallejo‐Fairfield, CA 21.6
168 Lafayette, LA 21.6
169 Palm Bay‐Melbourne‐Titusville, FL 21.5
170 Shreveport‐Bossier City, LA 21.5
171 Lakeland‐Winter Haven, FL 21.1
172 Modesto, CA 20.9
173 Reading, PA 20.6
174 McAllen‐Edinburg‐Mission, TX 20.5
175 Peoria, IL 20.5
176 Lincoln, NE 20.3
177 Youngstown‐Warren‐Boardman, OH‐PA 20.2
178 Davenport‐Moline‐Rock Island, IA‐IL 19.8
179 Sioux Falls, SD 19.6
180 York‐Hanover, PA 19.3
181 Mobile, AL 19.3
182 Green Bay, WI 19.3
183 Springfield, MO 19.0
184 Asheville, NC 18.8
185 Cedar Rapids, IA 18.6
186 Savannah, GA 18.6
187 Salisbury, MD‐DE 18.3
188 Pensacola‐Ferry Pass‐Brent, FL 18.3
189 Lake Charles, LA 18.1
190 Killeen‐Temple, TX 18.1
191 Naples‐Immokalee‐Marco Island, FL 17.9
192 Deltona‐Daytona Beach‐Ormond Beach, FL 17.9
193 Montgomery, AL 17.8
194 Evansville, IN‐KY 17.8
195 Fayetteville, NC 17.6
196 Myrtle Beach‐North Myrtle Beach‐Conway, SC‐NC 17.6
197 Fort Collins, CO 17.2
198 Elkhart‐Goshen, IN 16.9
199 Canton‐Massillon, OH 16.8
200 Salem, OR 16.7
201 Kalamazoo‐Portage, MI 16.7
202 Gulfport‐Biloxi‐Pascagoula, MS 16.7
203 Visalia‐Porterville, CA 16.7
204 Tallahassee, FL 16.5
205 Fargo, ND‐MN 16.5
206 Spartanburg, SC 16.2
28
(US$, Billions)

207 Eugene, OR 16.0
208 Norwich‐New London, CT 15.8
209 Roanoke, VA 15.4
210 San Luis Obispo‐Paso Robles‐Arroyo Grande, CA 15.3
211 Rockford, IL 15.1
212 Huntington‐Ashland, WV‐KY‐OH 14.9
213 South Bend‐Mishawaka, IN‐MI 14.8
214 Wilmington, NC 14.7
215 Santa Cruz‐Watsonville, CA 14.4
216 Columbus, GA‐AL 14.3
217 Flint, MI 14.2
218 Crestview‐Fort Walton Beach‐Destin, FL 14.2
219 Burlington‐South Burlington, VT 14.1
220 Tyler, TX 14.1
221 Port St. Lucie, FL 14.0
222 Lubbock, TX 13.9
223 Hickory‐Lenoir‐Morganton, NC 13.9
224 Kennewick‐Richland, WA 13.8
225 Charlottesville, VA 13.4
226 Charleston, WV 13.4
227 Amarillo, TX 13.3
228 Gainesville, FL 13.1
229 Atlantic City‐Hammonton, NJ 13.1
230 Duluth, MN‐WI 13.0
231 Appleton, WI 12.9
232 Rochester, MN 12.5
233 Champaign‐Urbana, IL 12.5
234 Olympia‐Tumwater, WA 12.5
235 Waco, TX 12.3
236 Greeley, CO 12.3
237 Kingsport‐Bristol‐Bristol, TN‐VA 12.1
238 Barnstable Town, MA 11.7
239 Bloomington‐Normal, IL 11.6
240 Erie, PA 11.3
241 Tuscaloosa, AL 11.2
242 Napa, CA 11.2
243 Bremerton‐Silverdale, WA 11.2
244 Utica‐Rome, NY 11.1
245 Clarksville, TN‐KY 10.9
246 Bellingham, WA 10.8
247 Topeka, KS 10.8
29
(US$, Billions)

248 Brownsville‐Harlingen, TX 10.7
249 Oshkosh‐Neenah, WI 10.7
250 Iowa City, IA 10.6
251 Lafayette‐West Lafayette, IN 10.5
252 Billings, MT 10.4
253 St. Cloud, MN 10.4
254 Houma‐Thibodaux, LA 10.4
255 Hagerstown‐Martinsburg, MD‐WV 10.2
256 Springfield, IL 10.1
257 College Station‐Bryan, TX 10.1
258 Fort Smith, AR‐OK 10.1
259 Longview, TX 10.0
260 Bend‐Redmond, OR 10.0
261 Macon‐Bibb County, GA 9.9
262 Sioux City, IA‐NE‐SD 9.9
263 Yakima, WA 9.8
264 Binghamton, NY 9.8
265 Waterloo‐Cedar Falls, IA 9.7
266 Lynchburg, VA 9.7
267 Gainesville, GA 9.6
268 Hilton Head Island‐Bluffton‐Beaufort, SC 9.5
269 Athens‐Clarke County, GA 9.3
270 Odessa, TX 9.3
271 Columbia, MO 9.2
272 Kahului‐Wailuku‐Lahaina, HI 9.1
273 State College, PA 9.0
274 Merced, CA 8.8
275 Ocala, FL 8.8
276 Eau Claire, WI 8.6
277 Panama City, FL 8.6
278 Florence, SC 8.5
279 Laredo, TX 8.4
280 Greenville, NC 8.4
281 Medford, OR 8.4
282 Chico, CA 8.3
283 Bismarck, ND 8.3
284 Saginaw, MI 8.3
285 Racine, WI 8.3
286 Morgantown, WV 8.2
287 Harrisonburg, VA 8.0
288 Wausau, WI 8.0
30
(US$, Billions)

289 Jacksonville, NC 8.0
290 Monroe, LA 7.6
291 Wheeling, WV‐OH 7.6
292 La Crosse‐Onalaska, WI‐MN 7.5
293 Jefferson City, MO 7.4
294 Dover, DE 7.4
295 Bowling Green, KY 7.4
296 Joplin, MO 7.4
297 Santa Fe, NM 7.3
298 Daphne‐Fairhope‐Foley, AL 7.3
299 Warner Robins, GA 7.3
300 Bloomington, IN 7.3
301 Blacksburg‐Christiansburg‐Radford, VA 7.2
302 Las Cruces, NM 7.1
303 Johnson City, TN 7.1
304 Abilene, TX 7.0
305 Niles‐Benton Harbor, MI 6.9
306 Pittsfield, MA 6.8
307 Rapid City, SD 6.8
308 Janesville‐Beloit, WI 6.8
309 Yuma, AZ 6.7
310 Idaho Falls, ID 6.7
311 California‐Lexington Park, MD 6.7
312 Winchester, VA‐WV 6.6
313 Redding, CA 6.6
314 Wichita Falls, TX 6.4
315 Kingston, NY 6.4
316 Terre Haute, IN 6.4
317 Dalton, GA 6.4
318 Watertown‐Fort Drum, NY 6.4
319 Sheboygan, WI 6.3
320 Elizabethtown, KY 6.3
321 Decatur, IL 6.3
322 Jackson, TN 6.3
323 Mount Vernon‐Anacortes, WA 6.3
324 Jackson, MI 6.3
325 Hattiesburg, MS 6.2
326 East Stroudsburg, PA 6.2
327 Alexandria, LA 6.2
328 Prescott, AZ 6.2
329 Yuba City, CA 6.1
31
(US$, Billions)

330 Rocky Mount, NC 6.1
331 Bangor, ME 6.1
332 Casper, WY 6.1
333 El Centro, CA 6.1
334 Battle Creek, MI 6.1
335 Flagstaff, AZ 6.1
336 Coeur dÀlene, ID 6.0
337 Farmington, NM 5.9
338 Columbus, IN 5.9
339 Muskegon, MI 5.9
340 Dubuque, IA 5.9
341 Vineland‐Bridgeton, NJ 5.9
342 Sebastian‐Vero Beach, FL 5.9
343 Cheyenne, WY 5.8
344 Fairbanks, AK 5.8
345 Owensboro, KY 5.8
346 Lima, OH 5.7
347 Grand Forks, ND‐MN 5.6
348 Mankato‐North Mankato, MN 5.6
349 St. George, UT 5.5
350 Midland, MI 5.5
351 Altoona, PA 5.5
352 Grand Junction, CO 5.5
353 Decatur, AL 5.5
354 Missoula, MT 5.5
355 Madera, CA 5.5
356 St. Joseph, MO‐KS 5.5
357 Chambersburg‐Waynesboro, PA 5.5
358 Auburn‐Opelika, AL 5.4
359 Jonesboro, AR 5.4
360 Burlington, NC 5.4
361 Ames, IA 5.4
362 Albany, GA 5.4
363 Texarkana, TX‐AR 5.4
364 Ocean City, NJ 5.4
365 Hanford‐Corcoran, CA 5.4
366 Carbondale‐Marion, IL 5.4
367 Ithaca, NY 5.3
368 Dothan, AL 5.2
369 Glens Falls, NY 5.2
370 Lebanon, PA 5.1
32
(US$, Billions)

371 Pueblo, CO 5.1
372 Logan, UT‐ID 5.0
373 Florence‐Muscle Shoals, AL 5.0
374 Staunton‐Waynesboro, VA 5.0
375 San Angelo, TX 5.0
376 Lawton, OK 5.0
377 New Bern, NC 5.0
378 Valdosta, GA 5.0
379 Fond du Lac, WI 5.0
380 Kokomo, IN 4.9
381 Wenatchee, WA 4.9
382 Corvallis, OR 4.8
383 Williamsport, PA 4.8
384 Monroe, MI 4.8
385 Victoria, TX 4.7
386 Lawrence, KS 4.6
387 Grand Island, NE 4.5
388 Lake Havasu City‐Kingman, AZ 4.5
389 Springfield, OH 4.5
390 Goldsboro, NC 4.4
391 Sherman‐Denison, TX 4.4
392 Mansfield, OH 4.4
393 Cleveland, TN 4.4
394 Kankakee, IL 4.4
395 Morristown, TN 4.3
396 Longview, WA 4.3
397 Brunswick, GA 4.3
398 Punta Gorda, FL 4.3
399 Johnstown, PA 4.3
400 Albany, OR 4.2
401 Cape Girardeau, MO‐IL 4.2
402 Lewiston‐Auburn, ME 4.2
403 Beckley, WV 4.2
404 Weirton‐Steubenville, WV‐OH 4.1
405 Bloomsburg‐Berwick, PA 4.1
406 Hammond, LA 4.1
407 Sierra Vista‐Douglas, AZ 4.0
408 Michigan City‐La Porte, IN 4.0
409 Rome, GA 4.0
410 Parkersburg‐Vienna, WV 4.0
411 Muncie, IN 3.9
33
(US$, Billions)

412 Anniston‐Oxford‐Jacksonville, AL 3.9
413 Sumter, SC 3.8
414 Manhattan, KS 3.7
415 Great Falls, MT 3.6
416 Hinesville, GA 3.6
417 Carson City, NV 3.5
418 Elmira, NY 3.4
419 Gettysburg, PA 3.4
420 Cumberland, MD‐WV 3.4
421 Bay City, MI 3.3
422 Hot Springs, AR 3.1
423 Homosassa Springs, FL 3.0
424 Walla Walla, WA 3.0
425 Gadsden, AL 3.0
426 Pine Bluff, AR 2.9
427 Pocatello, ID 2.8
428 Danville, IL 2.8
429 The Villages, FL 2.7
430 Lewiston, ID‐WA 2.5
431 Grants Pass, OR 2.5
432 Sebring, FL 2.1
34
Table 4: The Gross Metropolitan Product of the Top 10 Metro Areas in 2017
Exceeded the Combined Output of the Following 37 States
Total Gross Metro Product: Total Gross State

Product:
$6.79 trillion $6.36 trillion
 New York‐Newark‐Jersey City, NY‐NJ‐PA  Maryland
Is greater
 Los Angeles‐Long Beach‐Anaheim, CA than  Indiana
 Chicago‐Naperville‐Elgin, IL‐IN‐WI  Minnesota
 
Dallas‐Fort Worth‐Arlington, TX
> Tennessee
 Washington‐Arlington‐Alexandria, DC‐VA‐MD‐WV  Colorado
 San Francisco‐Oakland‐Hayward, CA  Wisconsin
 Houston‐The Woodlands‐Sugar Land, TX  Arizona
 Philadelphia‐Camden‐Wilmington, PA‐NJ‐DE‐MD  Missouri
 Boston‐Cambridge‐Newton, MA‐NH  Connecticut
 Atlanta‐Sandy Springs‐Roswell, GA  Louisiana
 Oregon
 South Carolina
 Alabama
 Kentucky
 Oklahoma
 Iowa
 Utah
 Nevada
 Kansas
 District of Columbia
 Arkansas
 Nebraska
 Mississippi
 New Mexico
 Hawaii
 New Hampshire
 West Virginia
 Delaware
 Idaho
 Maine
 Rhode Island
 North Dakota
 Alaska
 South Dakota
 Montana
 Wyoming
 Vermont
35
Table 5: Gross Metropolitan Product as a Share of Gross State Product
(US$, Billions)
2017 GMP % of GSP

Alaska
Anchorage, AK $28.7 54.3%
Fairbanks, AK $5.8 11.1%
Sum of Metro Areas $34.5 65.4%
Alabama
Anniston‐Oxford‐Jacksonville, AL $3.9 1.9%
Auburn‐Opelika, AL $5.4 2.6%
Birmingham‐Hoover, AL $64.7 30.7%
Columbus, GA‐AL $1.2 0.6%
Daphne‐Fairhope‐Foley, AL $7.3 3.4%
Decatur, AL $5.5 2.6%
Dothan, AL $5.2 2.5%
Florence‐Muscle Shoals, AL $5.0 2.4%
Gadsden, AL $3.0 1.4%
Huntsville, AL $25.9 12.3%
Mobile, AL $19.3 9.1%
Montgomery, AL $17.8 8.4%
Tuscaloosa, AL $11.2 5.3%
Arkansas
Fayetteville‐Springdale‐Rogers, MO‐AR $27.9 22.4%
Fort Smith, OK‐AR $8.3 6.7%
Hot Springs, AR $3.1 2.5%
Jonesboro, AR $5.4 4.3%
Little Rock‐North Little Rock‐Conway, AR $39.3 31.4%
Memphis, TN‐MS‐AR $1.5 1.2%
Pine Bluff, AR $2.9 2.4%
Texarkana, TX‐AR $1.6 1.3%
Arizona
Flagstaff, AZ $6.1 1.9%
Lake Havasu City‐Kingman, AZ $4.5 1.4%
Phoenix‐Mesa‐Scottsdale, AZ $243.7 76.2%
Prescott, AZ $6.2 1.9%
Sierra Vista‐Douglas, AZ $4.0 1.3%
Tucson, AZ $38.6 12.1%
Yuma, AZ $6.7 2.1%
California
Bakersfield, CA $36.8 1.3%
Chico, CA $8.3 0.3%
El Centro, CA $6.1 0.2%
Fresno, CA $42.7 1.6%
36
(US$, Billions)
2017 GMP % of GSP

Hanford‐Corcoran, CA $5.4 0.2%
Los Angeles‐Long Beach‐Anaheim, CA $1,048.6 38.2%
Madera, CA $5.5 0.2%
Merced, CA $8.8 0.3%
Modesto, CA $20.9 0.8%
Napa, CA $11.2 0.4%
Oxnard‐Thousand Oaks‐Ventura, CA $50.9 1.9%
Redding, CA $6.6 0.2%
Riverside‐San Bernardino‐Ontario, CA $157.8 5.7%
Santa Maria‐Santa Barbara, CA $26.3 1.0%
Sacramento‐‐Roseville‐‐Arden‐Arcade, CA $128.2 4.7%
Santa Cruz‐Watsonville, CA $14.4 0.5%
San Diego‐Carlsbad, CA $227.6 8.3%
San Jose‐Sunnyvale‐Santa Clara, CA $267.7 9.7%
Salinas, CA $23.8 0.9%
San Luis Obispo‐Paso Robles‐Arroyo Grande, CA $15.3 0.6%
Santa Rosa, CA $29.1 1.1%
San Francisco‐Oakland‐Hayward, CA $501.9 18.3%
Stockton‐Lodi, CA $27.8 1.0%
Vallejo‐Fairfield, CA $21.6 0.8%
Visalia‐Porterville, CA $16.7 0.6%
Yuba City, CA $6.1 0.2%
Sum of Metro Areas $2,716.2 98.9%
Colorado
Boulder, CO $25.3 7.4%
Colorado Springs, CO $33.0 9.6%
Denver‐Aurora‐Lakewood, CO $209.4 61.1%
Fort Collins, CO $17.2 5.0%
Greeley, CO $12.3 3.6%
Grand Junction, CO $5.5 1.6%
Pueblo, CO $5.1 1.5%
Connecticut
Bridgeport‐Stamford‐Norwalk, CT $101.1 38.8%
Hartford‐West Hartford‐East Hartford, CT $89.3 34.2%
New Haven‐Milford, CT $43.7 16.8%
Norwich‐New London, CT $15.8 6.1%
Worcester, MA‐CT $3.5 1.4%
District of Columbia
Washington‐Arlington‐Alexandria, DC‐VA‐MD‐WV $131.0 100.0%
Sum of Metro Areas
37
(US$, Billions)
2017 GMP % of GSP

Delaware
Dover, DE $7.4 10.1%
Philadelphia‐Camden‐Wilmington, PA‐NJ‐DE‐MD $56.4 76.7%
Salisbury, MD‐DE $9.7 13.2%
Florida
Cape Coral‐Fort Myers, FL $28.7 3.0%
Deltona‐Daytona Beach‐Ormond Beach, FL $17.9 1.9%
Crestview‐Fort Walton Beach‐Destin, FL $14.2 1.5%
Gainesville, FL $13.1 1.4%
Homosassa Springs, FL $3.0 0.3%
Jacksonville, FL $75.0 7.8%
Lakeland‐Winter Haven, FL $21.1 2.2%
Miami‐Fort Lauderdale‐West Palm Beach, FL $340.9 35.2%
Naples‐Immokalee‐Marco Island, FL $17.9 1.9%
Ocala, FL $8.8 0.9%
Orlando‐Kissimmee‐Sanford, FL $133.6 13.8%
Palm Bay‐Melbourne‐Titusville, FL $21.5 2.2%
Panama City, FL $8.6 0.9%
Pensacola‐Ferry Pass‐Brent, FL $18.3 1.9%
Port St. Lucie, FL $14.0 1.4%
Punta Gorda, FL $4.3 0.4%
Sebastian‐Vero Beach, FL $5.9 0.6%
Sebring, FL $2.1 0.2%
North Port‐Sarasota‐Bradenton, FL $31.1 3.2%
Tallahassee, FL $16.5 1.7%
Tampa‐St. Petersburg‐Clearwater, FL $148.6 15.4%
The Villages, FL $2.7 0.3%
Georgia
Albany, GA $5.4 1.0%
Athens‐Clarke County, GA $9.3 1.7%
Atlanta‐Sandy Springs‐Roswell, GA $384.3 69.3%
Augusta‐Richmond County, GA‐SC $17.5 3.2%
Brunswick, GA $4.3 0.8%
Chattanooga, GA‐TN $2.7 0.5%
Columbus, GA‐AL $13.1 2.4%
Dalton, GA $6.4 1.2%
Gainesville, GA $9.6 1.7%
Hinesville, GA $3.6 0.7%
Macon, GA $9.9 1.8%
Rome, GA $4.0 0.7%
38
(US$, Billions)
2017 GMP % of GSP

Savannah, GA $18.6 3.3%
Valdosta, GA $5.0 0.9%
Warner Robins, GA $7.3 1.3%
Hawaii
Urban Honolulu, HI $67.8 76.9%
Kahului‐Wailuku‐Lahaina, HI $9.1 10.3%
Iowa
Ames, IA $5.4 2.8%
Cedar Rapids, IA $18.6 9.8%
Davenport‐Moline‐Rock Island, IA‐IL $9.0 4.8%
Des Moines‐West Des Moines, IA $54.4 28.6%
Dubuque, IA $5.9 3.1%
Iowa City, IA $10.6 5.6%
Omaha‐Council Bluffs, NE‐IA $4.9 2.6%
Sioux City, IA‐NE‐SD $7.1 3.7%
Waterloo‐Cedar Falls, IA $9.7 5.1%
Idaho
Boise City, ID $34.2 47.5%
Coeur dÀlene, ID $6.0 8.4%
Idaho Falls, ID $6.7 9.3%
Lewiston, NE‐WA $2.0 2.7%
Logan, UT‐ID $0.3 0.4%
Pocatello, ID $2.8 4.0%
Illinois
Bloomington‐Normal, IL $11.6 1.4%
Cape Girardeau, MO‐IL $0.2 0.0%
Carbondale‐Marion, IL $5.4 0.7%
Champaign‐Urbana, IL $12.5 1.5%
Chicago‐Naperville‐Elgin, IL $639.0 77.9%
Danville, IL $2.8 0.3%
Davenport‐Moline‐Rock Island, IA‐IL $10.7 1.3%
Decatur, IL $6.3 0.8%
Kankakee, IL $4.4 0.5%
Peoria, IL $20.5 2.5%
Rockford, IL $15.1 1.8%
Springfield, IL $10.1 1.2%
St. Louis, MO‐IL $24.0 2.9%
39
(US$, Billions)
2017 GMP % of GSP

Indiana
Bloomington, IN $7.3 2.0%
Gary, IN $29.9 8.3%
Cincinnati, OH‐KY‐IN $1.6 0.4%
Columbus, IN $5.9 1.6%
Elkhart‐Goshen, IN $16.9 4.7%
Evansville, IN‐KY $15.8 4.4%
Fort Wayne, IN $21.9 6.1%
Indianapolis‐Carmel, IN $142.9 39.8%
Kokomo, IN $4.9 1.4%
Lafayette‐West Lafayette, IN $10.5 2.9%
Louisville‐Jefferson County, KY‐IN $11.1 3.1%
Michigan City‐La Porte, IN $4.0 1.1%
Muncie, IN $3.9 1.1%
South Bend‐Mishawaka, IN‐MI $13.9 3.9%
Terre Haute, IN $6.4 1.8%
Kansas
Kansas City, MO‐KS $62.2 39.4%
Lawrence, KS $4.6 2.9%
Manhattan, KS $3.7 2.3%
St. Joseph, MO‐KS $0.2 0.1%
Topeka, KS $10.8 6.8%
Wichita, KS $32.6 20.7%
Kentucky
Bowling Green, KY $7.4 3.7%
Clarksville, TN‐KY $6.5 3.2%
Elizabethtown, KY $6.3 3.1%
Evansville, IN‐KY $2.0 1.0%
Huntington‐Ashland, WV‐KY‐OH $3.8 1.9%
Lexington‐Fayette, KY $29.9 14.8%
Louisville‐Jefferson County, KY‐IN $66.4 32.8%
Owensboro, KY $5.8 2.8%
Louisiana
Alexandria, LA $6.2 2.5%
Baton Rouge, LA $53.7 21.8%
Hammond, LA $4.1 1.7%
Houma‐Thibodaux, LA $10.4 4.2%
Lake Charles, LA $18.1 7.4%
40
(US$, Billions)
2017 GMP % of GSP

Lafayette, LA $21.6 8.8%
Monroe, LA $7.6 3.1%
New Orleans‐Metairie, LA $80.5 32.7%
Shreveport‐Bossier City, LA $21.5 8.7%
Massachusetts
Barnstable Town, MA $11.7 2.2%
Boston‐Cambridge‐Newton, MA‐NH $412.6 78.2%
Pittsfield, MA $6.8 1.3%
Providence‐Warwick, RI‐MA $23.4 4.4%
Springfield, MA $28.3 5.4%
Worcester, MA‐CT $40.2 7.6%
Maryland
Baltimore‐Columbia‐Towson, MD $195.0 49.5%
California‐Lexington Park, MD $6.7 1.7%
Cumberland, MD‐WV $2.7 0.7%
Hagerstown‐Martinsburg, MD‐WV $6.9 1.8%
Salisbury, MD‐DE $8.6 2.2%
Maine
Bangor, ME $6.1 9.9%
Lewiston‐Auburn, ME $4.2 6.8%
Portland‐South Portland, ME $32.2 52.4%
Michigan
Ann Arbor, MI $22.8 4.5%
Battle Creek, MI $6.1 1.2%
Bay City, MI $3.3 0.6%
Detroit‐Warren‐Dearborn, MI $263.3 52.1%
Flint, MI $14.2 2.8%
Grand Rapids‐Wyoming, MI $61.0 12.1%
Jackson, MI $6.3 1.2%
Kalamazoo‐Portage, MI $16.7 3.3%
Lansing‐East Lansing, MI $23.0 4.6%
Midland, MI $5.5 1.1%
Monroe, MI $4.8 0.9%
Muskegon, MI $5.9 1.2%
Niles‐Benton Harbor, MI $6.9 1.4%
Saginaw, MI $8.3 1.6%
41
(US$, Billions)
2017 GMP % of GSP

South Bend‐Mishawaka, IN‐MI $0.9 0.2%
Minnesota
Duluth, MN‐WI $11.4 3.3%
Mankato‐North Mankato, MN $5.6 1.6%
Fargo, ND‐MN $2.0 0.6%
Grand Forks, ND‐MN $1.1 0.3%
La Crosse‐Onalaska, WI‐MN $0.4 0.1%
Minneapolis‐St. Paul‐Bloomington, MN‐WI $255.4 72.7%
Rochester, MN $12.5 3.6%
St. Cloud, MN $10.4 3.0%
Missouri
Cape Girardeau, MO‐IL $4.0 1.3%
Columbia, MO $9.2 3.0%
Fayetteville‐Springdale‐Rogers, AR‐MO $0.6 0.2%
Jefferson City, MO $7.4 2.4%
Joplin, MO $7.4 2.4%
Kansas City, MO‐KS $70.9 23.3%
Springfield, MO $19.0 6.2%
St. Joseph, MO‐KS $5.3 1.7%
St. Louis, MO‐IL $138.1 45.3%
Mississippi
Gulfport‐Biloxi, MS $16.7 15.0%
Hattiesburg, MS $6.2 5.6%
Jackson, MS $30.3 27.1%
Montana
Billings, MT $10.4 21.7%
Great Falls, MT $3.6 7.6%
Missoula, MT $5.5 11.4%
North Carolina
Asheville, NC $18.8 3.5%
Burlington, NC $5.4 1.0%
Charlotte‐Concord‐Gastonia, NC‐SC $157.4 29.2%
Durham‐Chapel Hill, NC $45.9 8.5%
Fayetteville, NC $17.6 3.3%
Goldsboro, NC $4.4 0.8%
Greensboro‐High Point, NC $40.9 7.6%
42
(US$, Billions)
2017 GMP % of GSP

Greenville, NC $8.4 1.6%
Hickory‐Lenoir‐Morganton, NC $13.9 2.6%
Jacksonville, NC $8.0 1.5%
New Bern, NC $5.0 0.9%
Myrtle Beach‐Conway‐North Myrtle Beach, SC‐NC $3.8 0.7%
Raleigh, NC $84.0 15.6%
Rocky Mount, NC $6.1 1.1%
Virginia Beach‐Norfolk‐Newport News, VA‐NC $0.7 0.1%
Wilmington, NC $14.7 2.7%
Winston‐Salem, NC $29.4 5.5%
North Dakota
Bismarck, ND $8.3 14.9%
Fargo, ND‐MN $14.5 26.1%
Grand Forks, ND‐MN $4.6 8.2%
Nebraska
Grand Island, NE $4.5 3.7%
Lincoln, NE $20.3 16.7%
Omaha‐Council Bluffs, NE‐IA $59.9 49.2%
New Hampshire
Rockingham County‐Strafford County, NH $28.8 35.7%
Manchester‐Nashua, NH $27.8 34.5%
New Jersey
Allentown‐Bethlehem‐Easton, PA‐NJ $4.1 0.7%
Atlantic City‐Hammonton, NJ $13.1 2.2%
New York‐Newark‐Jersey City, NY‐NJ‐PA $462.3 78.1%
Ocean City, NJ $5.4 0.9%
Trenton, NJ $32.2 5.4%
Vineland‐Bridgeton, NJ $5.9 1.0%
New Mexico
Albuquerque, NM $44.8 46.1%
Farmington, NM $5.9 6.1%
Las Cruces, NM $7.1 7.4%
Santa Fe, NM $7.3 7.5%
Nevada
43
(US$, Billions)
2017 GMP % of GSP

Carson City, NV $3.5 2.2%
Las Vegas‐Henderson‐Paradise, NV $117.3 75.1%
Reno, NV $27.8 17.8%
New York
Albany‐Schenectady‐Troy, NY $54.5 3.5%
Binghamton, NY $9.8 0.6%
Buffalo‐Cheektowaga‐Niagara Falls, NY $60.0 3.9%
Elmira, NY $3.4 0.2%
Glens Falls, NY $5.2 0.3%
Ithaca, NY $5.3 0.3%
Kingston, NY $6.4 0.4%
New York‐Newark‐Jersey City, NY‐NJ‐PA $1,254.9 81.1%
Rochester, NY $57.0 3.7%
Syracuse, NY $33.7 2.2%
Utica‐Rome, NY $11.1 0.7%
Watertown‐Fort Drum, NY $6.4 0.4%
Ohio
Akron, OH $38.3 5.9%
Canton‐Massillon, OH $16.8 2.6%
Cleveland‐Elyria, OH $133.9 20.6%
Columbus, OH $137.2 21.1%
Dayton, OH $42.0 6.5%
Lima, OH $5.7 0.9%
Mansfield, OH $4.4 0.7%
Springfield, OH $4.5 0.7%
Toledo, OH $33.9 5.2%
Weirton‐Steubenville, WV‐OH $2.3 0.3%
Wheeling, WV‐OH $2.7 0.4%
Youngstown‐Warren‐Boardman, OH‐PA $15.7 2.4%
Oklahoma
Fort Smith, AR‐OK $1.7 0.9%
Lawton, OK $5.0 2.7%
Oklahoma City, OK $73.0 38.6%
Tulsa, OK $60.1 31.8%
Oregon
Albany, OR $4.2 1.8%
44
(US$, Billions)
2017 GMP % of GSP

Bend‐Redmond, OR $10.0 4.2%
Corvallis, OR $4.8 2.0%
Eugene, OR $16.0 6.8%
Grants Pass, OR $2.5 1.0%
Medford, OR $8.4 3.5%
Portland‐Vancouver‐Hillsboro, OR‐WA $150.8 63.8%
Salem, OR $16.7 7.1%
Pennsylvania
Allentown‐Bethlehem‐Easton, PA‐NJ $40.0 5.3%
Altoona, PA $5.5 0.7%
Bloomsburg‐Berwick, PA $4.1 0.5%
Chambersburg‐Waynesboro, PA $5.5 0.7%
East Stroudsburg, PA $6.2 0.8%
Erie, PA $11.3 1.5%
Gettysburg, PA $3.4 0.5%
Harrisburg‐Carlisle, PA $36.8 4.9%
Johnstown, PA $4.3 0.6%
Lancaster, PA $29.0 3.8%
Lebanon, PA $5.1 0.7%
New York‐Newark‐Jersey City, NY‐NJ‐PA $1.0 0.1%
Pittsburgh, PA $143.8 19.1%
Reading, PA $20.6 2.7%
Scranton‐‐Wilkes‐Barre‐‐Hazleton, PA $23.7 3.2%
State College, PA $9.0 1.2%
Williamsport, PA $4.8 0.6%
York‐Hanover, PA $19.3 2.6%
Youngstown‐Warren‐Boardman, OH‐PA $4.5 0.6%
Rhode Island
Providence‐Warwick, RI‐MA $59.5 100.0%
Sum of Metro Areas
South Carolina
Augusta‐Richmond County, GA‐SC $6.9 3.2%
Charleston‐North Charleston, SC $40.7 18.6%
Charlotte‐Concord‐Gastonia, NC‐SC $14.9 6.8%
Columbia, SC $41.6 19.0%
Florence, SC $8.5 3.9%
Greenville‐Mauldin‐Easley, SC $42.2 19.3%
Hilton Head Island‐Bluffton‐Beaufort, SC $9.5 4.3%
Myrtle Beach‐Conway‐North Myrtle Beach, SC‐NC $13.8 6.3%
45
(US$, Billions)
2017 GMP % of GSP

Spartanburg, SC $16.2 7.4%
Sumter, SC $3.8 1.7%
South Dakota
Rapid City, SD $6.8 13.6%
Sioux Falls, SD $19.6 39.2%
Tennessee
Chattanooga, TN‐GA $24.0 7.0%
Clarksville, TN‐KY $4.4 1.3%
Cleveland, TN $4.4 1.3%
Jackson, TN $6.3 1.8%
Johnson City, TN $7.1 2.0%
Kingsport‐Bristol‐Bristol, TN‐VA $9.0 2.6%
Knoxville, TN $41.9 12.1%
Morristown, TN $4.3 1.3%
Nashville‐Davidson‐‐Murfreesboro‐‐Franklin, TN $132.2 38.3%
Texas
Abilene, TX $7.0 0.4%
Amarillo, TX $13.3 0.8%
Austin‐Round Rock, TX $142.9 8.4%
Beaumont‐Port Arthur, TX $25.2 1.5%
Brownsville‐Harlingen, TX $10.7 0.6%
College Station‐Bryan, TX $10.1 0.6%
Corpus Christi, TX $23.1 1.4%
Dallas‐Fort Worth‐Arlington, TX $541.1 31.9%
El Paso, TX $29.8 1.8%
Houston‐The Woodlands‐Sugar Land, TX $500.8 29.5%
Killeen‐Temple, TX $18.1 1.1%
Laredo, TX $8.4 0.5%
Longview, TX $10.0 0.6%
Lubbock, TX $13.9 0.8%
McAllen‐Edinburg‐Mission, TX $20.5 1.2%
Midland, TX $26.9 1.6%
Odessa, TX $9.3 0.5%
San Angelo, TX $5.0 0.3%
San Antonio‐New Braunfels, TX $122.3 7.2%
Sherman‐Denison, TX $4.4 0.3%
Texarkana, TX‐AR $3.8 0.2%
46
(US$, Billions)
2017 GMP % of GSP

Tyler, TX $14.1 0.8%
Victoria, TX $4.7 0.3%
Waco, TX $12.3 0.7%
Wichita Falls, TX $6.4 0.4%
Utah
Logan, UT‐ID $4.8 2.9%
Ogden‐Clearfield, UT $26.4 15.9%
Provo‐Orem, UT $25.0 15.1%
Salt Lake City, UT $89.5 54.1%
St. George, UT $5.5 3.4%
Virginia
Blacksburg‐Christiansburg‐Radford, VA $7.2 1.4%
Charlottesville, VA $13.4 2.6%
Harrisonburg, VA $8.0 1.6%
Kingsport‐Bristol‐Bristol, TN‐VA $3.1 0.6%
Lynchburg, VA $9.7 1.9%
Richmond, VA $82.9 16.3%
Roanoke, VA $15.4 3.0%
Staunton‐Waynesboro, VA $5.0 1.0%
Virginia Beach‐Norfolk‐Newport News, VA‐NC $94.4 18.6%
Winchester, VA‐WV $6.3 1.2%
Vermont
Burlington‐South Burlington, VT $14.1 43.9%
Sum of Metro Areas
Washington
Bellingham, WA $10.8 2.1%
Bremerton‐Silverdale, WA $11.2 2.2%
Kennewick‐Richland, WA $13.8 2.7%
Lewiston, ID‐WA $0.5 0.1%
Longview, WA $4.3 0.9%
Mount Vernon‐Anacortes, WA $6.3 1.2%
Olympia‐Tumwater, WA $12.5 2.5%
Portland‐Vancouver‐Hillsboro, OR‐WA $21.0 4.1%
Seattle‐Tacoma‐Bellevue, WA $357.5 70.6%
Spokane‐Spokane Valley, WA $25.8 5.1%
Walla Walla, WA $3.0 0.6%
Wenatchee, WA $4.9 1.0%
Yakima, WA $9.8 1.9%
47
(US$, Billions)
2017 GMP % of GSP

Wisconsin
Appleton, WI $12.9 4.0%
Lake County‐Kenosha County, IL‐WI $6.9 2.1%
Duluth, MN‐WI $1.6 0.5%
Eau Claire, WI $8.6 2.6%
Fond du Lac, WI $5.0 1.5%
Green Bay, WI $19.3 5.9%
Janesville‐Beloit, WI $6.8 2.1%
La Crosse‐Onalaska, WI‐MN $7.1 2.2%
Madison, WI $50.3 15.5%
Milwaukee‐Waukesha‐West Allis, WI $105.5 32.6%
Minneapolis‐St. Paul‐Bloomington, MN‐WI $4.1 1.3%
Oshkosh‐Neenah, WI $10.7 3.3%
Racine, WI $8.3 2.5%
Sheboygan, WI $6.3 2.0%
Wausau, WI $8.0 2.5%
West Virginia
Beckley, WV $4.2 5.5%
Charleston, WV $13.4 17.4%
Cumberland, MD‐WV $0.7 0.9%
Hagerstown‐Martinsburg, MD‐WV $3.3 4.2%
Morgantown, WV $8.2 10.7%
Parkersburg‐Vienna, WV $4.0 5.2%
Weirton‐Steubenville, WV‐OH $1.8 2.4%
Wheeling, WV‐OH $4.9 6.3%
Winchester, VA‐WV $0.3 0.4%
Wyoming
Casper, WY $6.1 15.1%
Cheyenne, WY $5.8 14.5%
48
Table 5b: Gross Metropolitan Product (Division) as a
Share of Gross Metropolitan Product (MSA)
(US$, Billions)
2017 GMP % of GMP

Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH
Boston, MA $210.1 47.6%
Cambridge-Newton-Framingham, MA $202.5 45.9%
Rockingham County-Strafford County, NH $28.8 6.5%
Sum of Metro Divisions $441.4
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL
Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, IL $548.7 81.2%
Elgin, IL $29.3 4.3%
Gary, IN $29.9 4.4%
Lake County-Kenosha County, IL-WI $67.9 10.0%
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX
Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX $405.4 74.9%
Fort Worth-Arlington, TX $135.7 25.1%
Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI
Detroit-Dearborn-Livonia, MI $102.8 39.1%
Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, MI $160.4 60.9%
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA $767.6 73.2%
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Irvine, CA $281.0 26.8%
Sum of Metro Divisions $1,048.6
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL

Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Bch-Deerfield Bch, FL $105.7 31.0%
Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall, FL $153.0 44.9%
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach, FL $82.2 24.1%
New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA

Nassau County-Suffolk County, NY $193.5 11.3%
Newark, NJ-PA $203.5 11.8%
New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ $1,303.5 75.9%
Dutchess County-Putnam County, NY $17.8 1.0%
Sum of Metro Divisions $1,700.4
Philadelphia‐Camden‐Wilmington, PA‐NJ‐DE‐MD
49
Table 5b: Gross Metropolitan Product (Division) as a
Share of Gross Metropolitan Product (MSA)
(US$, Billions)
2017 GMP % of GMP

Camden, NJ $65.8 14.7%
Montgomery County‐Bucks County‐Chester County, PA $173.2 38.7%
Philadelphia, PA $145.1 32.4%
Wilmington, DE‐MD‐NJ $63.5 14.2%
San Francisco‐Oakland‐Hayward, CA
Oakland‐Hayward‐Berkeley, CA $194.4 38.7%
San Francisco‐Redwood City‐South San Francisco, CA $288.4 57.5%
San Rafael, CA $19.1 3.8%
Seattle‐Tacoma‐Bellevue, WA
Seattle‐Bellevue‐Everett, WA $314.4 87.9%
Tacoma‐Lakewood, WA $43.1 12.1%
Washington‐Arlington‐Alexandria, DC‐VA‐MD‐WV
Silver Springs‐Frederick‐Rockville, MD $96.2 18.2%
50
Table 6: Employment Growth, 2017 to 2022
average annual rate
2017-2018 2019-2020 2021-2022
1 Abilene, TX 1.4% 1.0% 0.1%
2 Akron, OH 0.5% 0.8% ‐0.3%
3 Albany, GA 1.1% 0.9% ‐0.1%
4 Albany, OR 2.7% 1.4% 0.4%
5 Albany‐Schenectady‐Troy, NY 1.1% 0.8% 0.0%
6 Albuquerque, NM 1.3% 1.5% 0.8%
7 Alexandria, LA ‐0.6% 0.8% 0.0%
8 Allentown‐Bethlehem‐Easton, PA‐NJ 1.2% 0.9% 0.1%
9 Altoona, PA 0.4% 0.5% ‐0.3%
10 Amarillo, TX 0.6% 1.5% 0.5%
11 Ames, IA 1.6% 0.9% 0.4%
12 Anchorage, AK ‐0.5% 1.7% 0.9%
13 Ann Arbor, MI 1.6% 1.1% 0.4%
14 Anniston‐Oxford‐Jacksonville, AL 1.1% 0.7% ‐0.3%
15 Appleton, WI 0.7% 1.5% 0.5%
16 Asheville, NC 1.8% 1.3% 0.4%
17 Athens‐Clarke County, GA 2.5% 1.4% 0.6%
18 Atlanta‐Sandy Springs‐Roswell, GA 2.1% 2.0% 0.8%
19 Atlantic City‐Hammonton, NJ 0.7% 0.6% ‐0.1%
20 Auburn‐Opelika, AL 2.6% 1.6% 0.8%
21 Augusta‐Richmond County, GA‐SC 2.4% 1.5% 0.4%
22 Austin‐Round Rock, TX 3.4% 2.9% 1.9%
23 Bakersfield, CA 1.4% 1.8% 1.1%
24 Baltimore‐Columbia‐Towson, MD 1.1% 1.2% 0.4%
25 Bangor, ME ‐0.2% 0.1% ‐0.3%
26 Barnstable Town, MA 0.4% 0.8% 0.2%
27 Baton Rouge, LA 0.4% 1.2% 0.6%
28 Battle Creek, MI ‐0.1% 1.2% ‐0.2%
29 Bay City, MI ‐0.7% 0.5% ‐0.3%
30 Beaumont‐Port Arthur, TX ‐0.3% 1.1% 0.0%
31 Beckley, WV ‐0.2% 0.6% 0.0%
32 Bellingham, WA 2.5% 1.6% 0.7%
33 Bend‐Redmond, OR 3.6% 2.5% 1.2%
34 Billings, MT 0.5% 1.1% 0.3%
35 Binghamton, NY 0.1% 0.1% ‐0.5%
36 Birmingham‐Hoover, AL 1.0% 1.1% 0.2%
37 Bismarck, ND ‐0.6% 1.6% 0.5%
38 Blacksburg‐Christiansburg‐Radford, VA ‐0.2% 0.8% 0.1%
39 Bloomington, IN 0.4% 1.2% 0.5%
40 Bloomington‐Normal, IL ‐0.2% 0.8% 0.1%
41 Bloomsburg‐Berwick, PA 0.5% 0.7% 0.0%
42 Boise City, ID 3.7% 2.3% 1.1%
43 Boston‐Cambridge‐Newton, MA‐NH 1.2% 1.3% 0.4%
44 Boulder, CO 1.7% 1.7% 0.8%
45 Bowling Green, KY 1.7% 1.6% 0.5%
51
average annual rate
2017-2018 2019-2020 2021-2022
46 Bremerton‐Silverdale, WA 1.8% 1.6% 0.1%
47 Bridgeport‐Stamford‐Norwalk, CT 0.0% 0.7% 0.0%
48 Brownsville‐Harlingen, TX 0.5% 2.1% 1.4%
49 Brunswick, GA 0.5% 0.9% ‐0.1%
50 Buffalo‐Cheektowaga‐Niagara Falls, NY 0.9% 0.6% ‐0.4%
51 Burlington, NC 0.6% 1.1% 0.2%
52 Burlington‐South Burlington, VT 0.1% 1.1% 0.2%
53 California‐Lexington Park, MD 0.0% 0.4% 0.0%
54 Canton‐Massillon, OH 0.6% 0.4% ‐0.4%
55 Cape Coral‐Fort Myers, FL 1.9% 2.7% 1.6%
56 Cape Girardeau, MO‐IL 0.8% 0.6% 0.3%
57 Carbondale‐Marion, IL ‐0.1% 0.7% 0.0%
58 Carson City, NV 4.2% 1.3% 0.6%
59 Casper, WY 0.3% 1.5% 0.6%
60 Cedar Rapids, IA 0.7% 0.9% 0.2%
61 Chambersburg‐Waynesboro, PA 1.2% 0.8% ‐0.1%
62 Champaign‐Urbana, IL 0.8% 0.7% 0.1%
63 Charleston, WV ‐0.5% 0.6% 0.0%
64 Charleston‐North Charleston, SC 2.0% 2.5% 1.2%
65 Charlotte‐Concord‐Gastonia, NC‐SC 2.8% 2.3% 1.1%
66 Charlottesville, VA 2.4% 1.1% 0.7%
67 Chattanooga, TN‐GA 2.2% 1.3% 0.1%
68 Cheyenne, WY ‐0.1% 1.4% 0.5%
69 Chicago‐Naperville‐Elgin, IL‐IN‐WI 0.9% 1.2% 0.2%
70 Chico, CA 2.1% 1.1% 0.6%
71 Cincinnati, OH‐KY‐IN 1.1% 1.1% 0.0%
72 Clarksville, TN‐KY 1.2% 1.6% 0.6%
73 Cleveland, TN 0.1% 1.3% 0.1%
74 Cleveland‐Elyria, OH 0.4% 0.7% ‐0.3%
75 Coeur dÀlene, ID 2.9% 2.5% 1.7%
76 College Station‐Bryan, TX 3.4% 2.0% 1.3%
77 Colorado Springs, CO 2.5% 2.0% 0.9%
78 Columbia, MO 0.8% 1.5% 1.1%
79 Columbia, SC 0.4% 1.8% 0.7%
80 Columbus, GA‐AL 0.8% 1.3% 0.2%
81 Columbus, IN 1.6% 1.0% ‐0.6%
82 Columbus, OH 1.5% 1.6% 0.5%
83 Corpus Christi, TX 0.0% 1.6% 0.6%
84 Corvallis, OR 2.1% 1.4% 0.7%
85 Crestview‐Fort Walton Beach‐Destin, FL 3.5% 1.6% 0.7%
86 Cumberland, MD‐WV 0.0% 0.4% ‐0.3%
87 Dallas‐Fort Worth‐Arlington, TX 2.6% 2.3% 1.3%
88 Dalton, GA 0.8% 1.2% ‐0.1%
89 Danville, IL ‐1.0% 0.6% ‐0.4%
90 Daphne‐Fairhope‐Foley, AL 2.7% 1.6% 1.0%
52
average annual rate
2017-2018 2019-2020 2021-2022
91 Davenport‐Moline‐Rock Island, IA‐IL 1.2% 0.9% 0.1%
92 Dayton, OH 1.2% 0.7% ‐0.3%
93 Decatur, AL 1.1% 1.1% 0.0%
94 Decatur, IL 0.5% 0.3% ‐0.6%
95 Deltona‐Daytona Beach‐Ormond Beach, FL 2.0% 1.5% 0.7%
96 Denver‐Aurora‐Lakewood, CO 2.2% 2.0% 1.0%
97 Des Moines‐West Des Moines, IA 1.6% 1.9% 1.0%
98 Detroit‐Warren‐Dearborn, MI 1.4% 1.0% ‐0.2%
99 Dothan, AL 0.5% 0.8% 0.1%
100 Dover, DE 0.7% 1.3% 0.6%
101 Dubuque, IA 0.4% 0.7% 0.0%
102 Duluth, MN‐WI 1.2% 0.5% 0.1%
103 Durham‐Chapel Hill, NC 1.3% 2.1% 0.9%
104 East Stroudsburg, PA 0.9% 0.6% ‐0.2%
105 Eau Claire, WI 0.4% 1.2% 0.4%
106 El Centro, CA 1.2% 1.6% 1.1%
107 El Paso, TX 1.3% 1.6% 0.8%
108 Elizabethtown, KY 0.6% 1.7% 0.3%
109 Elkhart‐Goshen, IN 4.6% 1.2% ‐0.5%
110 Elmira, NY ‐0.5% 0.1% ‐0.5%
111 Erie, PA 0.1% 0.5% ‐0.3%
112 Eugene, OR 1.9% 1.1% 0.3%
113 Evansville, IN‐KY 1.5% 0.9% ‐0.2%
114 Fairbanks, AK ‐0.2% 1.4% 0.6%
115 Fargo, ND‐MN 0.7% 1.7% 0.5%
116 Farmington, NM 0.5% 1.2% 1.0%
117 Fayetteville, NC 0.2% 1.1% 0.1%
118 Fayetteville‐Springdale‐Rogers, AR‐MO 2.8% 2.7% 1.5%
119 Flagstaff, AZ 1.6% 1.5% 0.8%
120 Flint, MI 0.3% 0.4% ‐0.4%
121 Florence, SC 0.9% 0.9% 0.0%
122 Florence‐Muscle Shoals, AL 0.1% 0.7% ‐0.2%
123 Fond du Lac, WI 0.9% 1.3% 0.3%
124 Fort Collins, CO 2.9% 2.3% 1.1%
125 Fort Smith, AR‐OK ‐0.4% 1.3% 0.3%
126 Fort Wayne, IN 1.5% 1.1% 0.0%
127 Fresno, CA 2.7% 1.7% 0.8%
128 Gadsden, AL 0.4% 0.5% ‐0.3%
129 Gainesville, FL 1.8% 1.1% 0.4%
130 Gainesville, GA 3.5% 2.0% 0.9%
131 Gettysburg, PA 2.2% 0.7% ‐0.2%
132 Glens Falls, NY 0.7% 0.5% ‐0.1%
133 Goldsboro, NC ‐0.1% 0.7% ‐0.2%
134 Grand Forks, ND‐MN ‐0.3% 1.1% 0.4%
135 Grand Island, NE 0.6% 0.9% 0.2%
53
average annual rate
2017-2018 2019-2020 2021-2022
136 Grand Junction, CO 2.4% 2.5% 1.2%
137 Grand Rapids‐Wyoming, MI 2.1% 1.5% 0.2%
138 Grants Pass, OR 2.4% 1.8% 0.9%
139 Great Falls, MT 0.7% 0.8% ‐0.1%
140 Greeley, CO 5.2% 3.2% 1.5%
141 Green Bay, WI 1.1% 1.6% 0.7%
142 Greensboro‐High Point, NC 0.7% 1.4% 0.2%
143 Greenville, NC 0.9% 1.5% 0.6%
144 Greenville‐Mauldin‐Easley, SC 2.0% 1.8% 0.6%
145 Gulfport‐Biloxi‐Pascagoula, MS 0.2% 0.9% 0.5%
146 Hagerstown‐Martinsburg, MD‐WV 0.5% 0.9% 0.2%
147 Hammond, LA 2.9% 1.1% 0.4%
148 Hanford‐Corcoran, CA 1.4% 1.6% 1.0%
149 Harrisburg‐Carlisle, PA 1.0% 1.1% 0.3%
150 Harrisonburg, VA 1.2% 1.1% 0.3%
151 Hartford‐West Hartford‐East Hartford, CT 0.9% 0.6% ‐0.2%
152 Hattiesburg, MS 1.6% 1.4% 0.5%
153 Hickory‐Lenoir‐Morganton, NC 1.5% 0.9% ‐0.3%
154 Hilton Head Island‐Bluffton‐Beaufort, SC 2.8% 2.4% 1.3%
155 Hinesville, GA 1.9% 1.8% 0.7%
156 Homosassa Springs, FL 0.2% 2.1% 1.4%
157 Hot Springs, AR 0.5% 0.5% ‐0.1%
158 Houma‐Thibodaux, LA ‐0.9% 1.6% 0.5%
159 Houston‐The Woodlands‐Sugar Land, TX 1.8% 2.7% 1.3%
160 Huntington‐Ashland, WV‐KY‐OH 0.0% 0.7% ‐0.1%
161 Huntsville, AL 2.4% 1.9% 1.2%
162 Idaho Falls, ID 2.8% 2.3% 1.0%
163 Indianapolis‐Carmel, IN 1.6% 1.8% 0.7%
164 Iowa City, IA 1.1% 1.0% 0.8%
165 Ithaca, NY 1.1% 0.5% 0.0%
166 Jackson, MI 1.0% 0.9% ‐0.2%
167 Jackson, MS 1.1% 1.3% 0.5%
168 Jackson, TN 1.0% 1.5% 0.3%
169 Jacksonville, FL 2.9% 2.2% 1.2%
170 Jacksonville, NC 0.8% 1.4% 0.3%
171 Janesville‐Beloit, WI 1.5% 1.1% 0.3%
172 Jefferson City, MO ‐0.2% 0.9% 0.5%
173 Johnson City, TN 0.2% 0.6% ‐0.3%
174 Johnstown, PA ‐0.3% 0.2% ‐0.5%
175 Jonesboro, AR 2.4% 1.1% 0.3%
176 Joplin, MO 0.7% 1.1% 0.5%
177 Kahului‐Wailuku‐Lahaina, HI 1.9% 1.2% 0.9%
178 Kalamazoo‐Portage, MI 1.2% 1.1% 0.1%
179 Kankakee, IL 2.7% 1.1% 0.3%
180 Kansas City, MO‐KS 1.7% 1.6% 0.6%
54
average annual rate
2017-2018 2019-2020 2021-2022
181 Kennewick‐Richland, WA 2.3% 1.5% 0.5%
182 Killeen‐Temple, TX 1.4% 1.8% 0.8%
183 Kingsport‐Bristol‐Bristol, TN‐VA 0.5% 0.8% ‐0.2%
184 Kingston, NY 0.5% 0.3% ‐0.2%
185 Knoxville, TN 1.1% 1.6% 0.4%
186 Kokomo, IN 2.1% 0.6% ‐0.6%
187 La Crosse‐Onalaska, WI‐MN 1.0% 1.0% 0.4%
188 Lafayette, LA ‐0.3% 1.4% 0.5%
189 Lafayette‐West Lafayette, IN 1.4% 1.0% 0.1%
190 Lake Charles, LA 4.2% 1.7% 0.5%
191 Lake Havasu City‐Kingman, AZ 2.8% 2.1% 1.4%
192 Lakeland‐Winter Haven, FL 2.5% 1.8% 0.7%
193 Lancaster, PA 1.6% 1.0% 0.3%
194 Lansing‐East Lansing, MI 1.6% 0.7% ‐0.1%
195 Laredo, TX 1.6% 2.4% 1.7%
196 Las Cruces, NM ‐0.7% 1.9% 1.3%
197 Las Vegas‐Henderson‐Paradise, NV 3.0% 2.6% 1.7%
198 Lawrence, KS 0.0% 1.0% 0.5%
199 Lawton, OK ‐0.1% 1.2% ‐0.1%
200 Lebanon, PA 1.0% 0.8% ‐0.2%
201 Lewiston, ID‐WA 2.6% 1.4% 0.8%
202 Lewiston‐Auburn, ME ‐0.1% 0.5% ‐0.2%
203 Lexington‐Fayette, KY 1.3% 1.6% 0.4%
204 Lima, OH 0.5% 0.5% ‐0.4%
205 Lincoln, NE 0.6% 1.3% 0.9%
206 Little Rock‐North Little Rock‐Conway, AR 1.0% 1.2% 0.3%
207 Logan, UT‐ID 2.3% 2.4% 1.4%
208 Longview, TX 0.4% 1.8% 0.7%
209 Longview, WA 1.7% 1.0% 0.1%
210 Los Angeles‐Long Beach‐Anaheim, CA 1.4% 1.2% 0.3%
211 Louisville‐Jefferson County, KY‐IN 1.2% 1.3% 0.2%
212 Lubbock, TX 1.6% 1.0% 0.3%
213 Lynchburg, VA 0.8% 0.6% 0.0%
214 Macon‐Bibb County, GA 0.4% 0.4% ‐0.5%
215 Madera, CA 2.9% 1.8% 1.3%
216 Madison, WI 1.1% 1.5% 0.9%
217 Manchester‐Nashua, NH 0.8% 1.2% 0.1%
218 Manhattan, KS 0.4% 0.5% 0.1%
219 Mankato‐North Mankato, MN 1.7% 0.9% 0.4%
220 Mansfield, OH 0.2% 0.4% ‐0.5%
221 McAllen‐Edinburg‐Mission, TX 2.0% 2.1% 1.5%
222 Medford, OR 2.6% 1.6% 0.8%
223 Memphis, TN‐MS‐AR 1.2% 1.2% 0.2%
224 Merced, CA 3.1% 1.9% 1.3%
225 Miami‐Fort Lauderdale‐West Palm Beach, FL 1.7% 1.9% 0.9%
55
average annual rate
2017-2018 2019-2020 2021-2022
226 Michigan City‐La Porte, IN ‐0.9% 0.6% ‐0.4%
227 Midland, MI ‐0.4% 1.1% ‐0.1%
228 Midland, TX 6.0% 3.5% 1.6%
229 Milwaukee‐Waukesha‐West Allis, WI 0.9% 0.9% 0.1%
230 Minneapolis‐St. Paul‐Bloomington, MN‐WI 1.4% 1.4% 0.6%
231 Missoula, MT 1.8% 1.6% 0.7%
232 Mobile, AL 0.9% 1.1% 0.2%
233 Modesto, CA 1.9% 1.6% 0.8%
234 Monroe, LA 0.0% 0.7% 0.0%
235 Monroe, MI 0.6% 1.1% 0.1%
236 Montgomery, AL 0.9% 1.1% 0.3%
237 Morgantown, WV 2.0% 0.9% 0.3%
238 Morristown, TN 1.4% 1.2% 0.0%
239 Mount Vernon‐Anacortes, WA 1.8% 1.4% 0.6%
240 Muncie, IN 0.6% 0.2% ‐0.5%
241 Muskegon, MI 1.2% 0.9% ‐0.2%
242 Myrtle Beach‐North Myrtle Beach‐Conway, SC‐NC 3.4% 2.6% 1.5%
243 Napa, CA 1.4% 1.4% 0.7%
244 Naples‐Immokalee‐Marco Island, FL 0.4% 2.7% 1.9%
245 Nashville‐Davidson‐‐Murfreesboro‐‐Franklin, TN 2.9% 2.4% 1.0%
246 New Bern, NC 0.1% 1.4% ‐0.2%
247 New Haven‐Milford, CT 0.4% 0.5% ‐0.2%
248 New Orleans‐Metairie, LA 0.3% 1.0% 0.2%
249 New York‐Newark‐Jersey City, NY‐NJ‐PA 1.5% 1.0% 0.1%
250 Niles‐Benton Harbor, MI 0.9% 0.5% ‐0.6%
251 North Port‐Sarasota‐Bradenton, FL 2.5% 2.2% 1.2%
252 Norwich‐New London, CT 1.0% 0.5% ‐0.2%
253 Ocala, FL 1.5% 2.2% 1.3%
254 Ocean City, NJ 2.3% 0.4% ‐0.1%
255 Odessa, TX 4.0% 1.9% 1.3%
256 Ogden‐Clearfield, UT 2.5% 2.3% 1.1%
257 Oklahoma City, OK 1.4% 1.8% 0.8%
258 Olympia‐Tumwater, WA 3.2% 1.5% 0.8%
259 Omaha‐Council Bluffs, NE‐IA 0.7% 1.2% 0.5%
260 Orlando‐Kissimmee‐Sanford, FL 3.5% 2.5% 1.6%
261 Oshkosh‐Neenah, WI 1.1% 1.7% 0.6%
262 Owensboro, KY 1.2% 1.2% 0.2%
263 Oxnard‐Thousand Oaks‐Ventura, CA 1.3% 1.6% 0.7%
264 Palm Bay‐Melbourne‐Titusville, FL 1.7% 1.9% 0.9%
265 Panama City, FL 1.5% 1.7% 0.9%
266 Parkersburg‐Vienna, WV ‐1.1% 0.4% ‐0.2%
267 Pensacola‐Ferry Pass‐Brent, FL 2.0% 1.1% 0.3%
268 Peoria, IL ‐0.1% 0.9% 0.0%
269 Philadelphia‐Camden‐Wilmington, PA‐NJ‐DE‐MD 1.2% 1.0% 0.1%
270 Phoenix‐Mesa‐Scottsdale, AZ 2.8% 2.7% 1.3%
56
average annual rate
2017-2018 2019-2020 2021-2022
271 Pine Bluff, AR ‐0.7% 0.4% ‐0.3%
272 Pittsburgh, PA 1.3% 0.7% ‐0.1%
273 Pittsfield, MA 0.2% 0.1% ‐0.5%
274 Pocatello, ID 2.4% 1.7% 0.9%
275 Port St. Lucie, FL 1.6% 1.9% 1.0%
276 Portland‐South Portland, ME 1.5% 0.8% 0.0%
277 Portland‐Vancouver‐Hillsboro, OR‐WA 2.3% 2.1% 0.8%
278 Prescott, AZ 2.3% 1.6% 0.7%
279 Providence‐Warwick, RI‐MA 1.2% 0.9% 0.0%
280 Provo‐Orem, UT 4.1% 2.8% 1.8%
281 Pueblo, CO 0.6% 1.3% 0.2%
282 Punta Gorda, FL 1.5% 2.2% 1.3%
283 Racine, WI 0.8% 1.1% 0.1%
284 Raleigh, NC 2.5% 2.5% 1.4%
285 Rapid City, SD 2.0% 1.6% 0.7%
286 Reading, PA 0.9% 1.1% 0.1%
287 Redding, CA 1.5% 0.8% 0.3%
288 Reno, NV 4.4% 2.6% 0.9%
289 Richmond, VA 1.0% 1.4% 0.6%
290 Riverside‐San Bernardino‐Ontario, CA 3.2% 2.3% 1.4%
291 Roanoke, VA ‐0.3% 0.4% ‐0.3%
292 Rochester, MN 0.8% 0.9% 0.5%
293 Rochester, NY 0.7% 0.5% ‐0.2%
294 Rockford, IL 0.6% 1.2% 0.3%
295 Rocky Mount, NC ‐1.2% 0.9% ‐0.2%
296 Rome, GA 1.1% 0.6% ‐0.2%
297 Sacramento‐‐Roseville‐‐Arden‐Arcade, CA 2.2% 2.0% 1.2%
298 Saginaw, MI ‐0.3% 0.6% ‐0.5%
299 Salem, OR 1.8% 1.7% 0.8%
300 Salinas, CA 2.3% 0.7% 0.1%
301 Salisbury, MD‐DE 1.1% 1.4% 0.6%
302 Salt Lake City, UT 2.5% 2.3% 1.2%
303 San Angelo, TX 1.1% 1.1% 0.2%
304 San Antonio‐New Braunfels, TX 2.3% 2.2% 1.2%
305 San Diego‐Carlsbad, CA 1.9% 1.8% 0.7%
306 San Francisco‐Oakland‐Hayward, CA 2.2% 1.9% 0.6%
307 San Jose‐Sunnyvale‐Santa Clara, CA 2.5% 1.9% 0.9%
308 San Luis Obispo‐Paso Robles‐Arroyo Grande, CA 2.0% 1.0% 0.5%
309 Santa Cruz‐Watsonville, CA 1.8% 0.8% 0.3%
310 Santa Fe, NM 0.2% 1.3% 0.9%
311 Santa Maria‐Santa Barbara, CA 1.2% 1.1% 0.5%
312 Santa Rosa, CA 2.0% 1.0% 0.3%
313 Savannah, GA 1.2% 1.2% 0.3%
314 Scranton‐‐Wilkes‐Barre‐‐Hazleton, PA 1.3% 0.7% ‐0.1%
315 Seattle‐Tacoma‐Bellevue, WA 2.7% 1.8% 0.7%
57
average annual rate
2017-2018 2019-2020 2021-2022
316 Sebastian‐Vero Beach, FL 1.6% 2.0% 1.1%
317 Sebring, FL ‐0.8% 1.7% 0.8%
318 Sheboygan, WI 1.8% 1.3% 0.2%
319 Sherman‐Denison, TX 1.7% 1.3% 0.3%
320 Shreveport‐Bossier City, LA ‐0.3% 0.7% 0.0%
321 Sierra Vista‐Douglas, AZ ‐0.9% 2.0% 0.5%
322 Sioux City, IA‐NE‐SD ‐0.5% 0.9% 0.1%
323 Sioux Falls, SD 1.4% 1.7% 0.7%
324 South Bend‐Mishawaka, IN‐MI 1.3% 0.6% ‐0.3%
325 Spartanburg, SC 3.2% 1.3% ‐0.1%
326 Spokane‐Spokane Valley, WA 1.0% 1.5% 0.6%
327 Springfield, IL ‐0.9% 0.7% 0.1%
328 Springfield, MA 1.1% 0.6% ‐0.1%
329 Springfield, MO 1.4% 0.9% 0.5%
330 Springfield, OH 0.3% 0.6% ‐0.5%
331 St. Cloud, MN 1.3% 1.1% 0.4%
332 St. George, UT 4.6% 3.3% 2.4%
333 St. Joseph, MO‐KS 0.6% 0.8% 0.3%
334 St. Louis, MO‐IL 0.9% 0.9% 0.1%
335 State College, PA 1.9% 0.9% 0.3%
336 Staunton‐Waynesboro, VA 0.3% 0.5% ‐0.1%
337 Stockton‐Lodi, CA 3.4% 1.7% 0.9%
338 Sumter, SC 0.8% 1.0% ‐0.1%
339 Syracuse, NY 0.2% 0.6% ‐0.2%
340 Tallahassee, FL 1.4% 1.4% 0.8%
341 Tampa‐St. Petersburg‐Clearwater, FL 2.6% 2.1% 1.0%
342 Terre Haute, IN ‐0.2% 0.3% ‐0.8%
343 Texarkana, TX‐AR 0.1% 0.7% ‐0.3%
344 The Villages, FL 2.6% 3.8% 2.0%
345 Toledo, OH 0.0% 0.6% ‐0.5%
346 Topeka, KS 0.0% 0.5% ‐0.1%
347 Trenton, NJ 1.8% 1.0% 0.2%
348 Tucson, AZ 1.6% 1.7% 0.7%
349 Tulsa, OK 1.1% 1.5% 0.4%
350 Tuscaloosa, AL 1.7% 1.2% 0.1%
351 Tyler, TX 1.6% 1.8% 0.9%
352 Urban Honolulu, HI 1.2% 0.8% 0.3%
353 Utica‐Rome, NY ‐0.2% 0.1% ‐0.5%
354 Valdosta, GA 0.7% 1.4% 0.6%
355 Vallejo‐Fairfield, CA 1.5% 1.6% 0.9%
356 Victoria, TX ‐0.7% 1.2% 0.4%
357 Vineland‐Bridgeton, NJ 1.1% 0.5% ‐0.2%
358 Virginia Beach‐Norfolk‐Newport News, VA‐NC 0.7% 1.0% 0.3%
359 Visalia‐Porterville, CA 2.5% 1.7% 1.1%
360 Waco, TX 1.4% 1.3% 0.3%
58
average annual rate
2017-2018 2019-2020 2021-2022
361 Walla Walla, WA 2.3% 0.8% ‐0.1%
362 Warner Robins, GA 1.4% 1.5% 0.6%
363 Washington‐Arlington‐Alexandria, DC‐VA‐MD‐WV 1.6% 1.5% 0.7%
364 Waterloo‐Cedar Falls, IA 0.2% 1.0% 0.2%
365 Watertown‐Fort Drum, NY 0.1% 0.4% ‐0.4%
366 Wausau, WI 1.4% 1.4% 0.4%
367 Weirton‐Steubenville, WV‐OH ‐1.2% 0.2% ‐0.6%
368 Wenatchee, WA 1.8% 1.0% 0.3%
369 Wheeling, WV‐OH ‐0.1% 0.6% ‐0.1%
370 Wichita Falls, TX 1.1% 0.7% ‐0.2%
371 Wichita, KS ‐0.2% 1.0% 0.1%
372 Williamsport, PA ‐0.2% 0.7% ‐0.2%
373 Wilmington, NC 1.8% 2.0% 1.0%
374 Winchester, VA‐WV 2.2% 1.2% 0.3%
375 Winston‐Salem, NC 0.9% 1.2% 0.2%
376 Worcester, MA‐CT 1.9% 0.9% 0.1%
377 Yakima, WA 2.8% 0.9% 0.0%
378 York‐Hanover, PA 1.0% 1.1% 0.1%
379 Youngstown‐Warren‐Boardman, OH‐PA ‐1.0% 0.4% ‐0.5%
380 Yuba City, CA 2.7% 1.1% 0.4%
381 Yuma, AZ 1.4% 2.2% 1.0%
59
Table 7: Real GMP Growth, 2017 to 2022
average annual rate
2017-2018 2019-2020 2021-2022
1 Abilene, TX 2.6% 2.2% 1.4%
2 Akron, OH 1.7% 1.6% 0.7%
3 Albany, GA 1.2% 1.3% 0.5%
4 Albany, OR 3.8% 2.7% 1.8%
5 Albany‐Schenectady‐Troy, NY 1.8% 1.8% 0.9%
6 Albuquerque, NM 2.5% 1.9% 1.6%
7 Alexandria, LA ‐1.2% 2.2% 1.6%
8 Allentown‐Bethlehem‐Easton, PA‐NJ 1.9% 1.9% 1.3%
9 Altoona, PA 0.8% 1.5% 0.9%
10 Amarillo, TX 1.8% 2.0% 1.3%
11 Ames, IA 2.0% 1.8% 1.5%
12 Anchorage, AK 1.5% 1.5% 1.6%
13 Ann Arbor, MI 2.8% 2.4% 1.5%
14 Anniston‐Oxford‐Jacksonville, AL 2.3% 1.5% 1.0%
15 Appleton, WI 1.8% 2.3% 1.4%
16 Asheville, NC 2.1% 2.3% 1.3%
17 Athens‐Clarke County, GA 2.6% 1.7% 1.1%
18 Atlanta‐Sandy Springs‐Roswell, GA 2.8% 2.8% 2.0%
19 Atlantic City‐Hammonton, NJ 0.9% 1.4% 0.8%
20 Auburn‐Opelika, AL 3.4% 1.9% 1.5%
21 Augusta‐Richmond County, GA‐SC 2.1% 2.0% 1.2%
22 Austin‐Round Rock, TX 4.9% 3.4% 2.9%
23 Bakersfield, CA 1.7% 3.6% 2.7%
24 Baltimore‐Columbia‐Towson, MD 2.0% 2.4% 2.0%
25 Bangor, ME 0.6% 0.6% 0.2%
26 Barnstable Town, MA 1.7% 1.9% 1.1%
27 Baton Rouge, LA 1.9% 2.8% 2.6%
28 Battle Creek, MI 1.8% 2.5% 1.0%
29 Bay City, MI 1.2% 1.6% 0.6%
30 Beaumont‐Port Arthur, TX 1.6% 2.7% 1.7%
31 Beckley, WV 1.2% 1.1% 0.8%
32 Bellingham, WA 2.8% 2.9% 2.3%
33 Bend‐Redmond, OR 4.2% 3.2% 2.1%
34 Billings, MT 1.8% 1.9% 1.3%
35 Binghamton, NY 0.9% 0.8% 0.1%
36 Birmingham‐Hoover, AL 2.2% 1.7% 1.3%
37 Bismarck, ND ‐0.4% 1.1% 1.4%
38 Blacksburg‐Christiansburg‐Radford, VA 0.5% 1.6% 0.9%
39 Bloomington, IN 0.8% 2.0% 1.3%
40 Bloomington‐Normal, IL 1.3% 1.9% 1.3%
41 Bloomsburg‐Berwick, PA 0.9% 1.6% 1.0%
42 Boise City, ID 3.7% 3.1% 2.2%
43 Boston‐Cambridge‐Newton, MA‐NH 2.6% 2.5% 1.7%
44 Boulder, CO 3.2% 2.7% 1.7%
45 Bowling Green, KY 2.8% 2.2% 1.2%
60
average annual rate
2017-2018 2019-2020 2021-2022
46 Bremerton‐Silverdale, WA 1.7% 2.9% 2.0%
47 Bridgeport‐Stamford‐Norwalk, CT 0.8% 2.5% 1.9%
48 Brownsville‐Harlingen, TX 1.9% 2.4% 2.1%
49 Brunswick, GA 1.3% 1.4% 0.6%
50 Buffalo‐Cheektowaga‐Niagara Falls, NY 1.3% 1.4% 0.4%
51 Burlington, NC 0.8% 2.0% 1.0%
52 Burlington‐South Burlington, VT 1.5% 2.1% 1.4%
53 California‐Lexington Park, MD 6.5% 0.5% 1.3%
54 Canton‐Massillon, OH 1.7% 1.8% 0.9%
55 Cape Coral‐Fort Myers, FL 3.5% 4.0% 2.9%
56 Cape Girardeau, MO‐IL 1.3% 2.2% 2.1%
57 Carbondale‐Marion, IL 0.5% 1.3% 0.6%
58 Carson City, NV 2.3% 2.4% 1.6%
59 Casper, WY 3.0% 3.5% 1.3%
60 Cedar Rapids, IA 0.7% 1.8% 1.5%
61 Chambersburg‐Waynesboro, PA 1.4% 1.7% 1.0%
62 Champaign‐Urbana, IL 1.1% 1.2% 0.7%
63 Charleston, WV 2.1% 1.2% 0.8%
64 Charleston‐North Charleston, SC 3.0% 3.2% 2.3%
65 Charlotte‐Concord‐Gastonia, NC‐SC 3.5% 3.3% 2.3%
66 Charlottesville, VA 3.4% 2.4% 1.8%
67 Chattanooga, TN‐GA 2.3% 2.3% 1.3%
68 Cheyenne, WY 3.0% 2.5% 1.0%
69 Chicago‐Naperville‐Elgin, IL‐IN‐WI 1.6% 1.9% 1.0%
70 Chico, CA 2.8% 2.6% 1.7%
71 Cincinnati, OH‐KY‐IN 2.8% 2.1% 1.1%
72 Clarksville, TN‐KY 1.7% 2.4% 1.4%
73 Cleveland, TN 1.1% 2.4% 1.4%
74 Cleveland‐Elyria, OH 2.0% 1.7% 0.7%
75 Coeur dÀlene, ID 3.5% 3.3% 2.6%
76 College Station‐Bryan, TX 4.9% 2.8% 2.1%
77 Colorado Springs, CO 3.3% 3.1% 2.1%
78 Columbia, MO 1.4% 2.4% 2.2%
79 Columbia, SC 2.1% 2.8% 2.0%
80 Columbus, GA‐AL 1.7% 2.2% 1.4%
81 Columbus, IN 2.2% 2.0% 0.5%
82 Columbus, OH 3.1% 2.6% 1.7%
83 Corpus Christi, TX 1.9% 3.5% 2.4%
84 Corvallis, OR 3.1% 2.2% 1.5%
85 Crestview‐Fort Walton Beach‐Destin, FL 3.2% 3.4% 2.5%
86 Cumberland, MD‐WV 6.7% 0.9% 0.5%
87 Dallas‐Fort Worth‐Arlington, TX 4.6% 3.1% 2.3%
88 Dalton, GA 0.5% 1.8% 0.9%
89 Danville, IL ‐0.5% 1.6% 0.7%
90 Daphne‐Fairhope‐Foley, AL 3.5% 2.1% 1.8%
61
average annual rate
2017-2018 2019-2020 2021-2022
91 Davenport‐Moline‐Rock Island, IA‐IL 0.9% 1.4% 1.0%
92 Dayton, OH 2.2% 1.7% 0.9%
93 Decatur, AL 2.7% 2.2% 1.5%
94 Decatur, IL 1.0% 1.3% 0.4%
95 Deltona‐Daytona Beach‐Ormond Beach, FL 3.3% 3.1% 2.2%
96 Denver‐Aurora‐Lakewood, CO 3.0% 2.8% 2.1%
97 Des Moines‐West Des Moines, IA 2.3% 2.5% 2.3%
98 Detroit‐Warren‐Dearborn, MI 3.1% 1.9% 0.7%
99 Dothan, AL 2.4% 1.7% 1.4%
100 Dover, DE 1.8% 2.0% 1.6%
101 Dubuque, IA 1.2% 1.7% 1.4%
102 Duluth, MN‐WI 1.8% 1.3% 0.9%
103 Durham‐Chapel Hill, NC 3.1% 4.0% 2.8%
104 East Stroudsburg, PA 1.6% 1.8% 1.2%
105 Eau Claire, WI 1.5% 1.9% 1.2%
106 El Centro, CA 1.4% 3.2% 2.4%
107 El Paso, TX 3.5% 2.0% 1.5%
108 Elizabethtown, KY 1.9% 2.5% 1.3%
109 Elkhart‐Goshen, IN 6.2% 2.4% 0.8%
110 Elmira, NY 0.8% 1.1% 0.3%
111 Erie, PA 0.4% 1.4% 0.8%
112 Eugene, OR 2.3% 2.0% 1.3%
113 Evansville, IN‐KY 2.4% 1.9% 1.0%
114 Fairbanks, AK 3.5% 2.4% 1.8%
115 Fargo, ND‐MN 0.4% 1.6% 1.5%
116 Farmington, NM 2.2% 1.4% 2.2%
117 Fayetteville, NC 0.7% 2.3% 1.5%
118 Fayetteville‐Springdale‐Rogers, AR‐MO 4.9% 4.1% 3.2%
119 Flagstaff, AZ 2.5% 3.1% 2.0%
120 Flint, MI 1.5% 1.0% 0.2%
121 Florence, SC 1.6% 1.8% 1.2%
122 Florence‐Muscle Shoals, AL 1.7% 1.5% 1.0%
123 Fond du Lac, WI 1.8% 2.1% 1.2%
124 Fort Collins, CO 4.8% 4.0% 2.7%
125 Fort Smith, AR‐OK 1.1% 2.1% 1.2%
126 Fort Wayne, IN 2.0% 1.9% 1.1%
127 Fresno, CA 2.4% 3.0% 2.1%
128 Gadsden, AL 1.5% 1.2% 0.7%
129 Gainesville, FL 3.1% 2.5% 1.8%
130 Gainesville, GA 3.4% 2.4% 1.6%
131 Gettysburg, PA 2.3% 1.9% 1.1%
132 Glens Falls, NY 1.7% 1.2% 0.5%
133 Goldsboro, NC ‐0.1% 1.7% 0.8%
134 Grand Forks, ND‐MN 0.7% 1.0% 1.1%
135 Grand Island, NE 1.1% 2.0% 1.3%
62
average annual rate
2017-2018 2019-2020 2021-2022
136 Grand Junction, CO 4.7% 4.6% 3.1%
137 Grand Rapids‐Wyoming, MI 3.5% 2.4% 1.2%
138 Grants Pass, OR 2.3% 2.8% 1.9%
139 Great Falls, MT 2.0% 1.5% 1.0%
140 Greeley, CO 6.3% 5.3% 3.2%
141 Green Bay, WI 1.8% 2.3% 1.5%
142 Greensboro‐High Point, NC 1.1% 1.9% 1.1%
143 Greenville, NC 1.3% 2.2% 1.3%
144 Greenville‐Mauldin‐Easley, SC 2.2% 2.3% 1.5%
145 Gulfport‐Biloxi‐Pascagoula, MS 1.1% 1.9% 1.7%
146 Hagerstown‐Martinsburg, MD‐WV 4.9% 1.5% 1.1%
147 Hammond, LA 4.1% 2.6% 2.1%
148 Hanford‐Corcoran, CA 1.5% 2.9% 2.1%
149 Harrisburg‐Carlisle, PA 1.8% 2.0% 1.5%
150 Harrisonburg, VA 1.7% 2.2% 1.3%
151 Hartford‐West Hartford‐East Hartford, CT 0.7% 1.9% 1.3%
152 Hattiesburg, MS 2.6% 2.4% 1.5%
153 Hickory‐Lenoir‐Morganton, NC 1.5% 1.6% 0.5%
154 Hilton Head Island‐Bluffton‐Beaufort, SC 3.1% 3.1% 2.1%
155 Hinesville, GA 1.9% 2.8% 1.9%
156 Homosassa Springs, FL 2.1% 3.2% 2.4%
157 Hot Springs, AR 2.0% 1.4% 0.8%
158 Houma‐Thibodaux, LA 1.0% 2.9% 2.2%
159 Houston‐The Woodlands‐Sugar Land, TX 3.6% 4.1% 2.8%
160 Huntington‐Ashland, WV‐KY‐OH 2.1% 0.9% 0.6%
161 Huntsville, AL 3.6% 2.7% 2.9%
162 Idaho Falls, ID 3.2% 3.0% 1.9%
163 Indianapolis‐Carmel, IN 2.7% 2.8% 2.1%
164 Iowa City, IA 1.2% 1.6% 1.5%
165 Ithaca, NY 1.8% 1.2% 0.5%
166 Jackson, MI 2.5% 1.9% 0.7%
167 Jackson, MS 2.1% 2.3% 1.6%
168 Jackson, TN 1.6% 2.3% 1.3%
169 Jacksonville, FL 3.6% 3.0% 2.3%
170 Jacksonville, NC 1.7% 2.6% 1.7%
171 Janesville‐Beloit, WI 3.1% 1.9% 1.2%
172 Jefferson City, MO 0.6% 2.1% 2.0%
173 Johnson City, TN 1.4% 1.5% 0.8%
174 Johnstown, PA 0.1% 1.0% 0.5%
175 Jonesboro, AR 3.3% 1.8% 1.1%
176 Joplin, MO 1.0% 2.3% 1.8%
177 Kahului‐Wailuku‐Lahaina, HI 2.3% 1.3% 1.5%
178 Kalamazoo‐Portage, MI 2.6% 2.1% 1.0%
179 Kankakee, IL 3.2% 1.9% 1.1%
180 Kansas City, MO‐KS 1.9% 2.4% 1.9%
63
average annual rate
2017-2018 2019-2020 2021-2022
181 Kennewick‐Richland, WA 2.3% 2.6% 1.8%
182 Killeen‐Temple, TX 1.9% 2.7% 2.0%
183 Kingsport‐Bristol‐Bristol, TN‐VA 1.1% 1.9% 0.9%
184 Kingston, NY 1.6% 1.0% 0.4%
185 Knoxville, TN 2.3% 2.6% 1.6%
186 Kokomo, IN 4.0% 2.2% 1.0%
187 La Crosse‐Onalaska, WI‐MN 2.2% 1.6% 1.0%
188 Lafayette, LA 0.8% 3.4% 2.6%
189 Lafayette‐West Lafayette, IN 2.6% 2.0% 1.3%
190 Lake Charles, LA 7.1% 3.5% 2.2%
191 Lake Havasu City‐Kingman, AZ 3.7% 3.5% 2.5%
192 Lakeland‐Winter Haven, FL 3.3% 2.6% 1.6%
193 Lancaster, PA 2.1% 2.0% 1.4%
194 Lansing‐East Lansing, MI 3.2% 1.8% 0.8%
195 Laredo, TX 3.6% 3.3% 2.9%
196 Las Cruces, NM 0.5% 2.3% 2.4%
197 Las Vegas‐Henderson‐Paradise, NV 3.1% 3.6% 2.6%
198 Lawrence, KS 0.5% 1.5% 0.7%
199 Lawton, OK 0.4% 2.1% 1.0%
200 Lebanon, PA 1.5% 1.7% 0.9%
201 Lewiston, ID‐WA 2.3% 2.5% 2.0%
202 Lewiston‐Auburn, ME 1.2% 1.1% 0.6%
203 Lexington‐Fayette, KY 2.2% 2.0% 1.1%
204 Lima, OH 1.8% 2.0% 1.0%
205 Lincoln, NE 0.9% 2.1% 1.9%
206 Little Rock‐North Little Rock‐Conway, AR 2.7% 1.9% 1.3%
207 Logan, UT‐ID 2.4% 3.0% 2.4%
208 Longview, TX 2.6% 4.0% 2.6%
209 Longview, WA 1.5% 2.1% 1.4%
210 Los Angeles‐Long Beach‐Anaheim, CA 2.1% 2.5% 1.5%
211 Louisville‐Jefferson County, KY‐IN 2.4% 1.9% 1.1%
212 Lubbock, TX 2.4% 1.7% 1.1%
213 Lynchburg, VA 1.5% 1.8% 1.1%
214 Macon‐Bibb County, GA 0.7% 0.8% 0.0%
215 Madera, CA 2.3% 3.0% 2.3%
216 Madison, WI 2.8% 2.7% 2.1%
217 Manchester‐Nashua, NH 2.1% 2.4% 1.6%
218 Manhattan, KS 0.7% 0.8% 0.2%
219 Mankato‐North Mankato, MN 2.3% 1.9% 1.4%
220 Mansfield, OH 1.5% 1.7% 0.6%
221 McAllen‐Edinburg‐Mission, TX 3.8% 2.4% 2.3%
222 Medford, OR 3.1% 2.7% 1.9%
223 Memphis, TN‐MS‐AR 1.4% 2.1% 1.4%
224 Merced, CA 2.7% 2.8% 2.0%
225 Miami‐Fort Lauderdale‐West Palm Beach, FL 2.7% 2.8% 1.9%
64
average annual rate
2017-2018 2019-2020 2021-2022
226 Michigan City‐La Porte, IN 0.5% 1.7% 0.9%
227 Midland, MI 1.2% 2.2% 1.1%
228 Midland, TX 7.6% 6.9% 4.7%
229 Milwaukee‐Waukesha‐West Allis, WI 2.1% 1.8% 1.2%
230 Minneapolis‐St. Paul‐Bloomington, MN‐WI 2.8% 2.5% 1.8%
231 Missoula, MT 3.1% 2.0% 1.5%
232 Mobile, AL 2.1% 1.8% 1.4%
233 Modesto, CA 2.5% 3.1% 2.0%
234 Monroe, LA 0.6% 2.0% 1.3%
235 Monroe, MI 2.0% 2.0% 1.1%
236 Montgomery, AL 2.1% 1.7% 1.4%
237 Morgantown, WV 4.5% 1.9% 1.4%
238 Morristown, TN 2.6% 2.5% 1.6%
239 Mount Vernon‐Anacortes, WA 2.2% 2.6% 2.1%
240 Muncie, IN 1.5% 1.0% 0.6%
241 Muskegon, MI 2.8% 2.3% 0.9%
242 Myrtle Beach‐North Myrtle Beach‐Conway, SC‐NC 3.9% 3.2% 2.3%
243 Napa, CA 2.2% 2.2% 1.3%
244 Naples‐Immokalee‐Marco Island, FL 2.3% 4.0% 3.0%
245 Nashville‐Davidson‐‐Murfreesboro‐‐Franklin, TN 3.5% 3.2% 2.2%
246 New Bern, NC 0.5% 2.2% 0.8%
247 New Haven‐Milford, CT 0.8% 2.1% 1.5%
248 New Orleans‐Metairie, LA 1.5% 2.2% 1.9%
249 New York‐Newark‐Jersey City, NY‐NJ‐PA 2.0% 2.1% 1.3%
250 Niles‐Benton Harbor, MI 2.4% 1.9% 0.6%
251 North Port‐Sarasota‐Bradenton, FL 3.2% 3.0% 2.0%
252 Norwich‐New London, CT 1.3% 2.1% 1.5%
253 Ocala, FL 3.0% 3.6% 2.7%
254 Ocean City, NJ 2.3% 1.7% 1.2%
255 Odessa, TX 5.8% 5.9% 3.5%
256 Ogden‐Clearfield, UT 3.2% 3.4% 2.6%
257 Oklahoma City, OK 2.9% 2.9% 2.1%
258 Olympia‐Tumwater, WA 3.6% 2.3% 2.0%
259 Omaha‐Council Bluffs, NE‐IA 1.1% 1.9% 1.9%
260 Orlando‐Kissimmee‐Sanford, FL 3.9% 3.3% 2.5%
261 Oshkosh‐Neenah, WI 2.1% 2.4% 1.4%
262 Owensboro, KY 2.6% 2.2% 1.2%
263 Oxnard‐Thousand Oaks‐Ventura, CA 2.2% 2.9% 1.8%
264 Palm Bay‐Melbourne‐Titusville, FL 3.5% 3.6% 2.6%
265 Panama City, FL 2.5% 3.0% 2.3%
266 Parkersburg‐Vienna, WV 0.4% 1.1% 0.9%
267 Pensacola‐Ferry Pass‐Brent, FL 2.8% 2.2% 1.4%
268 Peoria, IL 0.8% 1.8% 1.0%
269 Philadelphia‐Camden‐Wilmington, PA‐NJ‐DE‐MD 2.3% 2.0% 1.4%
270 Phoenix‐Mesa‐Scottsdale, AZ 3.4% 3.8% 2.5%
65
average annual rate
2017-2018 2019-2020 2021-2022
271 Pine Bluff, AR 0.4% 1.3% 0.4%
272 Pittsburgh, PA 1.9% 1.7% 1.1%
273 Pittsfield, MA 0.8% 0.7% 0.0%
274 Pocatello, ID 2.3% 2.4% 1.6%
275 Port St. Lucie, FL 2.8% 3.0% 2.1%
276 Portland‐South Portland, ME 2.5% 1.6% 1.0%
277 Portland‐Vancouver‐Hillsboro, OR‐WA 2.9% 3.0% 1.9%
278 Prescott, AZ 3.1% 3.2% 2.0%
279 Providence‐Warwick, RI‐MA 1.8% 1.9% 1.1%
280 Provo‐Orem, UT 4.6% 4.4% 3.3%
281 Pueblo, CO 2.5% 2.8% 1.7%
282 Punta Gorda, FL 3.1% 3.5% 2.6%
283 Racine, WI 1.8% 2.0% 1.0%
284 Raleigh, NC 3.7% 4.0% 3.0%
285 Rapid City, SD 1.4% 2.6% 1.9%
286 Reading, PA 1.5% 2.1% 1.2%
287 Redding, CA 3.0% 2.5% 1.5%
288 Reno, NV 4.1% 3.5% 1.9%
289 Richmond, VA 2.0% 2.3% 1.5%
290 Riverside‐San Bernardino‐Ontario, CA 3.1% 3.5% 2.3%
291 Roanoke, VA 0.5% 1.5% 0.8%
292 Rochester, MN 1.6% 1.7% 1.2%
293 Rochester, NY 1.1% 1.4% 0.5%
294 Rockford, IL 1.3% 2.1% 1.1%
295 Rocky Mount, NC ‐1.4% 1.8% 0.7%
296 Rome, GA 0.7% 0.9% 0.3%
297 Sacramento‐‐Roseville‐‐Arden‐Arcade, CA 2.6% 3.6% 2.4%
298 Saginaw, MI 0.5% 1.4% 0.6%
299 Salem, OR 2.4% 2.6% 1.8%
300 Salinas, CA 1.7% 2.2% 1.5%
301 Salisbury, MD‐DE 2.2% 2.2% 1.7%
302 Salt Lake City, UT 3.3% 3.5% 2.5%
303 San Angelo, TX 3.1% 2.4% 1.4%
304 San Antonio‐New Braunfels, TX 3.4% 2.5% 2.2%
305 San Diego‐Carlsbad, CA 3.0% 3.2% 2.1%
306 San Francisco‐Oakland‐Hayward, CA 3.8% 3.4% 2.2%
307 San Jose‐Sunnyvale‐Santa Clara, CA 3.5% 3.1% 2.3%
308 San Luis Obispo‐Paso Robles‐Arroyo Grande, CA 2.9% 2.5% 1.6%
309 Santa Cruz‐Watsonville, CA 2.6% 2.1% 1.2%
310 Santa Fe, NM 3.2% 2.3% 2.3%
311 Santa Maria‐Santa Barbara, CA 1.9% 2.3% 1.4%
312 Santa Rosa, CA 2.9% 2.2% 1.2%
313 Savannah, GA 1.3% 1.7% 0.8%
314 Scranton‐‐Wilkes‐Barre‐‐Hazleton, PA 1.5% 1.8% 1.1%
315 Seattle‐Tacoma‐Bellevue, WA 4.0% 2.8% 2.0%
66
average annual rate
2017-2018 2019-2020 2021-2022
316 Sebastian‐Vero Beach, FL 3.2% 3.5% 2.6%
317 Sebring, FL 1.0% 2.9% 2.0%
318 Sheboygan, WI 2.8% 2.3% 1.3%
319 Sherman‐Denison, TX 2.5% 1.8% 1.2%
320 Shreveport‐Bossier City, LA 0.6% 2.2% 1.6%
321 Sierra Vista‐Douglas, AZ 0.7% 2.9% 1.7%
322 Sioux City, IA‐NE‐SD 0.0% 1.9% 1.2%
323 Sioux Falls, SD 1.5% 2.9% 2.2%
324 South Bend‐Mishawaka, IN‐MI 2.4% 1.7% 1.0%
325 Spartanburg, SC 3.9% 2.2% 1.4%
326 Spokane‐Spokane Valley, WA 3.2% 2.7% 1.7%
327 Springfield, IL ‐0.2% 1.1% 0.6%
328 Springfield, MA 1.8% 1.4% 0.6%
329 Springfield, MO 2.1% 2.0% 1.9%
330 Springfield, OH 1.8% 1.9% 0.7%
331 St. Cloud, MN 2.5% 2.4% 1.7%
332 St. George, UT 5.2% 4.2% 3.4%
333 St. Joseph, MO‐KS 1.1% 2.0% 1.5%
334 St. Louis, MO‐IL 1.3% 1.6% 1.2%
335 State College, PA 2.1% 1.9% 1.2%
336 Staunton‐Waynesboro, VA 0.6% 1.4% 0.6%
337 Stockton‐Lodi, CA 3.1% 3.1% 1.9%
338 Sumter, SC 1.7% 2.2% 1.3%
339 Syracuse, NY 1.0% 1.4% 0.5%
340 Tallahassee, FL 2.9% 2.6% 1.9%
341 Tampa‐St. Petersburg‐Clearwater, FL 3.2% 3.1% 2.2%
342 Terre Haute, IN 0.2% 1.4% 0.5%
343 Texarkana, TX‐AR 1.5% 1.7% 1.0%
344 The Villages, FL 4.2% 5.3% 3.9%
345 Toledo, OH 1.6% 1.8% 0.7%
346 Topeka, KS 0.4% 0.8% 0.1%
347 Trenton, NJ 2.0% 2.0% 1.3%
348 Tucson, AZ 2.1% 3.0% 1.9%
349 Tulsa, OK 1.2% 2.1% 1.4%
350 Tuscaloosa, AL 3.0% 2.1% 1.4%
351 Tyler, TX 1.7% 2.4% 1.9%
352 Urban Honolulu, HI 1.2% 1.2% 1.2%
353 Utica‐Rome, NY 0.9% 0.8% 0.2%
354 Valdosta, GA 1.7% 1.9% 1.1%
355 Vallejo‐Fairfield, CA 3.3% 3.4% 2.3%
356 Victoria, TX 0.5% 3.4% 2.2%
357 Vineland‐Bridgeton, NJ 0.9% 1.3% 0.9%
358 Virginia Beach‐Norfolk‐Newport News, VA‐NC 1.6% 2.1% 1.6%
359 Visalia‐Porterville, CA 2.0% 3.0% 2.3%
360 Waco, TX 2.6% 2.1% 1.4%
67
average annual rate
2017-2018 2019-2020 2021-2022
361 Walla Walla, WA 1.3% 2.1% 1.5%
362 Warner Robins, GA 2.2% 2.3% 1.9%
363 Washington‐Arlington‐Alexandria, DC‐VA‐MD‐WV 2.3% 2.4% 2.0%
364 Waterloo‐Cedar Falls, IA 0.8% 1.8% 1.3%
365 Watertown‐Fort Drum, NY 1.2% 1.8% 0.7%
366 Wausau, WI 2.2% 2.2% 1.4%
367 Weirton‐Steubenville, WV‐OH 1.0% 1.3% 0.4%
368 Wenatchee, WA 1.2% 2.1% 1.7%
369 Wheeling, WV‐OH 2.3% 1.6% 1.1%
370 Wichita Falls, TX 2.1% 2.1% 1.1%
371 Wichita, KS 0.0% 1.5% 0.7%
372 Williamsport, PA 0.5% 1.7% 1.0%
373 Wilmington, NC 2.1% 3.0% 2.0%
374 Winchester, VA‐WV 3.8% 2.2% 1.3%
375 Winston‐Salem, NC 1.3% 2.2% 1.1%
376 Worcester, MA‐CT 2.2% 1.8% 1.0%
377 Yakima, WA 2.6% 2.3% 1.7%
378 York‐Hanover, PA 1.7% 2.1% 1.3%
379 Youngstown‐Warren‐Boardman, OH‐PA 0.2% 1.2% 0.3%
380 Yuba City, CA 3.1% 2.9% 1.9%
381 Yuma, AZ 2.4% 3.5% 2.0%
68
Table 8: Unemployment Rate
2016 2018 2020

1 Abilene, TX 3.9 3.2 2.3
2 Akron, OH 5.0 4.1 3.8
3 Albany, GA 6.3 5.0 4.6
4 Albany, OR 5.8 4.3 3.7
5 Albany‐Schenectady‐Troy, NY 4.1 4.3 3.5
6 Albuquerque, NM 6.1 4.8 4.1
7 Alexandria, LA 6.3 4.5 4.1
8 Allentown‐Bethlehem‐Easton, PA‐NJ 5.3 4.5 4.0
9 Altoona, PA 5.3 4.1 3.8
10 Amarillo, TX 3.1 2.6 1.8
11 Ames, IA 2.4 1.8 2.0
12 Anchorage, AK 5.9 6.4 5.7
13 Ann Arbor, MI 3.4 3.5 3.1
14 Anniston‐Oxford‐Jacksonville, AL 6.7 4.3 4.3
15 Appleton, WI 3.6 2.4 2.7
16 Asheville, NC 4.1 3.2 2.9
17 Athens‐Clarke County, GA 5.2 4.0 3.6
18 Atlanta‐Sandy Springs‐Roswell, GA 5.1 4.1 3.6
19 Atlantic City‐Hammonton, NJ 7.4 6.1 5.3
20 Auburn‐Opelika, AL 5.3 3.4 3.4
21 Augusta‐Richmond County, GA‐SC 5.6 4.7 4.2
22 Austin‐Round Rock, TX 3.2 2.9 2.8
23 Bakersfield, CA 10.3 8.0 7.2
24 Baltimore‐Columbia‐Towson, MD 4.4 4.2 3.8
25 Bangor, ME 4.3 3.3 3.3
26 Barnstable Town, MA 4.9 4.1 4.0
27 Baton Rouge, LA 5.2 3.7 3.6
28 Battle Creek, MI 4.6 4.6 4.0
29 Bay City, MI 5.2 5.3 4.4
30 Beaumont‐Port Arthur, TX 6.9 6.4 4.8
31 Beckley, WV 7.2 5.2 4.4
32 Bellingham, WA 6.0 4.7 4.3
33 Bend‐Redmond, OR 4.9 3.9 3.5
34 Billings, MT 3.6 3.6 2.8
35 Binghamton, NY 5.3 5.4 4.7
36 Birmingham‐Hoover, AL 5.6 3.2 3.3
37 Bismarck, ND 2.9 2.8 2.9
38 Blacksburg‐Christiansburg‐Radford, VA 4.5 3.3 3.2
39 Bloomington, IN 5.2 3.4 3.2
40 Bloomington‐Normal, IL 4.7 3.3 3.1
41 Bloomsburg‐Berwick, PA 5.3 4.8 4.1
42 Boise City, ID 3.7 2.8 2.9
43 Boston‐Cambridge‐Newton, MA‐NH 3.5 3.0 3.0
44 Boulder, CO 2.7 2.6 2.6
45 Bowling Green, KY 4.1 3.4 3.7
69
2016 2018 2020

46 Bremerton‐Silverdale, WA 5.8 4.8 4.4
47 Bridgeport‐Stamford‐Norwalk, CT 4.9 4.2 3.8
48 Brownsville‐Harlingen, TX 7.2 5.9 4.6
49 Brunswick, GA 5.6 4.1 3.6
50 Buffalo‐Cheektowaga‐Niagara Falls, NY 5.1 5.4 4.5
51 Burlington, NC 4.7 3.9 3.4
52 Burlington‐South Burlington, VT 2.6 2.3 2.4
53 California‐Lexington Park, MD 4.1 4.0 3.7
54 Canton‐Massillon, OH 5.5 4.4 3.9
55 Cape Coral‐Fort Myers, FL 4.6 3.5 3.4
56 Cape Girardeau, MO‐IL 4.6 3.4 3.2
57 Carbondale‐Marion, IL 5.8 3.9 3.8
58 Carson City, NV 6.1 4.7 3.9
59 Casper, WY 7.1 4.5 3.7
60 Cedar Rapids, IA 3.8 3.1 3.2
61 Chambersburg‐Waynesboro, PA 5.2 3.9 3.5
62 Champaign‐Urbana, IL 5.1 3.6 3.4
63 Charleston, WV 5.8 4.9 4.1
64 Charleston‐North Charleston, SC 4.1 3.8 3.2
65 Charlotte‐Concord‐Gastonia, NC‐SC 4.8 4.0 3.6
66 Charlottesville, VA 3.5 3.0 2.8
67 Chattanooga, TN‐GA 5.0 3.7 3.7
68 Cheyenne, WY 4.1 3.4 2.9
69 Chicago‐Naperville‐Elgin, IL‐IN‐WI 5.8 4.7 4.5
70 Chico, CA 6.5 4.8 5.3
71 Cincinnati, OH‐KY‐IN 4.3 3.5 3.4
72 Clarksville, TN‐KY 5.4 4.0 4.1
73 Cleveland, TN 4.7 3.5 3.7
74 Cleveland‐Elyria, OH 5.4 4.9 4.1
75 Coeur dÀlene, ID 4.8 3.4 3.3
76 College Station‐Bryan, TX 3.6 2.8 2.0
77 Colorado Springs, CO 3.8 3.5 3.4
78 Columbia, MO 3.3 2.5 2.5
79 Columbia, SC 4.5 4.3 3.6
80 Columbus, GA‐AL 6.4 5.1 4.6
81 Columbus, IN 3.4 2.2 2.3
82 Columbus, OH 4.1 3.3 3.2
83 Corpus Christi, TX 6.0 5.1 3.7
84 Corvallis, OR 3.9 2.8 2.5
85 Crestview‐Fort Walton Beach‐Destin, FL 4.1 2.9 2.7
86 Cumberland, MD‐WV 6.0 5.3 4.9
87 Dallas‐Fort Worth‐Arlington, TX 3.9 3.4 3.3
88 Dalton, GA 6.1 5.4 4.4
89 Danville, IL 7.2 5.1 4.8
90 Daphne‐Fairhope‐Foley, AL 5.4 3.2 3.1
70
2016 2018 2020

91 Davenport‐Moline‐Rock Island, IA‐IL 5.5 3.7 3.5
92 Dayton, OH 4.7 3.7 3.6
93 Decatur, AL 5.9 3.4 3.5
94 Decatur, IL 6.6 4.7 4.4
95 Deltona‐Daytona Beach‐Ormond Beach, FL 5.2 3.9 3.7
96 Denver‐Aurora‐Lakewood, CO 3.1 2.8 2.9
97 Des Moines‐West Des Moines, IA 3.4 2.7 2.7
98 Detroit‐Warren‐Dearborn, MI 5.3 4.2 3.8
99 Dothan, AL 6.0 3.9 3.8
100 Dover, DE 4.7 4.4 3.8
101 Dubuque, IA 3.6 2.7 2.7
102 Duluth, MN‐WI 5.7 4.0 4.1
103 Durham‐Chapel Hill, NC 4.5 3.7 3.1
104 East Stroudsburg, PA 6.3 5.6 4.9
105 Eau Claire, WI 3.8 2.4 2.7
106 El Centro, CA 23.6 18.1 16.8
107 El Paso, TX 4.9 4.4 4.5
108 Elizabethtown, KY 4.5 3.7 4.1
109 Elkhart‐Goshen, IN 3.5 2.2 2.5
110 Elmira, NY 5.7 5.2 4.5
111 Erie, PA 6.6 5.1 4.4
112 Eugene, OR 5.2 3.9 3.6
113 Evansville, IN‐KY 4.2 2.7 2.8
114 Fairbanks, AK 5.6 6.1 5.4
115 Fargo, ND‐MN 2.6 2.4 2.4
116 Farmington, NM 8.9 5.7 4.6
117 Fayetteville, NC 6.4 5.4 4.7
118 Fayetteville‐Springdale‐Rogers, AR‐MO 2.9 2.8 2.8
119 Flagstaff, AZ 5.9 5.3 4.2
120 Flint, MI 5.4 5.6 5.0
121 Florence, SC 5.4 4.8 4.5
122 Florence‐Muscle Shoals, AL 6.6 4.0 4.1
123 Fond du Lac, WI 3.6 2.3 2.6
124 Fort Collins, CO 2.8 2.5 2.5
125 Fort Smith, AR‐OK 4.7 4.0 3.9
126 Fort Wayne, IN 4.2 2.6 2.7
127 Fresno, CA 9.4 7.5 6.9
128 Gadsden, AL 6.0 3.9 4.0
129 Gainesville, FL 4.3 3.3 2.8
130 Gainesville, GA 4.5 3.5 3.2
131 Gettysburg, PA 4.0 3.4 3.0
132 Glens Falls, NY 5.0 4.9 4.3
133 Goldsboro, NC 5.7 4.7 4.0
134 Grand Forks, ND‐MN 3.0 2.7 2.7
135 Grand Island, NE 3.5 3.4 3.5
71
2016 2018 2020

136 Grand Junction, CO 5.4 4.0 3.7
137 Grand Rapids‐Wyoming, MI 3.4 3.5 3.2
138 Grants Pass, OR 6.6 4.6 4.3
139 Great Falls, MT 4.0 3.9 3.2
140 Greeley, CO 3.4 2.7 2.8
141 Green Bay, WI 3.8 2.5 2.9
142 Greensboro‐High Point, NC 5.2 4.5 4.0
143 Greenville, NC 5.5 4.7 4.2
144 Greenville‐Mauldin‐Easley, SC 4.3 4.0 3.4
145 Gulfport‐Biloxi‐Pascagoula, MS 5.9 4.4 4.4
146 Hagerstown‐Martinsburg, MD‐WV 4.4 4.1 3.8
147 Hammond, LA 6.7 4.5 4.4
148 Hanford‐Corcoran, CA 10.0 7.4 7.4
149 Harrisburg‐Carlisle, PA 4.5 3.8 3.4
150 Harrisonburg, VA 3.9 3.2 2.9
151 Hartford‐West Hartford‐East Hartford, CT 5.2 4.3 3.9
152 Hattiesburg, MS 5.3 3.8 3.9
153 Hickory‐Lenoir‐Morganton, NC 4.8 3.7 3.7
154 Hilton Head Island‐Bluffton‐Beaufort, SC 4.5 4.1 3.7
155 Hinesville, GA 5.7 4.6 4.1
156 Homosassa Springs, FL 6.8 5.2 4.8
157 Hot Springs, AR 4.3 4.1 4.1
158 Houma‐Thibodaux, LA 6.7 4.2 3.9
159 Houston‐The Woodlands‐Sugar Land, TX 5.3 4.4 3.8
160 Huntington‐Ashland, WV‐KY‐OH 6.2 5.0 4.3
161 Huntsville, AL 5.2 3.2 3.2
162 Idaho Falls, ID 3.2 2.5 2.6
163 Indianapolis‐Carmel, IN 4.0 2.7 2.6
164 Iowa City, IA 2.7 2.2 2.3
165 Ithaca, NY 4.1 4.0 3.5
166 Jackson, MI 4.7 4.5 4.0
167 Jackson, MS 4.9 3.7 3.7
168 Jackson, TN 5.0 3.8 3.9
169 Jacksonville, FL 4.7 3.5 3.4
170 Jacksonville, NC 5.5 4.6 3.8
171 Janesville‐Beloit, WI 4.6 3.1 3.5
172 Jefferson City, MO 3.8 2.9 2.8
173 Johnson City, TN 5.3 3.8 3.9
174 Johnstown, PA 6.9 5.2 4.7
175 Jonesboro, AR 3.4 3.2 3.4
176 Joplin, MO 4.2 3.1 2.9
177 Kahului‐Wailuku‐Lahaina, HI 3.2 2.2 2.8
178 Kalamazoo‐Portage, MI 4.2 4.2 3.7
179 Kankakee, IL 6.5 4.3 4.3
180 Kansas City, MO‐KS 4.3 3.5 3.3
72
2016 2018 2020

181 Kennewick‐Richland, WA 6.9 5.3 5.0
182 Killeen‐Temple, TX 4.4 3.7 2.7
183 Kingsport‐Bristol‐Bristol, TN‐VA 5.1 3.7 3.6
184 Kingston, NY 4.4 4.4 3.9
185 Knoxville, TN 4.5 3.3 3.5
186 Kokomo, IN 4.6 3.2 3.4
187 La Crosse‐Onalaska, WI‐MN 3.8 2.6 2.9
188 Lafayette, LA 7.1 4.3 4.0
189 Lafayette‐West Lafayette, IN 4.0 2.9 2.7
190 Lake Charles, LA 4.8 3.2 3.1
191 Lake Havasu City‐Kingman, AZ 6.6 5.8 5.2
192 Lakeland‐Winter Haven, FL 5.6 4.2 3.7
193 Lancaster, PA 4.2 3.4 3.1
194 Lansing‐East Lansing, MI 4.0 4.4 3.9
195 Laredo, TX 4.9 3.5 2.6
196 Las Cruces, NM 7.2 6.0 4.8
197 Las Vegas‐Henderson‐Paradise, NV 5.8 4.9 4.2
198 Lawrence, KS 3.6 2.9 2.7
199 Lawton, OK 4.7 3.9 3.3
200 Lebanon, PA 4.5 3.9 3.5
201 Lewiston, ID‐WA 3.9 3.1 3.1
202 Lewiston‐Auburn, ME 3.5 2.9 2.9
203 Lexington‐Fayette, KY 3.7 3.1 3.2
204 Lima, OH 5.0 4.0 3.7
205 Lincoln, NE 2.9 2.4 2.4
206 Little Rock‐North Little Rock‐Conway, AR 3.6 3.4 3.3
207 Logan, UT‐ID 3.1 2.4 2.3
208 Longview, TX 6.1 4.1 2.9
209 Longview, WA 7.5 5.9 5.5
210 Los Angeles‐Long Beach‐Anaheim, CA 5.0 4.1 3.9
211 Louisville‐Jefferson County, KY‐IN 4.2 3.3 3.6
212 Lubbock, TX 3.4 2.9 2.0
213 Lynchburg, VA 4.5 3.8 3.5
214 Macon‐Bibb County, GA 5.8 4.8 4.2
215 Madera, CA 9.2 7.0 7.2
216 Madison, WI 3.1 2.2 2.3
217 Manchester‐Nashua, NH 3.0 2.9 2.9
218 Manhattan, KS 3.4 2.6 2.5
219 Mankato‐North Mankato, MN 3.1 2.5 2.6
220 Mansfield, OH 5.5 4.6 4.2
221 McAllen‐Edinburg‐Mission, TX 7.9 6.6 6.0
222 Medford, OR 5.8 4.1 3.7
223 Memphis, TN‐MS‐AR 5.3 4.0 4.2
224 Merced, CA 10.5 8.0 7.9
225 Miami‐Fort Lauderdale‐West Palm Beach, FL 5.0 4.0 3.7
73
2016 2018 2020

226 Michigan City‐La Porte, IN 5.9 3.8 3.9
227 Midland, MI 4.5 4.5 3.8
228 Midland, TX 4.4 2.3 1.8
229 Milwaukee‐Waukesha‐West Allis, WI 4.5 2.8 3.0
230 Minneapolis‐St. Paul‐Bloomington, MN‐WI 3.6 2.9 3.1
231 Missoula, MT 3.7 3.7 3.1
232 Mobile, AL 6.9 4.5 4.3
233 Modesto, CA 8.5 6.3 6.3
234 Monroe, LA 6.1 4.3 4.1
235 Monroe, MI 4.3 4.4 3.8
236 Montgomery, AL 5.7 3.7 3.7
237 Morgantown, WV 4.6 3.7 3.0
238 Morristown, TN 5.3 3.7 4.0
239 Mount Vernon‐Anacortes, WA 6.8 5.0 4.7
240 Muncie, IN 5.2 3.6 3.7
241 Muskegon, MI 5.2 5.0 4.5
242 Myrtle Beach‐North Myrtle Beach‐Conway, SC‐NC 5.8 4.9 4.4
243 Napa, CA 4.3 3.1 3.8
244 Naples‐Immokalee‐Marco Island, FL 4.8 3.9 3.7
245 Nashville‐Davidson‐‐Murfreesboro‐‐Franklin, TN 3.8 2.7 3.1
246 New Bern, NC 5.3 4.3 3.9
247 New Haven‐Milford, CT 5.5 4.8 4.3
248 New Orleans‐Metairie, LA 5.5 4.0 3.8
249 New York‐Newark‐Jersey City, NY‐NJ‐PA 4.8 4.2 3.6
250 Niles‐Benton Harbor, MI 4.8 4.7 4.1
251 North Port‐Sarasota‐Bradenton, FL 4.6 3.5 3.4
252 Norwich‐New London, CT 5.1 4.2 3.9
253 Ocala, FL 5.8 4.4 4.2
254 Ocean City, NJ 9.8 8.3 6.9
255 Odessa, TX 6.4 3.1 2.5
256 Ogden‐Clearfield, UT 3.4 2.9 2.7
257 Oklahoma City, OK 4.2 3.4 3.0
258 Olympia‐Tumwater, WA 5.8 4.7 4.4
259 Omaha‐Council Bluffs, NE‐IA 3.4 2.8 2.9
260 Orlando‐Kissimmee‐Sanford, FL 4.5 3.4 3.3
261 Oshkosh‐Neenah, WI 3.7 2.5 2.8
262 Owensboro, KY 4.6 3.8 4.2
263 Oxnard‐Thousand Oaks‐Ventura, CA 5.2 3.8 3.7
264 Palm Bay‐Melbourne‐Titusville, FL 5.2 3.7 3.4
265 Panama City, FL 4.9 3.4 3.2
266 Parkersburg‐Vienna, WV 5.8 5.1 4.0
267 Pensacola‐Ferry Pass‐Brent, FL 4.8 3.6 3.1
268 Peoria, IL 6.5 4.5 4.1
269 Philadelphia‐Camden‐Wilmington, PA‐NJ‐DE‐MD 5.1 4.4 3.8
270 Phoenix‐Mesa‐Scottsdale, AZ 4.6 4.2 3.7
74
2016 2018 2020

271 Pine Bluff, AR 5.4 5.0 5.3
272 Pittsburgh, PA 5.7 4.6 4.0
273 Pittsfield, MA 4.5 4.1 3.7
274 Pocatello, ID 3.5 2.9 2.8
275 Port St. Lucie, FL 5.4 4.5 4.3
276 Portland‐South Portland, ME 3.0 2.5 2.6
277 Portland‐Vancouver‐Hillsboro, OR‐WA 4.7 3.4 3.3
278 Prescott, AZ 4.9 4.4 3.6
279 Providence‐Warwick, RI‐MA 5.1 4.4 4.2
280 Provo‐Orem, UT 3.1 2.6 2.4
281 Pueblo, CO 4.9 4.5 4.2
282 Punta Gorda, FL 5.3 4.0 4.0
283 Racine, WI 5.1 3.2 3.8
284 Raleigh, NC 4.3 3.6 3.2
285 Rapid City, SD 3.0 3.3 3.1
286 Reading, PA 5.0 4.2 3.8
287 Redding, CA 6.9 4.6 5.3
288 Reno, NV 5.0 3.7 3.4
289 Richmond, VA 4.1 3.4 3.2
290 Riverside‐San Bernardino‐Ontario, CA 5.9 4.4 4.1
291 Roanoke, VA 3.9 3.2 3.0
292 Rochester, MN 3.3 2.8 3.0
293 Rochester, NY 4.7 5.0 4.1
294 Rockford, IL 6.6 4.1 4.1
295 Rocky Mount, NC 7.3 6.2 5.2
296 Rome, GA 6.0 4.6 4.2
297 Sacramento‐‐Roseville‐‐Arden‐Arcade, CA 5.2 3.8 3.7
298 Saginaw, MI 5.1 5.3 4.6
299 Salem, OR 5.1 3.7 3.3
300 Salinas, CA 7.6 6.4 6.5
301 Salisbury, MD‐DE 5.6 5.2 4.6
302 Salt Lake City, UT 3.2 2.7 2.6
303 San Angelo, TX 4.5 3.0 2.2
304 San Antonio‐New Braunfels, TX 3.8 3.2 3.2
305 San Diego‐Carlsbad, CA 4.7 3.4 3.3
306 San Francisco‐Oakland‐Hayward, CA 3.8 2.9 2.9
307 San Jose‐Sunnyvale‐Santa Clara, CA 3.9 2.8 2.7
308 San Luis Obispo‐Paso Robles‐Arroyo Grande, CA 4.3 3.0 3.7
309 Santa Cruz‐Watsonville, CA 6.9 4.5 5.0
310 Santa Fe, NM 5.4 4.2 3.1
311 Santa Maria‐Santa Barbara, CA 5.0 4.0 4.5
312 Santa Rosa, CA 4.0 2.8 3.5
313 Savannah, GA 5.2 4.0 3.6
314 Scranton‐‐Wilkes‐Barre‐‐Hazleton, PA 6.1 5.2 4.5
315 Seattle‐Tacoma‐Bellevue, WA 4.5 4.1 3.9
75
2016 2018 2020

316 Sebastian‐Vero Beach, FL 6.2 4.9 4.6
317 Sebring, FL 6.6 5.3 4.7
318 Sheboygan, WI 3.5 2.2 2.5
319 Sherman‐Denison, TX 3.9 3.1 2.2
320 Shreveport‐Bossier City, LA 6.4 4.2 4.1
321 Sierra Vista‐Douglas, AZ 6.1 5.6 4.6
322 Sioux City, IA‐NE‐SD 3.5 3.0 3.0
323 Sioux Falls, SD 2.3 2.8 2.7
324 South Bend‐Mishawaka, IN‐MI 4.5 3.2 3.2
325 Spartanburg, SC 4.7 4.2 4.1
326 Spokane‐Spokane Valley, WA 6.6 5.4 5.0
327 Springfield, IL 4.9 3.6 3.5
328 Springfield, MA 4.8 4.1 4.0
329 Springfield, MO 4.0 2.9 2.7
330 Springfield, OH 5.2 3.7 3.5
331 St. Cloud, MN 3.9 3.3 3.4
332 St. George, UT 3.7 3.0 2.9
333 St. Joseph, MO‐KS 4.1 3.0 2.8
334 St. Louis, MO‐IL 4.6 3.5 3.5
335 State College, PA 4.2 3.5 3.1
336 Staunton‐Waynesboro, VA 3.8 3.0 2.8
337 Stockton‐Lodi, CA 8.1 6.2 6.0
338 Sumter, SC 5.7 5.3 4.9
339 Syracuse, NY 4.9 5.2 4.2
340 Tallahassee, FL 4.7 3.5 2.9
341 Tampa‐St. Petersburg‐Clearwater, FL 4.6 3.5 3.3
342 Terre Haute, IN 5.5 3.9 4.0
343 Texarkana, TX‐AR 4.6 4.2 3.5
344 The Villages, FL 7.0 5.2 4.6
345 Toledo, OH 4.8 4.3 4.0
346 Topeka, KS 4.1 3.2 3.1
347 Trenton, NJ 4.3 3.8 3.3
348 Tucson, AZ 4.9 4.5 3.9
349 Tulsa, OK 5.0 3.8 3.3
350 Tuscaloosa, AL 6.0 3.6 3.4
351 Tyler, TX 4.5 3.4 2.5
352 Urban Honolulu, HI 2.8 2.2 2.7
353 Utica‐Rome, NY 5.0 5.1 4.5
354 Valdosta, GA 5.2 4.2 3.6
355 Vallejo‐Fairfield, CA 5.5 4.0 4.7
356 Victoria, TX 5.4 4.0 2.8
357 Vineland‐Bridgeton, NJ 7.5 6.6 5.6
358 Virginia Beach‐Norfolk‐Newport News, VA‐NC 4.6 3.5 3.4
359 Visalia‐Porterville, CA 11.0 9.3 8.8
360 Waco, TX 4.0 3.5 2.6
76
2016 2018 2020

361 Walla Walla, WA 5.7 4.6 4.3
362 Warner Robins, GA 5.5 4.5 4.0
363 Washington‐Arlington‐Alexandria, DC‐VA‐MD‐WV 3.8 3.4 3.1
364 Waterloo‐Cedar Falls, IA 4.5 3.1 3.1
365 Watertown‐Fort Drum, NY 6.2 6.5 5.7
366 Wausau, WI 3.7 2.3 2.6
367 Weirton‐Steubenville, WV‐OH 7.7 5.7 4.8
368 Wenatchee, WA 6.2 4.7 4.4
369 Wheeling, WV‐OH 6.9 5.2 4.2
370 Wichita Falls, TX 4.4 3.2 2.5
371 Wichita, KS 4.7 3.6 3.1
372 Williamsport, PA 6.7 5.1 4.4
373 Wilmington, NC 4.8 3.9 3.5
374 Winchester, VA‐WV 3.7 3.0 2.7
375 Winston‐Salem, NC 4.8 4.0 3.6
376 Worcester, MA‐CT 4.3 3.7 3.6
377 Yakima, WA 8.0 6.0 6.0
378 York‐Hanover, PA 4.7 4.1 3.6
379 Youngstown‐Warren‐Boardman, OH‐PA 6.3 5.8 5.2
380 Yuba City, CA 9.2 7.0 7.2
381 Yuma, AZ 18.6 17.6 14.8
77
TABLE 9: Labor Force Participation Rate
percentage
2016 2018 2020
1 Abilene, TX 55.6 55.1 54.4
2 Akron, OH 62.2 62.3 62.3
3 Albany, GA 55.7 57.4 56.6
4 Albany, OR 58.1 59.8 61.4
5 Albany‐Schenectady‐Troy, NY 62.1 61.9 62.2
6 Albuquerque, NM 58.4 58.8 58.8
7 Alexandria, LA 54.4 53.1 53.1
8 Allentown‐Bethlehem‐Easton, PA‐NJ 64.3 63.3 63.5
9 Altoona, PA 60.3 57.2 55.3
10 Amarillo, TX 64.6 64.2 63.2
11 Ames, IA 71.8 72.0 74.0
12 Anchorage, AK 65.3 65.4 65.7
13 Ann Arbor, MI 64.1 64.1 64.8
14 Anniston‐Oxford‐Jacksonville, AL 49.5 49.4 50.7
15 Appleton, WI 71.1 73.1 75.8
16 Asheville, NC 59.9 59.7 57.4
17 Athens‐Clarke County, GA 58.3 60.4 63.9
18 Atlanta‐Sandy Springs‐Roswell, GA 64.8 66.1 66.2
19 Atlantic City‐Hammonton, NJ 56.8 55.9 56.4
20 Auburn‐Opelika, AL 57.4 58.7 61.3
21 Augusta‐Richmond County, GA‐SC 55.6 56.8 56.5
22 Austin‐Round Rock, TX 69.1 70.0 69.8
23 Bakersfield, CA 59.5 57.9 58.4
24 Baltimore‐Columbia‐Towson, MD 65.8 66.4 67.0
25 Bangor, ME 61.1 60.3 60.4
26 Barnstable Town, MA 60.4 61.4 62.6
27 Baton Rouge, LA 63.7 64.9 65.3
28 Battle Creek, MI 60.7 60.5 61.0
29 Bay City, MI 61.2 60.0 59.6
30 Beaumont‐Port Arthur, TX 53.3 52.1 51.1
31 Beckley, WV 46.9 45.9 44.4
32 Bellingham, WA 60.5 61.3 61.6
33 Bend‐Redmond, OR 61.5 63.0 64.8
34 Billings, MT 65.1 63.5 63.0
35 Binghamton, NY 54.6 54.4 55.6
36 Birmingham‐Hoover, AL 58.6 58.1 58.6
37 Bismarck, ND 68.5 68.2 68.9
38 Blacksburg‐Christiansburg‐Radford, VA 59.4 59.1 60.2
39 Bloomington, IN 64.7 63.3 63.5
40 Bloomington‐Normal, IL 55.5 53.3 52.3
41 Bloomsburg‐Berwick, PA 61.3 59.8 59.4
42 Boise City, ID 62.6 62.9 62.7
43 Boston‐Cambridge‐Newton, MA‐NH 65.9 66.0 66.2
44 Boulder, CO 68.6 70.9 71.9
45 Bowling Green, KY 57.4 60.3 64.9
78
percentage
2016 2018 2020
46 Bremerton‐Silverdale, WA 54.6 55.0 54.3
47 Bridgeport‐Stamford‐Norwalk, CT 63.9 62.8 62.9
48 Brownsville‐Harlingen, TX 54.0 52.4 50.0
49 Brunswick, GA 56.0 55.6 56.2
50 Buffalo‐Cheektowaga‐Niagara Falls, NY 58.9 58.5 58.8
51 Burlington, NC 61.4 59.7 58.4
52 Burlington‐South Burlington, VT 70.2 70.5 71.2
53 California‐Lexington Park, MD 63.5 63.8 62.7
54 Canton‐Massillon, OH 61.1 60.7 61.6
55 Cape Coral‐Fort Myers, FL 54.4 50.8 49.8
56 Cape Girardeau, MO‐IL 63.0 54.7 48.2
57 Carbondale‐Marion, IL 58.9 58.4 59.4
58 Carson City, NV 55.0 56.7 57.1
59 Casper, WY 64.5 61.6 60.9
60 Cedar Rapids, IA 67.3 65.8 66.0
61 Chambersburg‐Waynesboro, PA 64.2 61.6 61.0
62 Champaign‐Urbana, IL 61.8 59.7 59.5
63 Charleston, WV 54.4 55.3 55.7
64 Charleston‐North Charleston, SC 61.3 60.3 61.0
65 Charlotte‐Concord‐Gastonia, NC‐SC 65.8 65.8 65.3
66 Charlottesville, VA 60.8 62.1 62.3
67 Chattanooga, TN‐GA 58.0 59.6 59.6
68 Cheyenne, WY 63.5 61.8 62.1
69 Chicago‐Naperville‐Elgin, IL‐IN‐WI 65.1 64.8 65.3
70 Chico, CA 55.1 52.9 50.9
71 Cincinnati, OH‐KY‐IN 63.4 64.1 64.4
72 Clarksville, TN‐KY 51.9 51.8 51.7
73 Cleveland, TN 58.9 59.4 61.5
74 Cleveland‐Elyria, OH 61.4 61.0 61.4
75 Coeur dÀlene, ID 59.4 56.7 56.0
76 College Station‐Bryan, TX 61.8 62.9 63.8
77 Colorado Springs, CO 58.3 59.6 59.9
78 Columbia, MO 69.9 66.9 64.6
79 Columbia, SC 61.4 60.1 60.9
80 Columbus, GA‐AL 51.7 53.0 52.2
81 Columbus, IN 68.4 68.7 70.2
82 Columbus, OH 65.1 65.3 65.7
83 Corpus Christi, TX 57.5 58.4 58.6
84 Corvallis, OR 62.0 63.5 64.7
85 Crestview‐Fort Walton Beach‐Destin, FL 56.9 56.2 57.6
86 Cumberland, MD‐WV 53.0 53.3 52.7
87 Dallas‐Fort Worth‐Arlington, TX 66.3 67.1 67.1
88 Dalton, GA 56.6 56.0 56.4
89 Danville, IL 56.2 53.9 53.5
90 Daphne‐Fairhope‐Foley, AL 53.7 53.8 55.6
79
percentage
2016 2018 2020
91 Davenport‐Moline‐Rock Island, IA‐IL 62.7 62.3 62.9
92 Dayton, OH 59.2 60.3 60.2
93 Decatur, AL 56.6 56.5 57.8
94 Decatur, IL 58.6 56.7 56.8
95 Deltona‐Daytona Beach‐Ormond Beach, FL 54.4 53.7 55.1
96 Denver‐Aurora‐Lakewood, CO 68.0 69.9 70.5
97 Des Moines‐West Des Moines, IA 70.0 68.4 68.1
98 Detroit‐Warren‐Dearborn, MI 59.9 60.5 60.5
99 Dothan, AL 52.8 51.9 52.2
100 Dover, DE 56.0 55.5 55.4
101 Dubuque, IA 71.2 68.7 67.9
102 Duluth, MN‐WI 62.2 62.4 63.9
103 Durham‐Chapel Hill, NC 63.9 64.1 65.3
104 East Stroudsburg, PA 60.3 57.5 56.0
105 Eau Claire, WI 68.5 67.7 67.9
106 El Centro, CA 56.6 52.1 49.0
107 El Paso, TX 55.4 56.0 56.1
108 Elizabethtown, KY 56.6 58.3 64.2
109 Elkhart‐Goshen, IN 70.1 72.3 75.4
110 Elmira, NY 52.6 51.1 51.7
111 Erie, PA 60.2 58.2 57.2
112 Eugene, OR 58.1 60.6 62.8
113 Evansville, IN‐KY 63.6 63.2 64.0
114 Fairbanks, AK 59.3 60.5 60.4
115 Fargo, ND‐MN 72.9 73.8 76.0
116 Farmington, NM 55.9 54.8 54.7
117 Fayetteville, NC 50.1 49.2 47.9
118 Fayetteville‐Springdale‐Rogers, AR‐MO 65.5 65.5 65.8
119 Flagstaff, AZ 66.1 60.9 58.2
120 Flint, MI 56.2 56.0 56.5
121 Florence, SC 58.4 58.3 58.3
122 Florence‐Muscle Shoals, AL 55.5 54.4 55.0
123 Fond du Lac, WI 68.9 70.1 71.6
124 Fort Collins, CO 67.4 70.6 72.9
125 Fort Smith, AR‐OK 55.0 55.1 55.7
126 Fort Wayne, IN 63.5 62.4 62.9
127 Fresno, CA 61.2 60.8 60.7
128 Gadsden, AL 52.5 52.8 54.5
129 Gainesville, FL 59.6 60.5 63.5
130 Gainesville, GA 63.8 65.6 65.4
131 Gettysburg, PA 66.6 65.8 66.6
132 Glens Falls, NY 57.9 58.2 59.2
133 Goldsboro, NC 54.6 53.1 50.6
134 Grand Forks, ND‐MN 69.7 68.5 68.1
135 Grand Island, NE 66.2 66.0 66.4
80
percentage
2016 2018 2020
136 Grand Junction, CO 60.2 59.1 57.8
137 Grand Rapids‐Wyoming, MI 69.1 69.1 70.0
138 Grants Pass, OR 48.2 50.5 51.6
139 Great Falls, MT 58.5 57.1 56.2
140 Greeley, CO 66.3 66.9 68.7
141 Green Bay, WI 68.4 68.6 69.8
142 Greensboro‐High Point, NC 60.0 59.5 59.4
143 Greenville, NC 62.3 60.6 56.6
144 Greenville‐Mauldin‐Easley, SC 59.5 59.1 59.5
145 Gulfport‐Biloxi‐Pascagoula, MS 53.4 51.9 51.7
146 Hagerstown‐Martinsburg, MD‐WV 63.2 62.6 61.6
147 Hammond, LA 53.1 51.8 52.2
148 Hanford‐Corcoran, CA 50.8 48.2 45.9
149 Harrisburg‐Carlisle, PA 64.3 63.3 63.6
150 Harrisonburg, VA 59.8 60.1 60.5
151 Hartford‐West Hartford‐East Hartford, CT 65.9 66.3 66.5
152 Hattiesburg, MS 57.8 58.6 59.9
153 Hickory‐Lenoir‐Morganton, NC 57.3 56.9 54.7
154 Hilton Head Island‐Bluffton‐Beaufort, SC 49.1 48.4 46.8
155 Hinesville, GA 54.5 54.8 55.4
156 Homosassa Springs, FL 38.3 35.8 35.6
157 Hot Springs, AR 49.5 51.5 54.1
158 Houma‐Thibodaux, LA 56.0 52.9 51.7
159 Houston‐The Woodlands‐Sugar Land, TX 63.4 63.4 63.6
160 Huntington‐Ashland, WV‐KY‐OH 50.4 51.3 52.1
161 Huntsville, AL 59.1 58.7 58.7
162 Idaho Falls, ID 65.0 63.6 63.9
163 Indianapolis‐Carmel, IN 66.2 65.5 66.2
164 Iowa City, IA 71.2 71.4 73.0
165 Ithaca, NY 57.2 58.5 60.9
166 Jackson, MI 58.1 57.6 57.9
167 Jackson, MS 59.8 59.9 60.5
168 Jackson, TN 61.2 61.7 63.3
169 Jacksonville, FL 62.1 63.2 63.5
170 Jacksonville, NC 43.7 43.0 42.3
171 Janesville‐Beloit, WI 65.7 68.0 71.4
172 Jefferson City, MO 63.4 59.4 55.9
173 Johnson City, TN 53.3 53.3 54.8
174 Johnstown, PA 55.2 53.5 52.8
175 Jonesboro, AR 61.6 63.5 66.1
176 Joplin, MO 63.0 60.1 58.2
177 Kahului‐Wailuku‐Lahaina, HI 64.2 64.3 65.4
178 Kalamazoo‐Portage, MI 62.5 62.8 63.7
179 Kankakee, IL 63.4 63.7 65.3
180 Kansas City, MO‐KS 68.3 67.1 67.7
81
percentage
2016 2018 2020
181 Kennewick‐Richland, WA 63.4 63.2 62.2
182 Killeen‐Temple, TX 53.5 53.6 53.1
183 Kingsport‐Bristol‐Bristol, TN‐VA 54.1 53.9 53.9
184 Kingston, NY 59.0 59.4 61.3
185 Knoxville, TN 58.2 58.4 59.1
186 Kokomo, IN 57.2 56.7 57.2
187 La Crosse‐Onalaska, WI‐MN 70.3 71.9 74.1
188 Lafayette, LA 56.4 54.3 54.0
189 Lafayette‐West Lafayette, IN 63.7 62.3 62.2
190 Lake Charles, LA 65.7 69.6 74.6
191 Lake Havasu City‐Kingman, AZ 46.5 43.2 41.7
192 Lakeland‐Winter Haven, FL 53.2 51.7 52.4
193 Lancaster, PA 65.9 65.3 65.5
194 Lansing‐East Lansing, MI 63.9 64.2 64.5
195 Laredo, TX 58.7 57.4 55.2
196 Las Cruces, NM 56.8 55.7 55.1
197 Las Vegas‐Henderson‐Paradise, NV 61.2 61.2 61.7
198 Lawrence, KS 66.9 66.7 68.3
199 Lawton, OK 52.5 52.9 54.3
200 Lebanon, PA 63.8 61.3 60.5
201 Lewiston, ID‐WA 59.6 60.6 60.9
202 Lewiston‐Auburn, ME 64.5 64.3 64.8
203 Lexington‐Fayette, KY 64.5 65.7 65.0
204 Lima, OH 58.1 58.2 59.5
205 Lincoln, NE 68.9 68.0 69.0
206 Little Rock‐North Little Rock‐Conway, AR 60.5 60.6 60.6
207 Logan, UT‐ID 69.4 70.2 70.6
208 Longview, TX 57.8 56.2 54.6
209 Longview, WA 53.4 53.2 52.8
210 Los Angeles‐Long Beach‐Anaheim, CA 61.9 62.3 62.4
211 Louisville‐Jefferson County, KY‐IN 62.3 63.6 63.1
212 Lubbock, TX 64.5 64.0 63.4
213 Lynchburg, VA 56.9 56.9 56.5
214 Macon‐Bibb County, GA 57.3 58.1 57.9
215 Madera, CA 52.6 50.4 48.2
216 Madison, WI 73.4 73.9 74.4
217 Manchester‐Nashua, NH 69.4 68.6 69.3
218 Manhattan, KS 64.3 65.3 67.6
219 Mankato‐North Mankato, MN 74.4 75.0 76.3
220 Mansfield, OH 54.2 54.0 54.9
221 McAllen‐Edinburg‐Mission, TX 55.4 55.3 55.0
222 Medford, OR 57.8 59.6 60.4
223 Memphis, TN‐MS‐AR 59.4 59.9 60.2
224 Merced, CA 58.2 54.1 50.6
225 Miami‐Fort Lauderdale‐West Palm Beach, FL 60.6 61.7 62.4
82
percentage
2016 2018 2020
226 Michigan City‐La Porte, IN 54.1 49.0 45.5
227 Midland, MI 60.9 58.9 58.1
228 Midland, TX 67.7 66.3 64.4
229 Milwaukee‐Waukesha‐West Allis, WI 65.9 66.1 65.9
230 Minneapolis‐St. Paul‐Bloomington, MN‐WI 68.9 70.2 70.1
231 Missoula, MT 64.8 62.7 61.7
232 Mobile, AL 56.2 54.6 54.2
233 Modesto, CA 59.4 58.0 58.1
234 Monroe, LA 58.3 58.9 60.3
235 Monroe, MI 63.7 63.5 64.5
236 Montgomery, AL 57.8 57.1 57.8
237 Morgantown, WV 56.6 57.9 58.5
238 Morristown, TN 53.5 53.8 55.6
239 Mount Vernon‐Anacortes, WA 58.7 59.9 60.3
240 Muncie, IN 57.8 56.2 55.7
241 Muskegon, MI 56.4 56.1 56.9
242 Myrtle Beach‐North Myrtle Beach‐Conway, SC‐NC 50.3 49.0 48.0
243 Napa, CA 64.3 64.0 63.1
244 Naples‐Immokalee‐Marco Island, FL 54.6 53.1 54.1
245 Nashville‐Davidson‐‐Murfreesboro‐‐Franklin, TN 65.9 67.2 67.4
246 New Bern, NC 51.3 50.7 48.7
247 New Haven‐Milford, CT 65.1 64.8 64.9
248 New Orleans‐Metairie, LA 58.7 58.8 59.2
249 New York‐Newark‐Jersey City, NY‐NJ‐PA 61.2 61.2 61.6
250 Niles‐Benton Harbor, MI 59.5 59.1 59.5
251 North Port‐Sarasota‐Bradenton, FL 52.2 52.6 52.5
252 Norwich‐New London, CT 62.0 62.7 63.0
253 Ocala, FL 45.3 44.1 44.6
254 Ocean City, NJ 59.2 60.2 59.8
255 Odessa, TX 65.3 64.1 62.0
256 Ogden‐Clearfield, UT 66.8 67.1 67.2
257 Oklahoma City, OK 62.6 62.9 63.3
258 Olympia‐Tumwater, WA 59.0 60.0 60.2
259 Omaha‐Council Bluffs, NE‐IA 67.3 66.5 67.0
260 Orlando‐Kissimmee‐Sanford, FL 63.4 64.8 64.4
261 Oshkosh‐Neenah, WI 67.2 67.6 68.7
262 Owensboro, KY 57.6 60.1 64.0
263 Oxnard‐Thousand Oaks‐Ventura, CA 63.4 62.6 63.2
264 Palm Bay‐Melbourne‐Titusville, FL 53.9 52.4 53.0
265 Panama City, FL 58.1 58.2 59.9
266 Parkersburg‐Vienna, WV 52.5 51.4 50.2
267 Pensacola‐Ferry Pass‐Brent, FL 55.6 55.2 56.8
268 Peoria, IL 61.7 59.9 59.7
269 Philadelphia‐Camden‐Wilmington, PA‐NJ‐DE‐MD 63.1 62.7 63.0
270 Phoenix‐Mesa‐Scottsdale, AZ 61.4 62.2 62.2
83
percentage
2016 2018 2020
271 Pine Bluff, AR 48.3 49.5 50.0
272 Pittsburgh, PA 62.3 61.9 62.4
273 Pittsfield, MA 60.8 60.1 59.7
274 Pocatello, ID 65.6 61.1 58.2
275 Port St. Lucie, FL 53.5 51.9 52.7
276 Portland‐South Portland, ME 66.1 66.6 66.3
277 Portland‐Vancouver‐Hillsboro, OR‐WA 65.3 65.9 65.4
278 Prescott, AZ 52.3 47.3 45.1
279 Providence‐Warwick, RI‐MA 63.4 63.5 63.8
280 Provo‐Orem, UT 68.2 68.9 69.2
281 Pueblo, CO 55.3 56.1 56.5
282 Punta Gorda, FL 43.6 43.3 44.9
283 Racine, WI 63.9 63.9 64.8
284 Raleigh, NC 66.8 66.5 66.1
285 Rapid City, SD 63.1 64.0 64.2
286 Reading, PA 64.6 62.9 62.4
287 Redding, CA 51.3 50.6 49.7
288 Reno, NV 63.2 64.5 63.9
289 Richmond, VA 64.3 64.6 65.0
290 Riverside‐San Bernardino‐Ontario, CA 57.4 57.6 57.1
291 Roanoke, VA 61.4 61.0 61.7
292 Rochester, MN 70.8 69.3 71.4
293 Rochester, NY 60.2 59.7 60.0
294 Rockford, IL 62.7 60.2 59.1
295 Rocky Mount, NC 56.3 53.4 49.9
296 Rome, GA 56.8 55.7 56.0
297 Sacramento‐‐Roseville‐‐Arden‐Arcade, CA 59.0 58.5 58.8
298 Saginaw, MI 57.0 57.0 57.9
299 Salem, OR 60.3 62.6 63.7
300 Salinas, CA 65.7 62.5 59.5
301 Salisbury, MD‐DE 56.1 56.6 57.3
302 Salt Lake City, UT 71.2 71.6 71.4
303 San Angelo, TX 58.2 56.6 54.9
304 San Antonio‐New Braunfels, TX 60.2 60.7 60.5
305 San Diego‐Carlsbad, CA 58.8 58.6 58.9
306 San Francisco‐Oakland‐Hayward, CA 66.0 66.3 66.6
307 San Jose‐Sunnyvale‐Santa Clara, CA 67.0 67.6 67.2
308 San Luis Obispo‐Paso Robles‐Arroyo Grande, CA 59.6 57.5 55.4
309 Santa Cruz‐Watsonville, CA 64.1 61.8 59.4
310 Santa Fe, NM 58.9 58.8 59.4
311 Santa Maria‐Santa Barbara, CA 60.8 59.1 57.3
312 Santa Rosa, CA 63.4 61.0 58.5
313 Savannah, GA 59.3 59.4 60.6
314 Scranton‐‐Wilkes‐Barre‐‐Hazleton, PA 61.2 60.9 61.3
315 Seattle‐Tacoma‐Bellevue, WA 66.0 66.7 67.7
84
percentage
2016 2018 2020
316 Sebastian‐Vero Beach, FL 48.5 47.3 48.0
317 Sebring, FL 41.9 42.3 43.9
318 Sheboygan, WI 66.9 67.2 67.6
319 Sherman‐Denison, TX 59.5 57.5 56.3
320 Shreveport‐Bossier City, LA 54.9 53.4 53.2
321 Sierra Vista‐Douglas, AZ 49.1 46.7 45.7
322 Sioux City, IA‐NE‐SD 71.6 69.2 68.9
323 Sioux Falls, SD 75.0 75.0 75.6
324 South Bend‐Mishawaka, IN‐MI 62.1 59.6 58.2
325 Spartanburg, SC 58.7 58.7 58.2
326 Spokane‐Spokane Valley, WA 57.6 56.8 57.5
327 Springfield, IL 67.4 65.9 65.8
328 Springfield, MA 60.1 60.1 60.4
329 Springfield, MO 63.7 61.1 59.0
330 Springfield, OH 58.6 58.8 60.4
331 St. Cloud, MN 70.7 69.7 70.7
332 St. George, UT 56.1 57.3 58.3
333 St. Joseph, MO‐KS 65.2 61.1 57.7
334 St. Louis, MO‐IL 65.8 64.1 64.7
335 State College, PA 58.2 55.2 53.6
336 Staunton‐Waynesboro, VA 59.4 58.9 59.4
337 Stockton‐Lodi, CA 57.7 56.8 56.6
338 Sumter, SC 52.6 51.4 50.5
339 Syracuse, NY 58.2 57.8 58.3
340 Tallahassee, FL 60.7 60.6 62.2
341 Tampa‐St. Petersburg‐Clearwater, FL 58.9 59.5 59.6
342 Terre Haute, IN 55.8 54.5 54.3
343 Texarkana, TX‐AR 54.5 54.0 53.7
344 The Villages, FL 25.3 24.5 24.4
345 Toledo, OH 62.9 63.0 63.3
346 Topeka, KS 65.5 66.7 69.0
347 Trenton, NJ 66.1 65.6 66.2
348 Tucson, AZ 57.3 57.5 58.1
349 Tulsa, OK 61.7 61.8 61.6
350 Tuscaloosa, AL 57.4 57.7 59.3
351 Tyler, TX 60.0 59.5 58.4
352 Urban Honolulu, HI 59.2 59.4 59.9
353 Utica‐Rome, NY 54.5 54.7 55.9
354 Valdosta, GA 57.0 57.2 58.4
355 Vallejo‐Fairfield, CA 58.7 55.7 52.9
356 Victoria, TX 60.9 59.5 57.7
357 Vineland‐Bridgeton, NJ 55.9 56.5 56.8
358 Virginia Beach‐Norfolk‐Newport News, VA‐NC 60.5 60.9 61.6
359 Visalia‐Porterville, CA 62.4 59.4 56.7
360 Waco, TX 58.6 56.5 54.6
85
percentage
2016 2018 2020
361 Walla Walla, WA 58.9 60.5 60.3
362 Warner Robins, GA 56.1 57.0 56.9
363 Washington‐Arlington‐Alexandria, DC‐VA‐MD‐WV 67.7 68.5 68.8
364 Waterloo‐Cedar Falls, IA 66.3 63.3 61.6
365 Watertown‐Fort Drum, NY 53.3 54.0 55.7
366 Wausau, WI 68.8 70.6 72.6
367 Weirton‐Steubenville, WV‐OH 52.1 51.3 51.3
368 Wenatchee, WA 70.4 70.1 69.0
369 Wheeling, WV‐OH 55.1 54.9 55.1
370 Wichita Falls, TX 53.1 51.9 51.1
371 Wichita, KS 62.1 61.2 62.1
372 Williamsport, PA 62.9 59.5 57.5
373 Wilmington, NC 61.4 60.8 60.5
374 Winchester, VA‐WV 64.0 64.6 64.6
375 Winston‐Salem, NC 60.5 59.9 59.8
376 Worcester, MA‐CT 64.8 65.1 65.2
377 Yakima, WA 68.2 67.9 65.8
378 York‐Hanover, PA 66.2 63.9 62.9
379 Youngstown‐Warren‐Boardman, OH‐PA 55.4 54.6 55.2
380 Yuba City, CA 57.0 53.7 51.3
381 Yuma, AZ 59.0 58.2 59.7
86
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Metro Economies GMP June 2018

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Metro Economies GMP June 2018

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U.S.

Economic Growth and Full Employment Prepared for:

THE UNITED STATES CONFERENCE OF MAYORS

Printed on Recycled Paper.

THE UNITED STATES CONFERENCE OF MAYORS

Combined, the nation’s 10 highest-producing metro economies generated $6.8 trillion in

THE US ECONOMY IN 2018

Growth of hourly labor compensation is expected to accelerate because of the further

METRO ECONOMIES IN 2018

FIGURE 1: 2018 EMPLOYMENT GROWTH

THE LABOR FORCE IN THE NEXT DECADES

GROSS METROPOLITAN PRODUCT

Table 1: Gross Metropolitan Product of U.S. Metro Areas ..................................... 1

Table 3: Gross Metropolitan Product of U.S. Metro Areas and ............................ 24

Table 5: Gross Metropolitan Product as a Share of Gross State Product .............. 36

Table 5b: Gross Metropolitan Product (Division) as a Share of Gross .................... 49

Table 6: Employment Growth, 2017 to 2022 Average Annual Rate ..................... 51

Table 8: Unemployment Rate ......................................................................... 69

Table 9: Labor Force Participation Rate Percentage ......................................... 78

Rank 2017 2016 2017 2018 2019

Rank 2017 2016 2017 2018 2019

Rank 2017 2016 2017 2018 2019

Rank 2017 2016 2017 2018 2019

Rank 2017 2016 2017 2018 2019

Rank 2017 2016 2017 2018 2019

Rank 2017 2016 2017 2018 2019

Rank 2017 2016 2017 2018 2019

Rank 2017 2016 2017 2018 2019

Rank Country or Metro Area 2017

Rank Country or Metro Area 2017

Rank Country or Metro Area 2017

Rank Country or Metro Area 2017

Rank Country or Metro Area 2017

Rank Country or Metro Area 2017

Rank Country or Metro Area 2017

Rank Country or Metro Area 2017

Rank Country or Metro Area 2017

Rank Country or Metro Area 2017

Rank Country or Metro Area 2017

Rank Country or Metro Area 2017

Rank Country or Metro Area 2017

Rank Country or Metro Area 2017

Rank State or Metro Area 2017

Rank State or Metro Area 2017

Rank State or Metro Area 2017

Rank State or Metro Area 2017

Rank State or Metro Area 2017

Rank State or Metro Area 2017

Rank State or Metro Area 2017

Rank State or Metro Area 2017

Rank State or Metro Area 2017

Rank State or Metro Area 2017

Rank State or Metro Area 2017

Total Gross Metro Product: Total Gross State

2017 GMP % of GSP

2017 GMP % of GSP

2017 GMP % of GSP

2017 GMP % of GSP

2017 GMP % of GSP

2017 GMP % of GSP

2017 GMP % of GSP

2017 GMP % of GSP

2017 GMP % of GSP

2017 GMP % of GSP

THE UNITED STATES CONFERENCE OF MAYORS