EM Guidelines 2014

Guidelines for Mainstreaming Energy
into District Development Plans and Annual Work Plans
Implemented by:
MINISTRY OF ENERGY
AND MINERAL DEVELOPMENT
Table of Contents
Foreword
Executive Summary
1. Background 1
1.1 Energy as a Key Input and Driver of Development 1
1.2 The Role of Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development 2
1.3 Energy Issues on HLG and LLG Level, Baseline Situation 3
1.4 The Main Audience of the Guidelines 4
1.5 The Scope of the Guidelines 4
1.6 Vision and Objectives of the Guidelines 4
1.6.1
Vision 4
1.6.2
Objectives and Outcomes 4
1.6.3
Milestones 5
2. The Policy and Institutional Framework 6
2.1 Policy Framework 6
2.2 Institutional Framework 7
2.3 Statutory Consents Required for Investments and their Rationale 7
3. The Required Structural Framework for Energy Mainstreaming at HLG level 8
3.1 The Role and Tasks of the District Energy Focal Person 8
3.2 The Role and Tasks of the District Planning Unit 9
4. Integrating Energy into the Planning Process 12
4.1 Energy Investment Potentials 12
4.2 Energy Analysis 14
4.3 The Relevant Sectors and Sub-Sectors 16
4.3.1
Administration 16
4.3.2
Community-based Services 17
4.3.3
Education 18
4.3.4
Health 19
4.3.5
Natural Rescources 20
4.3.6
Production 21
4.3.7
Works and Technical Services 22
4.4 Intervention Checklist 23
5. Monitoring and Evaluation 35
5.1 Integrating M&E in the Mainstreaming of Energy Issues 35
5.2 Data collection 38
5.3 Communication with MEMD 38
6.
Outlook 39
Reference List
Glossary
Appendix
LIST OF ACRONYMS
AWP Annual Work Plans  
CAO Chief Administrative Officer
CBO Community Based Organization
CSO Civil Society Organization
DDP District Development Plan
DECS District Energy Coordination Structure
DEFP District Energy Focal Person
ERA Electricity Regulatory Authority
FBO Faith Based Organization
HLG Higher Local Government
LG Local Government
LGDP Local Government Development Plan
LLG Lower Local Government
MEMD Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development
MOLG Ministry of Local Government
MWE Ministry of Water and Environment
MDGs Millennium Development Goals
NPA National Planning Authority
NGO Non-Governmental Organization
REA Rural Electrification Agency
UNDP United Nations Development Organization

Guidelines for Mainstreaming Energy
into District Development Plans and Annual Work Plans
FOREWORD
In consultation with representatives of Local Governments and Development Partners, the Ministry of Energy and
Mineral Development, (MEMD), has developed Guidelines for mainstreaming energy into District Development
Plans and Annual Work Plans.
The Guidelines are primarily to facilitate the relevant sectors in the Local Governments in identifying pertinent
energy issues and integrating mitigation measures and interventions into Local Government (LG) planning and
budgeting processes in alignment with the National Development Plan and the National aspirations as expressed
in the National Vision.
I therefore take the pleasure to introduce the guidelines and urge all players to follow them closely to achieve our
vision aspirations. At the heart of these guidelines is the recognition that effective consultation and consensus
building is critical for the development of sustainable energy solutions designed to increase energy access for the
realization of social and economic benefits.
The critical areas of Policy Framework and Institutional Framework as well as Statutory Consents Required for
Investments in the energy sector and their rationale, planning, capacity building, implementation, reporting,
evaluation and monitoring are included.
The guidelines provide for a cost effective framework structure for handling the energy mainstreaming process into
District Local Governments (DLGs), termed the District Energy Coordination Structure (DECS) and spell out the
terms of reference for the District Energy Focal Person who shall steer the process together with the District Planner.
The guidelines have been designed to clearly define the roles of key district officers, the district committees and
sectors, both administrative and legislative, the roles and responsibilities of all stakeholders outside the Local
Government (LG) structures, as well as the working structure within the Local Governments (LGs) and an interface
with the Ministry Of Energy and Mineral Development (MEMD).
Furthermore, the guidelines are designed and tailored to meet the requirements for decentralized energy management
in accordance with the Renewable Energy Policy for Uganda, (2007), the Local Government Act Cap 243, (1997)
and the Mandate and Priorities of the Ministry Of Energy and Mineral Development (MEMD).
In addition, these guidelines take cognisance of and should be used in conjunction with other guidelines already
developed in the area of Local Government Planning which provide detailed application.
The development of the Guidelines follows participatory processes, and on behalf of the Ministry of Energy and
Mineral Development, Government and on my own behalf, I wish to thank the various stakeholders who have
made valuable contributions through well-considered submissions that have been carefully taken into account in
finalizing these guidelines. Specifically I wish to extend my recognition and gratitude to the MEMD/GIZ- PREEP
energy decentralization task force members for all the efforts in development of the guidelines. I would like in a
special way to thank GIZ for the continued financial and technical support to the Ministry of Energy and Mineral
Development, (MEMD) and specifically for funding the development of these guidelines.
It is my wish, desire and belief that energy issues are incorporated in the coming Local Government Development
Plans, annual work plans and budgets which will in turn impact positively on the quality of service delivery in the
Local Governments.
Once again, I wish to appreciate all stakeholders for the contributions to the development of these guidelines and
I do call upon the Local governments and all stakeholders to utilize them in the development and implementation
of their development plans.
For God and My Country
Permanent Secretary
Ministry Of Energy and Mineral Development
Executive Summary
Energy Mainstreaming Guidelines and District Energy Focal Point

MEMD has been implementing energy related projects and programs in various parts of the
country, for several years. However, a quick and easy information flow as well as the coordination
of different energy related projects from both government and non-government organizations has
remained inadequate. Furthermore, there are many challenges affecting the energy sector with respect
to generation, distribution, consumption, efficiency and conservation of energy resources among others.
Energy accessed at the grass roots through decentralization is a very important strategy that will be promoted by
MEMD to effectively deliver energy services to the people of Uganda
There is, Therefore, a Need to Guide HLGs on How to:

- Integrate critical energy related issues into development plans and budget
- Establish a framework structure on HLG and LLG level for this process that assigns responsibility
for energy issues to relevant officers and committees. This structure is the District Energy
Coordination Structure.
- Define communication and information exchange between HLGs and MEMD.
The above named issues are addressed in a comprehensive manner by the energy mainstreaming guidelines that have
been developed MEMD with the support by GIZ Energy Programme Uganda and on the basis of the feedback and
input collected from the 17 Pilot District Local Governments in Lango and West Nile sub-region.
The Main Audience for the Guidelines

The main audiences of the guidelines are HLGs and LLGs and all other relevant stakeholders that feed into
development planning and budgeting processes as defined in the Local Government Development Planning
Guidelines. The guidelines will also be shared with central government ministries and parastatal institutions.
Vision
Energy issues are effectively mainstreamed into HLG Development Plans and Budgets by the end of FY 2020/21
on a nationwide scale
Objectives
The main objective of energy mainstreaming is to enhance the service delivery of all relevant HLG sectors and sub-
sectors through the integration of energy issues into HLG sector plans, budgets and activities.
Further objectives include:
- To ensure effective integration of energy issues into district sector plans and budget
- To strengthen the linkage, liaison and coordination between MEMD and other relevant ministries,
departments and agencies for effective planning and implementation of energy issues in HLGs
- To establish and strengthen the District Energy Coordination Structure at HLG and LLG levels, that relies
on already existing staff and committees in order to be cost effective
- To establish an information and data flow between HLGs and MEMD
- To build capacity of LGs and CSOs to handle energy issues within the various sectors
- To ensure that HLGs develop energy policy statements and integrate them into ordinances and by-laws
(LLGs)
Integrating Energy into the Planning Process

Energy issues are spread across all department and sectors of the HLGs and effective integration of these issues
into planning requires their exhaustive identification, assessing their impact, developing mitigation measures and
setting strategies for the implementation and budgeting of the specific identified interventions.
The guidelines explain the relevance of energy for each relevant sector and sub-sector, giving guiding questions
for the further analysis and list a number of possible interventions to address the identified energy issues.
Outlook and Milestones

The guidelines have already been disseminated to the 17 Pilot District Local Governments in Lango and West
Nile sub-region. A first training has been conducted to support these DLGs in applying the guidelines during the
creation of the District Development Plans for FY 2015/16-2019/20.

Financial year Milestones
Financial year 2014/15 - Creation of mainstreamed DDPs for 2015/16-2019/20
- Creation of mainstreamed annual work plans for 2015/16
- Establishment of District Energy Coordination Structures
Financial year 2015/16 - Implementation of mainstreamed annual work plans 2015/16


- Mid-term review DDPs for 2015/16-2019/20 and creation of revised
mainstreamed DDPs
1. BACKGROUND
1.1 Energy as a Key Input and Driver of Development
Energy is an essential resource that triggers sustainable development and enhances poverty reduction efforts in
both developed and developing countries. It affects all aspects of development, social, economic, and environmen-
tal, including livelihoods, access to water, agricultural productivity, health, , education, and gender-related issues.
None of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) can be met without major improvement in the quality and
quantity of energy services in developing countries. Nonetheless, Energy service delivery can negatively affect the
environment if not dealt with sustainably.
Uganda’s Vision 2040 seeks to have: “A Transformed Ugandan Society from a Peasant to a Modern and
Prosperous Country within 30 years”. Vision 2040 is conceptualized on harnessing strategic opportunities by
strengthening the relevant fundamentals capable of maximizing returns to the economy. The identified opportuni-
ties include: oil and gas, tourism, minerals, ICT business, abundant labor force, geographical location and trade,
water resources, industrialization, and agriculture. Vision 2040 also lists the fundamentals for development which
include: infrastructure (energy, transport, water, oil and gas, and ICT); Science, Technology, Engineering and
Innovation (STEI); land use and management; urbanization; human resource; and peace, security and defense.
Linkage between Energy and Millennium Development Goals
Goal Description Relevant

DLG Sector
1 Eradicate extreme poverty Increased modern energy is essential to cater for Production
and hunger jobs, industrial activity, transportation as well as a
transformed agriculture. Most African staple foods
need to be processed, conserved and cooked. This
requires the use of modern energy technologies.
2 Achieve universal primary Good educational facilities need electricity for Education,
education teaching aids as well as student dormitories and Works and
teacher staff houses. Many children, especially Technical
girls, do not attend school in order to satisfy family Services
subsistence needs.
3 Promote gender equality Lack of access to modern fuels and electricity Community-
and empower women affects women and thus leads to gender inequality. based services,
Household activities, mostly done by women, are Production,
made easier with modern energy, saving time. Time Natural
saved can be used for more productive activities. Resources
4 Reduce child mortality Diseases caused by poor quality water, and Health,
respiratory illness caused by the effects of indoor air Natural
pollution from traditional fuels and stoves, directly Resources
contribute to infant and child mortality.
5 Improved maternal health Women are disproportionately affected by Health
indoor air pollution and water- and food-borne Works and
illnesses. Lack of electricity in health clinics, poor Technical
illumination in maternity wards and strenuous daily Services
household chores all contribute to poor maternal
health, especially in rural areas.
1
6 Combat HIV/AIDS, Electricity for communication (radio and Health,
malaria and other diseases television) is needed to spread important public Works and
health information to combat deadly diseases. Also, Technical
electricity is needed for illumination, refrigeration, Services,
sterilization, etc for effective health services. Administration
7 Ensure environmental Energy production, distribution and consumption Natural
sustainability in Africa has many adverse effects on the local, Resources,
regional and global environment including indoor Production,
and air pollution, land degradation and climate Works and
change. Clean energy systems are hence needed to Technical
address environmental sustainability. Services
8 Develop a global The World Summit for Sustainable Development All DLG sectors
partnership for called for partnerships between public entities,
development development agencies, civil society and the
private sector to support sustainable development,
including the delivery of affordable, reliable and
environmentally sustainable energy services.
Table 1
1.2 The Role of Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development

The mandate of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development is “To establish, promote the development,
strategically manage and safeguard the rational and sustainable exploitation and utilization of energy and mineral
resources for social and economic development”.
The Renewable Energy Policy (REP) for Uganda (2007) has a vision to make modern renewable energy a sub-
stantial part of the national energy consumption, the overall policy goal being “To increase the use of modern
renewable energy, from the current 4% to 61% of total energy consumption by the year 2017”. Mainstreaming
energy issues into District Local Governments’ portfolios fits well within the policy framework of the Ministry.
93% of household energy consumption in Uganda is wood fuel and yet it is used inefficiently. In a bid to increase
modern energy access at the grass roots, the policy allows for District Energy Offices to be instituted under the
District Local Governments. They will work with LCs, NGOs, CBOs, the private sector and microfinance insti-
tutions (MFIs). The REP (2007) also allows for the creation of a District Energy Committee that includes officers
of key social sectors with energy relevance such as the District Water Engineer, the District Education Officer,
the District Health Officer and the District Agricultural Officer. At Lower Local Government level (LLG) a local
energy committee will be established.
MEMD has faced the challenge in Uganda of limited technical and institutional capacity in both the public and
private sectors, with the scale of operation inadequate to implement and manage renewable energy investments,
confounded by a lack of financing mechanisms.
MEMD has been implementing energy related projects and programs in various parts of the country, for several
years. However, a quick and easy information flow as well as the coordination of different energy related projects
from both government and non-government organizations has remained inadequate.
Furthermore, there are many challenges affecting the energy sector with respect to generation, distribution, con-
2
sumption, efficiency and conservation of energy resources among others.
Energy accessed at the grass roots through decentralization is a very important strategy that will be promoted by
MEMD to effectively deliver energy services to the people of Uganda.
Decentralization in Uganda was approved with implementation having started in 1995. There were 81 districts
in Uganda in 2007, when the plan for decentralizing energy activities at district level was made. This number
has since increased to 111 districts in 2014; therefore, establishing energy offices at HLG level proved to be more
costly than originally planned. Hence, mainstreaming energy at HLG level in combination with the establishment
of a District Energy Coordination Structure (DECS) provides a least-cost alternative.
1.3 Energy Issues on HLG and LLG Level – Baseline Situation
Various sectors on HLG and LLG level affect or are themselves affected by energy issues. Some district sectors are
heavy consumers of energy such as Administration, Education and Health. Schools and health centers require
energy in the form of firewood for cooking, power for lighting and cooling and various electrical equipments.
Other sectors and sub-sectors such as Natural Resources, Production, Water and Sanitation as well as Health and
Education provide energy resources that can be transformed into electricity or used as biomass energy fuels. It is
imperative that these resources be managed sustainably.
However, according to the REP, biomass contributes 90% of the primary energy demand in Uganda, while its
production and utilization is inefficient, leading to environmental degradation and resource depletion. Besides the
growing demand in private households, energy consumption in the production sector has greatly increased the
demand and use of biomass.
So far energy has not been established as a separate sector on HLG level, there being no responsible officer or
structures. Energy issues are therefore inadequately addressed at the relevant committee meetings on HLG level.
Awareness on HLG level about pertinent biomass energy or power related energy issues within the different
sectors is low, as with appropriate technologies and mitigation measures. Consequently energy issues are rarely in-
cluded and/or budgeted for by HLG departments in District Development Plans, annual work plans and budgets;
they are either neglected or addressed in an uncoordinated manner.
Furthermore there is no mechanism for information flow between MEMD and HLGs regarding relevant energy
related projects or information on appropriate energy technologies. Nor is there adequate data collection by
HLGs regarding MEMD planning processes.
Clearly energy use is never an end in itself but rather a means for achieving desired outcomes in different sectors
within HLGs. It is both a necessary ingredient for service delivery and a key driver of development. As such
energy is often concealed in other sector activities and operations where it should be given due attention during
planning and budgeting within the sectors.
There is, therefore, a need to guide HLGs on how to:
Integrate critical energy related issues into development plans and budget
Establish a framework structure on HLG and LLG level for this process that assigns responsibility for energy
issues to relevant officers and committees
Define communication and information exchange measures between HLGs and MEMD.
3
1.4 The Main Audience for the Guidelines
The main audiences of the guidelines are HLGs and LLGs and all other relevant stakeholders that feed into devel-
opment planning and budgeting processes as defined in the Local Government Development Planning Guide-
lines. The guidelines will also be shared with central government ministries and parastatal institutions.
1.5 The Scope of the Guidelines

The guidelines support the relevant sectors in identifying pertinent energy issues and integrating mitigation meas-
ures and interventions into LG planning and budgeting processes for the Financial Years 2015/16-2019/20, i.e.
the District Development Plan (DDP) and the Annual Work Plans.
The guidelines define a cost effective framework structure for handling this process, termed the District Energy
Coordination Structure (DECS). This spells out the terms of reference for the District Energy Focal Person who
shall steer this process together with the District Planner.
In this context, the guidelines define 1) the role of key district officers, the district committees and sectors, both
administrative and legislative, 2) the roles and responsibilities of all stakeholders outside the LG structures, 3) a
working structure within the LGs and an interface with MEMD.
1.6 Vision and Objectives of the Guidelines

1.6.1 Vision
Energy issues are effectively mainstreamed into HLG Development Plans and Budgets by the end of FY 2020/21
on a nationwide scale
1.6.2 Objectives
The main objective of energy mainstreaming is to enhance the service delivery of all relevant HLG sectors and
sub-sectors through the integration of energy issues into HLG sector plans, budgets and activities.
The proper utilization of the energy mainstreaming guidelines and the establishment of the District Energy Coor-
dination Structure are prescribed with the following objectives:
1. To ensure effective integration of energy issues into district sector plans and budgets
2. To strengthen the linkage, liaison and coordination between MEMD and other relevant ministries, depart-
ments and agencies for effective planning and implementation of energy issues in HLGs
3. To establish and strengthen the District Energy Coordination Structure at HLG and LLG levels
4. To establish an information and data flow between HLGs and MEMD
5. To build the capacity of LGs and CSOs in handling energy issues within the various sectors
6. To ensure that HLGs develop energy policy statements and integrate them into ordinances and by-laws (LLGs)
4
This shall contribute to the following outcomes and impacts
Reduced household income spending on lighting and cooking.
Provision of light, electricity based services and efficient cooking technologies in households and institutions.
Improved human health and increased lifespans of citizens due to the use of healthy energy sources.
Improved environmental sustainability through reduced utilization of resources, especially forests.
A reduction in poverty and improvement in the quality of life of the rural population, especially women and
children.
Improved socio-economic services e.g. education, health, water services, as well an improvement for small and
medium enterprises (SMEs) and the manufacturing sector.
More productive use of energy by businesses and enterprises.
Increased access to information on energy services available to both Government and NGOs.
Improved coordination between stakeholders in the energy sector on LG level
Improved awareness on energy and its related development issues.
A well-established coordination point for activities concerning energy issues (consumption, supply, demand,
efficiency, conservation, incentives) through the establishment of District Energy Coordination Structures.

1.6.3 Milestones
To achieve the above named objectives and outcomes, the following milestones will be set for completion by the
mid-term review of DDP II.
Financial year Milestones

Financial year 2014/15 - Creation of mainstreamed DDPs for 2015/16-2019/20
- Establishment of District Energy Coordination Structures



- Mid-term review DDPs for 2015/16-2019/20 and creation of revised

mainstreamed DDPs
Table 2
5
2. The Policy and Institutional Framework
2.1 Policy Framework
The relevant plans and policies that are relevant to energy mainstreaming on HLG level include but are not limit-
ed to:
The Uganda Vision 2040
The National Development Plan II (2015/16 - 2019/20)
The National Environmental Management Policy (1994) (under review process)
The Uganda Forestry Policy (2001)
The Energy Policy for Uganda (2002)
The Renewable Energy Policy for Uganda (2007)
The National Oil and Gas Policy for Uganda (NOGP), 2008
The Ugandan legal framework for the energy sector is compartmentalized, with no general law addressing issues
in the sector overall. However the relevant laws applicable to the energy sector for mainstreaming energy issues on
HLG level are as listed below.
The Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, (1995)
Rural Electrification Act (1999)
Local Governments Act Cap 243, (1997)
National NGO Policy 2010
Mining Act, 2003
Electricity Act, 1999/Electricity Regulations
Petroleum Act, 1964
Petroleum (Exploration and Production) (Conduct of Exploration Operations) Regulations of 1993
Petroleum (Exploration, Development, Production and Value Addition) Act, 2013
National Forestry and Tree Planting Act, (2003)
National Environmental Act Cap 153, (1995)
Water Act Cap 152, (1997)
Further information is available in Tables 12 and 13, Appendix 5.
6
2.2 Institutional Framework
In order to achieve the Government of Uganda’s policy objectives for energy resources, a number of institutions
are involved, each with its own mandate. These key institutions for the development of power generation projects
are highlighted in Table 14, Appendix 5.
2.3 Statutory Consents Required for Investments and their Rationale

As a part of the development process, developers intending to invest in the electricity sector are required to obtain
most or all the permits that are listed in Table 15, Appendix 5.
7
3. THE REQUIRED STRUCTURAL
FRAMEWORK FOR ENERGY
MAINSTREAMING AT HLG LEVEL
Successful mainstreaming and integration of energy issues into the District Development Plans for the period
2015/16 to 2019/20 as well as into the annual work plans for that phase will foster the assigned service delivery in
the key sectors and sub-sectors at HLG level. To achieve this, an adequate structural framework has to be put into
place.
This shall serve as the central interface between HLGs and MEMD.
In accordance with the constraints explained in the first chapter, a solution that is both functional and cost-
efficient is needed: this will be the District Energy Coordination Structure (DECS). The DECS relies on existing
committees and personnel on HLG and LLG level and will be coordinated by the District Energy Focal Person
(DEFP).
3.1 Role, Tasks and Responsibilities of the District Energy Focal Person
(DEFP)
Background
The DEFP receives an assignment of duty by the Chief Administrative Officer in writing. It is recommended
that the DEFP be a Natural Resources Officer, an Environment Officer or a Forest Officer as the energy
mainstreaming process will, to a large extent, be focused on biomass energy.
Through the background in Natural Resources the DEFP already has a high level of knowledge in the field of
biomass energy supply, on environmental compliance and environmental mitigation measures as well as some
knowledge in the field of efficient biomass energy solutions (household cooking stoves, institutional cooking
stoves and biomass waste-to-energy technologies).
Core duties
The DEFP coordinates the District Energy Coordination Structure
Dissemination of Guidelines
The DEFP ensures that the energy mainstreaming guidelines are shared with all members of the District Technical
Planning Committee (DTPC), the members of the District Executive Committee (DEC), the chairpersons of the
standing committees, the district councilors and the members of the stakeholder forum.
Representation of energy in relevant committees

The DEFP ably represents the topic of energy in the DTPC, in the Standing Committee for Production, Natural
Resources and Environment (PNER committee) as well as the District Planning Task Team to be set up for the
creation of DDP 2015/16-19/20.
Hosting DTPC sub-committee meetings

The DEFP hosts quarterly meetings of the DTPC sub-committee for energy, reuniting all relevant heads of
departments, to give them guidance on the energy mainstreaming process and to facilitate information exchange.
The minutes are to be attached to the M&E reports.
Sensitizing LLGs
The DEFP sensitizes the LLGs about energy mainstreaming and meets quarterly with the LLG-designated
environment focal point persons to involve them in the energy mainstreaming process.
8
Organizing stakeholder forums
The DEFP organizes quarterly stakeholder forum meetings that include donors, development partners, NGOs,
civil society organizations (CSOs), faith-based organizations (FBOs) and the private sector (please see Appendix
2, stakeholder forum).
Assistance in implementation
After the integration of energy mitigation measures into the DDP and Annual Work Plans, the DEFP assists the
departments in implementing these measures
The DEFP performs M&E and data collection

The duties of the DEFP concerning data collection and M&E are spelled out in chapter 5.
3.2 Role of the District Planning Unit and District Planner
The District Planning Unit (DPU) is mandated to coordinate planning and budgeting activities in the district.
The DPU oversees all planning processes and offers guidance to the different sectors and sub-sectors. It therefore
plays a pivotal role in ensuring that energy is adequately mainstreamed into the sector work plans and respective
chapters of the DDP in order to improve sector performance.
9
Key officers for a functional District Energy Coordination Structure (DECS)
Chief Administrative Officer:

- formally in charge of the Energy Mainstreaming Process
- appoints the District Energy Focal Person
- advises the District Planner to closely cooperate with the DEFP
MEMD
The MEMD Focal
Point Officer liaises
with the HLGs on
behalf of MEMD. District Energy Focal Person (DEFP): District Planner (DP):
- oversees the planning processes at
- coordinates the Focal Point HLG and LLG level
- supports the departments in energy - generally in charge of M&E
mainstreaming - provides the DEFP with the
- responsible for M&E and data required tech. guidance and support
collection
Higher Local Government level:

- DEFP and DP are represented in the Technical
Planning Committee
- DEFP is the secretary of the TPC-sub-committee for
energy mainstreaming chaired by the CAO
Stakeholder Forum: - DEFP reports to the Production, Environment and
- DEFP establishes and manages a stakeholder forum to Natural Resources Committee
involve relevant stakeholders outside the LGs in the - Other standing committees are informed by the
mainstreaming process respective heads of departments
- organizes quarterly meetings
- During the planning cycles of DDP II and annual work
plans DEFP and DP jointly ensure that all relevant
Lower Local Government level:
stakeholders feed into the mainstreaming process
- DEFP meets the LLG-environment focal persons
quarterly
- DEFP attends SC-environment committee meetings
and sensitizes them about energy mainstreaming
- During the planning cycles of DDP II and annual work
plans DEFP and DP jointly ensure that LLGs feed into the
mainstreaming process
10
District Energy Coordination Structure: The detailed HLG structure
Technocrats / Administrators Legislators / Councilors
The departments: The District Council:

The heads of the departments and their officers ensure that The District Council approves the mainstreamed new DDP as well as the
energy issues are mainstreamed into the DDP 15/16-19/20 and the mainstreamed annual work plans guided by the District Executive
annual work plans under the guidance of the DEFP and the District Committee (DEC).
Planner.
The District Executive Committee (DEC):

The DEC members scrutinize submissions from the standing committees
and then either forward them to the District Council for approval or
hand them back to the standing committees.
District Technical Planning Committee:
The DTPC committee is the central platform for all relevant That way they also ensure that energy mainstreaming is a pertinent issue
technocrats to discuss energy mainstreaming issues and to ensure during the respective standing committee meetings.
that they are captured in the new DDP as well the annual work
plans of the relevant sectors and sub-sectors.
The TPC reunites three major coordinators of the energy

mainstreaming process on administrative side: The CAO, the DEFP
and the District Planner.
The Production, Environment and Natural Resources Committee:

The PENR committee is the committee to which the DEFP reports
directly. It should therefore be extended to be the Production,
Natural Resources, Environment and Energy committee.
TPC subcommittee for energy: This attaches a special responsibility to the committee members,
Key members of the DTPC meet with the CAO, DEFP and District the secretary and chairperson of the PENR committee to oversee
Planner quarterly to foster the establishment of the focal point this process from the perspective of the district council/the
and the process of energy mainstreaming. legislators.
These key members shall be designated and appointed by the

Chief Administrative Officer. The other standing committees:
The standing committees scrutinize the work plans in the relevant
The minutes of these meetings are shared with the DTPC. sectors and sub-sectors. Hence, they have to play their part to
ensure that work plans are adequately mainstreamed.
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4. INTEGRATING ENERGY INTO THE
PLANNING PROCESS
Introduction
To effectively mainstream energy, it must be fully integrated into District Development Plans.
The goal of this chapter is therefore to give guidance on how to integrate energy issues into the HLG development
planning process for 2015/16-2019/20 and then consequently into the sector specific annual work plans of that
period. This analysis also entails the identification of energy investment potentials.
As HLG staff are familiar with the respective planning steps and furthermore receive adequate guidance from the
District Planner/District Planning Unit, this chapter will focus on the essential steps necessary to capture energy
issues appropriately.
4.1 Energy Investment Potentials
The key energy investment potentials in the district should be presented in the table below under each sector
Sector Opportunities Location
Table 3
Energy investment potentials can be among others:

A high amount of agricultural residues like coffee husks, rice
husks etc. that can be used for biomass fuels like briquettes or be
sold to commercial users (co-generation, process heat)
A trading center with many commercial power users still relying Picture
on diesel generators that could be eligible for grid extension or an
off-grid power supply system.
Waterfalls and rapids that might be used for hydro power Picture
generation
12
Sites with high solar radiation that could be turned into energy Picture
for commercial/productive use, for example for processing
and preserving agricultural goods (milling, husking, fruit juice
production, cooling of meat) or other business cases like for
example hairdressers, print shops, etc.
Abattoirs where animal waste could be used for biogas Picture

production.
Market sites where large amounts of bio waste are accumulated Picture
that could be turned into biogas
Table 4
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4.2 Energy Analysis
Energy-related issues are present across all departments and sectors of the HLGs and effective integration of these
issues into planning requires their exhaustive identification, assessment of their impact, development of mitiga-
tion measures and the setting up of strategies for the implementation and budgeting of specified interventions.
The key energy issues/problems faced by the HLGs are to be discussed, analyzed and thereafter integrated into the
matrix below.
It is the role of the DEFP and the District Planner to ensure that the energy analysis is properly carried out and
integrated into the DDP.
Sectors and Identified Causes Effects/ Strategies for Specific Possible Source
Subsectors Energy Impacts Mitigation Interventions Actors of Funds
Issues of Identified
Effects/
Impacts
Administration
Community-
based Services
Education
Health
Natural
Resources
Planning
Production and
Marketing
Works and
Technical
Services
Table 5
14
The following table gives an insight into the general energy issues on district level and can be used as basis for a
more in-depth sectoral analysis:
Key energy issues on district level
Energy issue Description
1. Depletion of wood fuel The consumption rate of wood fuel resources exceeds the regeneration of
resources resources due to insufficient reforestation and tree planting efforts, the use of
inefficient technologies and a lack of diversification of sources. This leads to
environmental degradation and advances climate change. It also poses a threat to
food security.
1.1 Insufficient tree planting Private households, private sector and public institutions are not sufficiently
and reforestation engaged in reforestation and tree planting to preserve wood fuel resources. Their
efforts are furthermore hampered by damaging practices such as bush burning.
1.2 Use of traditional Private households, private sector and public institutions predominantly rely on
and inefficient wood fuel inefficient wood fuel technologies for cooking, curing, smoking and charcoal
technologies production
1.3 Lack of knowledge about Private households, private sector and public institutions are not sensitized on
modern biomass energy modern efficient wood fuel technologies for cooking, curing, smoking, charcoal
technologies production and alternative technologies for the diversification of energy sources
(bio waste, bio gas etc.).
1.4 Lack of quality providers Artisans and entrepreneurs have not yet sufficiently embraced production, sales
for modern biomass and marketing of biomass technologies to cater for private households, private
energy technologies sector and public institutions on district level.
1.5 High expenditures Private households, private sector and public institutions spend more financial
resources than necessary on wood fuel and charcoal due to inefficient use.
1.6 Health risks The indoor air pollution caused by traditional cooking technologies in private
households, private sector and public institutions leads to respiratory diseases
(asthma, pneumonia etc.), especially among children and women and to a higher
infant mortality.
2. Insufficient access to Private households, private sector and public institutions do not have sufficient
modern electricity based access to modern electricity- based services, from basic services like lighting and
services phone charging to broader issues such as ICT, operation of medical equipment
(off-grid and grid- and the ability to make productive use of power by businesses and enterprises.
connected)
2.1 Inefficient use of Inefficient use of electricity in private households, private sector and public
electricity institutions leads to high power bills (threat of disconnection) or the premature
ageing of off-grid solar installations
2.2 Lack of knowledge about Private households, private sector and public institutions are not fully aware
modern off-grid power about the range of products available, the right sizing, the associated costs and
supply technologies financing mechanisms, from solar lanterns, solar home systems to institutional
and commercial solar PV systems.
2.3 Inadequate maintenance A large share of off-grid PV installations, especially in public institutions, are
of solar installations out of use due to inadequate maintenance and replacement of components. This
threatens the service delivery among others in administration units, health centers
and schools.
2.4 Lack of knowledge about Businesses and enterprises are not aware of the advantages of a grid connection
productive use of power for the production and processing of goods and the provision of services.
2.5 Lack of providers There is lack of quality providers for solar products from solar lanterns and home
for quality solar products systems to institutional and commercial solar PV systems.
2.6 High expenditures Private households, private sector and public institutions spend more financial
resources than necessary on lighting (kerosene, batteries), phone charging and
other electricity based services (fuel for generators).
2.7 Health risks Kerosene lanterns used in private households, private sector and public
institutions cause indoor air pollution and may also cause severe injuries to
children in case of accidents
Table 6
15
4.3 The Relevant Sectors and Sub-sectors
This chapter will show the impacts and effects of energy issues for each of the relevant sectors and sub-sectors. A
set of goals and possible interventions give further guidance to integrate energy issues into the planning process
and fill out the energy analysis matrix.
The interventions have been divided into three groups:
B1-B6: Biomass related interventions

E1-E6: Electricity related interventions
T1-T5: Awareness creation and trainings
A detailed explanation of each intervention can be found in chapter 4.4.
As a further tool for this analysis a set of guiding questions for each sector can be found in Annex 5.
4.3.1 Administration
Administration is among others responsible for the operation of administration units on HLG and LLG levels.
Impact of energy on sector operation and interventions:

The efficient use and sufficient availability of power in sector facilities are a precondition for appropriate service
delivery in the sector.
Administration units rely on the availability of information technology services for their efficient operations
(desktop computers and laptops, printers, data and web servers, phone charging). These devices consume power
and therefore, the efficient use of grid power helps to reduce costs. For off-grid solar installations, the right sizing,
procurement of quality components as well as the efficient use of power are paramount.
Public sector staff housing equipped with solar installations, starting with small DC solar systems for lighting and
phone charging, contributes to a higher motivation among staff and less absenteeism. Efficient cooking stoves for
wood fuel and charcoal in staff housing reduce wood fuel consumption and charcoal consumption. Perimeter
tree planting around institutional plots contributes to the provision of wood fuel, poles and timber and has other
positive effects such as prevention of encroachment on government land, wind protection, control of soil erosion
and creation of a favorable micro-climate. It also sets a good example for neighboring communities.
Possible interventions:
B1 Use of interlocking soil stabilized bricks (ISSB) for new HLG and LLG buildings and other
structures like water tanks, incinerators and latrines
B2 Provision of energy efficient cooking stoves in all staff housing
B5 Tree planting on institutional compounds
E1 Grid connection of administration units, health centers, schools and other HLG and LLG institutions
E2 Energy efficiency improvements at HLG and LLG institutions
E3 Energy efficient lighting
E4 Provision of small DC solar systems that provide lighting and phone charging for public institutions
E5 Maintenance of existing solar systems
E6 New off-grid solar systems for existing or newly constructed public institutions
Table 7 Details and a cost indication for each of the listed interventions are available in chapter 4.4, Intervention checklist
Target group/beneficiaries: District population, HLG and LLG staff
16
4.3.2 Community-based Services
The department is committed to creating an enabling environment for social protection and social transforma-
tion. Its establishment is aimed at addressing poverty alleviation, empowerment of vulnerable groups, socio-cul-
tural and economic development.

Expenses for firewood, kerosene and phone charging impinge on the public’s limited financials means that could
be used more productively. If those needs are not met efficiently this might hinder poverty alleviation and social
transformation. The use of appropriate energy technologies however supports the achievement of sector goals.
Efficient and clean cooking, lighting and phone charging contribute to the empowerment of vulnerable groups by
reducing household spending in these areas. Women and children furthermore spend less time collecting fire-
wood, time they can use to improve productivity and their wellbeing.
Tree planting, the production of energy efficient cooking stoves or other biomass energy- related activities like
briquetting, generate additional income and contribute to poverty alleviation. Such activities can for example be
carried out by youth or women’s groups. Solar phone charging can also be used for income generation in rural
communities.
Where buildings are attached to Community-based Services, their operations can benefit from the provision of
light and power (both off-grid and grid-connected). Perimeter tree planting around institutional plots contributes
to the provision of wood fuel, poles and timber, and has other positive effects such as prevention of encroachment
on government land, wind protection, control of soil erosion and creation of a favorable micro-climate.
B1 Using interlocking soil stabilized bricks (ISSB) for new HLG and LLG buildings and other
E4 Provision of small (DC) solar systems that provide lighting and phone charging for public
institutions
T2 Awareness creation about small off-grid solar products and efficient cooking technologies among
local communities
T3 Training of local communities and vulnerable groups to become active stakeholders in the biomass and
solar energy value chain to enhance their livelihood, health and foster social transformation
Target group/beneficiaries: Vulnerable groups (women, children, youth, persons with disabilities)
17
4.3.3 Education
The department is committed towards ensuring provision of quality education services for basic skills and human
capital development in the district.

The efficient use and sufficient availability of power and biomass energy in sector facilities are a precondition for
appropriate service delivery in the sector.
Schools are among the public institutions with the highest biomass energy consumption. Efficient institutional
cooking stoves in schools will reduce the burden on the wood fuel supply and also save costs.
The provision of solar lighting in the evening hours for learning purposes will raise the performance of pupils.
Latrines offer a potential for the production of biogas for cooking and lighting. This also contributes to a hygienic
and safer environment for school children.
Staff houses that are equipped with solar installations, starting with pico-solar systems for lighting and phone
charging contribute to a higher motivation among teachers and less absenteeism. Efficient cooking stoves for
wood fuel and charcoal should also be part of the energy equipment of each staff house.
Awareness creation about efficient cooking and tree planting at primary school level contributes to a more
efficient use of wood fuel resources.
Demarcating the boundaries of primary schools plots by planting trees contributes to the provision of wood fuel,
poles and timber and has other positive effects such as prevention of encroachment on government land, wind
protection, control of soil erosion and creation of favorable micro-climate.
B1 Use of interlocking bricks soil stabilized bricks for new HLG and LLG buildings
B2 Provision of energy efficient cooking stoves in all staff houses
B4 Provision of energy efficient institutional cooking stoves for schools
B6 Installation of biogas latrines
institutions
T1 Awareness creation about small solar products and efficient cooking technologies among teachers
Target group/beneficiaries: Teachers, pupils, parents
18
4.3.4 Health
The health department is committed to promoting good sanitation and hygiene, control of communicable diseas-
es and reduction of child and maternal diseases and mortality as well as provision of quality curative health care
services.

Energy affects the health sector in two ways. How it is used has an effect on the health status of the district popu-
lation and its use in sector facilities also affects service delivery in the sector.
The use of kerosene lamps and inefficient cooking technologies (stoves) are major sources of respiratory diseases,
especially among women, children and the elderly.
The depletion of wood fuel may cause malnutrition as people reduce their number of meals per day to cope with
fuel shortage; this especially affects children, exposing them to a higher risk of diseases and negatively affecting
infant development.
The depletion of wood fuel can furthermore cause the consumption of unsafe and non-sterilized water.
Health centers are institutions that rely on access to power (grid-connected/off-grid) for their service delivery. This
concerns the operation of laboratory equipment, cooling of vaccines and the provision of lighting and hot water
(sterilization, other purposes), for example in maternity wards. Kitchens with efficient cooking stoves ensure a
healthy environment and allow family members to cater for their relatives in a clean and efficient manner.
Staff housing is equipped with solar installations, starting with pico-solar systems for lighting and phone charging
contribute to a higher motivation among staff and less absenteeism. Efficient cooking stoves for wood fuel and
charcoal should also be part of the energy equipment of each staff house.
Demarcating the boundaries of health center plots by planting trees contributes to the provision of wood fuel,
poles and timber and has other positive effects such as prevention of encroachment on government land, wind
protection, control of soil erosion and creation of favorable micro-climate.
B1 Using interlocking bricks soil stabilized bricks for new HLG and LLG buildings
B2 Provision of energy efficient cooking stoves in all staff houses
B3 Provision of energy efficient cooking stoves at all health centers
institutions
T1 Awareness creation about small solar products and efficient cooking technologies among health
workers
Target group/beneficiaries: District population, patients, women, children, the elderly and staff
19
4.3.5 Natural Resources (Environment, Forestry, Wetlands, Lands)
The department is committed to promotion of sustainable natural resources management through the sub-sectors
Environment, Forestry. Wetlands and Lands.

The efficient use and an adequate supply of biomass energy resources, especially wood fuel, ensure sustainable
use of these resources. This has a positive impact on the health and nutrition status of the district population and
other environmental issues affecting it.
High wood fuel consumption and unregulated charcoal production in combination with an inadequate reforest-
ation lead to the depletion of wood fuel reserves. This process is also a driver of climate change; it results in soil
erosion and a higher risk of flooding due to the destruction of trees whose roots have the capacity to hold water in
the soils.
This process is driven by the widespread use of inefficient cooking practices for wood fuel in rural areas and char-
coal in urban growth centers.
Traditional practices like bush burning furthermore destroy wood lots and plantations and thus have a negative
impact on small-scale and large scale reforestation.
Organic and inorganic waste in urban growth centers presents an environmental burden and health risk that
could be alleviated by more effective energy generation (biogas, co-generation).
B4 Provision of energy efficient institutional cooking stoves for schools
T2 Awareness creation about small off-grid solar products and efficient cooking technologies among
local communities
T3 Training of local communities and vulnerable groups to become active stakeholders in the biomass
and solar energy value chain to enhance their livelihood, health and foster social transformation.
T4 Training of farmers to become active stakeholders in the biomass and solar energy value chain
Target group/beneficiaries: Farmers, private and commercial users of charcoal, local environment committees
(LEC)
20
4.3.6 Production (Agriculture, Veterinary, Commercial services, Marketing)
The production and marketing department is committed to transforming the production patterns from subsist-
ence to medium scale commercial farming to enhance household incomes and food security.

Applied knowledge about the efficient use of biomass energy resources and sustainable farming methods fosters
added value creation and nutrition security turning farmers into entrepreneurs in the energy sector.
Processing agricultural produce is often energy- intensive, either in terms of power consumption or consumption
of solid bio fuels. However, it allows for additional value generation.
For example traditional methods of tobacco curing (6kg of wood fuel for 1 kg of cured tobacco) impose a heavy
strain on wood fuel resources and thus impedes sustainable tobacco production. The high wood fuel consumption
favors the plantation of eucalyptus which is a fast growing tree with high demands for soil nutrients and ground
water.
Traditional methods of fish smoking require high amounts of wood fuel and thus prevents sustainable operation
and value addition.
Also the use of inefficient kilns for brick burning results in high wood fuel consumption. Sometimes even fruit or
shea butter trees are cut for this purpose which has a negative impact on agricultural value generation. The use of
fertile top soil for the bricks further reduces agriculture productivity.
The above issues can be addressed through the use of energy-efficient technologies or also alternative technologies
(for example the use of interlocking bricks for construction).
Farmers have several options for the production of wood fuel. For example, agro-forestry methods, perimeter tree
planting and hedge rows on sloped fields prevent erosion, increase soil fertility and provide additional wood fuel.
Another option is the plantation of fodder trees that enrich the soils with nitrogen, provide additional wood fuel
and animal fodder. Fodder trees are essential for zero-grassing that can be combined with the production of biogas
from cow dung.
Bio and crop waste can also be part of value generation in the agricultural sector, too, through the use of biogas,
briquetting and carbonization technologies (cow dung, coffee husks, rice husks, residues from sisal rope produc-
tion etc.)
Cooperative groups and SACCOs can be an entry point to finance efficient solar and biomass energy technologies
for farmers if sensitized properly (solar driers, efficient smoking and curing).
Cooperative groups, SACCOs, SMEs and agribusiness enterprises benefit from an interaction with the respective
renewable energy associations in Uganda. These can provide them with market linkages and information about
appropriate technologies.
Solar lighting makes it possible to use market sheds after night fall and hence promotes sales of agricultural pro-
duce.
Demarcating the boundaries of sector buildings and institutions by planting trees contributes to the provision of
wood fuel, poles and timber and has other positive effects such as prevention of encroachment on government
land, wind protection, control of soil erosion and creation of favorable micro-climate.
21
institutions
T3 Training of vulnerable groups to become actives stakeholders in the biomass and solar energy value
chain to enhance their livelihood, health and foster social transformation
T4 Training of farmers to become entrepreneurs in the biomass and solar energy value chain
T5 Promotion of productive use of power
Target group/beneficiaries: Farmers, producers and processers of agricultural goods, fishermen, SMEs,
cooperatives
4.3.7 Works and Technical Services
The department is committed to the provision of adequate clean and safe water and sanitation in public institu-
tions as well as ensuring the provision of efficient road networks and maintaining safe buildings through improv-
ing the road conditions particularly feeder roads and maintenance of other infrastructure. It is primarily a service
sector that supports other departments.

As a service department Works and Technical Services should ensure that all new (and existing) public institutions
are equipped with the appropriate energy solutions (grid connection, off-grid solar, efficient cooking stoves, biogas
production) that are necessary for an appropriate service delivery.
Sanitation in public institutions such as schools can be an entry point for the use of human waste for biogas pro-
duction and use. Solar pumping systems can help to increase the access to safe water.
Environmental mitigation measures like tree planting for construction of new roads, construction of public insti-
tutions can have a positive effect on the availability of wood fuel resources.
Demarcating the plots of public institutions by planting trees contributes to the provision of wood fuel and
timber. This has other positive effects such as prevention of encroachment and wind protection It also sets good
example for neighboring communities.
22
institutions
Target group/beneficiaries: District population, pupils and teachers, health center staff and patients, HLG and
LLG staff.
4.4 Intervention Checklist
Both technical biomass energy interventions and power related energy interventions can be categorized depending
on their costs. There are a number of interventions that produce only very limited or moderate costs not
exceeding 1-1.5 Mio UGX and those that require considerably higher investments. The intervention checklist
therefore indicates the cost range of each intervention to facilitate the planning process.
In the field of biomass energy for example household cooking stoves, both locally built versions or those
distributed by specialized companies and smaller institutional cooking stoves making use of local materials (mud,
clay, anthill soil, grass, saw dust etc.) as well as supply side activities (tree planting, tree nurseries), fall into the
category of limited or moderate costs.
In the field of power the provision of basic electricity based services also falls into the moderate cost category.
Such systems can also be installed by non-electricians and are mostly sold as boxed products, offering services
like lighting and phone charging. These interventions nevertheless have a huge impact on the environment,
livelihoods, social transformation and economic development. They are therefore best suited to be implemented
at HLG or LLG level.
The interventions have been divided into three groups:
B1-B6: Biomass related interventions

E1-E6: Electricity related interventions
T1-T5: Awareness creation and trainings
Please note that this list does not claim to be complete, but covers a wide range of possible interventions. The
District Energy Focal Person shall assist the sectors in identifying and costing other possible interventions.
For the moment budget allocation has to come from existing financial sources, until budgets are available from
conditional grants for implementation if budget becomes a constraint in implementation of specific interventions.
Funds that can be used for the listed intervention are mainly discretionary funds and local revenue. The
possibilities for conditional grants have to be examined to see which interventions can be covered by them (please
check OBT outputs). For example PRDP II can be used for photovoltaic installations.
23
Almost all of the named interventions also mitigate climate change and environment issues and are appropriate
mitigation measures.
Please note that the cost indicators need local verification and vary from region to region as well as with time.
B1: Using interlocking soil stabilized bricks (ISSB) for new HLG and LLG buildings and other structures like
water tanks, incinerators and latrines
New buildings are erected using interlocking soil stabilized bricks that can also be produced locally.
The slightly higher price of the bricks is compensated through the reduced use of cement and the longer life
span of such buildings.
Several HLGs maintain hydraform machines, alternatively ISSB can also be produced by using manual brick
making machines.
Cost indication: An interlocking brick costs around 400 UGX in comparison to a burned brick at around 150
UGX. During the construction process these additional costs are mitigated through the greatly reduced use of
cement and the better durability of the interlocking bricks. A hand press for interlocking bricks can be acquired
for around 3.6 Mio UGX.
Relevant sectors and Administration, Community-based Services, Education, Health, Works and
subsectors Technical Services
Funding sources Local revenue, discretionary funds, please check conditions of conditional grants,
funds from donors and development partners
Possible partners and Donors, development partners, private sector, CBOs
providers
Further information about Please see Annex 1, Interlocking Soil Stabilized Bricks ISSB
technology
Table 14
B2: Provision of energy efficient cooking stoves in all staff housing

All existing and new staff houses are equipped with efficient cooking stoves for firewood and charcoal.
Locally made mud stoves, for example shielded firewood stoves, as well as quality stoves that are distributed by
specialized companies are very cost efficient.
Cost indication: The investment per unit will normally not exceed 30,000-40000 UGX if every resident is
provided with one small and medium size household rocket stove.
Relevant sectors and Administration, Education, Health, Natural Resources (Environment) Works and
subsectors Technical Services
Possible partners and Stove builders, stove manufacturing companies, stove CBOs
providers
Further information about Please see Annex 1, Household rocket energy saving cooking stoves
technology
Table 15
24
B3: Provision of energy efficient cooking stoves at all health centers
New and existing health centers should also be equipped with efficient cooking stoves. This helps to create a
clean and healthy environment for the patients and saves firewood resources. Family members who cooking for
inmates should also be familiarized with the technology.
Locally made mud stoves, for example shielded firewood stoves, are well suited for this purpose.
Cost indication: The investment per stove will normally not exceed 15,000-20,000 UGX and overall costs for
equipping a whole kitchen might entail approximately 300,000 UGX.
Relevant sectors and Health, Natural Resources (Environment), Works and Technical Services
subsectors
Possible partners and Stove builders, stove manufacturing companies, stove CBOs
providers
Further information about Please see Annex 1, Household rocket energy saving cooking stoves
technology
Table 16
B4: Provision of energy efficient institutional cooking stoves for schools
New and existing primary schools that provide meals to pupils should be equipped with energy efficient cooking
stoves. This helps to create a clean and healthy environment for the pupils and cuts firewood consumption for
cooking by up to 50%.
Cost indication: Larger rocket firewood mud stoves can be used to prepare meals for 150-250 pupils. Local
artisans charge around 300,000-400,000 UGX for their construction.
To provide meals for a larger number of pupils the construction of a brick and mortar institutional cooking
stove is necessary. The construction of such a stove might cost around 5-6 Million UGX.
Depending on the number of required stoves and the existence/absence of a kitchen structure the actual costs
may be higher.
The use of efficient institutional cooking stoves should always be coupled with a shelter for the fire wood where
it stays dry, to maximize the overall efficiency.
The investment costs will be off-set through the reduced expenses for firewood.
Relevant sectors and Education, Natural Resources (Environment),Works and Technical Services
subsectors
funds from donors and development partners, PTAs
Possible partners and Donors, development partners, PTAs, finance institutions, stove builders, stove
providers CBOs, private sector
Further information about Please see Annex 1, Institutional rocket energy saving stove
technology
Table 17
25
B5: Tree planting on institutional compounds
Perimeter planting around the compounds of public institutions in all relevant sectors provides wood fuel and
timber. Where possible wood lots for firewood and timber production should be planted and maintained.
This can be combined with the creation of tree nurseries, for example at Primary Schools, where pupils then
take care of the seedlings and planted trees.
Care of the trees can be assigned to pupils or could be contracted to local (vulnerable) groups as an income
generating activity.
Cost indication: The cost for a tree seedling range between 200-800 UGX depending on the species.
Establishing a local tree nursery at a school or sub-county headquarter amounts to 2-3 Million UGX.
Relevant sectors and Administration, Finance, Community-based Services, Education, Health,

subsectors Production, Natural Resources (Environment, Forestry)
Possible partners and Donors, development partners, PTAs, local groups and CBOs
providers
Table 18
B6: Installation of biogas latrines

New latrines at schools and health centers are built using the bio latrine technology. The biogas produced from
human waste and animal waste can be used for lighting, cooking and power generation.
Cost indication: In comparison to institutional cooking stoves biogas latrines have considerably higher
upfront costs and might necessitate an investment of 15-30 Million UGX per school depending on the size.
As the biogas itself is a cost-free replacement for fire wood this helps to off-set the investment costs of such
installations.
Relevant sectors and Education, Health

subsectors
Possible partners and Donors, development partners, NGOs, PTAs, private sector
providers
Further information about Please see Annex 1, biolatrines
technology
Table 19
26
E1: Grid connection of administration units, health centers, schools and other HLG and LLG institutions
This possibility might open up during an on-going grid extension program.
Getting a grid-connection might require the payment of a connection fee (no-pole connection, one or more
pole connection).
The internal wiring of the building has to fulfill the requirement of the Electricity Regulatory Authority (ERA).
If not, the wiring has to be upgraded to this standard.
If the administration unit is not located near to the next transformer, a grid connection might not be feasible.
Cost indication: Depending on the above-mentioned factors the required investment might range between
several 100,000 UGX to several Million UGX. Further information can be requested from the local power
company.
A grid-connection always has to be coupled with a budget for recurring power expenditures.
Appropriate budgeting requires an analysis of the power loads of a specific public institution to acquire a realistic
estimate of the power consumption and also of saving potentials. An assessment of the power consumption can
be done by a competent electrician.
Relevant sectors and Administration, Community-based Services, Education, Health, Production, Works
subsectors and Technical Services
Possible partners and Rural Electrification Agency (REA), donors, development partners, Local Power
providers company, ERA certified electricians
Table 20
E2: Energy efficiency improvements at HLG and LLG institutions

Energy efficiency improvements in HLG and LLG institutions contribute to the reduction of power
consumption (IT appliances, lighting) both in grid-connected and off-grid administration units.
The introduction of prepaid power meters might make such a step inevitable, as any excess consumption beyond
the budgeted funds leads to automatic disconnection.
Energy saving power settings for computers and laptops as well as appropriate user behavior patterns can result
in considerable savings. Where a staff member is responsible for ITC equipment, this should be added to his
duties. More thorough assessments have to be done by a certified energy auditor.
Cost indication: A successful energy audit will reduce the power bill and extend the life span of solar off-grid
systems. This off-sets the cost for engaging a competent energy auditor.
Relevant sectors and Administration, Community-based Services, Education, Health, Production

subsectors
Possible partners and MEMD, development partners , Uganda Energy Auditors Association (UEAA), IT
providers experts
Further information about Please see Annex 1, Energy efficient appliances, Energy efficient lighting
technology
Table 21
27
E3: Energy efficient lighting
Traditional incandescent bulbs consuming 50-60W can be replaced by energy saver bulbs (CFL) that consume
only 9-15W but provide the same amount of light.
Switching from CFL to light emitting diode (LED) bulbs will further reduce energy consumption by another
50%.
For example, the energy consumption of a solar system with 5 CFL bulbs of 18W used for 12 hours during the
night would go down by more than 1 kWh/night to just 0,5 kWh using 5 LEDs.
Cost indication: Depending on their light output the market price for LED bulbs ranges between 7,000-
20,000 UGX per piece, on average they are around 50% more expensive than CFL bulbs.
Extra costs incurred during procurement are off-set through the long life span of LED bulbs (up to 20,000
hours) and their positive effect on battery life spans.
Sizing solar installations for the use of LEDS allows reducing the size of components like solar panels and
batteries and therefore makes solar installations less costly.

subsectors
Local revenue, discretionary funds, please check conditions of conditional grants,
Funding sources funds from donors and development partners
Possible partners and Donors, development partners, NGOs, suppliers of quality solar products
providers
Further information about Please see Annex 1, Energy efficient lighting
technology
Table 22
E4: Provision of small solar systems (DC) that provide lighting and phone charging for public institutions
Such preconfigured systems are available on the Ugandan market. They are considerably cheaper due to their
reduced functionality. They provide so called DC power.
These can make a big difference, for example when they are installed in staff housing where they improve the
quality of living of the occupants and prevent low motivation and absenteeism.
They can provide sufficient light for staff housing, health centers, schools (class room blocks and dormitories),
community halls and market sheds. Their installation can be completed safely by trained persons and does not
require an electrician.
Cost indication: Depending on their size, systems can be purchased for 300,000 to around 1.5 Million UGX.
Relevant sectors and Community-based Services, Education, Health, Production
subsectors
Possible partners and Donors, development partners, NGOs, suppliers of solar products
providers
Further information about Please see Annex 1, Solar photovoltaic systems
technology
Table 23
28
E5: Maintenance of existing solar systems
Components of solar systems have varying life spans. While solar panels have a life span of 20-30 years, a battery
life span might range from 3-6 years.
In most cases defunct solar systems need a battery replacement to restore functionality.
As the price of solar panels (UGX per Wp) has drastically declined over the recent years, batteries now represent
the greatest cost factor in an off-grid solar system.
The market prize for a new battery with a storage capacity of 200 AH ranges between 600,000 UGX to 1
Million UGX depending on the quality (depth of discharge, cycles).
Other components that might have to be replaced after 5-10 years include the charge controller or the inverter.
Overhauling a solar system should also involve a load analysis in order to adjust the sizing appropriately
(inverter, solar panel array) to ensure a long battery life span.
Switching from energy saver (CFL) to LED bulbs might reduce the light-related load by 50% and hence allows
scaling down the size of the replacement battery system.
Overhauling a system should include an analysis of the lighting protection. If the lightning protection is
neglected this could result in costly damage to the whole system.
If a defunct system was primarily used for lighting and/or phone charging the replacement through a small solar
system (DC) might be more cost-efficient.
The assessment of the system has to be done by a qualified solar technician.
Cost indication: Depending on the components to be replaced, maintenance will likely be in the range of
100,000 UGX to 5 Mio. UGX. A comprehensive price list of solar components can be found in the annex of
this document or should be requested from suppliers of solar products.

subsectors
Possible partners and Donors, development partners, NGOs, suppliers of solar products and solar
providers companies, trained solar technicians
technology
Table 24
29
E6: New off-grid solar systems for existing or newly constructed public institutions
The life span of a solar system depends on the use of quality components and the right sizing.
The sizing requires a careful analysis of the given load and foreseeable additional loads to ensure a long life span
of components such as the inverter and the batteries.
The supplier data base of Procurement and Disposal of Public Assets Authority (PPDA) gives the District Local
Governments guidance on possible prequalified contractors who could be invited for selective bidding.
The choice between systems providing AC power, which can be used for all (single phase) electric appliances and
DC systems mainly providing lighting and phone charging depends on the main purpose of the installation of
such a system.
DC systems are in general less costly and can be purchased as preconfigured systems and installed by non-
electricians.
The assessment for the sizing of the system has to be done on the basis of the existing loads (computers, printers,
fridges, lights etc.). This should preferably be done by a trained solar technician or by using a load calculation
sheet.
Cost indication: A DC solar system in staff housing for lighting and phone charging is prized at around
300,000 UGX to 400,000 UGX. Bigger systems, for example for class room blocks may cost up to 1.2 Million
UGX.
An AC system for a HLG or LLG institution that provides grid-quality power for electric appliances will likely
cost 3 Mio. UGX to 20 Mio. UGX depending on the type and number of appliances to be used.

subsectors
Possible partners and Donors, development partners, PPDA, suppliers of solar products and solar
providers companies, trained solar technicians.
technology
Table 25
30
T1 Awareness creation about small solar products and efficient cooking technologies among teachers and health
workers
Due to the large number of teachers and health workers in a district, they are potentially good multipliers for
the use of solar lanterns, solar home systems and of clean cooking technologies and should be reached through
adequate awareness creation measures.
Where possible awareness creation should be integrated into staff meetings or other training activities that
reach out to these staff groups. Stove builders, suppliers of solar products and microfinance institutions can be
encouraged to present their products and services as this provides them with new business opportunities.
Cost indication: By integrating awareness creation into existing activities and by involving the private sector,
costs can be reduced to a minimum.
Relevant sectors and Education, Health, Natural Resources (Environment)

subsectors
Possible partners and Donors, development partners, NGOs, private sector, suppliers of small scale solar
providers products, suppliers of efficient cooking stoves, stove builders and groups of local
artisans and microfinance institutions, local radio stations
Further information about Please see Annex 1, Solar photovoltaic systems, Household rocket energy saving
technology cooking stoves
Table 26
T2: Awareness creation about small off-grid solar products and efficient cooking technologies among local
communities
Awareness creation about small off-grid solar products and efficient cooking shall lead to higher adoption rates
in local communities. Such technologies include solar lanterns, solar phone chargers, solar home systems and
efficient household cooking stoves.
Awareness creation can be done at HLG functions such as Women’s day, World Environment Day or World
Food Day or World Health Day. Stove builders, suppliers of solar products and microfinance institutions can be
encouraged to present their products and services as this provides with new business opportunities.
Radio talk shows that thematize related issues can also be good entry points for the promotion of such
technologies.
Cost indication: By integrating awareness creation into existing activities and by involving the private sector,
costs can be reduced to a minimum.
Relevant sectors and Community-based Services, Health, Natural Resources (Environment) Production,
subsectors
funds from donors and development partners, local radio stations
Possible partners and Donors, development partners, NGOs, private sector, suppliers of small scale solar
providers products, suppliers of efficient cooking stoves, stove builders and groups of local
artisans and microfinance institutions
technology cooking stoves
Table 27
31
T3: Training of local communities and vulnerable groups to become actives stakeholders in the biomass and
solar energy value chain to enhance their livelihood, health and foster social transformation.
Local communities and vulnerable groups are trained on small scale and low cost biomass and solar technologies
including…
- The production, use and sale of efficient household cooking stoves

- The refinement of solid bio and agro-waste into marketable energy products (briquetting, small scale
charcoal production using gasifier stoves)
- Production of interlocking soil stabilized bricks (ISSB) to reduce firewood consumption
- Sewing and sale of cooking bags
- Solar fruit drying
- Etc…
Local communities and vulnerable groups should furthermore be trained on…
- Production and sale of tree seedlings

- The creation and maintenance of fire wood lots for the production and selling of firewood
Local communities and vulnerable groups could furthermore be trained on how to sell and market small scale
solar products like solar lanterns or the provision of solar phone chargers. Only by linking such activities to
income generation and social transformation can they become sustainable.
Such interventions might also involve the construction/display of the required technologies at demonstration
sites.
Cost indication: A one day training might cost around 1-4 Million UGX depending on the number of
participants, invited experts and technologies to be demonstrated, and should not divert resources away from
other HLG trainings for local communities and groups.
Activities should be harmonized with the activities of development partners or NGOs who are already active in
this field, to be more cost effective and to create synergies.
Relevant sectors and Community-based Services, Natural Resources (Environment, Forestry),

subsectors Production (Agriculture)
Possible partners and Donors, development partners, NGOs, CBOs, stove builders and groups, local
providers artisans, distributors of small off-grid-solar products, SACCOs, microfinance
institutions
technology cooking stoves, Gasification technology, Briquetting technology, Interlocking Soil
Stabilized Bricks (ISSB), Use of direct sunlight
Table 28
32
T4 Training of farmers to become entrepreneurs in the biomass and solar energy value chain
Farmers should be trained:
- on the different options of producing firewood effectively and sustainably (boundary planting,
hedgerow planting, wood lots, coppice trees etc…)
- on efficient small scale charcoal production methods
- on how to process bio and agro waste like coffee husks, rice husks and maize cobs (briquetting,
charcoal production etc.) into marketable products and how to market and sell them.
- on energy efficient tobacco curing technologies to use improved curing barns
- on solar fruit drying.
- specifically Fish farmers, fishermen and fish mongers should be trained on energy efficient fish smoking
using improved fish smoking ovens
To minimize costs, these trainings should be conducted in the form of ToTs (training of trainers). Such
interventions might also involve the construction/display of the required technologies at demonstration sites.
Cost indication: A one day training might cost around 1-4 Million UGX depending on the number of
participants, invited experts and the technologies to be demonstrated. Costs should not divert resources away
from other HLG trainings for farmers.
Activities should be harmonized with activities of development partners or NGOs who are already active in this
field, to be more cost effective and to create synergies.
Relevant sectors and Production (Agriculture, Fisheries), Natural Resources (Environment, Forestry)
subsectors
Possible partners and Donors, development partners, NGOs, Farmers’ associations, cooperatives, tobacco
providers companies, microfinance institutions, private sector
Further information about Please see Annex 1, Gasification technology, Briquetting technology, Use of direct
technology sunlight
Table 29
33
T5 Promotion of productive use of energy for income generation and enterprise development
Potential productive users/SMEs should be sensitized about the advantages of using grid power, solar power and
the efficient use of biomass energy for income generation.
This is especially important in areas that will be reached by a grid extension program. Millers (maize, cassava)
are one of the key target groups for such an activity. Sensitization activities should be coordinated with the local
power company.
Potentials productive users are furthermore sensitized about off-grid solar technologies like solar phone charging
for income generation.
Such trainings can also be conducted for heavy biomass energy users like bakeries.
These training should encourage members of the public to use energy resources for enterprise and business
development.
Cost indication: A one day training might cost around 1-4 Mio UGX depending on the number of participants
and invited experts.
Relevant sectors and Production

subsectors
Possible partners and Development partners, local power companies, the Biomass Energy Efficient
providers Technologies Association (BEETA), local business community, suppliers of solar
products, local radio stations
Table 30
34
5. MONITORING AND EVALUATION,
COMMUNICATION
5.1 Integrating Monitoring and Evaluation into the Mainstreaming of

Energy Issues
The core purpose for M&E in the mainstreaming process is to strengthen the process of integrating energy issues
into HLG plans and budgets. The system will provide information in regular progress reports to suppport or-
ganizations. The M&E system will also provide analysis to identify concrete improvements in the mainstreaming
process.
Objectives of the M&E system:
To enable all stakeholders involved in the main streaming process to track performance and to draw from lessons
learned and integrate them into the decision making process.
To provide a tool for reporting between the MEMD and the HLGs and for taking corrective actions in the main-
streaming process
Reporting to the stakeholders for accountability
The process of M&E in energy mainstreaming shall ultimately be reflected in the work plans, budget and imple-
mentation of energy related activities in the various sectors and subsectors at the HLG level.
Roles and responsibilities of the stakeholders involved in the M&E process
As spelled out in the ToRs of the DEFP, he/she along with the District Planner, shall perform the required Mon-
itoring and Evaluation (M&E) activities on behalf of the CAO and shall compile a quarterly M&E report for the
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development (MEMD).
During the pilot phase MEMD/GIZ PREEEP shall conduct routine monitoring activities to track the progress of
the District Energy Coordination Structure and the overall mainstreaming process.
Quarterly reports shall be submitted to the CAO, who endorses them, before they are forwarded to the focal
point officer at MEMD. The report shall be shared with the District Planning Unit, the Technical Planning
Committee, the PNER committee and District Council. Thus, the reports can give guidance to further planning
processes.
In order to compile the M&E reports the District Energy Focal Person relies on the cooperation of all relevant
sectors and sub-sectors. To ensure compilation of the reports, the Chief Administrative Officer shall advise them
accordingly.
The sectors shall share their submissions to the respective standing committees with the DEFP (reports, work
plans) and highlight relevant interventions. They furthermore shall extract from their sector specific M&E sub-
mission all relevant interventions, that support the energy mainstreaming process and compile them in a stand-
ardized template to be forwarded to the District Energy Focal Person.
35
The following indicators will be used for the purpose of M&E:
Outcome Output Performance Baseline Targets Targets Targets

Indicator FY 2014/15 FY 2015/16 2016/17
Energy Energy issues Percentage of No systematic 65% of 65% of 65% of targeted
issues main- mainstreamed HLGs with mainstreaming targeted HLGs targeted HLGs
streamed on into DDPs mainstreamed HLGs
HLG level DDPs
Energy Percentage of No systematic 55% of 65% of targeted
mainstreamed HLGs with mainstreaming targeted HLGs
into AWPs mainstreamed - HLGs
AWPs
District Percentage of No DECS 65% 75% 85%

Energy HLGs with a established
Coordination functioning
Structure DECS
established
Funds Increment Low level of 5% 10% 15%
allocated to in funds allocation (base
address energy allocation line 2014/15)
issues
Increased Active Percentage No stakeholder 65% of 75% of 85% of targeted
awareness stakeholder of active forums targeted HLGs targeted HLGs
about energy forums stakeholder HLGs
issues and forums
technologies Trainings Percentage No specific 65% of 75% of 85% of targeted
at DLG and Capacity of HLGs trainings targeted HLGs targeted HLGs conduct
level buildings for conducting conduct 2 HLGs 2 trainings per
HLG staff trainings trainings per conduct 2 year
conducted year trainings per
year
Table 31
Baseline conditions for energy mainstreaming in LGs
So far, energy has not been established as a separate sector on HLG level and there is no responsible officer or
structure. Energy issues are therefore not well captured as a topic in the relevant committee meetings at the HLG
and LLG level. There is also low awareness on HLG level about the pertinent biomass energy or power-relat-
ed energy issues within the different sectors, and low awareness about appropriate technologies and mitigation
measures. Consequently, energy issues are rarely included and/or budgeted for by the district sectors in District
Development Plans, annual work plans and budgets. They are either neglected or addressed in an uncoordinated
manner.
Furthermore there is no mechanism for information flow between MEMD and HLGs regarding relevant energy
related projects and information about appropriate energy technologies, as well as no data collection by HLGs for
MEMD planning processes.
36
The table below defines the framework and scope of M&E for energy mainstreaming:
Mainstreaming Information Methods of Sources of Intervall Responsible person

component to be required data collection information of data
evaluated collection
Energy issues Energy activities Review of DDPs, AWPs Once per District Planner
integrated into budgeted for in reports, data of HLGs quarter
district sector DDPs and AWPs collection
plans and budgets template
Establish and Energy issues well Review of Minutes Once per Energy Focal Point
strengthen a represented at the Minutes of of DTPC, quarter Officer MEMD
District Energy DTPC PNER, DEC, DTPC, PNER, PNER, DEC,
Coordination District Council and DEC, District District
Structure LLG environment Council Council
committee meetings and LLG and LLG
environment
environment
committee
meetings committee
meetings
Enable HLGs have all Field surveys Interview with Once per Energy Focal Point
information flow information regarding HLG staff quarter Officer MEMD
and coordination energy policies
between MEMD and strategies from
and HLGs MEMD
Build capacity of Capacity Building Review of Minutes of Once per Energy Focal Point
LGs and CSOs trainings and minutes meetings quarter Officer MEMD
to handle energy workshops
issues within
various sectors
Table 32
In order to support the M&E process, the District Planner requests all departments to extract relevant informa-
tion about energy-related activities from their sector M&E submissions and compile these appropriately. The
District Planner then forwards all M&E submissions to the DEFP who feeds it into the quarterly M&E reports.
37
The template below might be used for this purpose:
Description of the intervention: Finding/Remark

Amount and source of funds used for the intervention:
State of intervention (unfinished, accomplished)
Impact of intervention
Challenges encountered (for example need for capacity
building in the sector)
Who monitors
When to monitor
Recommendations and way forward
Table 33
5.2 Data Collection

The energy mainstreaming process depends on proper data collection. This process is guided by the District
Energy Focal Person. The DEFP relies on the cooperation and support of the sectors to provide him/her with all
relevant information. To ensure this the Chief Administrative Officer shall advise the sectors accordingly.
On request by Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development the District Energy Focal Person also collects rele-
vant data for MEMD. This might include among others:
The adoption rate of energy saving technologies in public institutions, households and private sector
Energy potentials (biomass quantities, number of schools, health centers etc)
Specific energy related challenges
Relevant activities by other stakeholders (donors, development partners, NGOs, private sector)
The District Energy Focal Person will perform 5-6 field trips per quarter for data collection including M&E.
During those field trips, the DEFP will inspect a selection of projects out of the sector submissions. Their findings
shall also be incorporated into the quarterly M&E reports. DEFP also relies on the support of the LLG environ-
ment focal persons.
Reporting M&E findings
The District Energy Focal Person will compile the quarterly M&E report for energy mainstreaming on the basis
of the submitted templates for MEMD. Based on the feedback from the sectors and sub-sectors the DEFP will
evaluate and indicate the sector-specific state of energy mainstreaming for the HLG.
5.3 Communication of M&E Findings
The Chief Administrative Officer is formally responsible for the communication and information flow between
the HLG and MEMD. In accordance with the ToRs of the DEFP, the CAO delegates the execution of this task to
the DEFP, who submits all relevant communication to the CAO for approval.
All relevant information regarding M&E of energy activities will be sent to all stakeholders through the focal
person concerning ongoing and upcoming programs, policy documents and studies, manuals and relevant energy
technologies in order to foster the process of energy mainstreaming. This will be done through stakeholder forums
to be held once per quarter.
38
6. OUTLOOK
It is hoped that these guidelines will be an able tool in addressing the described issues that prevent HLGs from
properly addressing the most pertinent energy issues that affect their service delivery and sector performance.
To implement the energy mainstreaming process as described in these guidelines, it is imperative to establish the
described District Energy Coordination Structure and appoint a Focal Person. The budget implications due to
the necessary activities should also be addressed so that the implementation of the mainstreaming exercise is not
hampered.
Furthermore, the Focal Person and other relevant officers need capacity in the field of renewable energy. This re-
quires capacity building measures for relevant LG stakeholders who are part of the District Energy Coordination
Structure. For these capacity buildings measure the HLGs rely on the support of relevant energy sector stakehold-
ers, MEMD and Parastatals, as well as donors, development agencies and renewable energy associations.
These guidelines are the first step towards a sustainable management of energy resources on HLG level, the pro-
vision of modern services to the district population and harmonize flow of information between HLGs, MEMD
and all other relevant sector stakeholders.
39
Reference List
ENG.DR.ALBERT RUGUMAYO . (2010).
DECENTRALIZATION OF THE PLANNING OF ENERGY SERVICES DELIVERY IN UGANDA .
KAMPALA: NEW VISION UGANDA.
MEMD, M. O. (2007). RENEWABLE ENRGY POLICY FOR UGANDA. KAMPALA: NEW VISION
UGANDA.
NPA, N. P. (2013). UGANDA VISION 2040. KAMPALA: NEW VISION PRESS.
THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA. THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA, (1995)
THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA. RURAL ELECTRIFICATION ACT (1999)
THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA. THE LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ACT CAP 243, (1997)
THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA. MINING ACT, (2003)
THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA. ELECTRICITY ACT, (1999)
THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA. PETROLEUM ACT OF (1964)
THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA. THE PETROLEUM (EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION)

(CONDUCT OF EXPLORATION OPERATIONS) REGULATIONS OF (1993)
THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA. THE PETROLEUM (EXPLORATION, DEVELOPMENT,

PRODUCTION AND VALUE ADDITION) ACT, (2013)
THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA. THE NATIONAL FORESTRY AND TREE PLANTING ACT, (2003)
THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA. THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL ACT CAP 153, (1995)
THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA. THE WATER ACT CAP 152, (1997)

Picture Credits
GIZ PREEEP 2014
Uwe Krause, 2014, GIZ Advisor, RUWASS Programme Uganda
Valentin Hollain, 2014, GIZ Advisor, PREEEP Programme Uganda
CREEC Centre for Research in Energy and Energy Conservation 2014, Kampala, Uganda
Internet
www.wikipedia.org
www.energypedia.info
Pilot District Local Governments Consulted

Adjumani DLG, Alebtong DLG, Amolator DLG, Apac DLG, Arua DLG, Dokolo DLG, Koboko DLG, Kole
DLG, Lira DLG, Maracha DLG, Moyo DLG, Nebbi DLG, Otuke DLG, Oyam DLG, Soroti DLG, Yumbe
DLG, Zombo DLG
Imprint
November 2014
Deutsche Gesellschaft für

Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH
Promotion of Renewable Energy

and Energy Efficiency Programme
P.O. Box 10346, Kampala,
Uganda
T + 256 417 104 100
F +256 414 234 165
E Markus.Exenberger@giz.de
I www.giz.de
Glossary
This glossary lists the terms commonly used in the guidelines as well as further relevant terms in
the field of energy.
Alternating current (AC): A type of electrical current, the direction of which is reversed at regular intervals or
cycles. In Uganda, the standard is 240 reversals or 50 cycles per second. Electricity transmission networks use AC
because voltage can be controlled with relative ease
Agro-energy: Energy produced from agricultural crops and/or by-products, waste and dung
Ampere (amp): A unit of electrical current or rate of flow of electrons. One volt across one ohm of resistance
causes a current flow of one ampere
Ampere-hour (Ah/AH): A measure of the flow of current (in amperes) over one hour; used to measure battery
capacity
Anaerobic digestion: Degradation of organic matter by microbes in the absence of oxygen to produce methane
and carbon dioxide
Battery: Two or more electrochemical cells enclosed in a container and electrically interconnected in an appro-
priate series/parallel arrangement to provide the required operating voltage and current levels. Under common
usage, the term battery also applies to a single cell if it constitutes the entire electrochemical storage system
Battery available capacity: The total maximum charge, expressed in ampere-hours, that can be withdrawn
from a cell or battery under a specific set of operating conditions including discharge rate, temperature, initial
state of charge, age, and cut-off voltage
Battery capacity: The maximum total electrical charge, expressed in ampere-hours, which a battery can deliver
to a load under a specific set of conditions
Battery cycle life: The number of cycles, to a specified depth of discharge, that a cell or battery can undergo
before failing to meet its specified capacity or efficiency performance criteria
Biodiesel: Biodiesel is a renewable, biodegradable fuel derived from agricultural plant oils or animal fats. It can
be used alone or blended with petroleum diesel fuel in diesel engines
Bioenergy: Energy derived from all types of biomass, including wood energy and agro-energy
Bioethanol: Ethanol produced from sugar-rich plants (such as sugar cane, maize) or starch by fermentation. It
has been promoted as an additive vehicle fuel and as a cooking fuel using ethanol stoves
Biofuel: Any fuel produced from biomass
Biogas: Gas produced by breaking down organic household and municipal waste, agricultural waste, animal
dung and human waste with bacteria in the absence of oxygen (see anaerobic digestion). It consists mainly of
methane and is a very clean household fuel
Biomass: Living or dead organic matter, such as trees, grasses, crops and dung. It is a renewable source of energy,
if used in a sustainable manner. This is in contrast to fossil fuels, which are always non-sustainable as once used,
they are not replaced
Biopower: Electricity from biomass or intermediate bioproducts
Briquette: A sizeable “chunk” of densified product of any shape and compaction level where the smallest side-
length is above 2 cm size
Carbonization: The conversion of an organic substance into carbon or a carbon-containing residue through
pyrolysis or destructive distillation
Carbon dioxide: (CO2) A product of combustion. The most common greenhouse gas
Charge controller: A component of a photovoltaic system that controls the flow of current to and from the
battery to protect it from over-charge and over-discharge. The charge controller may also indicate the system
operational status
Compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs): They are energy-saving light bulbs, which last longer and use far less
energy than traditional (or incandescent) light bulbs for the same level of light intensity
Combined heat and power: Also known as “cogeneration” it is the simultaneous production of electricity and
heat from a fuel source such as natural gas, biomass, biogas, coal, waste heat, or oil. Combined heat and power
is not a single technology, but an integrated energy system that can be modified depending on the energy user’s
needs
Combustion: Rapid oxidation, with the release of energy in the form of heat and light
Conductor: The material through which electricity is transmitted, such as an electrical wire, or transmission or
distribution line
Coppice: Is a traditional method of woodland management which takes advantage of the fact that many trees
make new growth from the stump or roots if cut down
Cooking stove, improved: Energy-efficient stoves for households, institutions and small enterprises. They
reduce fuel consumption between 40 % for charcoal stoves and up to 90 % for large institutional stoves compared
to traditional stoves and the three-stone-fires, respectively
Cooking energy: Energy used for cooking and baking
Crystalline silicon: A type of photovoltaic cell made from a slice of single-crystal silicon or polycrystalline
silicon
Decentralized energy: Energy production at or near the point of use
Deep-cycle battery: A battery with large plates that can withstand many discharges to a low state-of-charge
Deep discharge: Discharging a battery to 20% or less of its full charge capacity
Depth of discharge (DOD): The ampere-hours removed from a fully charged cell or battery, expressed as a per-
centage of rated capacity. For example, the removal of 25 ampere-hours from a fully charged 100 ampere-hours
rated cell results in a 25% depth of discharge. Under certain conditions, such as discharge rates lower than that
used to rate the cell, depth of discharge can exceed 100%
Design drift: Design (e.g. of stove) that is gradually modified into obsolescence. For example, once the engineer
is gone, the local builder may widen the stove’s mouth so it can burn larger sticks
Direct current (DC): A type of electricity transmission and distribution by which electricity flows in one direc-
tion through the conductor, usually relatively low voltage and high current. To be used for typical 120 volt or 220
volt household appliances, DC must be converted to alternating current, its opposite
Discharge: The withdrawal of electrical energy from a battery

Discharge rate: The rate, usually expressed in amperes or time, at which electrical current is taken from the
battery
Distributed energy resources (DER): A variety of small, modular power-generating technologies that can
be combined with energy management and storage systems and used to improve the operation of the electricity
delivery system, whether or not those technologies are connected to an electricity grid
Distribution: The transfer of electricity from the transmission network to the consumer
Electric circuit: The path followed by electrons from a power source (generator or battery), through an electrical
system, and returning to the source
Electric current: The flow of electrical energy (electricity) in a conductor, measured in amperes
Electrical grid: An integrated system of electricity distribution, usually covering a large area
Electricity: Electric current used as a power source
Electric meter: A device that measures the amount of electric energy consumed by a residence, business, or an
electrically powered device
Electrolyte: A nonmetallic (liquid or solid) conductor that carries current by the movement of ions (instead of
electrons) with the liberation of matter at the electrodes of an electrochemical cell
End user: Person who uses a product; the consumer
End user devices: Device developed for the consumer (e.g. cook stoves)
Energy: The capability of doing work; different forms of energy can be converted to other forms, but the total
amount of energy remains the same
Energy audit: A survey that shows how much energy used in a home, which helps find ways to use less energy
Energy crop: Plants grown for energy production
Energy ladder concept: Idea that with increasing wealth, households linearly ‘progress’ from stick wood to
charcoal, kerosene, LPG and finally to electricity. This concept is now a bit outdated. The alternative fuel-stacking
model is more appropriate: as households become more affluent, they diversify their energy sources while contin-
uing to use firewood and charcoal
Feedstock: Refer to the crops or products, like waste vegetable oil, that can be used as or converted into biofuels
and Bioenergy
Fermentation: A biochemical reaction that breaks down complex organic molecules (such as carbohydrates) into
simpler materials (such as ethanol, carbon dioxide, and water). Bacteria or yeasts can ferment sugars to ethanol
Fossil fuel: A non-renewable source of energy, which was produced from the remains of animals and plants
millions of years ago. Examples are coal, oil, peat and natural gas
Frequency: The number of repetitions per unit time of a complete waveform, expressed in Hertz (Hz)
Fuel switching: Changing to a different fuel, frequently from wood to charcoal, biogas or liquefied petrol gas
Fuel wood: Wood used for energy generation

Fuel wood gap: Consumption of fuel wood larger than the sustainable supply
Geothermal: Geothermal energy is heat from within the Earth. We can recover this heat as steam or hot water
and use it to heat buildings or generate electricity
GIS: Geographic Information System, a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and
present all types of geographically referenced data
Greenhouse effect: A warming of the Earth and its atmosphere caused by greenhouse gases and water vapor
trapping heat from the sun.
Greenhouse gases: Gaseous constituents of the atmosphere, which trap the heat of the sun in the earth’s at-
mosphere, producing what is commonly known as the greenhouse effect. Examples are water vapor, nitrous oxide,
methane, carbon dioxide, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride
Grid-connected system: A solar electric or photovoltaic (PV) system in which the PV array acts like a central
generating plant, supplying power to the grid
Household energy: Energy consumed by individual households (institutions and small scale enterprises) for
cooking, space heating and cooling, lighting, and other household tasks
Hybrid system: A solar electric or photovoltaic system that includes other sources of electricity generation, such
as wind or diesel generators
Hydroelectric Power: Electricity produced by falling water that turns a turbine generator. Also referred to as
Hydro
IAP: Indoor air pollution
Incinerator: Any device used to burn solid or liquid residues or wastes as a method of disposal. In some incinera-
tors, provisions are made for recovering the heat produced
Inverter: A device that converts direct current electricity to alternating current either for stand-alone systems or
to supply power to an electricity grid
ISSB: Interlocking Soil Stabilized Bricks. Bricks composed out of sub-soil and cement that are compacted hy-
draulically or mechanically
Kilowatt (kW): A standard unit of electrical power equal to 1000 watts, or to the energy consumption at a rate of
1000 joules per second
Kilowatt-hour (kWh): 1,000 thousand watts acting over a period of 1 hour. The kWh is a unit of energy. 1
kWh=3600 kJ
Kiln: A kiln is a thermally insulated chamber, a type of oven that produces temperatures sufficient to complete
some process, such as hardening, drying, or chemical changes. Examples are charcoal kilns and brick kilns
Lead-acid battery: A general category that includes batteries with plates made of pure lead, lead-antimony, or
lead-calcium immersed in an acid electrolyte
LED: Light emitting diode –commonly known as LED is a semiconductor devise that emits visible light of a
certain color
LED light bulb: A device that uses LEDs (light-emitting diodes) to produce light
Lignin: A substance related to cellulose that occurs in the woody cell walls of plants and in the cementing
material between them
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG): A mixture of butane, propane and other light hydrocarbons derived from re-
fining crude oil. This gas mixture can be cooled or subjected to moderate pressure to be transformed into a liquid
state to facilitate storage and transportation
Load: The demand on an energy producing system; the energy consumption or requirement of a piece or group
of equipment. Usually expressed in terms of amperes or watts in reference to electricity
Load management: Any method or device that evens out electric power demand by eliminating uses during
peak periods or shifting usage from peak time to off-peak time
Maintenance-free battery: A sealed battery to which water cannot be added to maintain electrolyte level
Methane: (CH4) The major component of natural gas. It can be formed by anaerobic digestion of biomass or
gasification of coal or biomass
Microfinance: The provision of financial services to poor or low-income clients for productive purposes or for
buying goods or services. It includes micro-credit, savings, insurance and fund transfers
Mitigation: Steps taken to avoid or minimize negative environmental impacts. Mitigation can include: avoiding
the impact by not taking a certain action; minimizing impacts by limiting the degree or magnitude of the action;
rectifying the impact by repairing or restoring the affected environment; reducing the impact by protective steps
required with the action; and compensating for the impact by replacing or providing substitute resources
Ohm: A measure of the electrical resistance of a material equal to the resistance of a circuit in which the potential
difference of 1 volt produces a current of 1 ampere
Paraffin: A waxy crystalline flammable substance obtained especially from distillates of wood, coal, petroleum, or
shale oil
Pyrolysis: Heating of wood or other organic substances in the absence of oxygen, the process used to make
charcoal
Photon: A particle of light that acts as an individual unit of energy
Photovoltaic(s) (PV): Pertaining to the direct conversion of light into electricity
Photovoltaic (PV) array: An interconnected system of PV modules that function as a single electricity-pro-
ducing unit. The modules are assembled as a discrete structure, with common support or mounting. In smaller
systems, an array can consist of a single module
Photovoltaic (PV) cell: The smallest semiconductor element within a PV module to perform the immediate
conversion of light into electrical energy (direct current voltage and current). Also called a solar cell
Photovoltaic (PV) module: The smallest environmentally protected essentially planar assembly of solar cells
and ancillary parts, such as interconnections, terminals, (and protective devices such as diodes) intended to gener-
ate direct current power under unconcentrated sunlight. The structural (load carrying) member of a module can
either be the top layer (superstrate) or the back layer (substrate)
Plug-and-play PV system: A commercial, off-the-shelf photovoltaic system that is fully inclusive with little
need for individual customization. The system can be installed without special training and using few tools. The
homeowner plugs the system into a PV-ready circuit and an automatic PV discovery process initiates communica-
tion between the system and the utility. The system and grid are automatically configured for optimal operation
Power: The amount of electrical energy available for doing work, measured in horsepower or Watts
Power conditioning: The process of modifying the characteristics of electrical power (for e.g., inverting direct
current to alternating current)
Power conditioning equipment: Electrical equipment, or power electronics, used to convert power from a
photovoltaic array into a form suitable for subsequent use. A collective term for inverter, converter, battery charge
regulator, and blocking diode
Process heat: Heat used in an industrial process rather than for space heating or other housekeeping purposes

Renewable Energy: Energy derived from a natural, managed or cultivated resource that can be replaced as it is
used. Examples are wind, solar, hydro, biomass or geothermal sources
Residues: Byproducts from processing all forms of biomass that have significant energy potential. For example,
making solid wood products and pulp from logs produces bark, shavings and sawdust, and spent pulping liquors.
Because these residues are already collected at the point of processing, they can be convenient and relatively inex-
pensive sources of biomass for energy
Resistance (R): The property of a conductor, which opposes the flow of an electric current resulting in the
generation of heat in the conducting material. The measure of the resistance of a given conductor is the electro-
motive force needed for a unit current flow. The unit of resistance is ohms
Rocket stove: An improved cookstove using ‘rocket’ principles. These include an elbow-shaped insulated com-
bustion chamber, tall vertical walls (hence ‘rocket’), air inlet below the fuel, and other elements to make the stove
burn more cleanly and efficiently.
Scaling-up: Changing the scale of production of energy-efficient technologies to achieve mass production and
dissemination
Sealed battery: A battery with a captive electrolyte and a resealing vent cap, also called a valve-regulated battery.
Electrolyte cannot be added
Silviculture: the practice of controlling the establishment, growth, composition, health, and quality of forests to
meet diverse needs and values
Sine wave inverter: An inverter that produces utility-quality, sine wave power forms
Solar water heating: Panels harness heat from the sun to provide hot water for homes and businesses. Most
solar water heating systems for buildings have two main parts: a solar collector and a storage tank. There are two
types of collectors; a flat-plate collector and an evacuated tube collector
Sustainable: An ecosystem condition in which biodiversity, renewability, and resource productivity are main-
tained over time
Transformer: An electromagnetic device that changes the voltage of alternating current electricity
Turbine: A machine for converting the heat energy in steam or high temperature gas into mechanical energy. In
a turbine, a high velocity flow of steam or gas passes through successive rows of radial blades fastened to a central
shaft
Volt (V): A unit of electrical force equal to that amount of electromotive force that will cause a steady current of
one ampere to flow through a resistance of one ohm
Voltage: The amount of electromotive force, measured in volts, that exists between two points
Watt: The rate of energy transfer equivalent to one ampere under an electrical pressure of one volt. One watt
equals 1/746 horsepower, or one joule per second. It is the product of voltage and current (amperage)
Watts peak capacity: Often labeled Wp, the watts peak capacity of a photovoltaic panel indicates how much
electricity the panel will produce under standardized temperature and solar radiation conditions. In some cases,
entire photovoltaic systems with many panels are given an overall peak capacity rating in kilowatts peak capacity
(KWp). A kilowatt equals 1000 watts
Wind turbine: A device for converting the flow of air into mechanical motion that can be utilized to produce
electricity
Wood energy: Energy derived from woody biomass such as fuel wood, charcoal, black liquor etc
Wood fuel: Fuel from woody biomass such as fuel wood and charcoal
Zero-grazing: Feeding cattle with cut grass and fodder tree branches brought to the cattle instead of putting the
animals out to pasture
Appendix
Appendix 1: List and Description of Relevant Energy Solutions, Basic Technical

Information, Relevant Reference Institutions and Web Pages
Appendix 2: Role, Tasks and Responsibilities of Relevant Stakeholders and Key Actors
Appendix 3: Potentials, Opportunities, Constraints and Challenges (POCC Analysis) of

the Energy Sector
Appendix 4: List and Description of Current Energy Programmes Relevant for HLGs
Appendix 5: Policy Framework, Overview Tables
Appendix 6: Guiding Questions for Sectoral Energy Analysis
Appendix 7: Application of the Energy Mainstreaming Guidelines in the LGDP process
Appendix 8: Structure of Local Government Development Plans for HLGs

Appendix 1: List and Description of Relevant Energy Solutions, Basic Technical Infor-
mation on them and Relevant Reference Institutions, Web Pages
Biomass Energy
Energy technology: Stoves
a) Household Rocket Energy Saving Cooking Stoves

Basic technical information: The average per capita consumption of firewood is reduced by 51%, from 1.02kg per day to 0.51kg
and each household (average of 6.7 household members) saves 52kg of firewood per month. This is equivalent to 620kg per year.
Expenses for firewood are reduced by 37%. Households, which partly (32.5%) or mainly (22.5%) purchase their fuel wood
spend an average amount of 3,267 UGX per month. With the improved technology they will spend an average amount of 2,060
UGX. One Family saves 14,486 UGX per year.
Due to the facts that the fire produces more heat it becomes possible to cook several meals at the same time, the time spent on
cooking per day is also reduced, in each family it decreases from 4.03 to 2.19 hours (about 45.5%) by using a Rocket Lorena
stove.
With reduced firewood consumption, the frequency of firewood collection decreases by 53%. One family with Rocket Lorena
stove gathers firewood about 1.7 times per week (before: 3.6 times per week). Having to collect less fuel-wood leads to a reduced
workload for women and children concerning gathering and carrying the firewood.
With the reduced firewood collection health risks linked to this activity such as injuries, snake bites and pain of the limbs and
joints are reduced significantly.
By cooking with the Rocket Lorena stove problems caused by indoor air pollution, like eye and throat irritation, coughing,
dizziness or headaches, are avoided.
Pictures
b) Institutional Rocket Energy Saving Stove

Basic technical information: These are stoves designed for institutions like schools, hospitals etc. A Typical school of 500 students
consumes 2 truckloads of firewood which is equivalent to 14 tons per academic term of 3 months. The financial savings per
month amount to 2 Million UGX and the Firewood savings equal 4 truckloads per term.
Please use technical experts to construct good quality stoves.
Pictures
Reference:
GIZ- PREEEP Regional Office West Nile Biomass Energy Efficient Technologies Association (BEETA)
Located in Arua Located along Makerere Gadaffi Road
Contact persons 1:Valentin Hollain, Energy Advisor Contact person: Proscovia Sebunya
Phone +256 783274766 Phone: +256 772 466 205
Email: valentin.hollain@giz.de Email: beeta.tec@gmail.com
Contact person 2: Betty Omuk Akwero, Technical Officer
Phone: +256 774 16 51 86
Email: betty.akwero@giz.de
GIZ- PREEEP Regional Office Lango

Located in Lira
Contact person 1: Ron Fluegel, Energy Advisor
Phone +256 773 42 74 36 / +256 750 32 57 23
Email: ron.fluegel@giz.de
Contact person 2: Norbert Otok, Technical Officer
Phone +256 777 808686
Email: nobert.otok@giz.de
www.giz.de
Energy technology: Biogas Technology
Basic technical information: Biogas is a gas produced from decomposed matter or waste in the absence of oxygen. It can be
obtained from animal waste, municipal solid waste, human waste, household refuse, market waste, abattoir waste, etc. Biogas is
used for cooking in gas burners and lighting.
Benefits of biogas:
• Methane burns very well, therefore biogas is a substitute of kerosene, charcoal and firewood.
• Biogas is a clean non-poisonous and non-toxic gas which burns with blue flame, without soot or any offensive smell.
• Burning biogas reduces methane emissions. Methane is a highly destructive greenhouse gas.
• The slurry is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and humus material. It has good applications in aquaculture,
agriculture and horticulture.
• Biogas production uses biodegradable waste which would otherwise present a health concern that arises from poor waste
disposal, hygienie and sanitation.
• The digested slurry can be used as feeds for poultry, pigs and fish.
Types of digesters: Fixed dome digester, the floating drum digester and the PVC balloon type of digester.
Household digesters come in capacities of 4, 6, 9 and 12m3. Biogas systems need daily feeding for optimum operation.
A family of 5 can use biogas for cooking all their meals where as a larger family can reduce firewood and charcoal consumption
by 50%.
Pictures
Reference:
Interregional Biogas Association Biomass Energy Efficient Technologies Association (BEETA)

Contact person: Eng Abdu K Kalema Located along Makerere Gadaffi Road
Phone: +256 776 42 24 24 Contact person: Proscovia Sebunya
Email: akkalema@gmail.com Phone: +256 772 466 205
Email: beeta.tec@gmail.com
Uganda National Biogas Alliance
Contact person: Gilbert Byamugisha
Phone: +256 772 425 369
Email: byamgil@gmail.com
Energy technology: Biolatrines
Basic technical information: This is one of the Modern Biomass Energy Technologies promoted by MEMD in Education
institutions.
It is a renewable source of energy as it is replenished continuously by natural processes.
This technology is used to generate energy using human waste for the production of biogas for cooking and lighting and bio
slurry. Biogas contains mainly methane (up to about 60%) as the main or active ingredient. It is a combustible gas and makes a
good fuel.
For good gas output, the system can be supplemented with cow and pig dung, chicken waste and food scraps.
• A good biolatrine system will last 25 years minimum.

• A school using a biolatrine system saves the money and the land spent on constructing new pit latrines.
• Saves time and money otherwise needed for routine emptying of pit latrines since biolatrines do not require emptying.
• Saves money spent on firewood by 60% i.e transportation, labor for chopping etc.
• Producees manure from bio slurry which can be used in gardens as an organic fertilizer
• Improves sanitation in the community as they are odorless.
• Improves kitchen environment as smoke and particulate matter is reduced
Pictures
Reference:
Ministry of Energy And Mineral Development (MEMD)

P.O.BOX 7270,
Kampala
Contact Person: Ndawula Godfrey,
gndawula@energy.go.ug
Michael Ahimbisibwe
m.ahimbisibwe@energy.go.ug

Energy technology: Gasification Technology
Basic technical information: Gasification is the production of producer gas (mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide) by
burning biomass, at very high temperature of above 30000C, in limited supply of oxygen. The biomass used in this technology
includes agricultural wastes such as rice husks, maize cobs, coffee husks, saw dust, ground nut shells, and other dried wastes. The
producer gas can be directly burnt to produce heat energy or it can be purified and fed into a generator to produce electricity.
This technology can be used in large industries such as tobacco curing, tea curing and agro industries to generate their own
electricity and energy for heating.
The gasification technology has an advantage over charcoal because
• It uses low density biomass such as agricultural wastes.

• The gas is utilized, as well as the byproduct which can be briquetted as charcoal replacement or for soil enhancement.
• It saves the environment as it reduces the number of trees that would be cut down for firewood.
Pictures
Reference:
Centre for Research on Energy and Energy Conservation

Service: Research and information on Gasification technology
Biomass Energy Efficient Technologies Association (BEETA)

Located along Makerere Gadaffi Road.
Contact person: Proscovia Sebunya
Phone: +256 772 466 205
Energy technology: Briquetting Technology
Basic technical information: Briquettes are charcoal-like fuel made by compacting residues such as charcoal fines, saw dust, rice
husks, coffee husks, groundnut shells, maize cobs, etc into solid lumps.
Advantages of using briquettes:
• They burn for a longer time compared to ordinary charcoal or fire wood.
• They are clean fuel without production of charcoal dust and soot, hence there are limited health hazards for the user.
• Save the environment as a result of reduced cutting down of trees for cooking and charcoal making
• Briquettes can be produced from organic waste and even charcoal fines, therefore they improve the recovery of charcoal
used as energy.
Pictures
Reference:
Biomass Energy Efficient Technologies Association (BEETA)

Located along Makerere Gadaffi Road.
Contact person: Proscovia Sebunya
Phone: +256 772 466 205
Energy technology: Interlocking Soil Stabilized Bricks (ISSB)
Basic technical information: Interlocking bricks can be produced at the construction site out of a mixture of subsoil/murram
(laterite), cement (5-10%) and water. This mixture is compressed into bricks that interlock on four sides. They need to cure for
two days before they are ready to be used.
These weatherproof bricks can then be used for a variety of structures that covers the range of buildings erected on HLG and
LLG level. They can furthermore be used to construct long-lasting water tanks, incinerators and biogas installations. Their form
can be adapted to the purpose, i.e. straight blocks for buildings, curved block for water tanks and biogas installations.
During their production no firewood is needed and due to their shape less cement is used during the building process.
Traditional bricks are produced in brick kilns that consume vast amounts of firewood while the quality of the bricks is inferior.
Production of ISSBs can be done using a manually-operated hand press that can be acquired for around 3.6 Million. UGX.
Some HLGs have recently received hydraform machines. Hydraform machines are powered either by diesel or electricity.
Pictures
Reference:
Hydraform Building Technology
Dr. Moses Kizza Musaazi Conrad Plaza, Plot 22 Entebbe Road,
Makerere University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Uganda, Kampala
the College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology (CEDAT) Tel: (+256)414 347218
Phone: +256772408762 Fax:(+256)414 347218
Email: mkmusaazi@yahoo.com, mkmusaazi@t4tafrica.co
www.t4tafrica.co
Energy technology: Cogeneration

Basic technical information: Cogeneration or combined heat and power (CHP) is the use of a heat engine or power station to
simultaneously generate electricity and useful heat. The supply of high-temperature heat first drives a gas or steam turbine-
powered generator. The resulting low-temperature waste heat is then used for water or space heating and cooling. Cogeneration
is common in pulp and paper mills, refineries and chemical plants. In the case of Uganda, cogeneration is practiced in the sugar
industry whereby the bagasse from the sugar cane is used as fuel to generate a high temperature steam that runs a steam turbine
to generate electricity. The low temperature steam out of the turbine is used as process heat in sugar production.
Pictures
Reference:
P.O.BOX 7270,
Kampala
Contact Person: Ndawula Godfrey,
gndawula@energy.go.ug
Energy technology: Biofuels for Energy and Transport
Basic technical information: These are liquid fuels (alcohols and oils) derived from food crops such as sweet sorghum stalks,
sugarcane molasses, soya beans, ground nuts, corn, etc and non-food crops such as castor, jatropha, candle nut, etc. The types of
biofuels include: power alcohols and biodiesel. Biofuels are used as:
• Fuel in vehicles for transport;
• Fuels for other power machinery such as generators, motors, etc;
• Fuel in lanterns for lighting;
• Byproducts are used in soap, cosmetics and medicine manufacture as well as biogas production, and as supplements in
animal feed.
• The aspect of food security has to be considered.
Pictures
Solar Energy
Energy technology: Solar Photovoltaic Systems
Basic technical information: Off-grid solar PV systems are used for supply of basic electricity in institutions and households.
PV systems cover a wide range of applications from small-scale solutions such as lighting and phone charging to large systems
that provide the same functionality as grid connect power.
There are two types of off-grid solar systems:
Off-grid DC (direct current) systems: Small-scale solar solutions that range from solar lanterns, solar phone chargers, solar home
systems to bigger lighting systems for class rooms and market sheds, normally use DC power.
Larger DC systems can also power special DC appliances like radios, fans or fridges. Such appliances are more expensive than
the regular AC appliances and can only be purchased from solar product dealers. By excluding the inverter, DC systems reduce
conversion losses from DC to AC as well as power wastage due to the internal power consumption of the inverter. Such a system
also requires less maintenance.
Larger systems with an inverter provide power with the same specifications as grid power (Alternating current AC, 220-240 V,
50Hz). In theory they can power any AC appliance that can be connected to a regular socket depending on the sizing of the
system.
The configuration of a standard AC solar-system includes: one or more PV modules, inter-connecting wires/ cables, a battery
system composed out of one more batteries, an inverter, lamps and other components which include the control electronics,
lighting arresters, module mounting hardware and a battery box.
The right sizing of PV system components depends on the load to be connected to the system (bulbs, computers, printers etc),
the average daily and peak consumption of the appliances and the solar radiation at the installation site. It is necessary to seek
assistance from a qualified solar technician who is able to perform this assessment.
Pictures
Reference:
Uganda National Renewable Energy Association (UNREA)
Kimbowa Emmy, Chairperson
+256 772 313 470/312 202 882
emmy@energysystemsug.com, or admin@unrea.or.ug
Energy technology: Solar (Photovoltaic) Water Pumping Systems
Basic technical information: Solar PV water pumps with PV array capacity in the range of 200 W to 5 KWp could be installed
on a suitable bore-well, open well, water reservoir, water stream, etc.
Components include:
• PV array (capacity in the range of 200 Watt to 5 KWp) mounted on a suitable structure
• Motor pump set (surface or submersible)
 D.C. motor pump set (with brushes or brush-less D.C.) or
 A.C. induction motor pump set with a suitable inverter
• Electronics :
 Maximum power point tracker (MPPT)
 Controls/protections
 Interconnect cables and On/Off switch.
Pictures:
Reference:
Uganda National Renewable Energy Association (UNREA)Kimbowa Emmy,
Chairperson
Phone: +256 772 313 470/312 202 882
Email: emmy@energysystemsug.com, or admin@unrea.or.ug
Energy technology: Use of Direct Sunlight (Solar Water Heating Systems, Solar Cookers, Solar Fruit Dryers)
Basic technical information: Solar water heating systems covert solar energy into heat (solar thermal) and are an economically
viable solution for both users with or without access to grid electricity.
Up to 60% savings can be made on electricity bills (for those connected to national grid) if domestic hot water is heated using
solar thermal energy.
Solar water heating systems are available in capacities of 150litres, 200litres and 300litres. Larger systems can be configured upon
necessity.
Other technologies that make use of direct sunlight are solar fruit dryers and solar cookers.
Pictures
Reference:
Uganda National Renewable Energy Association (UNREA)
Chairperson Kimbowa Emmy
Phone: +256 772 313 470/312 202 882
Email: emmy@energysystemsug.com, or admin@unrea.or.ug
Hydropower

Energy technology: Hydropower
Basic technical information: Hydropower or water power is power derived from the energy of falling and running water, which
may be harnessed for powering various mechanical devices such as watermills, sawmills, textile mills, hydraulic pumps for
irrigation and the like, or for the production of electricity. However, currently the term hydropower mainly refers to electricity
generation.
Depending on the amount of power generated, the hydropower plants are divided into 4 classes: Pico- up to 1kW, micro up to
1MW, small up to 10 MW and large hydropower plants above 10MW.
Waterfalls are good indicators of hydropower potential. Where there are no apparent waterfalls, rapids could be used.
Reference:
Hydropower Association of Uganda (HPAU)
Bernard Sembatya, Chairperson

Phone: +256 758 166 047
Email: bernardsembatya@yahoo.com
Wind Energy
Energy technology: Wind Energy for Water Pumping and Electricity
Basic technical information: Wind energy resources in Uganda are only sufficient for small scale electricity generation and for
special applications, such as water pumping, mainly in the Karamoja sub-region.
Small industries in rural areas where sizes for a wind turbine might range from 2.5kVA to 10kVA could benefit from the wind
resource.
Pictures
Reference:
P.O.BOX 7270,
Kampala
Contact Person: Amos Tamusuza
Email: a.tamusuza@energy.go.ug , amoskamba@gmail.com
Energy Efficency
Energy technology: Energy Efficient Lighting
Basic technical information: Light emitting diodes (LED) are the latest and most efficient lighting technology. When compared
to other bulbs, LED lights save 20-30% more energy than fluorescent tubes, 50% more energy than compact fluorescent lights
(CFLs) and 90% more energy than incandescent bulbs.
Currently there are 3W, 5W and 7W LED lights available on the market in Uganda compared to the ordinary CFLs that are
rated 10W to 20W. This means that the use of LED lighting can save a lot of money.
In addition to being more energy efficient than CFL, LED lights have a number of other advantages:
• The life expectancy of a LED lamp is more than 3 times that of a similar CFL and 22 times longer than a typical
incandescent bulb. An LED may have 25,000 hours of light which is equivalent to aq 17 years life span if they are used 4
hours daily.
• LED lights are virtually indestructible/ unbreakable in normal service.
• For safety purposes LED lights are mercury free, unlike CFLs which, because of their mercury content, require increased
care when handled.
Pictures
Reference: Uganda Energy Auditor Association (UEAA)

James Ludigo
Chair person
+256 752 698 782
ludigoj@yahoo.co.uk
Energy technology: Energy Efficient Appliances
Basic technical information: These are highly efficient modern appliances such as fridges, LED televisions and air-conditioning
systems that are highly energy efficient. They reduce energy consumption by 40%. Although they are a little more costly than
ordinary appliances, they can save you a lot of energy.
To identify an energy efficient appliance, look for an energy label which is affixed to the appliance. You should ask your vendor
about the energy label when purchasing any electrical appliance.
Reference:
Pictures Uganda Energy Auditor Association (UEAA)
James Ludigo
Chair person
+256 752 698 782
ludigoj@yahoo.co.uk
Appendix 2: Role, Tasks and Responsibilities of Relevant Stakeholders and Key Actors
It is very important to state that energy mainstreaming process and a functional District Energy Coordination Structure are a shared
task and responsibility on HLG and to a certain extent on LLG level. Only if the work of the focal person is complemented by the
support and mutual cooperation of other actors and stakeholders, this will be a fruitful endeavor.
Roles, Tasks and Responsibilities on HLG Level

The Chief Administrative Officer:
The Chief Administrative Officer assigns the duties to the DEFP. While he/she is de jure chairing the process, he delegates this
task to the DEFP.
The District Planner:
The work of the District Planner is of central importance for energy mainstreaming as he/she coordinates the planning processes
on HLG and LLG level.
Alongside the energy focal person it will be the District Planner’s responsibility to ensure that energy issues are adequately
mainstreamed into the DDP as well as the annual work plans.

The District Planner with support of the DEFP must sensitize the LLGs on the energy mainstreaming guidelines so that they
contribute adequately to the LGDP process.
He/she also ensures that energy issues are discussed during the District Planning Forums and are taken into account during all
relevant steps of the LGDP process.
The District Energy Focal Person (DEFP):
Please see ToRs (chapter 4) for detailed information

The District Planning Task Team:
The appointment of the District Planning Task team is one of the first steps of the LGDP process. The District Planning Task
Team is responsible for supporting the DTPC in the LGDP process.
The DEFP shall therefore be a member of this team.
The Departments and Offices:
The departments and their offices collect energy-relevant data and information as a basis for the creation of the DDP 2015/16 as
well as the annual work plans of that period by applying the guiding questions from chapter 5.2:
During this process the departmental heads will have to identify knowledge and capacity gaps and communicate them to the
DEFP in a timely manner. They will further support the DEFP in establishing a stakeholder forum at HLG level by providing
the DEFP with information about the key stakeholders in their sector.
The Technical Planning Committee (DTPC):
The technical planning committee is the central platform for all relevant technocrats to discuss energy mainstreaming issues and
to ensure that they are captured in the DDP as well the annual work plans of the relevant sectors and sub-sectors.
The members of the (DTPC) also inform the DEFP about arising capacity building needs in the field of energy.
DTPC Sub-Committee for Energy:
As DTPC meetings normally address a plethora of issues key members of the DTPC shall meet with the DEFP quarterly to
foster the establishment of the District Energy Coordination Structure and the process of energy mainstreaming.
These key members shall be designated and appointed by the CAO. The DEFP and District Planner are key members of this
committee which is chaired by the CAO.
The Standing Committees:
The standing committees scrutinize the work plans in the relevant sectors and sub-sectors. Hence, they play their part to ensure
that energy issues are adequately mainstreamed in work plans and effectively implemented by scrutinizing the quarterly reports
on energy activities. Through their M&E they also oversee energy mainstreaming activities.
The Production, Natural Resources and Environment Committee (PENR):
The PENR Committee is already handling biomass energy related matters to a certain extent. It shall therefore be the committee
to which the District Energy Focal Person reports directly. It should therefore be extended to become the Production, Natural
Resources, Environment and Energy committee. This attaches a special responsibility to this committee to oversee the process
from the perspective of the district council/the legislators. Through their M&E activities they also oversee energy mainstreaming
interventions.
The Secretaries/The District Executive Committee (DEC):
The DEC members scrutinize submissions from the standing committees and then either forward them to the District Council
for approval or hand them back to the standing committees.
The DEC also ensures that energy mainstreaming is a pertinent issue during the respective standing committee meetings.
The Standing Committee Chairpersons:
The standing committee chairpersons shall ensure that energy mainstreaming is a pertinent issue during the respective standing
committee meetings.
The District Council:
The District Council approves the mainstreamed DDP and annual work plans.
Roles, Tasks and Responsibilities on LLG level:
The Sub-County Chief or Town Clerk:
The Sub-County Chief/Town clerk appoints the LLG Environment Focal Person as representative of energy mainstreaming on
LLG level.
The LLG Environment Focal Person:
The LLG Environment Focal Person is the representative of energy mainstreaming on LLG level. All LLG Environment Focal
Persons meets quarterly with the DEFP.
The LLG Environment Committees:
The sub-county environment committees provide vital input to DEFP to foster bottom-up planning and to take up relevant
issues from local communities. Hence they must be sensitized properly.
Roles, Tasks and Responsibilities outside the LG Structure
Stakeholder Forum:
The DEFP establishes a stakeholder forum and organizes quarterly meetings to involve relevant development partners and
donors, NGOs, regional representatives of renewable energy associations and private sector representatives in the energy
mainstreaming process. The stakeholder forum meets quarterly. Two of the meetings should be dedicated planning and M&E
and the two remaining meetings should mainly be dedicated to knowledge transfer and creation awareness about energy
technologies and their application.
To ensure that all relevant stakeholders are consulted during the development planning process of the DDP 15/16-19/20 and
the annual work plans, the DEFP supports the District Planner appropriately.
Donors and Development Partners:
Donors and development partners are possible supporters of this process, either by providing technical or financial support for
energy mainstreaming activities or by conducting own activities that are beneficial to and compatible with the sector specific
goals for energy mainstreaming. In order to be active stakeholders they have to be sensitized about the energy mainstreaming
process and integrated into regular stakeholder forums.
Civil Society Organizations (CSOs)
a ) NGOs, Larger/International FBOs:
NGOs and larger FBOs are possible supporters of this process. Either by providing technical or financial support for energy
mainstreaming activities, or by conducting own activities that are beneficial to, and compatible with the sector specific goals for
energy mainstreaming. In order to be active stakeholders they have to be sensitized about the energy mainstreaming process and
if necessary also the relevance of energy for their sector activities. They should be integrated into regular stakeholder forums.
b ) CBOs, Local FBOs:
CBOs and local FBOs are possible supporters of this process through their own activities that are beneficial to and compatible
with the sector specific goals for energy mainstreaming. In order to be active stakeholders they have to be sensitized about the
energy mainstreaming process and if necessary also the relevance of energy for their sector activities. They should be integrated
into regular stakeholder meetings, depending on their relevance. Their number should be limited to keep the stakeholder forums
at a manageable size.
Private Sector (Business Community, Farmer Associations etc.):
Private sector service delivery complements service delivery by the public sector. Relevant private sector representatives should
therefore be invited to the stakeholder forum of the District Energy Coordination Structure. In order to be active stakeholders
they have to be sensitized about the energy mainstreaming process, the relevance of energy for their sector activities and modern
energy technologies.
Financial Institutions, SACCOs, Cooperatives:
Financial institutions, cooperative groups and SACCOs can support the acquisition of efficient solar and biomass energy
technologies by taking care of the upfront costs of such technologies.
National Renewable Energy Associations:
These foster knowledge transfer and adherence to quality standards for products and services. They also provide information
about quality service providers in their field (biomass energy, solar energy, hydropower, energy efficiency etc.) Regional
representatives should be part of the stakeholder forum.
The Media:
Radio stations and newspapers play a pivotal role for awareness creation measures in the field of energy.
Especially radio stations that broadcast their programs in a local language allow one to reach out to the large majority of
district population. Through the media the HLG also informs the general public and relevant stakeholders about the energy
mainstreaming process so that they can feed into it.
Other Stakeholders:
In every sector there could be further relevant stakeholders. It is the responsibility of the sectors and sub-sectors to support the
DEFP in creating a stakeholder map and establishing a stakeholder forum.
There could also be other relevant stakeholders for specific interventions (cook stoves, solar lighting, and fruit processing), like
Parent Teachers Association (PTA), groups of artisans etc.
Appendix 3: Potentials, Opportunities, Constraints and Challenges (POCC Analysis) of
the Energy Sector
KEY POTENTIALS OPPORTUNITIES CONSTRAINTS CHALLENGES
DEVELOPMENT
ISSUES
Renewable energy • High solar insolation • Enabling RE Policy • Inadequate • Lack of funds
resource rate in Uganda • Vibrant private marketing avenues • Limited technical
• Conducive climate for sector • No governing capacity
biomass generation • Standards on solar standards on biomass • High cost of
and solar PV and water technologies establishment
• Large quantity of bio- heating • Weak share of • Low energy
waste from agriculture • Available Off grid renewable energy in production
• Municipal waste connection the energy mix • Inadequate research
• Unreliable grid and knowledge
electricity facilities e.g. resource
assessment and
feasibility studies.
Inadequate access to • Presence of banks • Microfinance • Required collateral • Few FIs give energy
credit facilities • Presence of formal schemes security loans
groups • Presence • High illiteracy • Loan repayment
• Presence of development • Inadequate default rate
government support partnerships marketing avenues • High corruption rate
• Presences of NGOs,
CBOs, FBOs
Provision of • Good road network • ERA • Low incomes • High capital cost
infrastructure • National grid • REA • High illiteracy rates • High tariffs
• High solar and • MEMD • Population growth • Inefficient utilization
biomass potential • Suitability of Vs. electrification of energy
• Cost decline of renewable energy rate
renewable energy technologies • High urbanization
technologies like solar for off grid rates and
system components applications motorization
Public Private • Existing PPPs in • vibrant private • Inadequate • Weak financial
Partnerships In Energy different sectors sector commitment on controls
Managements • Conducive private sector and LG • Corruption
government policy side • Low private sector
on PPPs • Mistrust participation and
investment in the
energy sector
Deforestation • Land demarcation • Existence of • inadequate • Natural calamities e.g
using trees government commitment fires, floods, droughts
• Adequate land and institutions and • Inadequate logistics • Poor attitude of
favorable weather for private sector • Little research on communities towards
tree planting initiatives e.g.NFA, local tree species for investing in tree
DFS,MWE,Sawlog energy planting.
scheme • NFAs mandate is
• Presence of on tree planting
nurseries for timber, not for
• Forestry policy and energy
laws
Bush fire • Presence of fire • District • High illiteracy • Culture of people
services Environment • Poverty • Pasture for grazing
• Environmental sub- Structure • Weak enforcement of
committees • NGOs, ordinances
• Volunteers • Local authorities
• Ordinances • Presence of security
officials
KEY POTENTIALS OPPORTUNITIES CONSTRAINTS CHALLENGES
DEVELOPMENT
ISSUES
Establishment and • Existence of local • Presence of HLGs • Inadequate • Funding
strengthening of Local council structure and LLGs commitment • Inadequate policy,
Government Structures • Existence of technical • Development • Inadequate capacity regulatory and
planning committees Partners of Council and TPC institutional framework
• Existence of • NGOs
environment structure • CBOs
at HLG level
Review and gazetting of • Existence of a legal • Presence of the • Inadequate • Weak enforcement
ordinances framework Attorney General commitment
• Existence of old department • Bureaucratic and
ordinances • Presence of the cumbersome
district local procedures
councils
Enforcement of • Police • Government policy • Inadequate • Un- cooperative public
ordinances • Courts on charcoal commitment • Political interference
• Local Councils • Lack of logistics and
• Forest officers/ incentives
Rangers
• Military
• Traffic officers
Appendix 4: List and Description of Current Energy Programmes Relevant for HLGs
The project profiles and medium term funding details are as in table below:
Project Code 0325 Project name Energy for Rural Transformation II (ERT II)
Objectives/ To put in place a conducive environment and related capacity for:
Description
• A commercially oriented service delivery of energy and ICT
• Small scale renewable power generation schemes
• Investment in rural electrification schemes
Financing IDA
Government of Uganda
Responsible Officer Coordination Manager, ERT II
Start Date 01/11/2009 Completion Date 30/06/2016
Project Code 1023 Project name Promotion of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency
Programme (PREEEP)
Objectives/ Main Objective is to improve access to modern energy services and the efficient use of energy by
Description households and private sector.
• Offers support in developing skills, resources and capacities in the fields of energy policy,
disseminating modern biomass energy technologies, promoting energy efficiency and rural
electrification.
• Work includes capacity development activities for the Ministry, for stakeholders at national and
district level, and for selected community-based energy suppliers.
• Partners and other stakeholders, such as local authorities, non- governmental organizations and
private companies, receive assistance to design and put in place customized strategies.
Financing Government of Uganda

Federal Republic of Germany
Responsible Officer Commissioner for Renewable Energy
Start Date 01/7/2008 Completion Date 31/05/2017
Appendix 5: Policy framework, overview tables
PROVISIONS OF THE RELEVANT POLICIES GOVERNING THE ENERGY SECTOR
Policy Relevant provision
National Development To address structural bottlenecks in the economy to accelerate socio-economic transformation and
Plan (2010/11 – 2014/15) bring about a portion of a third of the population out of poverty.
Outlines the development priorities and implementation strategies to help achieve socio-economic
transformation for prosperity.
National Environmental Provides guiding principles on the management of the environment in Uganda
Management Policy (1994) To enhance the health and quality of life of all people in Uganda and promote long-term,
sustainable socio-economic development through sound environmental and natural resources
management and use.
To integrate environmental concerns in all developmental policies and planning activities at
National, district and Local levels, with full participation of the people.
(Chapter 4.6)
Uganda Forestry Policy Institutionalizes community forestry and addresses the concern of forests on private land.
(2001)
Energy Policy for Uganda To meet the energy needs of Uganda’s population for the social and economic development in an
(2002) environmentally sustainable manner.
Policy context: The objectives of the policy are formulated in the context of the following settings;
• Existing economic, social and environmental policies
• Nature and linkages of energy sector with other sectors and
• International and regional linkages of the sector.
Renewable Energy Policy Aims to provide a framework to increase in significant proportions the contributions of renewable
for Uganda (2007) energy from 4% (2007) to 61% of total energy consumption in the year 2017.
Decentralization of Energy services at the district level, through the formation of a District Energy
Coordination Structure is one of the strategies to achieve this target.
National Oil and Gas The overarching goal of the policy is that oil and gas development in Uganda will “contribute to
Policy for Uganda early achievement of poverty eradication and create lasting value to society”.
(NOGP), 2008 Outlines internationally recognized mechanisms for managing such impacts and turning the finite
resource into sustainable development outcomes.
Highlights the need for a long-term national strategy to ensure optimal impacts from oil and gas
exploitation by maximizing value along the value chain.
PROVISIONS OF THE LEGAL FRAMEWROK FOR THE ENERGY SECTOR
Legal framework Provisions related to management of energy issues

Constitution of the According to Article 45 of the constitution, electricity is a public good and its access and utilization
Republic of by Ugandans is a right that should be recognized and protected at whatever cost.
Uganda 1995 (As
Amended)
Local Governments Act, Aims at giving effect to the decentralization and devolution of functions, powers and services so as
(1997) to ensure good governance and democratic participation.
Reiterates the position in the constitution, provides for participation of local government in
decision- making and management of ecosystems.
Local Government The aim of these guidelines is to provide a framework for the formulation of harmonized
Development Planning decentralized plans within local governments in Uganda.
Guidelines, 2014
Mining Act, 2003 Governs the allocation, and sharing, of revenue benefits from the energy sector. For example:
according to the Mining Act, 80 per cent of oil revenue goes to the central government, 17 per cent
goes to local governments and 3 per cent goes to landlords
It defines the respective roles played by central and local government as well as by traditional
institutions.
Electricity Act, 1999 & Sets the legal basis for the industry’s restructuring, including the establishment of the Electricity
Electricity Regulations Regulatory Authority (ERA).
By virtue of the Electricity Act, the following statutory instruments have been issued:
• The Electricity (Installation Permits) Regulations, 2003
• The Electricity (Licence Fees) Regulations, 2003
• The Electricity (Primary Grid Code) Regulations, 2003
• The Electricity (Quality of Service Code) Regulations, 2003
• The Electricity (Safety Code) Regulations, 2003
• The Electricity (Tariff Code) Regulations, 2003
Petroleum Act of 1964 This act governs the downstream industry in the petroleum sub-sector.
Petroleum (Exploration This regulates the upstream activities in the petroleum sub-sector.
and Production) (Conduct
of Exploration Operations)
Regulations of 1993
Petroleum (Exploration, To regulate petroleum exploration, development and production;

Development, Production To establish the petroleum authority of Uganda;
and Value Addition) Act, To provide for the establishment of the national oil company;
2013 To regulate the licensing and participation of commercial entities in petroleum activities;
To provide for an open, transparent and competitive process of
Licensing;
To create a conducive environment for the promotion of exploration, development and production
of Uganda’s petroleum Potential;
To provide for efficient and safe petroleum activities;
To provide for the cessation of petroleum activities and decommissioning of infrastructure;
To provide for the payment arising from petroleum activities;
To provide for the conditions for the restoration of derelict Lands;
To repeal the petroleum (exploration and production) act,
Cap 150; and for related matters.
National Forestry and Tree To create an integrated forest sector that will facilitate the achievement of sustainable increases in
Planting Act, (2003) economic, social and environmental benefits from forests and trees by all the people of Uganda.
To ensure that forests and trees are conserved and managed in a manner that meets the needs of
the present generation without compromising the rights of the future generations by safeguarding
forest biological diversity and the environmental benefits that accrue from forests and trees.
Offers directions to the district councils for planting and growing of trees
National Environmental To assure all people living in the country have the fundamental right to the environment that is
Act cap 153, (1995) adequate for their health and well being.
To encourage the maximum participation by the people of Uganda in the development of policies,
plans and processes for the management of the environment.
To reclaim lost ecosystems where possible and reverse the degradation of natural resources.
Water Act Cap 153, (1997) To provide for the use, protection and management of water
resources and supply; to provide for the constitution of water and
sewerage authorities; and to facilitate the devolution of water supply
and sewerage undertakings.
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK OF UGANDA’S ENERGY SECTOR
Institution Description/Mandate
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Lead agency in the energy sector for the Government of Uganda with the mandate of
Development (MEMD) establishing, promoting the development, strategically managing and safeguarding the rational
and sustainable exploitation and utilization of energy and mineral resources for social and
economic development.
Electricity Regulatory Authority A body corporate established by the Electricity Act, 1999, Cap. 145, to regulate the generation,
(ERA) transmission, distribution, sale, export and import of electricity in Uganda.
Electricity Disputes Tribunal Part XIII of the Electricity Act 1999 provides for the Electricity Disputes Tribunal. This is a
mechanism through which any of the entities regulated by ERA or other persons can appeal the
decisions of the Electricity Regulatory Authority.
Rural Electrification Agency Rural Electrification Agency (REA) is the Secretariat of the Rural Electrification Board (REB)
which manages the Rural Electrification Fund (REF). REA is responsible for developing and
promoting rural electrification. The Rural Electrification Board (REB), as the governing body
of REA, provides subsidies to support rural electrification projects.
Uganda Electricity Transmission UETCL is the System Operator and owns transmission lines above 33kV on behalf of the
Company Limited government. UETCL is the bulk supplier and single buyer of power for the national grid in
Uganda.
It is the purchaser of all independently generated power in the country that is fed into the
national grid. Generators of electricity are expected to sign a Power Purchase Agreement with
UETCL.
Uganda Electricity Distribution UEDCL is the owner of the electricity distribution network, which is being managed by
Company Limited(UEDCL) UMEME Ltd the concessionaire.
Uganda Electricity Generation UEGCL is the owner of Kiira and Nalubaale Hydropower Stations in Jinja, which were
Company Limited (UEGCL) concessioned to ESKOM to manage and operate for twenty (20) years effective 2003.
Uganda National Bureau of UNBS is a statutory organization established by an Act of Parliament of June 1983 and became
Standards (UNBS) operational in 1989.
The main objectives of UNBS are to formulate and promote the use of national standards and
to develop quality control and quality assurance systems that will enhance consumer protection,
public health and safety, industrial and commercial development and international trade,
among others.
In this context, UNBS is responsible for developing and monitoring standards for energy
technologies in addition to bio-fuels technology.
National Environment NEMA is a semi-autonomous institution established in May 1995 under the National
Management Authority Environment Act Cap. 153 as the principal agency in Uganda charged with the responsibility of
(NEMA) coordinating, monitoring, regulating and supervising environmental management in Uganda.
In this context, NEMA is responsible for regulating the impact of energy investments on the
environment.
NEMA awards certificates of environmental clearance, following review and approval of
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Reports, Environmental Audits, Resettlement Action
Plans (RAP) and Restoration Plans.
Directorate of Water Resources DWRM under the Ministry of Water and Environment is responsible for managing the water
Management resources of Uganda in an integrated and sustainable manner in order to secure and provide
(DWRM) water of adequate quantity and quality for all social and economic needs for the present and
the future.
It is the agency that issues Surface Water Abstraction and Construction Permits to Project
Developers.
Uganda Investment Authority UIA is a semi-autonomous government agency operating in partnership with the private sector
(UIA) and Government of Uganda to drive national economic growth and development.
The Authority was set up by an Act of Parliament with the aim of promoting and facilitating
private sector investment in Uganda.
Other bodies participating in the implementation of energy policies
Private Sector Foundation PSFU is a body that brings together private companies and assists in project development.
(PSFU)
Uganda Manufacturers UMA is a body which brings together key users of Energy and potential manufacturers of the
Association (UMA) Energy equipment.
Uganda Renewable Energy UREA brings together companies, NGOs and CBOs that are implementing renewable energy
Association (UREA) projects.
Uganda Small Scale Industries USSIA Participates in energy activities through its members.
Association (USSIA)
Uganda Energy Capitalization A Credit Support Facility (CSF) instituted to provide partial guarantee for the private sector
Trust borrowing from local financial markets to develop projects
The participating Financial Institutions (PFIs) include commercial banks, development banks
and Microfinance Institutions (MFIs)
Other Government institutions Ministry of Health, Ministry of Finance Planning and Economic Development, Ministry
involved in the provision of of Education and Sports, Ministry of Water and Environment, National Forestry Authority,
renewable energy technologies Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industries and Fisheries, the Ministry of Local Government
for social services are: and Local Governments.
PERMITS NEEDED FOR ELECTRICITY SECTOR INVESTMENT
Permit Authority Rationale

Permit to undertake ERA The permit gives the developer exclusivity to develop the site, the
studies and other right to do necessary feasibility studies and the knowledge that
activities no conflicting projects are being developed. It provides ERA with
[Electricity Act 1999] information about what projects are in the pipeline at any one time.
Uganda environmental clearance NEMA The clearance allows NEMA to ensure that the project and its
[National Environment Act Cap mitigation plans comply with Ugandan standards for environmental
153, 1995] and social impact. Where the project is on a protected river or
wetland, NEMA will require the developer to additionally apply for
permission to operate on this river/wetland.
Surface Water Permit DWRM The permit allows DWRM control over the use of surface water so
(also termed Abstraction Permit) that no other parties, for example farmers are negatively affected
[Water Act Cap 152; Water and so that no other negative effects on the surface water system
Resources Regulations 1998] occur. The permit specifies the minimum water flow that should be
maintained in the river.
Construction Permit DWRM The permit allows DWRM control over the impacts on surface
[Water Act Cap 152; Water water during construction so that no unacceptable negative
Resources effects on the surface water system occur – for example significant
Regulations 1998] pollution.
Investment License UIA The Investment License is issued to an investor proposing to make
an investment in Uganda.
License(s) ERA The License(s) gives ERA the necessary control to exercise its duties
[Electricity Act 1999] as Regulator of the electricity sector. Some of the duties include
protection of end-users of electricity, enforcement of technical and
performance standards, review of the organization of the electricity
industry, etc.
Exemption from a ERA For generation projects less than 0.5 MW, no license is required, but
License the developer is required to register the project with ERA.
[Electricity Act 1999] For generation projects between 0.5MW and 2MW, the developer
may apply to ERA for an exemption from the requirement to obtain
a license.
License/Concession for Uganda Land For hydropower projects, or projects sited on land held in trust by
use of river/land Commission the Government, the developer is required to obtain a license or
concession from the Land Commission. Where the land is held by
[Land Act , 1998]
local authorities, then the concession should be obtained from the
relevant local authority.
Riparian consents From Riparian Where the project impacts on water flow to other countries, it may
States through be necessary to obtain the consent from these countries.
Uganda Ministry of
Foreign Affairs
Appendix 6: Guiding Questions for Sectoral Energy Analysis
Administration
Grid connection: - How many administration units have over grid-connection?
- Will there be further units to be connected to the grid? And are they ready for
connection (ERA certified wiring, budget for paying power bill)?
- Is power in those units used efficiently?
Off-grid solar installations: - How many administration units have over a solar installation?
- Are they functional and/or sufficient for the loads (computers, laptops, printers)?
- If they are dysfunctional, has an assessment been done for the rehabilitation?
Staff houses: - Are staff houses equipped with solar installations/small scale-solar installations (DC) for
lighting phone-charging and efficient cooking stoves?
Tree planting: - Are the boundaries of administration units demarcated by trees and is available space
used for planting wood lots?
Community-based services
Local communities - Are the local communities aware of the role of energy for social transformation?
- To what extent are they already using efficient cooking stoves, clean lighting and phone
charging solutions?
- Are there service providers within local communities marketing quality cooking and
pico-solar products?
District Planning Unit

Planning process - Is the district planning unit aware of the relevance of mainstreaming energy issues into
the planning processes of the respective sectors and sub-sectors?
- Is it offering sufficient guidance on mainstreaming energy issues?
Education
Cooking and biomass - Are there schools that offer a feeding program or offer meals?
energy
- Do these schools have efficient cooking stoves?
- Do the schools have school wood loots, demarcation trees
and/or tree nurseries?
Lighting - Are class-room blocks equipped with solar lighting systems or grid connected lighting
to enable students to study in the evening?
- Are dormitories equipped with solar lighting systems or grid connected lighting?
Biogas - Is there a sufficient number of latrines, which type and what is their state?
- Is there a potential for the use of biogas (cooking, lighting)?
Staff houses - Are staff houses equipped with solar installations/small scale (DC) solar installations for
lighting phone-charging and also with efficient cooking stoves?
Health
Grid connection: - How many health centers have a over grid-connection?
- Will there be further units to be connected to the grid? And are they ready for
connection (ERA certified wiring, budget for paying power bill)?
- Is power in those units used efficiently?
- Is there a budget for recurring power expenses?
Off-grid solar installations/ - How many health centers have a solar installation?
lighting
- Is it functional and/or sufficient for the loads (lighting, medical equipment like
microscopes, fridges)?
- If it is dysfunctional, has an assessment been done for the rehabilitation?
- Is there light available in all critical units?
Staff houses - Are staff houses equipped with solar installations or small-scale (DC) solar installations
for lighting phone-charging and also with efficient cooking stoves?
Tree planting: - Are the boundaries of health center plots demarcated by trees?
Natural Resources
State of wood fuel resources - What is the state of wood fuel resources in the district?
- At what rate are the wood fuel resources diminishing?
Charcoal production - What role does charcoal production play in the reduction of wood fuel resources?
- Which charcoal production methods are being used?
- Is there a regulatory framework for charcoal production?
Cooking - What are the common cooking methods in private households, institutions and in the
private sector (restaurants, kitchens, etc.)?
Commercial wood fuel and - Are the technologies used by commercial wood fuel and charcoal users efficient or
charcoal use inefficient (tobacco curing, fish smoking, baking etc.)?
- To what extent do they contribute to the depletion of wood fuel resources?
Alternative biomass energy - Are there other sources of biomass that could be used in a sustainable manner that
sources could complement the use of wood fuel and charcoal?
- To what extent are they already used?
- What level of awareness is there about alternative biomass energy sources?
Production
Wood fuel production - Are farmers producing wood fuel?
- Are they aware of the different options (boundary planting, hedgerow planting,
wood lots, agro-forestry)?
Bio-, agro- and animal waste - Which bio-, agro- and animal waste potentials are available in the district?
- What is their state of use?
- Who are the stakeholders producing bio-, agro- and animal waste, individual
farmers, agro-cooperatives etc.?
- Is there awareness about bio waste to energy technologies and related energy
potentials?
- Are there already service providers that are able to provide, install and maintain such
technologies and applications?
Energy-efficient technologies - Are farmers, fishermen and other stakeholders in this sector using efficient biomass
energy technologies?
- Are there already service providers that are able to provide, install and maintain such
technologies and applications?
Works and Technical Services

Knowledge and awareness - Is the department already aware that appropriate energy technology solutions like
solar power and grid power as well as efficient cooking should be included in all
relevant BOQs?
- Does the department have the required technical capacity?
- Do the environmental mitigation measures for building or road construction take
into consideration the aspect of energy, especially biomass energy through tree
planting or the provision of efficient cook stoves?
Appendix 7: Application of the Energy Mainstreaming Guidelines in the LGDP Process
The use of the energy mainstreaming guidelines in the LGDP process ultimately has to result in the addition of relevant energy
related information to all relevant chapters of the new District Development Plan.
The chapter structure for the new District Development Plans can be found on page 61-62, Appendix 1, LGDP guidelines.
There is a close linkage between the two matrix tools provided in the Energy Mainstreaming Guidelines and the relevant DDP
chapters as defined in the LGDP guidelines by NPA. The relevant chapters are indicated by the red numbers in the matrix tools.
1. Energy investment potentials matrix
Sector Opportunities Location
… 1.2.4 Natural Endowments (Natural Resources and their rate of exploitation) Where are the energy
relevant Natural
1.2.5 Socio-economic infrastructure (life standard indicators, livelihood patterns, Resources/Productive
human settlement patterns, productive resources and Economic Activities of a LG; Resources exactly located?
etc)
Summary: Overview of linkages matrix and DDP chapters
2. Energy analysis matrix
Sectors and Identified Causes Effects/ Strategies for Specific Possible Source
Subsectors Energy Issues Impacts Mitigation of Interventions Actors of Funds
Identified Effects/
Impacts
1.2.1 1.2.1 1.2.1 3.5 3.5 4.0/4.1/4.5 4.0/
1.2.5 1.2.5 1.2.5 4.1/
5.0/5.1 4.5
2.1 2.1 2.1
2.2 2.2 2.2 6.0-6.3 5.0/
2.3 2.3 2.3 5.1
6.0-6.3
7.0
Summary: Overview of linkages matrix and DDP chapters
An extensively filled-in energy analysis matrix shall feed into the listed DDP chapters and provides the necessary basis for
addressing the identified energy issues.
Below you find the detailed overview of linkages between the fields of the energy analysis matrix and the DDP chapters:
Identified energy issues
1.2.1 Key Geographical information( soils, geophysical features, land use, vegetations, etc focusing on the extent to which some
of the key geographical and natural endowment features /characteristics of a LG have been affected by human activity, etc )
1.2.5 Social –economic infrastructure (life standards indicators; livelihood patterns; human settlement patterns; productive
resources and Economic Activities of a LG; etc )
2.1 Review of Sector Development Situations including constraints (health, education, water and sanitation, etc & CSO and
private sectors)
2.2 Analysis of the State Of Crosscutting Issues
2.3 Analysis of District Potentials, Opportunities, Constraints and Challenges (See training Manual)
Causes
private sectors)
2.3 Analysis of District Potentials, Opportunities, Constraints and Challenges (See training Manual)
Effects/Impacts
private sectors)

2.3 Analysis of District Potentials, Opportunities, Constraints and Challenges (See training manual)
Strategies for mitigation of identified effects/impacts
3.5 Sector –Specific Development objectives, Outputs, Strategies, and Interventions:

3.5.1 Development objectives,
3.5.2 Development Outputs
3.5.3 Development Interventions
Specific interventions

Possible actors
4.0 LGDP IMPLEMENTATION, COORDINATION AND PARTNERSHIP FRAMEWORK

4.1 LGDP Implementation and coordination Strategy
4.5 Overview Of Development Resources And Projections By Source (name of project/Programmes, years budgets, Source of
funding – GoU, HLG, DPs Off budget, Local
CSOs, Private sector, Unfunded, Total)
5.0 LGDP FINANCING FRAMEWORKS AND STRATEGY (This should clearly articulate how the LG plans will be
financed including resource mobilization.)
5.1 Resource mobilization strategy
6.0 LGDP MONITORING AND EVALUATION STRATEGY

6.1 LGDP Monitoring and Evaluation Matrix
6.2 LGDP Monitoring and Evaluation Arrangements
Source of funds
4.5 Overview Of Development Resources And Projections By Source (name of project/Programmes, years budgets, Source of
funding – GoU, HLG, DPs Off budget, Local
5.0 LGDP FINANCING FRAMEWORKS AND STRATEGY (This should clearly articulate how the LG plans will be
financed including resource mobilization.)
5.1 Resource mobilization strategy

7.0 PROJECT PROFILES

Appendix 8: Structure of Local Government Development Plans for HLGs (excerpt from
The Local Government Development Planning Guidelines published by NPA)
THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT DEVELOPMENT PLANNING GUIDELINES
APPENDICES :
Appendix 1:
STRUCTURE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT DEVELOPMENT
PLANS FOR HLGS
Cover Page (Logo; Name of Local government; Title of Plan ; Vision; Theme)
Inner Page1 (Map of the district and Map of Uganda showing district location)
Inner Page2 (District vision statement; District Mission Statement)
Foreword (By the District Chairperson)
Acknowledgement (Statement by Chief Executive)
Table of Contents (Automatically Generated)
List of Tables
List of Figures
List of Acronyms
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (Summary of district Vision, mission, purpose, Broad development

objectives/goals, sector -Specific development objectives, investment priorities, list of un-
funded priorities, strategies to finance, implement and coordinate the plan, etc,)
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
1.1.1 Context of the Local Government Development Plan (description of the past and pres-
ent national/ Local Government development context, strategies, programs as well as
historical developments / recent experiences that underpin/ inform/ influence the cur-
rent development plan)
1.1.2 Description of the Local Government Development planning process (processes, actors
and timeframes / scheduling)
1.1.3 Structure of the Local Government Development plan (Arrangement and content of the
61
different sections/chapters comprising the plan)

1.2 District profile (Summarized information- maximum 4 pages)
1.2.1 Key Geographical information( soils, geophysical features, land use, vegetations, etc fo-
cusing on the extent to which some of the key geographical and natural endowment
features /characteristics of a LG have been affected by human activity, etc )
1.2.2 Administrative structure (lower local governments and administrative units comprising
the district, )
1.2.3 Demographic characteristics (population size and structures disaggregated, critical de-
mographic ratios and population densities for a LG or administrative units; labour force
analysis; Migration issues analysis)
1.2.4 Natural Endowments (Natural resources and their rate of exploitation)
1.2.5 Social –economic infrastructure (life standards indicators; livelihood patterns; human
settlement patterns; productive resources and Economic Activities of a LG; etc )
2.0 SITUATION ANALYSIS

2.1 Review of Sector Development Situations including constraints (health, education,
water and sanitation, etc & CSO and private sectors)
2.3 Analysis of District Potentials, Opportunities, Constraints and Challenges (See
training Manual)
2.4 Review of previous plan performance (Achievements, unfinished activities and Emerg-
ing needs)
2.5 Analysis of urban development issues
2.6 Capture key standard development indicators
3.0 LGDP STRATEGIC DIRECTION AND PLAN
3.1 Adaptation of Broad National Strategic Direction and priorities
3.2 Adaptation Sector specific strategic Directions and priorities (national)
3.3 Adaptation of Relevant national Crosscutting policies/ programs
3.4 Broad Local Government Development Plan goals and Outcomes
3.6 Summary of Sectoral Programs/projects
4.0 LGDP IMPLEMENTATION, COORDINATION AND PARTNERSHIP FRAME-

WORK
4.1 LGDP Implementation and coordination Strategy

4.2 LGDP Institutional Arrangements
4.3 LGDP Integration and Partnership Arrangements
4.4 Pre-Requisites for Successful LGDP Implementation
4.5 Overview Of Development Resources And Projections By Source (name of project/
62
Programmes, years budgets, Source of funding – GoU, HLG, DPs Off budget, Local
5.0 LGDP FINANCING FRAMEWORKS AND STRATEGY (This should clearly ar-
ticulate how the LG plans will be financed including resource mobilization.
5.1 Resource mobilisation strategy

6.1.1 LGDP Progress Reporting
6.1.2 Joint Annual Review of LGDP
6.1.3 LGDP Mid -term Evaluation
6.1.4 LGDP End of Term Evaluation
6.3 LGDP Communication and Feedback Strategy/ Arrangements
7.0 PROJECT PROFILES
APPENDICES
Consolidated Results and Resources Framework
Annualized work plan
63
Deutsche Gesellschaft für
Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH
Promotion of Renewable Energy

and Energy Efficiency Programme
P.O. Box 10346, Kampala,
Uganda
T + 256 417 104 100
F +256 414 234 165
E Markus.Exenberger@giz.de
I www.giz.de

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Guidelines for Mainstreaming Energy

into District Development Plans and Annual Work Plans

1.1 Energy as a Key Input and Driver of Development 1

1.2 The Role of Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development 2

1.3 Energy Issues on HLG and LLG Level, Baseline Situation 3

1.4 The Main Audience of the Guidelines 4

1.5 The Scope of the Guidelines 4

1.6 Vision and Objectives of the Guidelines 4

2. The Policy and Institutional Framework 6

2.1 Policy Framework 6

2.2 Institutional Framework 7

2.3 Statutory Consents Required for Investments and their Rationale 7

3. The Required Structural Framework for Energy Mainstreaming at HLG level 8

3.2 The Role and Tasks of the District Planning Unit 9

4. Integrating Energy into the Planning Process 12

4.1 Energy Investment Potentials 12

4.2 Energy Analysis 14

4.3 The Relevant Sectors and Sub-Sectors 16

5. Monitoring and Evaluation 35

5.1 Integrating M&E in the Mainstreaming of Energy Issues 35

5.2 Data collection 38

5.3 Communication with MEMD 38

AWP Annual Work Plans

CAO Chief Administrative Officer

CBO Community Based Organization

CSO Civil Society Organization

DDP District Development Plan

DECS District Energy Coordination Structure

DEFP District Energy Focal Person

ERA Electricity Regulatory Authority

FBO Faith Based Organization

HLG Higher Local Government

LGDP Local Government Development Plan

LLG Lower Local Government

MEMD Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development

MOLG Ministry of Local Government

MWE Ministry of Water and Environment

MDGs Millennium Development Goals

NPA National Planning Authority

NGO Non-Governmental Organization

REA Rural Electrification Agency

UNDP United Nations Development Organization

For God and My Country

Energy Mainstreaming Guidelines and District Energy Focal Point

There is, Therefore, a Need to Guide HLGs on How to:

- Define communication and information exchange between HLGs and MEMD.

The Main Audience for the Guidelines

Further objectives include:

Integrating Energy into the Planning Process

Outlook and Milestones

Financial year 2015/16 - Implementation of mainstreamed annual work plans 2015/16

Financial year 2017/18 - Implementation of mainstreamed annual work plans 2017/18

Linkage between Energy and Millennium Development Goals

Goal Description Relevant

1.2 The Role of Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development

1.3 Energy Issues on HLG and LLG Level – Baseline Situation

There is, therefore, a need to guide HLGs on how to:

1.5 The Scope of the Guidelines

1.6 Vision and Objectives of the Guidelines

4. To establish an information and data flow between HLGs and MEMD

Reduced household income spending on lighting and cooking.

Improved environmental sustainability through reduced utilization of resources, especially forests.

More productive use of energy by businesses and enterprises.

AWP Annual Work Plans  