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ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 4 Issue 01,January-2015
Abstract— This paper deals with the finite element analysis uncomplicated, low cost installation. The preferred type of
of a mounded bullet designed based on American Society of foundation for a mounded storage vessel is a continuous sand
Mechanical Engineer's Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section bed, supporting the vessel over its entire length. The use of the
VIII, Division 2 for the storage of liquefied petroleum gas. sand foundations allows the vessels to be installed early in the
ANSYS Parametric Design Language is used to carry out the project and also allows vessel loadings to be predicted more
structural analysis of mounded bullet. Shell elements are used accurately for vessel design. Usually the foundation will be
to model the pressure vessel and surface elements are employed constructed with a slope of at least 1:200 to facilitate draining
to accommodate the effect of subsoil stiffness. The analysis of the vessel and the sand beneath the vessel must have
results are compared with the design requirements.
adequate elevation not less than 0.76 m to facilitate drainage.
Keywords - ASME BPVC, Finite Element Analysis, Mounded,
Normally mound is provided with either earth, sand or non-
Pressure vessel. combustible materials like perlite, vermiculate, etc. for at least
700 mm thickness. As there are possibilities for foundation
I. INTRODUCTION settlement, the surrounding of bottom nozzle should be filled
with such material that can absorb settlement. Provisions are
Nowadays the storage of dangerous gases becomes a
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provided for monitoring the settlement of vessel in mounded
challenging problem. Use of mounded bullets is one of the
storage facility. Bullets must be coated with special corrosion
feasible solutions to the problem. The design aspects of
inhibiting layers such as epoxy layers and cathodic protection
mounded storage vessels are more complicated than
is critical to prevent corrosion.
conventional above ground spheres or bullets.
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Fig. 2. Structural Geometry of SURF154 element Fig. 4. Finite element model of stiffener ring with shell
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C. Boundary Conditions
Symmetrical boundary conditions are applied in quarter
symmetry model of bullet and nozzle. As per Engineering
Equipment & Material Users' Association (EEMUA) 190:
2005 standard, the mounded bullet is supported on a sand
foundation with sand bed at an angle of 1200. As per the
standard it has been considered two support cases for the
bullet (Fig. 6).
Locations
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Support
Design
Condition
Locations
Support
Allowable
FEM Yield Stress, SY
Stress,
(kN/m2) (kN/m2)
0.95*SY
(kN/m2)
Locations
Allowable considering all load combinations. The middle soft foundation
Support
Design Stress
FEM Stress, mode condition is more critical than middle hard mode. So
(Earthquake
(kN/m2) 1.5SDE
Load), SDE
(kN/m2) construction of mound from middle to ends of the bullet is
(kN/m2) safer and preferred. Hydro test is the critical load case among
Full 140087 176226 264338
service and earthquake load combinations.
Middle
Shell 138095 176266 264338
Soft
D'end 140087 176226 264338
REFERENCES
Full 141133 176226 264338 [1] ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII Division 2:
Middle Alternative Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels, Pressure
Shell 141133 176266 264338
Hard Vessels Division, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New
D'end 140166 176226 264338
York. 2007.
[2] Barge, V.H., S.S. Gawade and V. Patil (2013) Thermal- Structural
Analysis results show that the von Mises equivalent stress Analysis & Optimization of Pressure Vessel using Finite Element
is higher in hydro test load combination under middle soft Analysis. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and
Studies. 4. 104-106.
support condition. Hydro test load case is the critical load
combination for a mounded bullet. For all load combinations [3] Bednar, H.H. (1986) Pressure Vessel Design Handbook, 2nd Edition,
Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, FL, USA.
the circumferential compressive stresses and longitudinal
[4] Block, D.L., M.F. Card and M.M. Mikulas (1965) Buckling of
tensile stresses falls under the allowable limits specified by Eccentrically Stiffened Orthotropic Cylinders, Langley Research
ASME BPVC Section VII Division 2. Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington.
D. C. USA.
The analysis results for the Dome 2 and Manhole shows
[5] Borovkov, A.I. and D.S. Mikhaluk (2002) Finite Element Stress
that the maximum stress results in the nozzle to shell junction. Analysis and Multi-Parameter Optimization of a High-Pressure Vessel.
The maximum von Mises equivalent stress due to internal Proceedings of International ANSYS conference, Canonsburg, PA,
pressure including normal liquid level on Dome 2 and USA. April.
manhole of LPG mounded bullet are within those allowable [6] Braestrupe, M.W. (2005) Design and Installation of Marine Pipelines.
stresses as per ASME Section VIII, Division Part 5 - Design 1st Edititon. Blackwell Science Ltd, OX, UK
by analysis requirements. The equivalent von Mises stress [7] Deng, Y.C. and G. Chen (2010) Carrying Capacity of Pressure Vessels
RT
contour for the Dome 2 and Manhole is shown in Fig. 11 and Under Hydrostatic Pressure. Tech Science Press. 4. 65-75
the finite element results with permissible stress limits are [8] Guide for the Design, Construction and use of Mounded Horizontal
Cylindrical Vessels for Pressurised Storage of LPG at ambient
compared in Table VI. temperatures, Publication 190, EEMUA, Beech Street, London. 2005.
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TABLE VII.
Allowable Allowable
FEM
Load Condition Design Stress, Stress,1.5SD
(kN/m2)
SD (kN/m2) (kN/m2)
Design internal
pressure including 214341 146855 220282
normal liquid level