STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGN

CHAPTER 6
DESIGN OF BEAM COLUMN

Department of Civil Engineering, University of North Sumatera

Ir. DANIEL R. TERUNA, MT; Ph.D, (P.E)
 Columns in practice rarely experience concentric axial compression alone.
Since columns are usually parts of a frame, they experience both bending
moment and axial force . Structural elements subjected to combined flexural
moments and axial loads are called beam-columns
Aproximate Second Order Analysis
• Moment Magnification for member without translation
Consider beam-column subjected to lateral loading in combination with any
end moments as shown below

primary deflection

Secondary deflection

From theory of stability, secondary deflection due to axial force can be

expressed as P
2   (1)
Pe
Where Pe   EI / L is euler critical load
2 2

Hence,   1   2 (2)

Solving for  ,
 
 
1
   (3)
 P  I
 1  
 Pe 

The maximum bending moment including the axial effect becomes

M max  M Im ax  P (4)

Substituting eq.(3) into eq.(4) gives

 1  P / Pe  (5)
M max    M Im ax
 1  P / Pe 
 1 Pe
where  1 (6)
M Im ax
defined Cm  1  P / Pe (C-A-8-2)

Equation 5. becomes
 Cm 
M max    M Im ax  B1 M Im ax (8)
 1  P / Pe 
Cm (9)
where B1 
1  P / Pe
Cm
B1  (AISC Equation A-8-3)
1  (Pr / Pe1 )
B1 is amplication factor of beam-column with no joint translation

The value of Cm is given in Table C-A-8-1 (AISC 2010/SNI-2015)

Thus, the braced frame (no translation) beam- column total factored moment is

M r  B1M nt (10)
where M nt the primary factored moment for no translation case
In the direct analysis method, EI* in the Euler load Pe1 is a reduced
stiffness obtained as

EI *  0.8 b EI
where
b  a stiffness reduction factor
Pr
 1.0 when  0.5 (AISC Equation C2-2a)
Py
 Pr   Pr  Pr
4  1  when  0.5 (AISC Equation C2-2b)
 Py   Py  Py
  
The correct value for Cm will be close to 1.0 for all cases because
P / Pe rarely will exceed 0.3 . For this reason LRFD provide that Cm can be
derivev by rational analysis or 1.0 can be used for members with unrestrained
ends and 0.85 is acceptable for members with restrained ends.
Fro many years the SNI-LRFD specification have used the following simple
approximation,
M  (A-8-4)
Cm  0,6  0,4 1   0.4
 M2 

Where M 1  smaller bending moment at one end of a member

M 2  l arg er bending moment at one end of a member

 M1 
   () for sin gle curvature bending
 M2 
   for double curvature bending
Fig. C-A-8.2. Equivalent moment factor, Cm, for beam-columns
subjected to applied end moments
Fig. C-A-8.3. Maximum second-order moments, Mr, for beam-
columns subjected to applied end moments.
Moment Magnification for member with sideway possible

In a beam–column whose ends are free to translate, the maximum primary

moment resulting from the sidesway is almost always at one end.

As a consequence of this condition, the maximum primary and secondary

moments are usually additive and there is no need for the factor Cm ; in
effect, Cm  1.0. Consider the beam column shown in the figure

B
 
P M0 P M max
M0

+ =

M0
M0
P
The amplification factor for the sidesway moments, B2 , is given by

1
B2   1.0 (AISC Equation A-8-6)
Pstory
1
Pe
 where
 = 1.00 for LRFD
= 1.60 for ASD
Pstory = sum of required load capacities for all columns in the story under
consideration (factored for LRFD, unfactored for ASD)
Pe story = total elastic buckling strength of the story under consideration

This story buckling strength may be obtained by a sidesway buckling

analysis or as

HL (A-8-7)
Pe story  RM
H
where


RM  1 0.15 Pmf / Pstory  (A-8-8)
L = height of story, (mm)
Pmf = total vertical load in columns in the story that are part of moment
frames, if any, in the direction of translation being considered (= 0 for
braced frame systems), (N)
ΔH = first-order interstory drift, in the direction of translation being considered,
due to lateral forces, (mm), computed using the stiffness required to
be used in the analysis (stiffness reduced as provided in Section C2.3
when the direct analysis method is used). Where ΔH varies over the
plan area of the structure, it shall be the average drift weighted in
proportion to vertical load or, alternatively, the maximum drift.
H = story shear, in the direction of translation being considered, produced by
the lateral forces used to compute ΔH, (N)
 If all of the columns in the story are members of moment frames, then
Pmf  Pstory and RM  0.85

Further illustrates the superposition concept. Figure (a) shows an unbraced frame
subject to both gravity and lateral loads. Because of symmetry, no bracing is
needed to prevent sidesway from these loads. The moment M nt is amplified with
the factor B1 to account for the P   effect.

M lt , the moment corresponding to the sway (caused by the horizontal load H ),

will be amplified by B2 to account for the P   effect.

In Figure(b), the unbraced frame supports only a vertical load. Because of

the unsymmetrical placement of this load, there will be a small amount of
sidesway. The moment M nt is computed by considering the frame to be braced
by a fictitious horizontal support and corresponding reaction called an artificial
joint restraint (AJR).
 
H

=  +

M nt M lt
(a)

AJR AJR

=  +
M lt
M nt

(b)
Compression and bending moment interaction

The interaction of flexure and compression in doubly symmetric members and

singly symmetric members for which 0.1 ≤ I yc / I y ≤ 0.9, where I yc is the
moment of inertia of the compression flange about the y-axis, (mm4).
Pr
for  0.2
Pc

Pr 8  M rx M ry  (AISC Equation H1-1a)

   1.0

Pc 9  M cx M cy  

Pr
for  0.2
Pc

Pr  M rx M ry  (AISC Equation H1-1b)

   1.0

2 Pc  M cx M cy 
In both Eqs.(H1-1a) and (H1-1b) it is important the note the following:

1. The available column strength Pc is based on the axis of the column with the
largest slenderness ratio. This is not necessarily the axis about which the
bending takes place.

1. The available bending strength M c is based on th bending strength of the

beam without axial load, including the influence of all of the beam limit states.

2. The applied factored load Pr is the load on the column found through an
elastic analysis.

3. The moment M r is the second-order bending moment on the member. It may

be determined through a second-order analysis, either elastic or inelastic, or
by a modification of the first-order elastic moments using the amplification
factors provided in the specification.
 Pr
Pc

1.0
Unsafe element

safe element

0.2
Mr
Mc
Axial and moment interaction curve

The moment M r to be used in Eqs.(HI-Ia) and (H1-1b) must include both the
member and structures second order effects. Thus, second order moment is

M r  B1M nt  B2 M lt
where
M nt  first order moment with no translatio n
M lt  first order moment that result from lateral translatio n

= +

Mr B1M nt B2 M lt

No-sway frame sway frame

Example 1. Check the strength and stability of beam column WF 300x300x10x15
as shown below.

400cm

WF 300x300x10x15
 Pr Pr
x
M rx1 M ry1
y y

K x  1.35 K y  0.86 x y
b

x h
x
tw

M rx 2 M ry 2 tf
y
I x  20400cm , I y  6750cm 4
4

M ry1  35kNm , M ry 2  28kNm

Ag  119.8cm 2 , rx  13.1cm
Pr  750kN M rx1  62kNm, M rx 2  45kNm
ry  7.51cm, S x  1360cm 3 , S y  450cm 3
E  200000Mpa , Fy  240Mpa
h  b  300mm, t w  10mm, t f  15mm
 TEKUK LENTUR DARI KOMPONEN STRUKTUR TANPA
ELEMEN LANSING

 Tekuk Lentur

Pn  Fcr Ag ( E3  1)
c  0,9DFBK  c  1,67DKI 

1. Tekuk inelastis

KL E Fy
bila  4,71 (atau  2,25)
r Fy Fe
  Fy 
Fcr  0,658 Fe  Fy ( E 3  2)
 
 

1. Tekuk elastis

KL E Fy
bila  4,71 (atau  2,25)
r Fy Fe

Fcr  0,877 Fe ( E3  3)

KL
Syarat kelangsingan maksimum ,  200
r
Periksa kelangsingan maksimum

K x Lx K L
 200  x x  41.2  200 (ok )
rx rx
K y Ly K y Ly
 200   45.8  200 (ok )
ry ry

Periksa tekuk lokal

b
 0.56 E / Fy 10 16  ok
tf

h / t w  1.49 E / Fy 30  43  ok

Hitung parameter kelangsingan

K x Lx E
 4,71  41.2  133 Major axis buckling (x-x axis)
rx Fy
 K y Ly E
 4,71  45.8  136 Minor axis buckling (y-y axis)
ry Fy

govern

Hitung tegangan kritis

 2E
Fe   940Mpa
KL / ry 
2

 Fy 
Fcr  0,658 Fe  Fy ( E 3  2)
 
 
Fcr  215.6Mpa

Hitung kuat nominal c Pn

Pc  c Pn  0.9 Ag Fcr  2325 kN
  Menentukan momen nominal M cx and M cy

Lb  400cm (unbraced length )

E
L p  1,76ry  3815mm  Lb ( F 2  5)
Fy

Check apakah Lb  Lr

2 2
E  Jc   Jc   0,7 Fy 
   
Lr  1,95rts
0,7 Fy S h   S h   6,76 E  ( F 2  6)
 x 0  x 0  

J
1
3
 3 3

2bt f  h0t w  770000mm4
 1 2
Cw  I y h0  1.37 x1012 mm6
4

2
I y Cw
dan rts  , rts  84mm ( F 2  7)
Sx

2 2
E  Jc   Jc   0,7 Fy 
Lr  1,95rts       6,76 
0,7 Fy  S x h0   S x h0   E 

E
Lr  1,95rts 1.99 x103  3.95 x106  4.77 x106
0,7 Fy

jadi diperoleh Lr  13.7m  Lb  4m

 • Periksa klassifikasi penampang

elemen  p r
b E E
sayap  10 0.38  11 1.0  29
tf Fy Fy
h E E
badan  30 3.76  108 5.7  164
tw Fy Fy

Penampang adalah kompak

 Pelelehan
M n  M cx  M p  Fy Z x ( F 2  1)

Z x  230 x1.5 x(15  0.75)  13.5 x1x13.5 / 2  1465cm3

M cx  240(1465 x10 3 )  352kN  m
 Tekuk Torsi Lateral

  Lb  L p 
M n  Cb  M p  M p  0,7 Fy S x    M p
 ( F 2  2)
  Lr  L p 
12,5 M max
Cb 
2,5 M max  3M A  4M B  3M C Bid. momen
M1
12.5(62)
Cb   2.1 1.7m M2
2.5(62)  3(26.5)  4(8.1)  3(35)

  4  3.8 
M cx  
 2.1352  352  228    726kNm  M p
  13.7  3.8 
M cx  M p  352kNm
Momen nominal untuk sumbu lemah
F6. I-Shaped Members and Channels Bent About Their Minor Axis

The nominal flexural strength, M n , shall be the lower value obtained

according to the limit states of yielding (plastic moment) and flange local
buckling.

1. Yielding

M n  M cy  M p  Fy Z y  1.6 Fy S y

Z y  22 x15 x1.5 x7.5  27 x0.5 x0.25  682cm3

M cy  240(682 x10 3 )  164knm  172knm

Periksa kekuatan kolom

Pr 750
for   0.32  0.2
Pc 2325

Pr 8  M rx M ry 
   1.0

Pc 9  M cx M cy  

750 8  62 35 
     0.67  1.0
2325 9  352 164 

Kesimpulan kolom wf 300x300 kuat memikul beban yang bekerja