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UPTC Readings

Reading 1 Video Games

There are many kinds of computer games. Some games let you shoot a gun at people on the screen. If a body is hit, blood and body parts
come off the body. Another game shows a monster eating a person.

In another game, many of the pictures show violence. Some pictures show women with very little clothes on. The people who make the
games are worried that these kinds of games are not good for people to play.

One game company wants less violence in the computer games. They want their games to not have women shown without much clothing.

Some people think that the violence in the games is like growing up. Some boys like to fight and they will use the computer to pretend to
fight.

These games were made by young men. The violence and sex are put in the game for boys. But what about girls? Girls need to be
comfortable with computers so they can use them when they grow up.

Most computer games are not violent. Playing computer games help kids to get involved with computers. The problem now is to get girls to
learn computers while they are still young. TAKEN
1.The violence and _____ are put in the game for boys. a. pictures b.sex c.scores d. sounds

2. The problem now is to get girls to learn computers while they are what? a.still young b.out of school c. working hard

3. What is put in the game for boys? a .high scores b. violence and sex c. loud sounds

4. If a computer body is hit, what comes off the body? a.blood and body parts b. shoes and socks c.hair and clothes

5. Who is worried that these kinds of games are not good for people to play?
a. The people who make the games b. The parents that buy the game c. The kids who play the games

6. Some people think that the violence in the games is like what?
a. growing up b. reading a book c. a movie

7. Some games let you shoot a gun at _____ on the screen.

a. yourself b. people c. boxes d. animals

8. Some boys like to _____ and they will use the computer to pretend to fight.
a. fight b. sleep c. jump d. run

9. In another game, many of the pictures show _____.

a. houses b. colors c. holidays d. violence

10. The problem now is to get girls to learn _____ while they are still young.
a. cooking b. sewing c. computers d. games
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Reading 2

Video Games ... Are Good For You? by Gabriel J. Adams

While it may be disliked by parents, girlfriends and wives around the world, the video game industry is a permanent part of our world. From
its humble beginnings in the 80s, the video game industry has exploded into a ten-billion dollar subculture.
Test your comprehension
Hopefully, you can use some of this information to help convince the non-gamers in your life that you’re not just wasting your time. It
probably won’t change their attitude a great deal, but it should help. However, if you’re neglecting your homework, your relationship or your
hygiene due to video games…well…this all won’t matter much.

Stress Relief
Video games are an excellent way to relieve stress. For the average non-gamer, in fact, spending 15 or 20 minutes a day playing an easy
to learn, though difficult to conquer, game like Tetris or Minesweeper will do wonders for stress relief. However, the more complex and
involved games may actually be more effective than their simpler brethren.

Some people read a book or watch a movie as a way to get their mind off of their problems. Basically, they allow people to be transported
to a fictional world for a while. In that area, video games are actually the most effective form of release, because they provide a deeper and
more encompassing transportation.

Improved Logic
Logical thinking is, sadly, a skill that seems to be mostly ignored in public education these days. It’s truly sad because finely tuned logical
abilities are critically important in our world. Nearly all video games train your mind in thinking logically.

Quicker Decision Making

This tends to go hand-in-hand with the previous example. Logical skills are a good thing, but they lose their luster if used slowly. Quick
thinking skills are a good thing, but can be disastrous without proper logic. Putting the two together, however, can have an immensely
beneficial impact on your life. Most games give you a time limit on reaching a decision, either in the form of a formal timer or in the form of
somebody rushing at you with a shotgun or sword.

These three arguments are actually enough to make me believe that everyone should play video games. Everyone knows that stress relief
is becoming increasingly important as our world becomes increasingly stressful. Quick decision making and logical reasoning are huge
assets in life. So, the next time somebody starts ragging on you about ‘wasting your time” playing video games, you can fill them in just a
little bit on the fact that you’re actually giving your brain one heck of a work out!

Now answer the questions bellow

1. According to the article, logical thinking skills need to be fine-tuned.
A. Doesn't say B. False C. True

2. Which is better for stress relief?

A. A challenging game that is easily mastered
B. An easily learned game that can never be mastered.
C. An easily learned game that is difficult to master.

3. According to the article which of the following is true?

A. Video games relieve stress B. Video games cause stress C. Doesn´t say

4. Non-gamers often think gamers are:

A. Wasting their time B. Wasting their life C. Wasting their money

5. What should you be sure to keep up with when gaming?

A. Relationships and hygiene B. Nourishment and relationships C. Hygiene and Nourishment
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6. According to the article it is necessary to spend at least an hour a day playing video games to completely relieve stress.
A. True B. Doesn't say C. False

7. According to the article what does public education do a good job at?
A. None of these B. Teaching fine tuning abilities
C. Teaching logical thinking skills D. Teaching quick thinking skills

8. What is the information in this article useful for?

A. Helping to convince non-gamers to play video games
B. Helping to convince non-gamers that video games are value for money
C. Helping to convince non-gamers that video games are not a waste of time

9. What helps to develop quick thinking skills?

A. Logic B. Danger C. A time limit

10. The three main arguments in support of video game playing presented in this article are:-
A. stress relief, creative thinking, improved logic
B. relationship building, stress relief, quick thinking
C. improved logic, stress relief, quick thinking

11. According to the article most video games train your mind to think:
A. logically B. Doesn't say C. aggressively D. dangerously

12. What should be used slowly?

A. Luster B. Neither C. Logic

13. According to the article, when did the video game industry begin?
A. Doesn't say B. In the 1980s C. In the 1970s

14. Which type of game is more effective for stress relief?

A. Difficult and multi-level B. Complex and involved C. Easy and simple

15. According to the article playing video games is less effective at relieving stress than reading a book.
A. True B. Doesn't say C. False

READING 3
Social Networks
Do the names MySpace, Facebook, Orkut, etc. ring a bell? They probably do because they are some of the most popular sites on the internet
today. These sites are all called 'social networking' sites because they help people meet and discuss things online. Each of these social
networking sites has its own strengths: MySpace is especially popular among teenagers, Facebook is popular with college age people, Orkut
is especially loved in Brazil, and CyWorld is the site to visit in South Korea. The common thread between all of these social networks is that
they provide a place for people to interact, rather than a place to go to read or listen to 'content'.
Web 2.0
Social networks are considered to be web 2.0. What does this mean? To understand this, it's important to understand what the original web
did (often called web 1.0). Back in the nineties, the internet - or web - was a place to go to read articles, listen to music, get information, etc.
Most people didn't contribute to the sites. They just 'browsed' the sites and took advantage of the information or resources provided. Of
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course, some people did create their own sites. However, creating a site was difficult. You needed to know basic HTML coding (the original
language the internet uses to 'code' pages). It certainly wasn't something most people wanted to do as it could take hours to get a basic
page just right. Things began to get easier when blogs (from web log) were introduced. With blogs, many more people began writing 'posts',
as well as commenting on other people's blogs.
MySpace Surprises Everybody
In 2003 a site named MySpace took the internet by storm. It was trying to mimic the most popular features of Friendster, the first social
networking site. It quickly became popular among young users and the rest was history. Soon everyone was trying to develop a social
networking site. The sites didn't provide 'content' to people, they helped people create, communicate and share what they loved including
music, images and videos. They key to the success of these sites is that they provide a platform on which users create the content. This is
very different from the beginning of the internet which focused on providing 'content' for people to enjoy.
Key to Success
Relying on users to create content is the key to the success of web 2.0 companies. Besides the social networking sites discussed here, other
huge success stories include: Wikipedia, Digg.com and the latest success - Twitter. All of these companies rely on the desire of users to
communicate with each other, thereby creating the 'content' that others want to consume.
Choose the correct answer to these questions based on the reading selection on the Social Networking Sites
1. Which social networking site was not mentioned in the reading?
a.MySpace b. LinkedIn c. Facebook

2. What is Facebook?
a. A blog b. A content site c. A social networking site
3. Where is Orkut especially popular?
a. In Japan b. In South Korea c. In Brazil

4. Which phrase best describes what people do at social networking sites?

a. They interact with other people. b. They browse articles and other content. c. They code pages in HTML.

5. Social networks are considered: a. Web 1.0 sites b. Web 2.0 sites c. Web blogs
6. What was the original web mainly used for? a. Interacting with other people b. Browsing content c. Creating pages in HTML
7. Why didn't many people create web pages in the beginning?
a. They didn't like communicating with others.
b. They didn't feel comfortable coding HTML pages.
c. They didn't know they could create web pages.

8. Which is the best description of web 2.0 sites?

a. They are content driven sites. b. They are platforms for interaction. c. They are like blogs, but better.

9. What do web 2.0 sites rely on?

a. Articles written by professional journalists b. Users creating content c. Fast internet connections

10. What is most important for these new sites?

a. Users' desire to communicate with each other
b. Users' desire to learn coding
c. Users' desire to read interesting content written by professionals
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Reading 4 What is the internet?

The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite, a set of communications
protocols, to serve billions of users worldwide. The internet has reshaped and redefined most traditional communications media including
telephone, music, film, and television. This has given birth to new services. Newspaper, book and other print publishing are adapting to
Web site technology, or are reshaped into blogging and web feeds.

The Internet has enabled or accelerated new forms of human interactions through instant messaging, Internet forums, and social
networking. Online shopping has boomed both for major retail outlets and small artisans and traders. Business-to-business and financial
services on the Internet affect supply chains across entire industries.

The origins of the Internet reach back to research of the 1960s, commissioned by the United States government in collaboration with
private commercial interests to build robust, fault-tolerant, and distributed computer networks. The commercialization of what was by the
1990s an international network resulted in its popularization and incorporation into virtually every aspect of modern human life. As of 2011,
more than 2.1 billion people — nearly a third of Earth's population — use the services of the Internet

Comprehension:

1. The internet has completely dethroned traditional media. a. True b. False

2. The internet has had an impact on commerce. a. True b. False
3. The internet was first introduced in the 1990s. a. True b. False
4. More than a quarter of the Earth's population are internet users a. True b. False
5. The internet has had an impact on commerce. a. True b. False
6. The internet was first introduced in the 1990s. a. True b. False
7. More than a quarter of the Earth's population are internet users. a. True b. False

Reading 5 Information Technology

If you want a brief history of information technology, here is one. Humans were the first "computers". Then machines were invented to
carry out the computational tasks. Now these machines have given way to new form of information technology. Information has become
accessible from anywhere.

Information technology deals with the acquisition, processing, storage and dissemination of vocal, pictorial, textual and numerical
information by a microelectronics-based combination of computing and telecommunications. Thanks to the continuous development of
computers, the original computing systems became minicomputers and later personal computers took the lead. Nowadays, mobile phones
are dethroning the personal computer and computing is evolving faster to become disembodied more like a cloud, becoming accessible
more easily whenever needed. Information technology in this sense has transformed people and companies and has allowed digital
technology to influence society and economy alike.

http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/reading_science.php

Comprehension:

1. Information technology is changing principally because of:.. a. the changing needs b. new technological advances
2. According to the author the first computers were: a. calculators b. humans
3. Development of information technology is the result of:
4. a. advances in computing systems
b. development of machinery in general
5. Computing systems are taking the form of clouds means:
a. computers have become smaller
b. computing power will be disembodied.
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Reading 6 Facebook Depression: Are Your Kids at Risk?

by Lisa Collier CollRetrieved

Social media networking is a great way to connect with friends. The conversation never stops; just check the popular sites every day—
Facebook, Twitter, and others—and your kids are always invited to the party.These tips can help protect against Facebook depression and
other online risks:
Balance media use with offline interactions. The number one cause of Facebook depression, says Dr.Wood, is lack of healthy socializing in
the real world. Since kids learn from their parents, let them see you taking the initiative to get together with friends in person, and
encourage your children to invite their friends over instead of solely communicating through texts, Facebook updates, and cell phone calls.
Give your family well-rounded social experiences. It may take planning and work to organize family outings, but both kids and adults will be
physically and emotionally healthier for it. Go to museums, take hikes, visit relatives and eat family meals together—while taking a break
from technology use.
Keep computers in a public part of your home, such as the family room. That helps you keep an eye on how much time your kids are
spending online. The AAP reports that 22 percent of teens log on to their favorite social media site more than ten times a day and more
than 50 percent do so at least twice a day. Many kids spend up to seven hours a day online, researchers report, upping risk for both
depression and childhood obesity.
Monitor media use. Establish a policy that you and your child “friend” each other on each social media site your kids use. This will help
provide checks and balances, by making you part of your child’s online social circle. Also consider using monitoring systems to track your
kids’ email, chat, IM and image content. Log off computers at night and confiscate kids’ cell phones at bedtime, to avoid sleep deprivation
from late night texting and emails.
Help your child realize that what’s projected online may not be real. On social media, people can be anything they like—sexier, smarter,
more popular, even better looking than in real life. People can brag, exaggerate and even lie about their hot dates, party invitations, and
how much fun they’re having. That’s the problem with not connecting face-to-face: you can’t tell reality from fantasy, another good reason
to guide family members toward focusing on real-life experiences and relationships.
Watch out for red flags. Warning signs that your child is spending too much time online include skipping activities, meals and homework in
favor of social media usage, weight loss or gain, and a drop in grades. These may signal social media or Internet addiction, says the AAP.
Talk to your child daily about social media use to keep yourself in the loop. And if he or she develops symptoms of depression, such as
crying, low energy, trouble concentrating, frequent headaches or stomachaches, irritability, or chronic sadness lasting for two or more
weeks, consult a doctor.

1. According to the passage, what is a great way of connecting with people?

A. telephone conversation B. face to face interaction C. social networking D. written interaction

2. According to Dr. Wood what will happen if too much of one’s socializing done via computer?
A. There is a risk of depression B. There is no depth to one’s experience.
C. There is a risk of not trusting anyone. D. All of the above

3. According to Dr. Wood what is the number one cause of facebook depression?
A. losing your trust to your friend B. spending so much time on the net
C. lack of a healthy interaction in the real life D. comparing yourself to others one the net

4. How can parents balance media use with real world interaction?
A. advice their children not to spend so much on the net B. have a more face to face interaction with their friends
C. ask the children to invite their friends online when they are present too. D. do not let their children use cell phone or computers

5. How can a family have a well-rounded social experiences?

A. by visiting relatives
B. by eating meal together
C. by planning and organizing family outing
D. all of the above

6. Which choice is correct about teens using social media site according to AAP report?
A. 15 percent of teens log on to social site five times a day
B. They log to social sites ten times more than their parents do.
C. nearly 2o percent of teens use social media site more than ten times a day
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D. nearly 22 percent of them use social site more than fifty time a day and nearly 50 percent of them do so five times a day

7. According to the researchers what is the risk of spending so much time on the net
A. childhood obesity B. depression C. lose of interest for going to school D. both a and b

8. can parents monitor media use of their children?

A. by visiting the same site that their children use every day
B. by checking the content of their children’s email , chat
C. by not using their children to use computers for more than one hour daily
D. by taking their cellphone when their children go to school

9. According to the passage, what is the warning sign for your children spending so much time on the net?
A. lack of interest for school B. gaining or losing weight C. decrease in family interaction D. all of the above

10. All of the above choices are symptoms of depression except

A. crying B. frequent headaches C. chronic sadness D. not having a desire for talking with others

Exercise B

1. The main reason for face book depression is due to parents’ lack of socializing with their children A. True B. False
2. Parents can protect against face book depression through eating meals together A. True B. False
3. According to AAP reports 22 percent of teenagers use Facebook more than 5 times a day. A. True B. False
4. Those kids spending more than seven hours online are more susceptible to depression and obesity. A. True B. False
5. Social media or internet addiction does not have any overt warning sign. A. True B. False
6. Crying, lack of concentration and frequent headaches are symptoms of Facebook depression. A. True B. False

Reading 7 Read the passage. Then answer the questions below.

Marcia says that all of her friends have a cell phone, but Marcia’s mom doesn't want to buy her one. Marcia's mom doesn't want Marcia to
play video games either. What is more, the Internet scares her.
Marcia's mom says, “If Marcia has a cell phone, how do we know whom she is talking to? Video games are bad for you. The Internet is
dangerous and uncontrolled. It’s like having a gun in the house. We should just ban her from using the computer, and I'm not buying her a
cell phone until she is eighteen.
This is the only way we can be sure that Marcia is safe."Marcia’s dad disagrees with Marcia's mom. Although he agrees that there are
some dangers to it, he likes the Internet, and finds it to be very useful. “The trouble is,” he says, “We just can’t stop Marcia from using the
Internet, as this would put her at a disadvantage. What is more, I like video games. I think that, when played in moderation, they are fun.
Obviously, it is not good to play them without restraint or self-control. Finally, I think Marcia needs a cell phone. We can’t take these things
away.”

Questions
1) Which of the following best describes the difference between Marcia's mom and Marcia's dad?
A. Mom wants to ban Marcia from using the computer, while dad likes to play video games.
B. Mom thinks technology is dangerous, while dad thinks it can be useful.
C. Mom cares little about Marcia's future, while dad is very supportive.
D. Mom is very strict while Dad is open minded.

2) Which of the following best describes the similarity between Marcia's mom and Marcia's dad?
A. Mom and dad both like technology.
B. Mom and dad both think video games are bad.
C. Mom and dad both think the internet is dangerous.
D. Mom and dad both care about Marcia's wellbeing.

3) In paragraph 1, Marcia's mom says, "It's like having a gun in the house." She says this in order to
A. support the idea that the Internet is dangerous
B. reject the claim that guns can be safe if used responsibly
C. encourage Marcia's dad to purchase a gun
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D. explain why the Internet is uncontrolled

4) In paragraph 2, Marcia's dad says, "We just can’t stop Marcia from using the Internet, as this would put her at a disadvantage." What
does Marcia's dad mean by this?
A. Marcia needs to learn how to use the internet if she wants to have friends in the future.
B. Marcia should not stop using the internet because this will seriously slow her learning.
C. If a person's ability to use the internet becomes important in the future, Marcia will be at a loss.
D. If Marcia does not learn to use the internet on her own, then she will never learn to recognize its dangers.

5) In paragraph 2, Marcia's dad says, "Finally, I think Marcia needs a cell phone." Given what you know about Marcia’s mom’s concerns,
what is the best reason Marcia's dad can provide to convince Marcia's mom that Marcia needs a cell phone?
A. Marcia can use her cell phone to talk to her friends, instead of needing to borrow one of ours.
B. Having a cell phone will teach Marcia how to use new technology.
C. Because all of her friends have one, it would be unfair to disallow Marcia to have a cell phone.
D. If Marcia's is in trouble she can use her cell phone to call for help.

6) Which of the following describes a level of game play that Marcia' dad would disapprove of?
A. On Saturday, Marcia plays video games all evening. The next day, she wakes up early and goes for a walk through the woods near her
house. When her friend calls Marcia, they talk about the
A What they are going to wear to school on Monday.
B. Marcia plays video games for an hour or two. Then she eats lunch and meets her friends at the skating rink. That night, Marcia and her
friends go to see a movie.
C. Marcia plays video games all morning. When her friends ask her to come play outside, Marcia tells them that she is too busy and
continues to play.
D. Marcia plays video games for an hour every day for five days straight. During these days, she does not watch any TV.

7) Marcia's mom can best be described as

A. ridiculous B. careful C. cruel D. rude

8) Marcia's dad can best be described as

A. shameless B. foolish C. wild D. reasonable

9) Which of the following would be the best way for Marcia to change the way her mom thinks about technology?
A. Read her a newspaper article that talks about the importance of technology.
B. Provide her an instruction manual detailing how the latest cell phone functions.
C. Take her to the library and show her the top five most popular internet websites.
D. Spend the weekend playing video games with her.

Completition exercise

buddy bullying cyberbullies details features friends gender guidelines history homework

information Internet networking online person picture places programming protection

rules safeguards signs sites symptoms time trouble

Keep your children safe online.

There are some _____________________ families can follow in order to keep their children safe __________________. Some of them
are presented below.
Communicate with your child. Discuss what she’s doing _____________________ and why. Set ___________________ , and talk about
them.
Limit screen ___________________ . Permit your child, say, a half hour on the _________________ right after school to instant-message
______________________ , play games, or visit social _____________________ sites. After that, the computer is used for
_____________________ only and it’s an IM-free zone.
Do your homework. Check your child’s browser _________________ to know where he or she goes online, and check the
___________________ regularly. Use security tools and privacy _________________ offered by your browser or Internet service
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provider for extra _____________________.
Make sure your child’s sites have privacy _______________________
. One out of every five kids gets sexual solicitations online. Strangers, predators, and __________________ all target children, and their
work is easy when screen names reveal age, ___________________ , or hometown.
Know whom your child talks to online. Review her _____________________ list: does she really know everyone, or are some buddies
“friends of friends”? Have her remove anyone whom she hasn’t met in ___________________ .
Tell him not to exchange personal ______________________ like a phone number, address, best friend’s name, or ______________ .
No party invitations, revealing _______________________ , or meeting in person—ever.
Make sure your school has Internet Safety educational _____________________ .
Look for warning ______________________ that your child is being bullied. If your child becomes withdrawn, avoids certain
___________________ , becomes self-destructive, cries often, suddenly starts having __________________ in school, or has physical
______________ such as stomachaches, she may be a victim of __________________________ .

GRAMMAR

Fill the gaps with 'have' or 'has'.

1. I _______________ answered the question. She _______________ opened the window.
2. They _______________ called us. You have_______________ carried a box.
3. It _______________ rained a lot. We _______________ washed the car.
4. He _______________ closed the window. Jenny _______________ locked the door.
5. The girls _______________ visited the museum. John and Sophie _______________ helped in the garden.

JUST:Means something happened a short time ago.

A:Have you bought the tickets?
B:Yes,I’ve just bought them.
Look! That man has just stole a lady’s purse.
ALREADY:Means something happened before you expected.
A:Don’t forget to water the
flowers,Jane?
B:Oh,mum.I’ve already watered them.
YET:Means “until now”.It is used in negative sentences or questions.
A:Have you finished your homework yet?
B:No.I haven’t finished it yet.

MAKE SENTENCES
1.my father/just/come/home.…………………………………………………………………………….
2.we/finish/already/project/Science.…………………………………………………………………………….
3.yet/the students/enter/the gymnasium.……………………………………………………………………….
4.find/I/new idea/just/for/my composition.………………………………………………………………………….
5.meg/breakfast/already/finish/her.…………………………………………………………………………….
6.our/yet/teacher/into/classroom/come.…………………………………………………………………………….

ANSWER THE QUESTIONS USING JUST,ALREADY,YET

1.Have you written the composition for the English lesson?(yet)………………………………………………..
2.Have you studied for the Geography exam yet? (already ) ………………………………………………………………..
3.Have you finished painting the fence behind the school? (just)……………………………………………………………………………
4.Have you eaten anything for breakfast yet? (yet)……………………………………………………………………………………
5.Have you taken the trousers to the tailer’s yet? (already)…………………………………………………………………………………
6.Has your father bought the newspaper and bread yet? (just)………………………………………………………………….

FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH

JUST,ALREADY or YET
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1.I have ………… heard that Mr.Brown had an accident.His wife called me a minute ago.
2.A:You can’t go out before you finish your homework.
B:Oh,mum I have ………… finished my homework.

3.Teacher:Have you finished answering

all the questions …………?
Student: Yes,teacher.I have ………….
completed them.I will write my name
and give the exam paper to you.
4.A:Do you want met o help you with the washing up.
B:You are too late.I have …………… done the washing up.
5.A:Where is your father?
B:He has …………. arrived home.He is taking off his coat.
6.A:Has your father come home ………?
B:Yes,he has ………… come.He is sleeping now.
7.An accident has ………… happened. A man with a mustache is calling the ambulance.The police hasn’t come yet. All the injured people
are shouting in pain

ANSWER THE QUESTIONS USING ALREADY

1.When will the film “A Beautiful Mind” start?
It ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2.When are you going to finish reading that book?
I ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3.When are you going to buy the T-shirt you saw?
I ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4.When is Sammy going to have your hair cut?
He …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5.When are your parent going to sell their car?
They ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
6.When will Mrs.Smith have an operation?
She ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7.When will your neighbours come back from holiday?
They ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
8.When will the students plant flowers to the garden?
They …………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Fill in the gaps with have-has/ haven´t-hasn´t

1. Mike ___ brought the pizza.Let's eat it immediately.I'm very hungry.
2. I ___ finished washing the dishes yet.Can somebody help me,please?
3. We ___ bought the TV yet.We can't decide which one to buy.
4. Clara's bus ___ arrived at the bus station yet because of the heavy rain.
5. __________________ you ever wanted to ride on an elephant? It sounds exciting.
6. People _________________________ always wanted to earn more and more money since it was invented.
7. The weather ___ been terrible since Monday.It's snowy and cold.
8. Peter __________________ worked as a policeman for more than 25 years.
9. Samuel _________________________________ started writing his new novel yet. He hasn't got any time.
10. The cat ___________________________ eaten anything since yesterday morning. I'll give her food.
11. What ____________________________________ the students done to the classroom? The door is broken.
12. Jack and Pam ___________________________________ been to a foreign country before. They look excited.
13. Rachel _____________________________ just come home from the shopping center. She looks tired.
14. They _____________________________ sent the dishwasher I bought last week yet. I'll complain about it.
15. Helen _____________________________ finished doing her homework yet. She can't come out with you.
16. __________________________________ you ever seen the fairy chimneys in Nevsehir, Turkey?
17. How long _____________________________________ those women worked in this factory?
18. She _____________________________ seen her parents since she went to university. She feels homesick.
19. My grandparents _________________________________ called me for two weeks. I really missed them.
 UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGÓGICA Y TECNOLÓGICA DE COLOMBIA
INSTITUTO INTERNACIONAL DE IDIOMAS
SEDE SECCIONAL SOGAMOSO
LEVEL IV GUIDE
20. __________________________________ Mary collected the cherries on the tree yet? I want to eat some.
21. The bad news _____________________________________ made people in this town upset and pessimistic.
22. I _______________________________________ visited Jack in the hospital yet. Shall we go there together?
23. ____________________________________________ Tracy and Fanny moved to another flat yet?
24. It _________________________________ been twenty days since I went on this strict diet.

B. Fill in the spaces with the correct form of the verb in simple present perfect tense.

COMPLETE
Note: In this exercise, all of the past participles are irregular. This means that they have unexpected changes in spelling and pronunciation
which are not the same as the simple past forms. You may want to refer to a list of irregular verbs to find irregular past participles.
Example: Amy (eat) has eaten lunch already.
Example: Amy and Arnold (eat) have eaten lunch already.
1) Mark (eat) _______ ________ dinner already. He is not hungry.
2) Beth (write) _______ ________ three letters today. She misses her family.
3) Yoko and Armand (take) _______ ________ the test. Now they can relax.
4) Marty and I (be) _______ ________ to Costa Rica three times.
We are familiar with the culture.
5) I (drink) _______ _______ six cups of water today.
6) Eva (sing) _______ ________ in a chorus before. Her voice is pretty.
7) Chong-Li (get) _______ ________ very good at speaking English. She has practiced a lot.
8) Lucy (hide) _______ ________ in the woods. Now her friends will try to find her.
9) It (be) _______ ________ a good week so far.
10) You (show) ________ _________ that you are a hard worker. Good job!
11) Daisy (wear) _______ _________ a dress to work every day this week.
12) Mr. Lee (drive) _______ ________ from Texas to Iowa for the conference. He needs to get some rest before it starts.
13) Juan (ride) _______ ________ horses since he was a little boy. It is easy for him.
14) Mr. and Mrs. Sanchez (become) _______ ________ grandparents. Their daughter, Josefina, had a baby yesterday.
15) The movie (begin) _______ _______. Please be quiet!
First conditional
We use the First Conditional to talk about future events that are likely to happen.
 If we take John, he'll be really pleased.
 If you give me some money, I'll pay you back tomorrow.
 If they tell us they want it, we'll have to give it to them.
 If Mary comes, she'll want to drive.
The 'if' clause can be used with different present forms.
 If I go to New York again, I'll buy you a souvenir from the Empire State Building.
 If he's feeling better, he'll come.
 If she hasn't heard the bad news yet, I'll tell her.
The "future clause" can contain 'going to' or the future perfect as well as 'will'.
 If I see him, I'm going to tell him exactly how angry I am.
 If we don't get the contract, we'll have wasted a lot of time and money.
The "future clause" can also contain other modal verbs such as 'can' and 'must'.
 If you go to New York, you must have the cheesecake in Lindy's.
 If he comes, you can get a lift home with him.

The first conditional has the present simple after 'if', then the future simple in the other clause:

 if + present simple, ... will + infinitive

It's used to talk about things which might happen in the future. Of course, we can't know what will happen in the
future, but this describes possible things, which could easily come true.

 If it rains, I won't go to the park.

 If I study today, I'll go to the party tonight.
 UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGÓGICA Y TECNOLÓGICA DE COLOMBIA
INSTITUTO INTERNACIONAL DE IDIOMAS
SEDE SECCIONAL SOGAMOSO
LEVEL IV GUIDE
 If I have enough money, I'll buy some new shoes.
 She'll be late if the train is delayed.
 She'll miss the bus if she doesn't leave soon.
 If I see her, I'll tell her.
First Conditional Exercise
Put the verb into the correct first conditional form:
1. If I __________________ (go) out tonight, I __________________ (go) to the cinema.
2. If you __________________ (get) back late, I __________________ (be) angry.
3. If we __________ (not / see) each other tomorrow, we __________ (see) each other next week.
4. If he __________________ (come), I __________________ (be) surprised.
5. If we __________________ (wait) here, we __________________ (be) late.
6. If we __________________ (go) on holiday this summer, we ________________ (go) to Spain.
7. If the weather _________________ (not / improve), we ______________ (not / have) a picnic.
8. If I __________________ (not / go) to bed early, I ________________ (be) tired tomorrow.
9. If we __________________ (eat) all this cake, we ________________ (feel) sick.
10. If you __________________ (not / want) to go out, I _______________ (cook) dinner at home.
11. I __________________ (come) early if you __________________ (want).
12. They __________________ (go) to the party if they __________________ (be) invited.
13. She __________________ (stay) in London if she __________________ (get) a job.
14. He __________________ (not / get) a better job if he ______________ (not / pass) that exam.
15. I __________________ (buy) a new dress if I __________________ (have) enough money.
16. She __________________ (cook) dinner if you _______________ (go) to the supermarket.
17. They __________________ (go) on holiday if they ________________ (have) time.
18. We __________________ (be) late if we __________________ (not / hurry).
19. She __________________ (take) a taxi if it __________________ (rain).
20. I __________________ (not / go) if you __________________ (not / come) with me.