Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter presents the list of related studies and literature that serve
as guidelines to the proponents to pursue their topic entitled “Online-Based
Instructors Scheduling System”. The proponents do not own any of the study
listed and the researchers will not copy any of this works.

Related Literature

According to Dr. Dibon (2010), a study on a report on the Impact of

Workload on Teachers and Student’s stated that Teacher’s expressed concern

that higher level of frustration and stress due to a lack of assigned time to

prepare classes can negatively impact on their interactions with students. The

lack of preparation time can also result in classes that are not

planned/prepared as well as they could be. Further, when a teacher doesn’t

have time to properly assess student work, in a timely fashion, and has little

time to provide tutorial classes, remedial work for students who need extra

help is often compromised. Having adequate preparation time is a critical factor

to a teacher satisfaction. In this Study, the proponents aim to develop an “E

Faculty Loading” that will help organize the teachers work load. When teachers

are satisfied with the amount of time they had for preparation they were much

more positive about their work and profession in general.

Manual system is retrieving, maintaining, security and filling of records

consume lot of time and effort. There are some cases wherein misplaced of

records are taking place because of the years gone by. Furthermore, these files
were only kept in envelope, folder or wooden racks. There are also instances

when the right information is given to the wrong person, which may affect

quality of service. (M. Cantonas, 2008)

The need for a computerized system is very much essentials to establishments,

especially schools. It provide a great help when it comes to organizing and

speeding up process of work in offices.

Senior Scheduling System is a powerful tool designed to help create school’s

master schedule. The schedule created by the scheduling system can be

analyzed, adjusted and rerun an unlimited number of times until the desired

results are achieved. The power of Scheduling system will greatly reduce the

time it takes to create school’s faculty schedules.(Gordon Smith, 2007)

It is important to have a system or software that is efficient, reliable and can

adapt to different environment. Faculty loading done manually is time

consuming. In today’s society, the use of modern technology is widely used to

conserve time and energy. The use of computerized faculty loading will reduce

the time in scheduling a faculty workload.

A school has a limited amount of classrooms, labs, and lecture halls to hold

courses in. Many full-time professors have only specialized areas of expertise

within which they can teach, and have limits to how many classes they can

take on. Courses tend to have differing sizes, room requirements, lengths,

credits, and even some restrictions on which other classes cannot be taught at

the same time. (Kevin Soule, 2007)

A faculty loading software should have inputs of the faculty information, their

field of specialization, as well as the number of students and classroom where

the course should take place. Every course that is offered has a set of

parameters required to be assigned in order for it to be placed inside a

schedule.

Related Studies

A. Foreign Studies

*Information Systems are a tool to support information management.

Information systems are increasingly being used in organizations with the

objective providing competitive advantage. The information system used by

organization can be grouped into different types such as schedule viewing

system, management information system, decision support system, executive

information system, expert systems and office information system. Information

system is used specially on companies and schools to provide information

about the school faculty and company employees. The information society may

be virtual society. A Schedule system helps and provides efficient and reliable

services to the students, enrollment personnel and administration. Moreover,

this system improved the process of searching of rooms and subject schedules.

According to Graysail (2010), For the past several years, the official of the

faculty senate have struggled with defining teaching loads at Gustavus for the

purposes of determining overload situation and staffing allocations. Several ad

hoc committees have looked into the matter, without resolution. At least since

the 1992-1993 school years, the Registrar has tabulated “Faculty Load” data

by department, including number of sections (or contact hours) taught full time

load (as determined by the department), enrollment, and enrollment per

faculty. (C.F. Niederriter, 2007) Faculty overloading has been a known and

documented problem since as long as the 1993 – 1992 school years, this fact

adds to the teacher’s work burden as well as their availability for fruitful

interaction with the students. Our proposed software will alleviate this burden

and allows the teacher more time teaching and interacting with the student.

This will allow the teacher to feel more job satisfaction as well giving the

student the feeling of a more personalized education within the system. Open

standards Appointment Scheduling System is primarily designed for

Institutions of Higher Education (IHE), but can easily being corporates into web

solutions for a variety of business lines. The core functionality of the system

allows designating faculty and staff to set schedule of availability and designate

individuals enter the system and schedule appointments as needed with the

faculty and staff.Software with automatic scheduling for teachers workload

that can be easily access by faculty members will be handy to everyone.

According to John Hop kin’s University (2011-2012) Homewood (John

Hop kin’s University S.Y. 2011-2012) prioritize the schedule system resource to

be used as fully efficient as possible. The schedule system provides equitable

access to a variety of rooms, time management and faculty information, as well

as to provide the students to search more information on their own.

 XBased on Southern California Community College (2012) , The

Southern California Community College Long Beach City College has gone live

with a Cognos-Based faculty and student scheduling management system that

was designed by Irvine, CA-base professional services firm e2e Analytics. Prior

to installing the new system. LBCC, which has two main campuses and

multiple satellites that support nine schools and 34 departments. The school’s

scheduling management system budgeting and planning up to three months to

compile, consolidate, and implement. Updating and checking of faculty and

students Information was inspired by the advancement of modern technology.

The researchers gathered data necessary in the scheduling system for the

success of the study providing benefit of the employees and students so they

can have access and have access and have the ability to manage information

directly and conveniently.

*Based on the study of Los Angeles College (2013), Before the new

semester of 2012 School Year, The Southern California Community College

and Long Beach City College has gone live with a Cognos-Based faculty and

students schedule management system that was designed by Irvine, The

schools schedule management system planning and implement and updating

and checking of faculty and students Information was inspired by the

advancement of modern technology. The schedule system management is also

used to view and give the access to the students search their rooms, subjects

and faculty members in the school.

 B. Local Studies

*According to Bacala and Reano (2010) An Online schedule System

was proposed to replace the manual searching in Cavite Maritime Institute in

order to advance an organized flow of transaction and an ease of work

concerned on how the manual searching performs throughout the institution’s

operations. The Administrator has the right to update, add and delete records

at the same time, tracing the constraints and evaluation of then manual

system essential. Online-based schedule system also provides the users to view

their schedule as long as the user or the student is enrolled in the institution

and also connected through the internet.

Based on Harvent School (2011), Harvent School in Dagupan City,

composed of elementary and High school level. The school puts premium top

system. The Scheduling process is the initial stage in gathering bon fide

accurate student information necessary to establish student permanent

records. The system provides the access to the students to see their school

records such as students’ personal information and grades. The system will

work only in their facility; the school principal serves as the admin and the

school also provides their top security system to avoid information leakage.
 According to Aquino (2011), Importance of computer application is

increasing day by day. In the latest decades of the millennium winning

organization are those which are willing to integrate business strategy and

computer information technology in plying their respective trades. The use of

computer information technology results for them to be able to develop

products fast and make decisions fast, ability to have fluid organization

structures, able to cope with the demanding work force and external

environment by the rapid development of innovative approaches and lastly

using information system confirms the company’s mission vision. The school

use the information systems in the way of implementing a scheduling system.

This results for them to search more accurately and easy.

XBased on Bohol island State University(2012-2013), Study tested the

functionality of Automated class scheduling system in terms of speed, data

handling , security , Scheduling , stability and adaptability in making class

schedules. This study was conducted in Bohol Island state University Main

Campus, Tagbilaran City during the second semester of school year 2012–

2013. The respondents of this study were the 6 expert instructors in the field of

computer programming. They tested and evaluated the functionality of the

program in terms of its design, and accuracy, data handling security, stability

and adaptability of the software. Separate set of questioners were given to two

groups of respondents. The study concluded that the manual and the

automated system is more functional because of its extra features which solve

primary problems in creating class schedules.

 Based on the researcher (2011), a web based-schedule viewing system

for VERITAS Parochial School (VPS) in Manila was developed to help its

students search in a more efficient way without hassles. It is with the web-

based viewing schedule system for VPS that this style of searching may be

achieved. This new type of system offers its students new option for searching

at VPS. By logging on to VPS website. One can register and search the

information of the faculty for a school year. With these the student has the

right to view his/her room, subject and instructor, because the user created an

account via registration. Only the school-admin can create their student

account, the registration of accounts is only created inside the school.

Synthesis

*The Information System in the year 2010 is similar to the developed

system wherein it provides efficient and reliable services to the students and

administration. This system improved the process of searching, retrieving and

viewing of subject schedules.

The Scheduling System of Graysail in the year 2010 is similar to the

developed system where it allows designating faculty and staff to set schedule

of availability and designate individuals enter the system and schedule

appointments as needed with the faculty and staff. Software with automatic
scheduling for teachers workload that can be easily access by faculty members

will be handy to everyone.

The Schedule System of John Hop kin’s University (2011-2012) is a

developed system because it is intended to provide equitable access to a variety

of rooms, time management and features to address instructional needs of

credit courses as well as to provide the students to search more information on

their own. An easy access helps students to search faster than manual

searching.

The Cognos-Based faculty and student scheduling management system

(2012) is also similar to the developed system wherein updating and checking

of faculty and students information was the primary role of their developed

system. It also benefit the instructors and students to have the ability to have

access in managed information directly and conveniently. The only difference of

this system to the developed system of the proponents is that the Admin is the

only one can that is capable of updating information for the instructors.

Students and instructors are for viewing and searching.

*The developed system was also similar to the Schedule System of Los

Angeles College (2013) and Long Beach City College where its stores

information about the schedule and it can locate teachers by means of

searching to the said system. Inputs like the first name and the last name of

students and the student number is required to search for their record.

Schedules of instructors and room schedules and it do not produce reports to

show grade timetable for students. It uses instructors USN, his/her first name

and last name and for room schedule it requires the room number as an input

coming from users/viewer.

The Online Scheduling System (2010) is similar to the developed

system where it involves proper handling of records. It also covers updating

and adding records. The difference of the developed system is that it does not

covers student records and generating assessment slips in manual searching.

The Scheduling System on Harvent School in the year 2011 is similar

to the developed system because the scheduling process is the initial stage in

gathering bon fide accurate student information necessary to establish student

permanent records. The difference is that the developed system uses teacher’s

serves as the admin, and the students can view their own information and also

the school also provides their security system to avoid information leakage

about their school.

The Scheduling System of Aquino in the year 2011 is also similar to

the developed system wherein the schools use the information systems in the

way of implementing a scheduling system. This results for them to search more

accurately and easy.

The Automated Class Scheduling System of Bohol island state

University in the year 2012-2013 is similar to the developed system wherein

the study tested the functionality of the said system in terms of speed, data

handling, security, scheduling, stability and adaptability in making class

schedules. It is more functional because of its extra features which solve

primary problems in creating class schedules. The difference of this system is

that the proponents are the one who tested first its accuracy and how it is

capable enough to restore info not only for a class schedules but also with

room schedules.

*Lastly, the developed system is similar to a Web-based-Schedule

viewing system for Veritas Parochial School in Manila (2011) wherein it

was developed to help its students search in a more efficient way without

hassles. By logging in to their website, one can register and search the

information about their subjects, instructors, and rooms that do not take more

than a few minutes to accomplish. The system stores it records in the school

database for future reference.

http://www.slideshare.net/EzhrihmCradan/chapter-2-28073663