Oct-15

A Guide to Designing Reinforced Concrete

Water Tanks

Dr. Alaa Helba

Lecture 4

Roof slab

Wall

Floor slab
Tower supp. Sys.

Dr. A. Helba CIV 416E 1

 Oct-15

Lecture 4
 Load distribution on tank walls
 Cylindrical wall
 Rectangular wall
 Analysis of Cylindrical Walls.
 Using of Portland Cement Association tables.
 A tour within (PCA) tables.

Load Distribution on Wall with Fixed Base

At a level at
distance (y) from
top of wall: py= gw y y
py is distributed to H
2 components:
py = gw y pyh pyv py
= pyh + pyv

pmax = gw H

Dr. A. Helba CIV 416E 2

 Oct-15

Load Distribution on Wall with Fixed Base

Case of a Rectangular Wall as T.W.S

H
ph max=
L2 ph max
0.75 ph
H/4
Plan L1

ph pv

Load Distribution on Wall with Fixed Base

Case of a Square Wall as T.W.S
L

ph max=
L
0.75 ph H

pyh max Hal Moment and T

ph max
pyv max B. Moment (Vertical)
H/4
Mm (at middle)= phmaxL2 / 24
Mc (at corner) = phmaxL2 / 12
T (on each wall) = phmaxL / 2
pv max=gwH

Dr. A. Helba CIV 416E 3

 Oct-15

Analysis of Walls in R.C. Tanks

Case of Wall of any regular section (L)
Mm (at middle)= phL2 / 24
Mc (at corner) = phL2 / 12
T (on each wall) = phD / 2
pL2 / 12

pL2 / 24
D L
L L

Case of Cylindrical Wall

t
t

D
H

SEC. ELEV. – Load on Wall SEC. PLAN

Dr. A. Helba CIV 416E 4

 Oct-15

Load Distribution & Deformation

of cylindrical Wall fixed at base

D x pyh
y
H
x py

py= pyh + pyv pyh Ring Tension T (Horizontal)

pyv B. Moment (Vertical)

Cylindrical Walls
Load Distribution & Resulting Forces and Moment
At any level (y from top):
py = pyh + pyv
pyh Ring Tension T
(Horizontal)

pyv B. Moment
(Vertical)
B.M.D. T – Diag.

Dr. A. Helba CIV 416E 5

 Oct-15

Deformation of cylindrical Wall fixed at base

py= pyh + pyv

D pyh
y x
H
x py

x is the resulting radial deformation at level y

due lateral pressure py
er is the resulting radial strain due to pyh . er= x/R

Resulting External Forces and Moments of cylindrical Wall

py= pyh + pyv
t
B.M.D
due to pyv pyh
y x
H R
x py My

MF
T is the resulting horizontal tension at level y
due to radial pressure pyh where T = pyh R
My is the resulting vertical moment due to pyv

Dr. A. Helba CIV 416E 6

 Oct-15

Load - Deformation Relationships

of cylindrical Wall

Tint = Text
Then Ec x t / R = pyh R
Hal Load component pyh = Ec x t / R2
= 4 Ec x t / D2

Val Load - Deformation Relationships of cylal Wall

Integration
Vertically
Transferred x q El.
My Qy pyv
component Ld.
Differentiation

Slope q = dx / dy
Elastic load M = EcI dq / dy = EcI d2x / dy2
Shear Q = EcI d3x / dy3
Val Load component pyv = EcI d4x / dy4
= Ect3 x’’’’ / 12

Dr. A. Helba CIV 416E 7

 Oct-15

Derivation of wall governing equation:

t
B.M.D
due to pyv pyh
y x
H R
x py My

MF
py = pyh + pyv
py = 4 Ec x t / D2 + Ec t3 x’’’’ / 12
Or:
(Ect3 / 12) x’’’’ + (4 Ect / D2) x = py

Solution of the 4th degree Diff. Eqn

t D
y putting y/H = a
H
x py Diff. Equation of the wall

(E t3 / 12) x’’’’ + (4 E t / D2) x = py

The General Solution of the 4th degree Diff. Eqn is:
x = e-by (C1 sinby + C2 cosby) + P.I 12
b
putting y = a H
4
2 2
Dt
x = e-abH (C1 sinabH + C2 cosabH) + P.I

Dr. A. Helba CIV 416E 8

 Oct-15

12H 4 4
Substitute: k  bH  4
2 2
 12 K 2
D t
H2
where k is a dimensionless factor K 
Dt
The General Solution of the 4th degree Diff. Eqn is:
x = e-ak (C1 sinak + C2 cosak) + P.I
Using the Solution of the 4th deg. Diff. Eqn &
using the Boundary Condition for each
case, one can get T and M in wall at any a
ay/H=0 1.0

Tables for Design of Cylindrical Tanks

For any circular tank a dimensionless
factor ktank is used to identify the tank

where:
k tank = H2 / D t
- H is the internal height of tank
- D is the internal diameter of tank
- t is the wall thickness

Dr. A. Helba CIV 416E 9

 Oct-15

Tables for Design of Cylindrical Tanks

k tank = H2 / D t
- use Portland Cement
Association (PCA) tables
(A set of 20 tables) to analyze
the elements of circular tanks
(walls , roofs and floors).

List of PCA 20 Tables

(6/5/4/1/1/2/1)
• 6 for Tension in circular Walls. Tables I VI
• 5 for Moments in circular Walls. Tables VII XI
• 4 for Moments in circular Slabs. Tables XII XV
(1 without/3 with central support)
• 1 for Shear at base of Wall. Table XVI
• 1 for Load on central support. Table XVII
• 2 for stiffness (1 for Wall / 1 for Slab) XVIII - XIX
• 1 for Supplementary Coefficients for values of
H2/Dt > 16 for Walls (13 tables 6/5/1/1).Table XX

Dr. A. Helba CIV 416E 10

 Oct-15

Tension Moments

Slab
Moments

Dr. A. Helba CIV 416E 11

 Oct-15

Range of H/D vs values of the

dimensionless factor H2 / Dt
H2/Dt = (H/D)(H/t)
Assume t = H/15 to H/20 say H = 16 t
Ktank = H2/Dt  16 (H/D) H/D  Ktank/16
The 20 Tables consider 4 ranges of H2/Dt as:
0.4 2 step 0.4 (5 values) Shallow
3 8 step 1 (no 7) (5 values)
10 16 step 2 (4 values)
20 56 step 4/8 table XX (6 val.) Deep

Range of H/D vs values of the

dimensionless factor H2 / Dt
Ktank D/H
0.4 2 40 8
3 8 5.33 2
10 16 1.6 1
20 56 0.8 2/7

Dr. A. Helba CIV 416E 12

 Oct-15

Example on using PCA Tables

• For a circular tank with internal diameter of
8m , internal height of 4 m , and wall
thickness of 0.40 m , then ,
• For Wall :
D=8m
H=4m
t = 0.40 m
K tank = H2 / Dt = (4)2 / (8 x 0.40) = 5
K tank = 5

Table I

Dr. A. Helba CIV 416E 13

 Oct-15

Table I
coeffs. for Tension in Circular Rings /
Triangular Load / Fixed base , free top.

Free Top 0.0 H

+ ve tension 0.1 H
0.2 H
0.3 H
- ve compression 0.4 H
0.5 H
gw = 10 kN/m3 0.6
0.7
H
H
0.8 H
R = D/2 0.9
1.0
H
H
Fixed Base

Table I

Dr. A. Helba CIV 416E 14

 Oct-15

Distribution of Tension along H

Example: Ktank = H2/Dt = 10 +ve sign means tension

I II

Distribution of Tension along H

Example: Ktank = H2/Dt = 10 +ve sign means tension

III IV

Dr. A. Helba CIV 416E 15

 Oct-15

Distribution of Tension along H

Example: Ktank = H2/Dt = 10 +ve sign means tension

V VI

Table VII
coeffs. for Moment in Cylindrical Wall /
Triangular Load / Fixed base , free top.

Free Top
0.0 H
0.1 H
0.2 H
0.3 H
+ ve tension outside 0.4 H
0.5 H
- ve tension inside 0.6 H
0.7 H
0.8 H
0.9 H
1.0 H
Fixed Base

Dr. A. Helba CIV 416E 16

 Oct-15

Distribution of Moment along H

Ex. Ktank = H2/Dt = 10 +ve sign means tension outside

VII VIII

Dr. A. Helba CIV 416E 17

 Oct-15

Distribution of Moment along H

Ex. Ktank = H2/Dt = 10 +ve sign means tension outside
Comparison between tables VII and VIII

VII VIII

Distribution of Moment along H

Ex. Ktank = H2/Dt = 10 +ve sign means tension outside

IX

Dr. A. Helba CIV 416E 18

 Oct-15

Distribution of Moment along H

Ex. Ktank = H2/Dt = 10 +ve sign means tension outside

X XI

Summary

PCA
Tables of
Tension
II +
and
IV
Moments
in
circular
Tanks

Dr. A. Helba CIV 416E 19