Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Foreword������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 3 To say that the steel industry is experiencing interesting times would be
Steel impact��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4 an understatement. However, progress is being made at various levels.
Steel initiatives������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 6 At the recent meeting of the Global Forum for Steel Excess Capacity
(GFSEC), a G20 initiative, six important principles were agreed by
CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION ministers of G20 countries. All are focused around ensuring that a level
World crude steel production, 1950 to 2017���������������������������������������� 7 playing field should exist for steelmakers in all countries and that markets
Top steelmakers, 2017������������������������������������������������������������������������ 8 should remain free and fair for steel to be traded between countries.
Major steel-producing countries, 2016 and 2017��������������������������������� 9 I am hopeful that the heightened level of trade tensions will abate and
Crude steel production by process, 2017������������������������������������������ 10 that our positive outlook for steel demand will remain. The Short Range
Continuously-cast steel output, 2015 to 2017����������������������������������� 11 Outlook for the next 18 months suggests 2018 growth of 1.8% followed
Monthly crude steel production, 2014 to 2017����������������������������������� 12 by 0.7% in 2019. Steel demand is benefitting from the broad and
favourable global economic momentum affecting both the developed
STEEL USE and developing world at the same time. The worldsteel programmes
Steel production and use: geographical distribution, 2007����������������� 14 in the automotive, construction, packaging and rail sectors all aim to
Steel production and use: geographical distribution, 2017����������������� 15 maintain the role of steel as a versatile product without which modern
Apparent steel use, 2011 to 2017������������������������������������������������������ 16 society cannot remain sustainable.
Apparent steel use per capita, 2011 to 2017�������������������������������������� 17 worldsteel Board members agreed to focus renewed attention on
reaching the performance levels we see in our top 15%. Our technology
RAW MATERIALS committee has produced extensive data and benchmarking information,
Pig iron, 2016 and 2017�������������������������������������������������������������������� 18 with the challenge to reduce carbon emissions and increase energy
Direct reduced iron production, 2010 to 2017������������������������������������ 19 efficiency in the steelmaking process. This service is available to all
Iron ore, 2016����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 20 worldsteel members to be used for their own benefit.
World iron ore trade by area, 2017���������������������������������������������������� 21
Six worldsteel members (ArcelorMittal, Tata Steel Europe, Tata Steel
Trade in ferrous scrap, 2016 and 2017���������������������������������������������� 22
Limited, Tenaris, thyssenkrupp AG and voestalpine AG) have been
World trade in ferrous scrap by area, 2017���������������������������������������� 23 recognised for their outstanding efforts in sustainability activities.
Congratulations to these sustainability champions!
STEEL TRADE
World steel trade in products, 1975 to 2017��������������������������������������� 24 This booklet provides a comprehensive overview of steel industry
World volume of trade, 2000 to 2017������������������������������������������������ 24 activities, stretching from production to steel use to some indications on
World steel exports, analysis by product, 2012 to 2017���������������������� 25 trade flows. We are always looking to improve. If you have any comments
World steel trade by area, 2017��������������������������������������������������������� 26 or suggestions please do not hesitate to contact me.
INDIRECT TRADE
Indirect trade in steel, 2000 to 2016�������������������������������������������������� 28
Major indirect importers and exporters of steel, 2016������������������������� 28
True steel use, 2010 to 2016������������������������������������������������������������� 29
Apparent and true steel use per capita, 2016������������������������������������ 29
INNOVATION
COMMUNITY EMPLOYMENT
INVESTMENT SAFETY
ECONOMY EDUCATION
Responsible management
INFRASTRUCTURE
of natural resources
Contributing to society
Essential in all sectors A systematic approach Very little waste is produced. In
of the economy In 2016, the steel industry distributed brings effective results 2016, 97.6% of the raw materials
an estimated 1 029 billion USD, used for steelmaking were
98.8% of its revenue, to society converted to steel products and
New modern steel products are directly and indirectly. In 2016, about 97.1% of steel by-products.
lighter and stronger than before, industry employees and contractors
helping other industries to reduce worked in EMS*-registered
their environmental footprint. production facilities.
CO2
Safety first, nothing is
more important Optimal resource
efficiency, nothing to waste
Taking action to fulfil
responsibility We are working towards zero
Biggest challenge of
incidents. In 2016, the industry's the industry Nearly 100% of our industry
Lost Time Injury Frequency Rate by-products can be used.
Abiding by environmental was 1.0, an improvement of 78% Steelmaking by-products are used
regulations is a prerequisite for In 2016, on average 1.9 tonnes of in e.g. concrete, fertilisers, plastics,
since 2006. CO2 were emitted for every tonne of
acceptance by society. We aim paints and cosmetics.
to continually reduce our steel produced. Breakthrough
environmental impact. technologies are being developed
worldwide to address this challenge.
Human capital is
a key asset
?
Informed decisions on
material choice
Innovation is crucial Worldwide 6 million people work for
Significant improvement in
the steel industry. In 2016, steel
companies provided each employee energy consumption We provide life cycle inventory
New and innovative steels are
with 7.0 training days on average. data for 16 key steel products.
continually developed. In 2016,
This helps customers to select the
the steel industry invested 13% In the last 50 years the steel industry
most sustainable materials for
of revenue in capital investment has reduced its energy intensity per
their products.
projects and process improvement. tonne of steel produced by 60%. The
average in 2016 was 20.3 GJ/tonne.
The figures above are derived from the worldsteel 2016 Sustainability Indicator data, based on 125 steel
companies and 6 associations reporting. Data for 2017 will be available on worldsteel.org in October 2018.
* EMS: Environmental Management Systems
4 5
STEEL INITIATIVES WORLD CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION
1950 TO 2017
million tonnes
STEEL SAFETY DAY Years World Years World Years World
A safe and healthy working environment is the number one priority for 1950 189 1997 800 2008 1 343
every worldsteel member. Steel Safety Day was set up to reinforce 1955 270 1998 779 2009 1 239
awareness of the five most common causes of safety incidents. 1960 347 1999 790 2010 1 433
1965 456 2000 850 2011 1 538
1970 595 2001 852 2012 1 560
STEEL SUSTAINABILITY CHAMPIONS 1975 644 2002 905 2013 1 650
This programme aims to encourage steel companies to increase 1980 717 2003 971 2014 1 669
their efforts, set higher standards and make further progress in their 1985 719 2004 1 063 2015 1 620
sustainability programmes and business practices. 1990 770 2005 1 148 2016 1 627
1995 753 2006 1 250 2017 1 689
1996 751 2007 1 348
CLIMATE ACTION
This programme recognises steel producers that submit CO2 emissions
data for worldsteel’s data collection, according to the worldsteel
methodology – now a standard, ISO 14404.
1 800
GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION FORUM
Average growth rates
The industry is working together on a number of initiatives to develop % per annum
breakthrough steelmaking technologies that can reduce CO2 emissions 1 600 Years World
by at least 50%, potentially revolutionising the way steel is made.
1950-55 7.4
1955-60 5.1
LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT 1 400 1960-65 5.6
1965-70 5.5
In 2017, worldsteel released its fourth global and regional steel life cycle 1970-75 1.6
inventory (LCI) data, which has been developed following international 1975-80 2.2
1 200 1980-85 0.1
standards on LCA.
1985-90 1.4
1990-95 -0.5
ONLINE BENCHMARKING SYSTEMS 1995-00 2.5
1 000 2000-05 6.2
worldsteel offers free online benchmarking systems for its members on 2005-10 4.5
reliability, process yield, and energy intensity for each process of the 2010-15 2.5
2015-17 2.1
basic oxygen furnace and electric arc furnace production routes. 800
STEELIE AWARDS
The Steelie Awards recognise member companies or individuals for their 600
contribution to the steel industry over a one-year period in a series of
categories. The Steelies are awarded at worldsteel’s General Assembly
in October. 400
STEELCHALLENGE
steeluniversity hosts an annual competition, steelChallenge, for students 200
and young industry employees to test their knowledge and skills using
sophisticated simulations. 0
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
6 7
TOP STEELMAKERS MAJOR STEEL-PRODUCING COUNTRIES
2017 2016 AND 2017
million tonnes, crude steel production million tonnes, crude steel production
Rank Company Tonnage Rank Company Tonnage 2017 2016
Country
Rank Tonnage Rank Tonnage
1 ArcelorMittal 97.03 26 U. S. Steel Corporation 14.43
China 1 831.7 1 807.6
2 China Baowu Group 65.39 27 Baotou Steel 14.20 Japan 2 104.7 2 104.8
India 3 101.4 3 95.5
3 (1) 47.36 28 EVRAZ 14.03
NSSMC Group
United States 4 81.6 4 78.5
4 HBIS Group (2) 45.56 29 thyssenkrupp 13.22 Russia 5 71.3 5 70.5
South Korea 6 71.0 6 68.6
5 POSCO 42.19 30 MMK 12.86 Germany 7 43.4 7 42.1
6 Shagang Group 38.35 31 Liuzhou Steel 12.30 Turkey 8 37.5 8 33.2
Brazil 9 34.4 9 31.3
7 Ansteel Group (3) 35.76 32 Techint Group (5) 11.75 Italy 10 24.1 11 23.4
Taiwan, China 11 22.4 12 21.8
8 JFE Steel 30.15 33 Jinxi Steel 11.72
Ukraine 12 21.3 10 24.2
9 Shougang Group 27.63 34 Severstal 11.65 Iran 13 21.2 14 17.9
Mexico 14 19.9 13 18.8
10 Tata Steel Group 25.11 35 Sanming Steel 11.19
France 15 15.5 15 14.4
11 Nucor Corporation 24.39 36 Taiyuan Steel 10.50 Spain 16 14.5 16 13.6
Canada 17 13.6 17 12.6
12 Shandong Steel Group 21.68 37 Jingye Steel 10.41
Vietnam 18 11.5 19 7.8
13 Hyundai Steel 21.23 38 Zenith Steel 10.36 Poland 19 10.3 18 9.0
Austria 20 8.1 22 7.4
14 Jianlong Group 20.26 39 Shaanxi Steel 10.24
Belgium 21 7.8 20 7.7
15 Valin Group 20.15 40 Anyang Steel 10.06 United Kingdom 22 7.5 21 7.6
Egypt 23 6.9 28 5.0
16 Maanshan Steel 19.71 41 Nanjing Steel 9.85 Netherlands 24 6.8 23 6.9
17 NLMK 17.08 42 Metinvest Holding 9.59 South Africa 25 6.3 24 6.1
Australia 26 5.3 27 5.3
18 Gerdau 16.50 43 Erdemir Group 9.20 Slovak Republic 27 5.0 29 4.8
Pakistan 28 5.0 36 3.6
19 JSW Steel 16.06 44 Xinyu Steel 8.90
Saudi Arabia 29 4.8 25 5.5
20 Benxi Steel 15.77 45 CITIC Pacific 8.77 Indonesia (e) 30 4.8 30 4.7
Sweden 31 4.7 31 4.6
21 IMIDRO (4) 15.60 46 Zongheng Steel 8.72
Argentina 32 4.6 33 4.1
22 China Steel Corporation 15.33 47 Steel Dynamics, Inc. 8.27 Czech Republic 33 4.6 26 5.3
Thailand 34 4.5 35 3.8
23 Fangda Steel 15.11 48 voestalpine Group 8.15 Kazakhstan 35 4.5 32 4.3
24 Rizhao Steel 14.98 49 SSAB 8.00 Finland 36 4.0 34 4.1
Romania 37 3.4 37 3.3
25 SAIL 14.80 50 Kobe Steel 7.74 United Arab Emirates 38 3.3 38 3.1
Malaysia (e) 39 2.8 39 2.8
(1)
Includes tonnage of Nippon Steel & Sumikin Stainless Steel Corporation (100% owned) and Qatar 40 2.6 40 2.5
Nisshin Steel (51% owned); as well as USIMINAS (31.2% voting shares) Byelorussia 41 2.4 41 2.2
(2) Includes tonnage of Serbia Iron & Steel d.o.o. Beograd (100% owned) and MAKSTIL A.D. in
Macedonia (42% owned) Luxembourg 42 2.2 42 2.2
(3) Includes tonnage of Angang Lianzhong (Guangzhou) Steel Company Portugal 43 2.1 43 2.0
(4) Combined tonnage of Mobarrakeh Steel, Esfahan Steel, Khuzestan Steel and NISCO
Oman (e) 44 2.0 44 2.0
(5) Includes part of USIMINAS tonnage (39.6% voting shares)
Hungary 45 1.9 46 1.3
Serbia 46 1.5 49 1.2
Notes on company ownership and tonnage calculations: For worldsteel members, the data
was sourced from their official tonnage declarations. For Chinese companies, the official CISA Switzerland (e) 47 1.5 45 1.5
tonnage publication was used, unless especially noted. In case of more than 50% ownership, Greece 48 1.4 51 1.2
100% of the subsidiary’s tonnage is included. In cases of 30%-50% ownership, pro-rata Colombia 49 1.3 47 1.3
tonnage is included. Unless otherwise specified in the declaration, less than 30% ownership is North Korea (e) 50 1.3 48 1.3
considered a minority and therefore, not included.
Others 13.4 12.9
For an extended company listing go to worldsteel.org/steel-by-topic/statistics. World 1 689.4 1 627.0
e = estimate
8 9
CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION CONTINUOUSLY-CAST STEEL OUTPUT
BY PROCESS, 2017 2015 TO 2017
Million Oxygen Electric Open hearth Other Total Million tonnes % Crude steel output
tonnes % % % % %
2015 2016 2017 2015 2016 2017
Austria 8.1 91.1 8.9 - - 100.0
Belgium (e) 7.8 68.8 31.2 - - 100.0 Austria 7.4 7.2 7.8 96.6 96.6 96.3
Bulgaria 0.7 - 100.0 - - 100.0 Belgium (e) 7.3 7.7 7.7 100.0 100.0 98.2
Croatia 0.0 - 100.0 - - 100.0 Bulgaria 0.5 0.5 0.7 100.0 100.0 100.0
Czech Republic 4.6 94.6 5.4 - - 100.0 Croatia 0.1 - - 100.0 - -
Finland (e) 4.0 67.5 32.5 - - 100.0 Czech Republic 4.8 4.9 4.2 91.2 92.6 92.8
France 15.5 68.8 31.2 - - 100.0 Finland 4.0 4.1 4.0 99.6 99.6 99.6
Germany (e) 43.4 71.2 28.8 - - 100.0 France 14.4 14.0 15.0 96.3 96.9 97.0
Greece 1.4 - 100.0 - - 100.0 Germany (e) 41.4 40.1 41.2 97.0 95.3 95.0
Hungary 1.9 84.3 15.7 - - 100.0 Greece 0.9 1.2 1.4 100.0 100.0 100.0
Italy 24.1 19.7 80.3 - - 100.0 Hungary 1.7 1.3 1.9 100.0 100.0 100.0
Luxembourg 2.2 - 100.0 - - 100.0 Italy 20.8 22.1 22.7 94.3 94.8 94.4
Netherlands 6.8 100.0 - - - 100.0 Luxembourg 2.1 2.2 2.2 100.0 100.0 100.0
Poland (e) 10.3 55.2 44.8 - - 100.0 Netherlands 6.9 6.8 6.8 98.5 98.7 100.0
Portugal 2.1 - 99.0 - 1.0 100.0 Poland (e) 9.0 8.9 10.2 98.3 98.3 98.3
Romania (e) 3.4 69.3 30.7 - - 100.0 Portugal 2.0 2.0 2.1 99.3 99.4 99.0
Slovak Republic 5.0 92.9 7.1 - - 100.0 Romania (e) 3.3 3.2 3.3 97.9 97.7 97.6
Slovenia 0.6 - 100.0 - - 100.0 Slovak Republic 4.6 4.8 5.0 99.8 99.8 100.0
Spain (e) 14.5 33.5 66.5 - - 100.0 Slovenia 0.5 0.5 0.5 80.1 80.7 80.2
Sweden 4.7 65.3 34.7 - - 100.0 Spain (e) 14.6 13.4 14.2 98.2 98.3 98.2
United Kingdom 7.5 80.1 19.9 - - 100.0 Sweden 3.8 4.1 4.1 88.0 89.3 87.6
European Union (28) 168.4 60.0 40.0 - 0.0 100.0 United Kingdom 10.8 7.5 7.4 98.6 98.7 98.2
Turkey 37.5 30.8 69.2 - - 100.0 European Union (28) 160.9 156.4 162.3 96.8 96.5 96.4
Others 4.8 46.7 53.3 - - 100.0 Turkey 31.5 33.2 37.5 100.0 100.0 100.0
Other Europe 42.3 32.6 67.4 - - 100.0 Others 4.2 4.5 4.8 99.7 99.7 100.0
Russia (e) 71.3 66.9 30.8 2.4 - 100.0 Other Europe 35.8 37.6 42.3 100.0 100.0 100.0
Ukraine (e) 21.3 70.0 7.0 23.0 - 100.0 Russia (e) 58.0 58.0 58.4 81.8 82.3 81.9
Other CIS 8.1 53.9 46.1 - - 100.0 Ukraine (e) 11.2 11.8 11.1 48.9 48.8 51.8
CIS 100.8 66.5 27.0 6.5 - 100.0 Other CIS 7.7 7.4 8.1 99.9 99.2 99.9
Canada 13.6 53.4 46.6 - - 100.0 CIS 76.9 77.2 77.6 75.7 75.6 77.0
Mexico 19.9 23.7 76.3 - - 100.0 Canada 12.2 9.9 8.9 97.6 78.2 65.2
United States 81.6 31.6 68.4 - - 100.0 Mexico 18.2 18.8 19.9 99.9 99.9 99.9
NAFTA 115.1 32.8 67.2 - - 100.0 United States 78.1 78.0 81.3 99.0 99.4 99.6
Argentina 4.6 49.6 50.4 - - 100.0 NAFTA 108.5 106.7 110.1 99.0 97.1 95.6
Brazil 34.4 77.6 21.0 - 1.5 100.0 Argentina 5.0 4.1 4.6 99.7 99.7 99.7
Chile 1.2 68.6 31.4 - - 100.0 Brazil 32.9 30.9 33.6 99.0 98.7 97.9
Venezuela 0.4 - 100.0 - - 100.0 Venezuela 1.3 0.6 0.4 100.0 100.0 100.0
Others 3.7 6.6 93.4 - - 100.0 Other Latin America 5.7 5.0 4.9 100.0 100.0 100.0
Central and South America 44.3 67.7 31.2 - 1.1 100.0 Central and South America 44.9 40.5 43.6 99.2 99.0 98.3
Egypt (e) 6.9 8.4 91.6 - - 100.0 Egypt (e) 5.5 5.0 6.9 100.0 100.0 100.0
South Africa 6.3 59.2 40.8 - - 100.0 South Africa 6.4 6.1 6.3 99.4 100.0 100.0
Other Africa (e) 1.9 34.5 65.2 - 0.3 100.0 Other Africa (e) 1.8 1.9 1.9 99.7 99.7 99.7
Africa 15.1 32.9 67.1 - 0.0 100.0 Africa 13.7 13.1 15.0 99.7 100.0 100.0
Iran 21.2 10.5 89.5 - - 100.0 Iran 16.1 17.9 21.2 100.0 100.0 100.0
Saudi Arabia 4.8 - 100.0 - - 100.0 Saudi Arabia 5.2 5.5 4.8 100.0 100.0 100.0
Other Middle East (e) 8.4 - 100.0 - - 100.0 Other Middle East (e) 8.0 8.1 8.4 99.9 99.9 99.9
Middle East 34.5 6.5 93.5 - - 100.0 Middle East 29.4 31.5 34.5 100.0 100.0 100.0
China (e) 831.7 91.0 9.0 - 0.0 100.0 China (e) 792.8 797.5 820.7 98.6 98.7 98.7
India 101.4 43.2 56.8 - - 100.0 India (e) 75.0 82.0 87.0 84.2 85.9 85.8
Japan 104.7 75.8 24.2 - - 100.0 Japan 103.6 103.2 103.1 98.5 98.5 98.5
South Korea 71.0 67.1 32.9 - - 100.0 South Korea 68.7 67.7 70.1 98.6 98.7 98.7
Taiwan, China 22.4 61.0 39.0 - - 100.0 Taiwan, China 21.3 21.7 22.3 99.6 99.6 99.6
Other Asia (e) 30.4 13.2 83.0 - 3.8 100.0 Other Asia (e) 22.6 24.5 30.4 100.0 100.0 100.0
Asia 1 161.7 83.2 16.7 - 0.1 100.0 Asia 1 083.9 1 096.5 1 133.6 97.5 97.7 97.6
Australia 5.3 77.0 23.0 - - 100.0 Australia 4.9 5.2 5.3 99.5 99.5 99.5
New Zealand 0.7 100.0 - - - 100.0 New Zealand 0.8 0.6 0.7 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total of above countries 1 688.2 71.5 28.0 0.4 0.1 100.0 Total of above countries 1 559.6 1 565.4 1 625.0 96.3 96.3 96.3
The countries in this table accounted for approximately 99.9% of world crude steel production in 2017 The countries in this table accounted for approximately 99.9% of world crude steel production in 2017
e = estimate e = estimate
10 11
MONTHLY CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION
2014 TO 2017
million tonnes million tonnes
Total 65 reporting countries* NAFTA
145 11
actual data deseasonalised data
10
135
125 9
5.0
15
4.0
13
3.0
11 2014 2015 2016 2017
2014 2015 2016 2017
Japan
CIS (6) 10.0
10.0
9.5
9.5
9.0 9.0
8.5 8.5
NAFTA
9.7%
China
36.3%
China
49.2%
Apparent steel use (finished steel products) Apparent steel use (finished steel products)
World total: 1 224 million tonnes World total: 1 587 million tonnes
Other Europe
2.7%
Others Others EU (28)
9.5% EU (28) 8.5% 10.2% CIS
16.6% Other Europe 3.3%
2.5%
Japan Japan
6.6% NAFTA 4.1%
11.5%
China China
34.2% 46.4%
16 17
PIG IRON DIRECT REDUCED IRON PRODUCTION
2016 AND 2017 2010 TO 2017
18 19
IRON ORE WORLD IRON ORE TRADE
2016 BY AREA, 2017
Other America
Total imports
Other Europe
Italy - 0.0 9.2 9.1
Oceania
Netherlands - 18.7 30.6 11.9
NAFTA
Asia
Poland - 0.0 7.1 7.1
CIS
Destination
Romania - 0.0 2.7 2.7
European Union
Slovakia - 0.0 6.0 6.0 33.8 1.8 30.4 19.3 57.5 11.8 1.0 0.1 155.9 122.0
(28)
Spain - 0.0 6.0 6.0
Other Europe 1.9 0.2 6.1 0.7 4.6 0.6 0.0 - 14.2 14.0
Sweden 26.9 22.7 0.2 4.4
United Kingdom - 0.0 9.3 9.3 CIS 0.1 0.0 11.1 - - 0.2 0.0 - 11.3 0.2
Other EU 0.2 0.4 4.8 4.6
European Union (28) 29.6 42.0 147.3 135.0 NAFTA 1.1 0.0 0.1 8.9 5.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 15.7 6.8
Bosnia-Herzegovina 1.8 0.1 0.0 1.7 Other America 0.0 - 0.1 1.4 8.7 - - - 10.1 1.4
Norway 1.9 1.9 0.1 0.1
Africa and
Turkey 6.7 0.4 10.4 16.7 6.3 0.2 0.4 1.7 20.8 5.7 0.5 0.0 35.7 29.9
Middle East
Other Europe - - 1.8 1.8
Europe 40.0 44.3 159.6 155.3 China 0.1 0.2 17.2 7.2 237.0 78.6 53.3 734.6 1 128.2 1 074.8
CIS 189.0 59.3 9.2 138.9
Japan 0.0 - 1.8 8.4 26.7 3.2 8.5 70.4 119.0 110.5
Canada 48.7 40.6 7.1 15.2
Mexico 10.0 0.0 3.7 13.7 Other Asia 0.0 0.1 0.9 4.3 47.3 12.7 4.1 70.4 139.7 135.6
United States 42.0 8.8 3.1 36.3
Oceania 0.0 - 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 - 0.5 0.5
NAFTA 100.7 49.4 13.9 65.2
Brazil 431.4 374.0 0.0 57.4 Total exports 43.3 2.5 68.0 51.9 408.3 113.2 67.4 875.6 1 630.3 1 495.9
Chile 17.3 15.5 - 1.8
of which: extra-
Peru 10.0 9.7 - 0.3 9.5 2.3 56.9 43.0 399.6 107.4 1.6 875.6 1 495.9
regional exports*
Venezuela 12.0 5.4 - 6.6
Other America 1.0 0.5 6.0 6.5 Net exports
-112.5 -11.7 56.7 36.2 398.2 77.5 -1 319.4 875.1
(exports - imports)
Central and South America 471.7 405.0 6.0 72.7
Liberia 2.4 2.4 - 0.0 * Excluding intra-regional trade marked
Mauritania 13.5 13.4 - 0.1
South Africa 68.1 64.7 0.3 3.7
Other Africa 3.7 4.2 5.0 4.5
Africa 87.7 84.7 5.3 8.3
Middle East 40.1 24.2 22.0 37.9
China (1) 113.7 0.7 1 024.7 1 137.8
India 184.5 21.7 3.6 166.4
Japan - 0.0 130.0 130.0
South Korea 0.8 0.0 71.7 72.5
Other Asia 21.2 37.0 75.1 59.3
Asia 320.2 59.4 1 305.2 1 566.1
Australia 841.8 835.0 0.8 7.6
New Zealand and Other Oceania 2.1 2.1 0.0 0.1
World 2 093.3 1 563.4 1 522.0 2 052.0
(1) Production adjusted so that Fe content is similar to world average
20 21
TRADE IN FERROUS SCRAP WORLD TRADE IN FERROUS SCRAP
2016 AND 2017 BY AREA, 2017
Other America
Other Europe
Total imports
France 5.4 6.2 1.8 1.9
Other Asia
Oceania
Germany 8.2 8.2 4.1 4.5
NAFTA
Japan
China
Greece 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.9
CIS
Destination
Italy 0.4 0.4 4.4 5.2
European Union
Netherlands 5.0 5.6 1.9 2.2 27.9 1.6 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31.0 3.1
(28)
Poland 1.3 1.4 0.8 0.8
Slovak Republic 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.3 Other Europe 13.6 0.3 2.6 4.2 - 0.8 0.0 - 0.0 0.0 21.7 21.3
Spain 0.3 0.4 4.0 4.1
Sweden 1.4 1.4 0.3 0.3 CIS 0.1 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 - - 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.1
United Kingdom 8.1 9.4 0.3 0.3
Other EU 5.9 7.0 4.7 5.1 NAFTA 0.9 0.0 0.0 6.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 7.5 1.0
European Union (28) 43.7 48.4 28.9 31.9
Turkey 0.2 0.2 17.7 21.0 Other America 0.0 - 0.0 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.0 - 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.6
Others 1.6 1.9 0.8 1.1
Other Europe 1.7 2.1 18.6 22.1 Africa 2.0 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 - 0.0 0.0 2.6 2.6
Kazakhstan 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russia 5.4 5.2 0.4 0.7 Middle East 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.0 1.0
Ukraine 0.3 0.5 0.0 0.0
Other CIS 0.0 0.0 1.4 1.7 China 0.4 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.2 - 1.8 0.4 0.0 4.0 4.0
CIS 5.9 5.7 1.9 2.5
Canada 3.6 4.4 1.8 2.1 Japan 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 - 0.0 - 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.3
Mexico 0.4 0.6 1.9 1.8
United States 13.2 15.0 3.9 4.6 Other Asia 3.1 0.1 1.1 6.1 1.5 2.0 2.2 6.3 3.8 2.2 28.4 24.6
NAFTA 17.3 20.1 7.6 8.5
Brazil 0.6 0.6 0.0 0.0 Oceania 0.0 - - 0.0 - 0.0 - - 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other Central and South America 0.9 1.3 0.6 0.8
Central and South America 1.6 1.9 0.6 0.9 Total exports 48.4 2.1 5.7 20.1 1.9 3.2 2.2 8.2 4.5 2.6 99.0 58.7
South Africa 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.1
Other Africa 0.6 0.9 1.3 0.4 of which:
extra-regional 20.5 1.7 4.3 13.6 1.7 3.1 2.2 8.2 0.7 2.6 58.7
Africa 1.3 1.4 1.3 0.4
exports*
Middle East 1.5 1.9 0.7 1.0
China 0.0 2.2 2.2 2.3 Net exports
(exports- 17.4 -19.6 4.2 12.6 1.1 -0.4 -1.7 7.9 -23.9 2.5
Japan 8.7 8.2 0.2 0.2
imports)
South Korea 0.6 0.6 5.8 6.2
Taiwan, China 0.1 0.1 3.2 2.9
* Excluding intra-regional trade marked
Other Asia 2.7 3.8 16.5 19.4
Asia 12.0 14.9 27.9 31.1
Australia and New Zealand 2.2 2.6 0.1 0.1
World 87.2 99.0 87.6 98.4
22 23
WORLD STEEL TRADE WORLD STEEL EXPORTS,
IN PRODUCTS ANALYSIS BY PRODUCT
1975 TO 2017 2012 TO 2017
05
10
15
75
80
85
90
95
20
20
20
19
19
19
19
19
24 25
WORLD STEEL TRADE MAJOR IMPORTERS AND
BY AREA EXPORTERS OF STEEL
2017 2017
Total imports
Other Asia
7 Italy (2) 18.2 7 Turkey 15.8
Oceania
NAFTA
Middle East 1.7 3.7 4.3 0.1 0.3 5.3 6.5 1.0 4.2 0.1 27.1 21.8
26 27
INDIRECT TRADE IN STEEL TRUE STEEL USE
2000 TO 2016 2010 TO 2016
million tonnes, finished steel equivalent million tonnes, finished steel equivalent
Indirect exports, Mt
Mt
Indirect exports as a percentage
% Year Indirect exports, Mt 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
350 of exports of steel products, % 80
2000 171.2 France 16.0 17.9 15.8 15.9 15.8 16.3 17.4
300 75 2001 177.3 Germany 29.9 32.8 28.6 28.3 29.4 28.9 31.0
250 2002 186.9 Italy 22.6 22.3 15.4 15.4 15.7 18.8 18.9
70
Spain 11.9 10.3 7.4 9.0 9.3 10.7 10.3
200 2003 198.0
65
United Kingdom 13.7 14.0 13.3 14.1 16.2 16.5 17.1
2004 223.2
150 European Union (28) 141.4 147.1 124.1 126.6 135.6 143.1 149.2
60 2005 248.8 Turkey 22.3 25.9 27.1 29.8 28.4 32.5 32.1
100
2006 269.2 Other Europe 28.9 32.8 34.4 37.2 36.0 40.1 39.9
50 55
2007 291.5 Russia 42.8 50.5 52.4 52.3 50.6 43.8 43.4
0 50 2008 302.5 CIS 53.1 62.3 65.3 65.7 61.4 52.0 52.8
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
2009 230.9
Mexico 16.6 17.5 19.1 17.6 19.9 20.1 20.0
2010 284.7
United States 91.2 101.6 112.5 113.5 123.7 118.9 115.4
2011 323.2 NAFTA 127.8 139.9 154.2 153.6 165.8 158.1 155.7
Indirect trade in steel takes place through exports
and imports of steel containing goods and is expressed 2012 323.5 Brazil 28.1 28.1 28.5 30.4 27.9 22.6 18.9
in finished steel equivalent of products used. 2013 318.7 South America 48.7 52.2 53.7 55.4 51.6 47.0 40.1
Further explanation on definitions and methodology 2014 324.2 Africa and Middle East 73.6 81.1 82.3 87.2 90.8 89.5 83.9
of indirect trade in steel can be found in the report China 537.4 583.4 603.5 686.8 655.3 611.7 619.8
2015 321.7
‘Indirect Trade in Steel (March 2015)’ at Japan 43.0 43.8 44.0 48.1 52.1 48.3 46.9
2016 329.3
worldsteel.org/publications/reports. South Korea 33.8 35.6 35.1 35.6 39.3 39.7 41.6
Asia and Oceania 760.2 815.5 847.3 941.4 920.2 879.4 902.9
Total (1) 1 233.6 1 330.8 1 361.1 1 467.1 1 461.4 1 409.2 1 424.6
2016
methodological specifics of indirect trade in steel calculations. Further details can be found at
worldsteel.org/publications/reports.
28 29
ABOUT US
The World Steel Association (worldsteel) is one of the largest and most
dynamic industry associations in the world. worldsteel represents
over 160 steel producers (including 9 of the world’s 10 largest steel
companies), national and regional steel industry associations, and steel
research institutes. worldsteel members represent around 85% of world
steel production.
worldsteel’s mission is to act as the focal point for the steel industry.
worldsteel provides global leadership on all major strategic issues
affecting the industry, particularly focusing on economic, environmental
and social sustainability. worldsteel promotes steel and the steel industry
to customers, the industry, media and the general public. It assists its
members to develop the market for steel. worldsteel has major projects
in the automotive and construction sectors.
0.0 indicates that the quantity concerned is less than 0.05. Cover image: Louvre steel roof, Abu Dhabi, UAE
by Bin Wang, Alamy
- indicates zero or no data.
Design: double-id.com
30
World Steel Association
worldsteel.org