lú is;a WKqiqï l< r;= lúfhdaa -1

fidauùr pkaøisß lúhd

- iuka tï' ldßhlrjk

,xldfõ uq,a jfï jHdmdrh m%n, igkaldó cd;sl
jHdmdrhla úh' wêrdcHjdohg;a foaYSh Okm;s
mka;sfha l%shdldÍ;ajhg;a tfrys j uqyqKg
uqyqK igkla lf<a kï ta jfï jHdmdrh hs' 1935
isg 1964 olajd ld,h ,xldfõ uq,a jfï
jHdmdrfha jeo.;a u wjêh f,i y`ÿkd.; yels h'
,xld iuiudc mlaIh" fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh yd ta
iu`. úúO wjia:dj, iïnkaO ù l%shd l< uyck
tlai;a fmruqK yd Y%S
,xld ksoyia mlaIh jeks
foaYmd,k jHdmdr fmdÿfõ
,xld iudch ;=< zjuZ f,i m%p,s; j we;'

ì%;dkH md¾,sfïka;=fõ jïmi wdik fjka fldg

we;af;a úreoaO mlaIhghs' ju hkafkys
ksjeros w¾:h úreoaO mlaIh hkakhs' tfy;a
,xldj foaYmd,k ksoyi ,nd.;a uq,a jljdkqfõ
rg md,kh l< md,l mlaIh tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh
jQ w;r th nyq;rhla cd;sl Okm;shkaf.ka
ieÿï,;a ksid;a md,k n,h oerE ksid;a
olaIskdxYh úh' ta olaYskdxYfha l%shdldÍ;ajhg tfrys j mSä; mka;sh
fjkqfjka fmkS isá ish¨ fokd jdudxYslhka f,i y`ÿkajkq ,efí' fï
jfï jHdmdrh yd iïnkaO jQ wêrdcH úfrdaëka W.;=ka f.dúhka lïlrejka
wd.ñl mQcH mQcldoSka jeks úúO msßia jQy' tu uq,a jfï jHdmdrh
idys;H l,d wdosh úIfhyS l< n,mEu t;rï úYd, fkdfõ' Bg fya;=j
wfOda jHqyh fkdfyd;a foaYmd,k wd¾Ólh fjkia lsÍfuka idys;H l,d
wdosh we;=<;a WmßjHqyh fkdfyd;a ixialD;sh bfí fjkia jkafka h hk
wdia:dkfha fï uq,a ju msysgd isàuhs' ixialD;sh wfOdajHqyh úIfhyS
lrk n,mEu ms<sn`o .%dïiaÑhdkq fyda w,a;=ißhdkq oekqu ,xldjg
meñfKkqfha 1970 ;rï miq ld,hl nj ksÍlaIKh fõ' fï uq,a ju
ixialD;sh úIfhyS Rcqj ueosy;a fkd jqk o m%pdrljdoS w¾:fhka úúO
wjia:dj, ueosy;a ù we;'

r;= lùka(
wdßh rdclreKd úiska ish kQ;k isxy, ldjH -2 ys mßYsIagfha fld<U
hq.fha lùka 59l ,hsia;=jla bosßm;a lrkq ,en we;s w;r ^2004(196&
1
tys i`oyka lùkaf.ka nyq;rhla fokd jdudYsl keUqrejla we;s wh nj
i`oyka fõ' 1930-60 oYlj, m%p,s; u udOH jq m;a;r fmd;a yd lú fld,
jeks udOH fuka u /iaùï o Tjqka woyia m, l< m%p,s; udOH úh' ta
udOH ;=< o isõmo ldjHhg b;d by< ;ekla ysñ j we;s nj olakg yels
h' fld<U hq.fha fo jk wjêh jk fï ld,fha b;d u m%p,s; lúfhda /ila
jQy' ta lùka w;=ßka jfï jHdmdrfha foaYmd,kh yd ftkaøSh j iïnkaO
jQ lùka lsysmfofkl= y`ÿkd .; yels h' ta w;=ßka fidauùr pkaøisß"
mshfiak u,,af.dv" mS'î w,aúia fmf¾rd" wdßhjxY m;srdc" m;srdc
f;kakfldaka" ngqjkaor .=Kj¾Ok" wk.dßl O¾um%sh chfldä" nekaáia
rKùr" isß,d,a fldäldr yd à'î f;kakfldaka hk lùka ms<sn`o fuys oS
úfYaIfhka fidhd ne,Sug woyia flf¾' fï r;= lùka tod ljr foaYmd,k
jHdmdrhla yd iïnkaO j lghq;= l< o Tjqkaf.a l,d;aul wdfõYh
úma,jjdoS tlla úh' tfyhska Tjqkaf.a lú yd l,d Ndú;h wo ojfia
whs;s jkqfha úma,jjdoS jHdmdrj,ghs' ta ksid nhs,d .dhlhka fyda
k`M ks,shka fuka u fï lùkaf.a lú o wo ojfia úma,jjdoS jHdmdrj,
fõosldfõ olskakg ,efí kï jvd;a jeo.;a fõ'

fidauùr pkaøisß ^1909'02'11 -1971'07'11&

i,amsá fldarf,a m,af, m;a;=fõ udïfma kï .%dufha ÿ.S mjq,l bmso

jhi wjqreÿ 3 oS uj ñhhdu ksid f,dl= wïudf.a yd jeäuy,a
fidhqßhf.a fijfka yeoS jevqKq fidauùr uQ,sl wOHdmkh ,enQfha
udïfma ,xld iNd Yd,dfjks' 1923 oS fudrgqfõ fõ,aia l=udr úoHd,hg
we;=<;a flreKq w;r mdif,a .=rejrfhl= bj;a lsÍug tfrys j wr.,
lsÍu ksid 1927 ld,fha oS mdief,ka fkrmk ,os' wk;=re j bx.%sis
bf.kSug uykqjrg hjk ,os' uykqjr .egfò mkaif,a yduqÿrejka fj;ska
fï ld,fha oS ukd j isxy, NdIdj W.;af;a h' fõ,aia l=udr úoHd,hg
.sh ld,fha oS u Tyq lú ,sùug mgka .;a w;r uykqjr cSj;ajk ld,fha
oS isxy, lú lsre," isxy, cd;sh" isxy, fn!oaOhd hkdoS m;a;rj,g lú
,sùu werö h' idOq .S;sld kñka Tyqf.a uq,a u moH ix.%yh fï wjêfha
oS m%ldYhg m;a úh'

ud¾áka úl%uisxyf.a ixialdrl;ajfhka m< jQ ,lañK mqj;amf;a NdId

mßj¾;l ;k;=rlg m;a jQ Tyq wk;=re j úúO iudc foaYmd,k l%shdldrlï
fj; fhduq úh' udïfma leianEj .ïiNd fldñáfha l%shdldrlïj,g tfrys
j ck;dj ixúOdkh lrñka 1931 ud¾;= 10 osk udïfma leianEj uyck iNdj
kï ixúOdkh wrUK ,os' tu iNdfõ wdrïNl /iaùfï uq,iqkg meñKsfha tjl
fõhkaf.dv rdcH uka;%S jQ tia' ví,sõ'wd¾'ã nKavdrKdhlhs' tu jif¾
u iema;eïn¾ 12 osk ,xldfõ oi foi isá lú lsú`oshka tla fldg iuia:
,xld isxy, lú iïfï,kh weröu isÿ úh' fvdkfuda¾ fldñifuka miq j
we;s jQ rdcH uka;%K iNdfõ fmdr l=l=,ka f,i kï ord isá

2
nKavdrKdhl" fmdkakïn,ï yd B'ví,sõ fmf¾rd jekakka flf¾ fndfyda
fofkl=f.a wjOdkh fhduq jqj o fidauùrf.a wjOdkh fhduq jQfha ;reK
uka;%Sjrfhl= jQ weta' ta úl%uisxyf.a jevms<sfj, flfrys h ^ksoyia
igfka fid`ÿre fikam;s - fidauùr pkaøisß lúirKsh" pkaøisß wrxor"r;akisß
wrx.,"2005"f.dvf.a&'

,lañK mqj;amf;ka wia jQ Tyq 1932 cQ,s 24 jk osk ksoyi kñka lú

m;a;rhla wrUk ,o nj wrxor iy wrx., i`oyka lr we;s w;r tka'mS'
rKisxydwrÉÑ úiska Bg fmr Tyq werUQ zzfyk myrZZ kï mqj;am;la
ms<sn`o j o úia;r olajkq ,en we;'

zzkjl:dlrKfhys fhoS isá mshodi isßfiak iQÍyq ;u kjl;dlrKh

w;ayeroud tod ke.Sf.k wd jdudxYsl jHdmdrhg myr .eiSug z isxy
y~Z mqj;am; werUQy' zisxy y~Z mqj;am; u.ska jfï jHdmdrhg myr
t,a, lrk úg Bg tfrys j fidauùr pkaøisß zfyK myrZ mqj;am;
weröh' ta u.ska zisxy y~Zmqj;amf;a ier nd, lf<a h' ks¾Ok
mka;sfha ksfhdað;hl= f,i fidauùrz fyK myrZ mqj;am; fmdÿckhd
w;rg f.k .sfhah' ta mqj;am; ;=,ska f.dú" lïlre yd ks¾Ok
mka;sfha ckhd ;=< msìoSula we;s lf<a h' bka fkd kej;=Kq
fidauùr zksoyiZ kue;s ldjHuh mqj;am; weröh' .oHfhka fuka u
moHfhka o mßmQ¾K jQ fuu mqj;am; rg;=< jdudxYsl jHdmdrh i|yd
fuka u foaYfm%aó wr.,h mK.ekaùu fjkqfjka o úYd, fufyhla
bgqlf<a hZz^rKisxy wdrÉÑ tka' mS" lúh foaYmd,k wúhla fldg.;a fidauùr
pkaøisß" osjhsk.2015'06'22&'

ã'weia'fiakdkdhl" i¾ ã'î ch;s,l jeks OfkaYajr kdhlhkaf.a md,k

l%uhg;a B'ta .=Kisxyf.a Bkshd lïlre jHdmdrhg;a tfrys j wdpd¾h
weka' weï' fmf¾rd" fodia;r weia'ta úl%uisxy" wdpd¾h fld,aúka wd¾
o is,ajd" iy ms,sma .=Kj¾Ok hk kdhlhkaf.a m%Odk;ajfhka ,xld
iuiudc mlaIh 1935 oS werô w;r fidauùr o tys wdrïNl idudcslfhl=
úh ^ksoyia igfka fid`ÿre fikam;s&' 1936 rdcH uka;%K iNdjg uka;%Ska
m;a lsÍug meje;a jQ ue;sjrKfha oS rejkaje,a, wdikhg bosßm;a jQ
weka weï fmf¾rdf.a ch.%yK Wfoid Tyq lS lú ;ju;a ;=kafldr<fha
ñksiqka w;r mj;S

iqkaor fygla ieÿug uq`M rg fjkqfjka

oeka fmruqKg m;a Tn yeu fok fjkqfjka
weka'weï fmf¾rd fï mska ms`v fjkqfjka
Pkaoh fkd oS fokak o fjk ld fjkqfjka

weka'weï fud,uqf¾ l=udßydñ mrojñka fï ue;sjrKfha oS rdcH uka;%K

iNdjg m;a jQ w;r tjlg isxy, fn!oaOhd m;a;rfha jev lrñka isá
fiduùr weka' weïf.a /iaùïj, l;d lsÍfï jrog /lshdfjka fodÜg oeñK'

3
iuiudc mlaIfhka udïfma .ïiNd fldñáhg m;a jQ fidauùr fmdÿck fiajd
/ila bgq l< kdhlfhls'

fï ld,fha isÿ jQ ms<shkao, udrflÜgq igfka oS Tyqg wfkla

.egqïlrejka iu`. isrl+vqjg hdug isÿ úh' Tjqkag wem fok ,oafoa
mdKÿf¾ f,ia,s .=Kj¾Ok h'zzfï ld,fha yosisfha u wenE¾;= jqKq iriú
i`o/i m;%fha l¾;D moúhg fidauùr le`ojk ,os' i`o/i m;%fhys
ysñlrejka jQ mruú{dkd¾: iud.fï NdKavd.dßl j isá uydpd¾h .=Kmd,
u,,fialr uy;df.ka ,;a wdrdOkdj Wv yïnkaf;dg rdcH uka;%Sjrhd jQ
ã'weï rdcmlaI yd wdkkao rdclreKd fom< o legq j u,,fialr uy;df.a
f.org f.dia fidauùr l¾;D moúh ndr.;af;a hZZ^tu(17&' fn%ia.¾v,a
isiaêfha oS ã'î ch;s,l iajfoaY weu;sjrhd l%shd l< wdldrh úfõpkh
lrñka Tyq ,shQ l;=jelshlg lsmqKq iud.fï f,alï ymq., uy;d
ch;s,lf.ka iudj .kakd f,i fidauùrg oeka jQ w;r Bg tl`. fkdjQ fya
l¾;D moúfhka bj;a j f.dia kej; ksoyi m;a;rh wrUk ,os'

ksoyi m;%h u.ska mlaI kdhl;ajh úfõpkh lsÍfï jrog 1937 oS fidauùr
iuiudc mlaIfhka fkrmk ,os' fï ld,fha cd;sl fmruqK kñka moH
ix.%yhla fyf;u m< lrk ,os' fï tys tk lúhls(

cd;sl úuqla;sh ,en.kq msKsi mqfrda

.dó jk whf. kug o mqo;s iqfrda
udrl úm;a fkd;ld thska fidfydhqfrda
cd;sl fmruqKg tla ù fmrg jfrda

fï lúfmd; .ek fmd,Sish wei .idf.k isá uq;a w;a;vx.=jg .ekSula

isÿ fkd úK' 1941 jk úg f,dal hqoaO ;;ajh b;d WKqiqï ;;ajhg m;a j
;sìK' uyck;djg rcfhka isÿ jk ysßyer ksrka;rfhka ksoyi m;%fha
úfõpkhg ,la flßK' fï ld,h jk úg ,xld iuiudc mlaIfha kdhlhka ish¨
fokd isrNdrhg f.k ;snqKs' iy,a i,dlfha jeros yd fid,aodÿjkaf.ka
ck;djg jk mSvd .ek ,shQ ,smshlg tfrys j fmd,Sisfhka fidauùr
w;a;vx.=jg .ekSug jfrka;=jla ,nd.;a w;r ta f;dr;=r l,ska
oek.ekSug yels jQ ksid Tyqg ie`.ùug yels úh' miqj fmd,Sishg yiq
ù je,slv ysrf.org hjk ,os' tys oS ,enqKq m;a;r len,sj, bv we;s
;Sre osf.a Tyq ,shQ lú miq j zisrl+vqjZ kñka fmd;la f,i m< lrk
,os'

uy isr f.hl isáfhñ ihqfrka jg jQ

wo iq`M tll fjñ ì;a;shlska jg jQ
fidfydkl ksok ;=re uyfmd<jg hg jQ
igfkys fhfoñ ksoyi fjkqfjka fig jQ

4
1947 iema;eïn¾ udifha mej;s uyd ue;sjrKhg fudrgqj wdikfhka
iuiudc mlaIfha ys;jdosfhl= f,i fidauùr ;r`. lsÍug kshñ; úh' fï
jif¾ u cQ,s udifha oS wêlrKhg wmydi lsÍfï fpdaokdj u;
fYa%IaGdêlrKh úiska Tyqg yd ksoyi m;%fha l<ukdlreg i;s yhl isr
o`vqjula ,nd ÿKs' flfia kuq;a Pkaohg fmr oskfha Tyq ysfrka
ksoyia úh' ^,nk i;sfha ysr f.orska md¾,sfïka;=jg .sh fidauùr'''&