

 

u

y
 V

Failure

Vy

Actual

Idealized
Unloading
branchs

y max u 

 
 


V V
Ve Ve
Elastic
response
R
R K K
R 

Vy Vy Vd 
 = max/y Vd Cd
R 

(a) y max  (b) d y e max 




Ve Fy (   1)
R  
Vy Fy (    i )


 
 
 


  R

 

R  1.0  T  0.03 s
R  2  1  0.12 s  T  0.5 s
R    T  1.0 s




 max  y
Cd   max  
d  y d
 All dimensions in mm
2400 600

200
No. 3 @ 250
S No. 2 @ 150
2400
8 No. 6

100

No. 3 @ 250

500
3000 800


  
 


 
(a) (b)



 .

 



 

5.0
Bars - Normalweight
Bars - Lightweight
4.0 This study:
Mesh - Normalweight Bars
Mesh - Lightweight This study:
3.0


2.0

1.0
Sánchez
0.0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
M / Vlw


 M 
   0  0.4  
 V lw 


 
 





 5.0 5.0

Displacement ductility, 
4.0 4.0

3.0 3.0
2.50
2.0 2.0
1.50
1.0 1.0
Bars Mesh


 