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4 WORK AND ENERGY

I. Tick (3) the most appropriate answer.


1. The SI unit of work is :
(a) newton (b) joule (c) metre (d) second
2. Burning of wood is an example of conversion of :
(a) chemical energy to light and heat energy
(b) mechanical energy to heat energy
(c) heat energy to light energy
(d) light energy to heat energy
3. When a brick is raised to a certain height, it gains :
(a) potential energy (b) kinetic energy
(c) wind energy (d) solar energy
4. Splitting of heavy unstable atom of uranium releases :
(a) kinetic energy (b) nuclear energy
(c) chemical energy (d) electrical energy
5. The ultimate source of all energy is :
(a) petroleum (b) coal (c) sun (d) wind
6. If two teams play tug-of-war and both pull with equal force,
then :
(a) work is said to be done (b) no work is done
(c) double work is done (d) none of these
7. Strong wind can turn the blades of a windmill because it
possesses :
(a) potential energy (b) muscular energy
(c) chemical energy (d) kinetic energy
8. Water cycle is caused due to :
(a) chemical energy (b) solar energy
(c) kinetic energy (d) potential energy
9. Water stored at a height in a dam possesses:
(a) chemical energy (b) kinetic energy
(c) potential energy (d) heat energy
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10. Work is said to be done if :
(a) a body moves
(b) a force is applied which brings about motion
(c) a force is applied but no motion is produced
(d) none of these
11. The work done by a body is the product of force and :
(a) distance (b) speed (c) displacement (d) velocity
12. Burning of paper is an example of conversion of :
(a) chemical energy into heat energy
(b) chemical energy into heat and light energy
(c) chemical energy into light energy
(d) heat energy into light energy
13. Water stored in a tank on the top of roof has :
(a) potential energy (b) kinetic energy
(c) potential as well as kinetic energy (d) solar energy
14. Strong current of water turns the blades of turbine because it
possesses :
(a) potential energy (b) kinetic energy
(c) both potential and kinetic energy (d) none of these
15. Work is said to be done when :
(a) force acts upon a body, but the body does not move
(b) force acts upon a body and moves it in the direction of
force
(c) force acts upon a body, but the body does not move in
the direction of applied force
(d) none of these
16. If two boys push a table in opposite direction with equal force,
then :
(a) work is said to be done (b) no work is done
(c) double work is done (d) none of these
17. When a person speaks in front of a microphone, the sound
energy is converted into :
(a) loud sound energy (b) magnetic energy
(c) chemical energy (d) electric energy
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18. Two bodies A and B of equal masses having velocities in the
ratio 1 : 2, their kinetic energies are in the ratio :
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 1 : 2 (c) 1 : 4 (d) 4 : 1
19. A device based upon conversion of light to electricity is :
(a) electric heater (b) electric bulb
(c) thermocouple (d) photocell
20. The work performed on an object does not depend upon :
(a) applied force (b) displacement
(c) initial velocity of the body (d) none of these
21. Food which we take converts :
(a) potential energy to heat energy
(b) electrical energy to heat energy
(c) chemical energy to heat energy
(d) none of these
22. Energy chain consists of :
(a) solar energy (b) wind energy
(c) fossil fuels (d) all the above
23. The S.I. unit of energy is :
(a) newton (b) joule (c) pascal (d) second
24. The device which converts chemical energy to electrical energy
is :
(a) dry cell (b) electric heater
(c) electric bulb (d) thermocouple
25. Potential energy of a person is minimum when :
(a) person is standing (b) person is sitting on a chair
(c) person is sitting on the ground
(d) person is lying on the ground
Ans. 1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (a) 6. (b) 7. (d) 8. (b) 9. (c)
10. (b) 11. (c) 12. (b) 13. (a) 14. (b) 15. (b) 16. (b) 17. (d)
18. (c) 19. (d) 20. (c) 21. (d) 22. (d) 23. (b) 24. (a) 25. (d).
II. Fill in the blanks.
1. Ability to do work is called ________ .
2. When a force causes ________ in its own direction, the work
is said to be done.
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3. Work done by a body is the product of ________ and
displacement.
4. One joule is the product of force of 1 N and displacement of
________ .
5. Energy possessed by a body by virtue of its configuration or
________ is called potential energy.
6. Energy possessed by a body by virture of its ________ is
called kinetic energy.
7. In hydroelectric dams the ________ energy of flowing water
is transformed into electric energy.
8. When we speak in front of a microphone the sound energy
changes into ________ energy.
9. Nuclear energy is released in the form of ________ energy
when the atom disintegrates.
10. During photosynthesis, the ________ energy changes to
chemical energy.
11. Energy is defined as the ________ of doing work.
12. The unit for the measurement of potential energy is ________ .
13. Reading a book is a ________ work.
14. Electricity produced from water is called ________ .
15. Energy is measured by the amount of ________ that can be
done by that body.
16. Wood has ________ energy stored in it.
17. Sound energy is produced by ________ .
18. When steam is used to turn turbines ________ is said to be
done.
19. Scrap iron is separated from a heap of waste materials by using
big ________ fitted to a crane.
20. Biogas is produced in ________ .
21. The SI unit of energy is ________ .
22. The kinetic energy of a body is by virtue of its ________ .
23. Water cycle is caused due to ________ energy.
24. Strong wind can turn the blades of a wind mill because it
possesses ________ energy.
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25. Food which we take, converts to ________ energy.
26. Wood has ________ energy stored in it.
27. An electric bulb converts electric energy to ________ energy.
28. ________ is the ultimate source of energy.
29. If the mass of the body is doubled its potential energy will be
I ________ .
30. A microphone converts ________ energy to ________
energy.
Ans. 1. energy 2. displacement 3. force 4. 1 metre 5. position
6. motion 7. kinetic 8. electric 9. heat 10. light 11. capacity
12. Joule 13. mental 14. hydroelectricity 15. work 16. chemical
17. vibrations 18. work 19. magnet 20. biomass 21. joule
22. motion 23. solar 24. kinetic 25. muscular 26. chemical
27. light 28. Sun 29. doubled 30. sound, electrical.
III. Name the energy changes for each example in the list given
below.
1. A loudspeaker 2. A Bunsen burner
3. A microphone 4. An electric bell
5. An electromagnet 6. An electric heater
7. A transmitter 8. A radio set
9. A dry cell 10. A burning fire cracker
Ans. 1. A loudspeaker: Electrical energy to sound energy.
2. A Bunsen burner: Chemical energy to heat and light energy.
3. A microphone: Sound energy to electric energy.
4. An electric bell: Electric energy to sound energy.
5. An electromagnet: Electric energy to magnetic energy.
6. An electric heater: Electric energy to heat and light energy.
7. A transmitter: Electrical energy to sound energy.
8. A radio set: Electric energy to sound energy.
9. A dry cell: Chemical energy to electrical energy.
10. A burning firecracker: Chemical energy to heat energy.
IV. State whether the following statements are true or false (T/F):
1. Magnetic energy is always attractive in nature.
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2. The SI unit of energy is joule.
3. A stretched bow and arrow system has kinetic energy.
4. The energy possessed by an electric cell is chemical energy.
5. During photosynthesis, the light energy changes into chemical
energy.
6. An electric bulb converts electric energy into heat energy.
7. The source of energy in a nuclear bomb is chemical energy.
8. A freely falling stone possesses K.E. and P.E.
9. In human body, the chemical energy of food changes into heat
energy.
10. In hydroelectric stations, the potential energy of flowing water
changes into electric energy.
Ans. 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. F 7. F 8. T 9. F 10. T.
V. Statements given below are incorrect. Write the correct
statements.
1. A running cat has potential energy.
Ans. A running cat has kinetic energy.
2. A man is doing work when he is pushing a rigid wall by a huge
force.
Ans. A man is not doing work when he is pushing a rigid wall by
a huge force.
3. Moon is the ultimate source of energy.
Ans. Sun is the ultimate source of energy.
4. Chemical energy is the cause of water cycle.
Ans. Solar energy is the cause of water cycle
5. Loudspeaker converts sound energy to electrical energy.
Ans. Loudspeaker converts electrical energy to sound energy.
6. A fire cracker converts mechanical energy to sound, light and
heat energy.
Ans. A fire cracker converts chemical energy to sound, light and heat
energy.
7. A falling stone converts kinetic energy to potential energy.
Ans. A falling stone converts potential energy to kinetic energy.
8. The unit of work is newton.
Ans. The unit of work is joule.
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9. A flowing river has potential energy.
Ans. A flowing river has kinetic energy.
10. A parachutist has less potential energy when he is in the air than
when he is on the ground.
Ans. A parachutist has more potential energy when he is in the air
than when he is on the ground.
11. If two aeroplanes, one big and one small, travel at the same
speed, the smaller one has more kinetic energy.
Ans. If two aeroplanes, one big and one small, travel at the same
speed, the bigger one has more kinetic energy.
12. An electric bulb converts heat energy into light energy.
Ans. An electric bulb converts electric energy into light energy.
13. Wind energy is the most powerful form of energy.
Ans. Nuclear energy is the most powerful form of energy.
14. Biogas causes air pollution.
Ans. Biogas does not cause air pollution.
15. Work is done when we hold a pile of books in our hands.
Ans. Work is not done when we hold a pile of books in our hands.
16. Work done by a body is the product of pressure and displace-
ment.
Ans. Work done by a body is the product of force and displacement.
17. When electric current flows through a bulb, the electric energy
first changes into light energy and then heat energy.
Ans. When electric current flows through a bulb, the electric energy
first changes into heat energy and then light energy.
18. When we speak in front of a microphone the electric energy
changes into sound energy.
Ans. When we speak in front of a microphone the sound energy
changes into electric energy.
19. During photosynthesis heat energy changes into chemical
energy.
Ans. During photosynthesis light energy changes into chemical
energy.
20. In charging a car battery the chemical energy changes into
electric energy.
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Ans. In charging a car battery the electric energy changes into
chemical energy.
21. A wound up spring of a watch possesses kinetic energy.
Ans. A wound up spring of a watch possesses potential energy.
22. Nuclear energy is released in the form of light energy.
Ans. Nuclear energy is released in the form of heat and light energy.
23. When a stone is projected vertically upwards its kinetic energy
changes into potential energy.
Ans. When a stone is projected vertically upwards its potential
energy changes into kinetic energy.
24. Kinetic energy of a body decreases with the increase in mass.
Ans. Kinetic energy of a body increases with the increase in mass.
VI. Match the following:
Column A Column B
1. Photosynthesis (a) Electrical energy → Magnetic energy
2. Dry cell (b) Electrical energy → Sound energy
3. Electromagnet (c) Solar energy → Chemical energy
4. Door bell (d) Chemical energy → Electrical energy
5. Electric heater (e) Electrical energy → Heat energy
6. Table fan (f) Electrical energy → Light energy
7. Photocell (g) Electrical energy → Mechanical energy
8. Tubes and bulbs (h) Solar energy → Electrical energy
9. The ringing of an (i) Kinetic energy → Sound energy
alarm clock
10. A tin-can filled with (j) Chemical energy → Heat energy
stones is shaken and kinetic energy
11. Rubbing your palms (k) Kinetic energy → Heat energy
together quickly
12. The launching of a (l) Electrical energy → Mechanical energy
rocket
13. The starting of an (m) Potential energy → Sound energy
electric fan
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Ans. 1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (e) 6. (g) 7. (h) 8. (f) 9. (m)
10. (i) 11. (k) 12. (j) 13. (l)
VII. Find the odd one out. Give a reason for your choice.
1. Water stored in a tank, wound up spring watch, stretched
spring, speeding train.
Ans. Speeding train: Speeding train possesses kinetic energy but
other have potential energy.
2. A shooting star, a flying bird, blowing wind, a stone lying on
the top of roof.
Ans. A stone lying on the top of roof: A stone lying on the top of
roof possesses potential energy but other possesses kinetic
energy.
3. Coal, kerosene oil, petrol, solar cell.
Ans. Solar cell: All except solar cell convert chemical energy to heat
energy. Solar cell converts solar energy to heat energy.
4. Lifting a load, climbing a staircase, thinking, pulling a toy.
Ans. Thinking: Thinking is mental work but other are physical
works.
5. Wound-up spring, stretched bow, stone lying on the roof,
moving car.
Ans. Moving car: Moving car possesses kinetic energy but other
have potential energy.
6. Coal, solar cooker, kerosene, wood.
Ans. Solar cooker: Only solar cooker converts solar energy to heat
energy, whereas other convert chemical energy to heat energy.
7. Diesel oil, firewood, kerosene, wind (in terms of longevity)
Ans. Wind: It is the only renewable source of energy.
8. Diesel, petrol, kerosene, photocell.
Ans. Photocell: Only photocell converts light energy to electrical
energy. But burning of diesel, Petrol and kerosene convert
chemical energy to heat energy.
9. Room heater, geyser, toaster, thermocouple.
Ans. Thermocouple: Only thermocouple converts heat energy to
electrical energy. But other convert electric energy to heat
energy.
Class-VI Physics 9 Question Bank
10. Loudspeaker, microphone, electric bell, stereosystem.
Ans. Microphone: Microphone converts sound energy to electrical
energy. But other three convert electrical energy to sound energy.
VIII. Give reasons for the following:
1. Heat is a kind of energy.
Ans. Heat is a kind of energy because it has the capacity of doing
work. The heat produced by burning coal, wood, oil or gas are
utilised for cooking food. The steam produces from boiling
water is used in steam engine etc.
2. No work is done by a man rowing a boat upstream but is at
rest with respect to the bank.
Ans. Work done = Force × displacement.
When the man is rowing a boat upstream, it is at rest with
respect to the bank. So, the displacement of the boat is zero.
Hence, no work is done by the boat.
3. A light and a heavy body can have equal kinetic energy.
Ans. Kinetic Energy = ½ m v2.
A light and a heavy body can have equal kinetic energy if they
have different velocities i.e. light body is moving with high
speed and heavy body is moving with low speed.
4. Light is a form of energy.
Ans. Light is capable of doing work so it is a form of energy. It is
required for the process of photosynthesis in the green plants.
It is also used in photographic plate, photocell etc.
5. Sun is the ultimate source of energy.
Ans. Sun is the ultimate source of energy on the earth. Green plants
use sunlight during the process of photosynthesis and stored in
the form of chemical energy. It is used by other animals and
humans as food.
Heat energy from sun causes wind. Wind energy can be used
in different ways. Sun light causes water cycle. Thus, sun is the
main cause of all sources of energy.
6. No work is done if a person is pushing against a wall.
Ans. Work done is given by product of force and displacement.
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When a person is pushing against a wall with strong force, wall
is not moving. So, displacement is zero. Hence, no work is
done by the person.
7. Hammer drives a nail into wood only when lifted and then
struck.
Ans. Hammer drives a nail into wood only when lifted and then
struck. Because when hammer is lifted, the potential energy of
hammer increases and it will drive the nail deeper.
8. Sound is a form of energy.
Ans. Sound is a form of energy as it has capacity of doing work.
It can vibrate the eardrum and make hearing possible to us. The
strong sounds of explosion shatter the glass panes of doors
and windows.
9. Solar cooker will be the means of cooking in the future.
Ans. Solar cooker will be the means of cooking in the future.
Because solar cooker uses solar energy directly which is
in exhaustible source of energy.
10. A horse and a dog are running with the same speed. The horse
will possess more kinetic energy.
Ans. A horse and a dog are running with the same speed. The horse
will possess more kinetic energy because the mass of horse is
1
more than the mass of the dog. And Kinetic energy = mv2.
2
IX. Differentiate between:
1. Reading and cooking (in terms of work done).
Ans. Reading and cooking: Reading is a mental work. But in
physics, no work is done in reading no matter if it needs energy.
Cooking is an example of physical work.
2. Kinetic energy and potential energy.
Ans. Kinetic energy and potential energy: Kinetic energy is the
energy possessed by the body by virtue of its motion, and K.E.
= ½ mv2.

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Potential energy is the energy possessed by the body by virtue
of its position, and P.E. = mgh.
3. Hydroelectricity and nuclear energy.
Ans. Hydroelectricity and nuclear energy: Hydroelectricity is the
electricity produced by water. Nuclear energy is the energy
derived from the nucleus of an atom.
X. Answer these questions.
1. Define work. When is work said to be done?
Ans. Work is defined as the product of force and displacement.
Work is said to be done, if a force acting on a body is able
to produce displacement in its own direction.
2. Is it possible that a force is acting on a body but still the work
done is zero? Explain by giving one example.
Ans. Yes. When a person is pushing against a wall, he is applying
force but it does not produce any displacement. Hence work
done by the man is zero.
3. Define joule.
Ans. One joule is equal to the work done when the point of
application of a force of 1N is displaced through a distance of
1m in the direction of the force.
4. What are the two factors on which the amount of kinetic energy
depends?
Ans. The kinetic energy depends on the following two factors.
(i) Mass of the body, (ii) Speed of the body.
5. What are the two factors on which the amount of potential
energy depends?
Ans. Two factors on which the amount of potential energy depends
are
(i) mass of the body, and
(ii) height of the body above the ground.
6. State the principle of conservation of energy.
Ans. The principle of conservation of energy states that the total
amount of energy in the universe always remains constant, that
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is energy can neither be created nor destroyed, it can only be
changed from one form to another.
7. List four types of energies derived from the energy of the sun.
Ans. Four types of energies derived from the energy of the sun are,
(i) chemical energy stored in plants
(ii) wind energy (iii) energy of water
(iv) chemical energy in coal and petroleum.
8. How is hydroelectricity produced?
Ans. River water is stored in reservoirs in the dam. When the stored
water is made to flow through special channels, the potential
energy of water changes into kinetic energy. The kinetic energy
of flowing water is utilised in rotating the blades of the turbine.
The K.E. of the rotating turbine is converted into electrical
energy by a generator. Thus hydroelectricity is produced.
9. Biogas plants are a boon to the villagers. Explain why.
Ans. Biogas plants are a boon to the villagers because biogas is a
cheap and clean fuel. It does not produce smoke or cause air
pollution. Biogas is used as a fuel for cooking and as an
illuminant for street lighting.
10. How is petroleum formed?
Ans. When dead remains of sea animals and plants got buried
millions of years ago, because of high temperature and high
pressure under the earth, they slowly changed to form
petroleum.
11. What is biogas? Name its main constituents.
Ans. Biogas is the gas produced from biomass consists of dried
leaves, cowdung or any other non-usable products of plant and
animal origin.
Its main constituents are methane (65%), carbon dioxide and
hydrogen.
12. What will happen to the kinetic energy of the body (when its
velocity remains the same), if
(a) the mass of the body is doubled?
(b) the mass of the body is halved?
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Ans. When the velocity of the body remains the same
(i) the kinetic energy of the body will be doubled if the mass
of the body is doubled.
(ii) the kinetic energy of the body will be halved if the mass
of the body is halved.
13. What will happen to the kinetic energy of the body (when mass
of the body remains the same), if
(a) its velocity is doubled? (b) its velocity is halved?
Ans. When mass of the body remains the same
(a) the kinetic energy will increased four times if its velocity
is doubled.
(b) the kinetic energy will decreased to one fourth if its
velocity is halved.
14. What will happen to the potential energy of the body (when the
height is kept the same), if
(a) the mass of the body is doubled?
(b) the mass of the body is halved?
Ans. When the height is kept the same
(a) the potential energy of the body will be doubl if the mass
of the body is doubled.
(b) the potential energy of the body will be halved if the mass
of the body is halved.
15. What will happen to the potential energy of the body (when its
mass is kept the same), if
(a) the body is raised to double the original height?
(b) the body is lowered to half the original height?
Ans. When its mass is kept the same
(a) the potential energy of the body will be doubled if the
body is raised to double the original height.
(b) the potential energy of the body will be halved if the body
is lowered to half the original height.
16. A person holding a suitcase is at rest. Is he doing any work?
Ans. No. The person is not doing any work when he is holding a
suitcase and is at rest as in this case displacement is zero.
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17. What is the amount of work done by a man pushing a rigid wall
with a force of 200 N?
Ans. The work done by a man pushing a rigid wall with a force of
200 N is zero as there is no displacement.
18. How do you define energy?
Ans. Energy is the capacity or ability of a body to do work.
19. What do you understand by the term kinetic energy and
potential energy?
Ans. Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by a body by virtue of
its motion.
Potential energy is the energy possessed by a body by virtue
of its position.
20. How does the kinetic energy of a body changes if
(i) its mass is doubled. (ii) velocity is doubled?
Ans. (i) If the mass of a body is doubled, then kinetic energy of
the body will be doubled.
(ii) If the velocity is doubled, the kinetic energy of the body
will become four times of the original value.
21. State two factors which determine the work done by a body.
Ans. Two factors which determine the work done by a body are
(i) the applied force, and
(ii) the displacement of the body in the direction of the force.
22. What is biomass?
Ans. Biomass mainly consists of dry leaves, cowdung or any
unwanted product of plant and animal origin.
23. How work and energy are related to each other?
Ans. The energy of a body is equal to the amount of work done by
it when its energy is released. If a body does not have energy,
it cannot do any work. Whenever a body does work, an equal
amount of its energy is used up.
24. Name two basic kinds of energy.
Ans. Two basic kinds of energy are:
(i) Kinetic energy and (ii) Potential energy.
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25. (a) What do you understand by the term work?
(b) State a situation in which force is applied on a body, but
no work is done.
(c) Write the mathematical expression for work.
Ans. (a) When a force causes displacement in its own direction,
work is said to be done.
(b) If the force applied does not produce any displacement of
a body then no work is done.
For example, if we push a wall and it does not move, then
no work is done, no matter how much energy we have
spent.
(c) The mathematical expression for work is
Work done = Force × Displacement through which
force act
W = F × S.
26. (a) Give four examples of kinetic energy.
(b) Two bodies have equal mass. However, speed of one
body is double than that of the other. Which of the two
bodies has more kinetic energy?
Ans. (a) Four examples of kinetic energy are
(i) a running train, (ii) a speeding car,
(iii) a strong wind, and (iv) a stone rolling down a hill
(b) The body which has double speed has more kinetic
energy.
27. Give three examples of potential energy.
Ans. Three examples of potential energy are:
(i) When the rubber sling of a catapult is stretched, the
muscular energy is stored in rubber.
(ii) The compressed string of a toy pistol, and
(iii) The wind up spring of an alarm clock.
28. State the kind of energy (potential energy or kinetic energy)
possessed by the following.
(a) A stone resting at the top of hill.
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(b) An arrow shooting from a bow.
(c) A flying mosquito.
(d) A wound up spring of a toy car.
(e) A speeding car.
(f) A bullet fired from a gun.
Ans. (a) A stone resting at the top of hill — Potential energy
(b) An arrow shooting from a bow — Kinetic energy
(c) A flying mosquito — Kinetic energy
(d) A wound up spring of a toy car — Potential energy
(e) A speeding car — Kinetic energy
(f) A bullet fired from a gun — Kinetic energy
XI. Numerical Problems.
1. How much work is done in raising a stone of mass 5 kg to a
height of 5 metre? (g = 10 m/s2)
Ans. Mass = 5 kg
.
.. Force = 5 × 10 = 50 N [... g = 10 m/s2]
Displacement = 5 m
Work done = Force × displacement
= 50 N × 5 m
= 250 J.
2. A force of 25 N acts on a body of mass 5 kg and produces
a displacement of 5 m in its own direction. Calculate the amount
of work done.
Ans. Force = 25 N
Displacement = 5 m
The required work done = Force × Displacement
= 25 N × 5 m = 125 J.
3. A bullet of mass 100 g, is moving with a speed of 200 ms–1.
What is its kinetic energy?
1
Ans. Mass, m = 100 g = kg
10
Speed, v = 200 ms–1
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... The required kinetic energy = mv2

= × (200)2
1
= × 40000
20
= 2000 J.
4. How fast does a man, weighing 60 kg run so that his kinetic
energy is 750 J ?
Ans. Kinetic energy (K.E.) = 750 J.
Mass of man (M) = 60 kg
Velocity of man (V) = ?
.. . K.E. = mv2

⇒ 750 = × 60 × v2
⇒ 25 = v2
.. . v = 5 m/s.

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