McCool 1

Amber McCool

Mr. King

AP Seminar A-Day

03 January 2017

Annotated Bibliography

“Connecticut Woman Sentenced for Role in Sex Trafficking Ring” ​Department of Justice.

https://www.justice.gov/archive/opa/pr/2008/April/08_crt_262.html

This is a report written by the Department of Justice that informs the reader about a

human sex trafficking case that took place in Connecticut where a woman was charged with 46

months in jail because of her involvement in a prostitution ring that victimized minors and some

adults. The United States Department of Justice is a credible source because it’s main goal is to

uphold the law and defend the interest of the United States. This overview of the court case is

reliable because it gives the facts of what happened during the crime and what the punishments

were. It also states who the case was investigated and prosecuted by. This is a very helpful case

to refer to in order to understand my topic of human sex trafficking and provides a great example

of how it is being done and what the consequences for the actions are.

Cokar, Muhtar, Yesim Isil Ulman, and Nadi Bakirci. "Breaking The Silence Of The Lambs:

Integrating Medical Staff In Prevention Of Human Trafficking." ​EBSCOHost, Acta

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Bioéthica.

http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=3&sid=f4a92cf1-512b-469b-ba7e-cb

a2b08b1b8b%40sessionmgr103&hid=129&bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPWlwLGN1c3R1aW

QmY3VzdGlkPXM4NDU1ODYxJnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#A

N=117696857&db=a9h

This is an empirical study where health physicians who were likely to come in contact

with human trafficking victims were questioned in order to find out whether they knew the signs

of a victim, if they had reported cases that they suspected a victim, and whether they were

educated enough on the issue at hand. The results concluded that a fair amount of the physicians

questioned had come in contact with victims and half to most of them reported it. However there

was also a large amount who either had suspected it but never alerted authorities or did not know

what to look for. I believe that this was a fair and mostly impartial study because the physicians

subject to the questioning were given many questions in order to fairly evaluate their knowledge

and actions. The Acta Bioethica is credible because it is a study that is published semi-annually

done by many qualified authors and scientists in Chile that are focused on the ethical rights,

responsibilities and consequences associated with the world today.

Clawson, Heather J. ; Dutch, Nicole; Solomon, Amy; Goldblatt Grace, Lisa. “HUMAN

TRAFFICKING INTO AND WITHIN THE UNITED STATES: A REVIEW OF THE

LITERATURE” ​Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, U.S. Department of

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Health & Human Services.

https://aspe.hhs.gov/report/human-trafficking-and-within-united-states-review-literature

This is a one of the most valuable and abundant sources that I have found for this

research project. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and The Assistant

Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE) came together in order to evaluate the problem of

human trafficking to answer the most prominent questions regarding this topic. This is a superior

review and assessment because the authors really go in depth about the issue and how it is being

helped and prevented and the problems preventing the issue from being solved. The ASPE is the

organization that advises the secretary of HHS on policies that range in a wide variety of areas in

order to impartially inform the public based on the facts and statistics gathered.

“Fact Sheet: Distinctions Between Human Smuggling and Human Trafficking 2006.” ​U.S.

Department of State. ​https://www.state.gov/m/ds/hstcenter/90434.htm

This Fact sheet from the U.S. Department of State identifies the differences between

human trafficking and Human smuggling. This eliminates the confusion between the two

separate, but equally complex, crimes. By stating most, if not, all of the relevant facts regarding

each hostile crime, the organization assists the readers in identifying the subtle differences

between each of these crimes. The U.S. Department of state is committed to helping to create

and sustain a peaceful and prosperous democratic world that can face and conquer all of the

challenges of tomorrow. I believe that this article in particular is very impartial because it gives
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many facts and differences between each of the crimes. Along with that, it also gives situations

so that the readers can better understand the two as separate crimes. This is a very helpful

database as it clears ant confusion and fully educate the reader on human trafficking.

Farbey, Judith. ​HUMAN TRAFFICKING: MODERN DAY SLAVERY. Socialist Lawyer, JSTOR.

No. 48 (December 2007), pp. 12-16, Pluto Journals.

http://www.jstor.org/stable/42947265

Judith Farbey wrote this article on human trafficking for the Socialist Lawyer, which is

the magazine of the Haldane Society of Socialist Lawyers and published only three to four times

a year. The Haldane Society provides a forum for the discussion and analysis of law and the legal

system from a socialist perspective. Keeping this in mind, one might say that the publishers are

slightly biased because they keep to a socialist perspective. The article itself provides an

abundance of information that informs the readers of the dangers of human trafficking along with

how to stop in at its source and the author's opinion on how the prosecute the traffickers. The

author also includes a young girl's personal trafficking experience from china. This extra excerpt

allows insight for the reader to truly sympathize and understand what the victims go through.

The author seems to be a little biased based on the way she expresses her views, but all in all it is

a very well written and credible article that I obtained from the also credible online database,

JSTOR.
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Kara, Siddharth. ​Supply and Demand: Human Trafficking in the Global Economy​. ​JSTOR​, Vol.

33, No. 2 (SUMMER 2011), pp. 66-71, Harvard International Review.

http://www.jstor.org/stable/42763479

In this article the author, Siddharth Kara displays her experience Lagos, Nigeria to

explore the horrifying reality of human trafficking. While doing so she did a great amount of

research regarding the topic. Although slavery has been put to an end for several decades now,

there is a modern day slavery that is very prominent today. Kara includes a chart of the

prosecutions of human traffickers versus the convictions and the results conclude that there is a

good amount of human traffickers who often do not get convicted for their crimes. Siddharth

Kara is an affiliate of the Human Rights and Social Movements program and a fellow with the

Carr Center Program on Human Trafficking and Modern Day Slavery at the Harvard Kennedy

School of Government. She is very well equipped to inform readers on this subject, as she seems

to be quite the expert. I found this well written article on JSTOR which tends to have a record

known for providing readers with credible, impartial peer reviewed articles to refer to.

Manna, Nicole. “Efforts are exploding in North Carolina to stop human trafficking.”

EBSCOHost, Fayetteville Observer, The (NC).

http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=3&sid=1162f97c-8b95-470f-a33b-27

caa6238508%40sessionmgr103&hid=130&bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPWlwLGN1c3R1aW

QmY3VzdGlkPXM4NDU1ODYxJnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#A

N=2W63790037412&db=n5h
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This article shows the abundance of the issue of human trafficking in Fayetteville. Many

people have come together on this day to stop human trafficking in North Carolina. Some of

these important people attending this event include, Jane Jackson, the Deputy Criminal Chief for

the Violent Crimes Section of the U.S. Attorney's Office Eastern District of North Carolina, and

U.S. Attorney General Loretta Lynch. The Fayetteville Observer is an online database that writes

news articles centered around the city of Fayetteville NC. This is a slightly biased source because

the people interviewed and the event is strongly correlated with citizens personally fighting

human trafficking in North Carolina.

“North Carolina” ​State, National Human Trafficking Hotline.

https://humantraffickinghotline.org/state/north-carolina​. 30 September 2016.

This assessment of the rate of calls for human trafficking in North Carolina show that

human trafficking is a great issue that should be addressed immediately as we are number 10 for

the highest human trafficking rates in the United States according to the National Human

Trafficking Hotline. This online database is very credible and unbiased because it simply shows

the statistics of how many calls have been reported and how many human trafficking cases have

been reported in the last year. The organization is dedicated to helping rescue and rehabilitate

victims of human trafficking. Their website does a great job of being impartial. Since they only

give the facts and statistics it leaves the audience to come to a conclusion themselves.
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“Prevention” ​Human trafficking and migrant smuggling, United Nations Office on Drugs and

Crime. ​https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/human-trafficking/prevention.html

This article on Preventing human trafficking and human smuggling is very useful because

in order to properly engage and inform the reader the article starts off by giving two examples

about how two individuals got into situations regarding human trafficking and smuggling. The

author then goes into detail about how these individuals were predated by these criminals and

lured into their trap. The article informs the readers on how to avoid these situations and how to

take their part in preventing human trafficking. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime

(UNODC) is a global leader in the fight against illicit drugs and international crime. They are

credible because the organization is responsible for assisting to prevent and stop illegal actions

involving drugs and crime from happening within the United Nations. The article that they wrote

is credible because they give facts that explain where the most common of these crimes take

place and why, also it explains what they are doing to assess and stop in from happening in the

future.

Senate Bill 683 / S.L. 2013-368, Safe Harbor/Victims of Human Trafficking. North Carolina

General Assembly. ​http://www.ncleg.net/Sessions/2013/Bills/Senate/PDF/S683v7.pdf

This Senate Bill provides a safe haven for victims of human trafficking. It makes it so

that there is more punishment on the sex traffickers and purchasers while the minors who are

involved are treated as the victims that they are. This is an absolute credible source because it is
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a bill that has been passed by the senate of North Carolina that is in place for it’s citizens to

follow.