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Selection Of Crane Duty Motors (on photo: Electric wire rope hoist for LNG (liquified natural gas)
- STAHL CraneSystems GmbH by DirectIndustry)

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Squirrel Cage Crane Duty Motors

Slip ring and Wound Rotor Crane Duty Motors

The crane motors are duty type rated for developing high starting torque with
low starting current. The motors are designed to withstand stresses due to
frequent starts/stops and reversals. Also, a rapid acceleration is achieved by
high pull out torque/rotor inertia ratio.

The crane duty motors are specially designed to offer

on the cranes and hoists.

These motors may also be used for similar applications such as

material handling, sluice operation on , and in
as auxiliary motors or wherever operating drives are required for
intermittent services.

The crane duty motors should generally comply with Indian Standards
provided in below:

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IS:1231-1974 Dimension of Three Phase Foot For dimensions

Mounted Induction Motors of motor
IS :2223-1983 Dimension of Flange Mounted AC For dimensions
Induction Motors motor
IS:325-1996 Three Phase Induction Motors – For specification
Specification and performance
of motor
IS:1271-985 Specification for Thermal Evaluation For insulation of
and Classification of stator and rotor
Electrical Insulation windings
IS:12824-1989 Types of Duty and Classes of For duty class
Rating Assigned to rotating and assigned
Electrical Machines rating for motors
IS:4691-1985 Degrees of Protection Provided by For protection to
Enclosures for Rotating Electric enclosures
Machines
IS:6362-1995 Designation of Methods of Cooling For cooling of
for Rotating Electrical Machines motors
IS:2253-1974 Designations for Types of For type of
Construction and mounting
Mounting Arrangements of Rotating and frame size
Electrical Machines
IS:12065-1987 Permissible Limits of Noise Levels For noise level
for Rotating Electrical Machines
IS:12075-1987 Mechanical Vibration of Rotating For vibration
Electrical Machines with Shaft level
Heights 56 mm and Higher –
Measurement, Evaluation and
Limits of Vibrations Severity
IS:4029-1967 Guide for Testing of Three Phase For testing of
Induction Motors motors

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overhead Travelling Cranes and understanding

Gantry Cranes other than requirements of
Steelworks Cranes cranes

In accordance with the provisions made in the applicable Indian Standard,

the motors should be able to perform satisfactorily for the power supply
parameters, site conditions and insulation class as provided in ,
unless specific parameters are furnished.

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with permissible
variation
Supply frequency 50 Hz + 5%
with permissible
variation
Combined ±10% (absolute sum)
voltage and
frequency
variation
Unbalance Standard motors capable to operate under unbalance
supply conditions, wherein negative and zero
sequence voltage components not to exceed
individually 2% of positive phase sequence
component
Ambient -10°C to 40°C
temperature
Altitude Up to 1000 m
Humidity Up to 100%
Insulation Class “F” in Squirrel cage motors
Class “F/F” for both stator and rotor in slip ring
motors

The rated output of motor specified by the vendor is generally at

. For temperatures other than 40°C,
40°C, a duration fact or
should be applied as indicated .

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45°C 0.95
50°C 0.88
55°C 0.83
60°C 0.75

The as
follows are more or less similar to that are found in the standard continuous
duty motors.

Material and construction of stator frame and end shields

Material and construction of stator and rotor cores
Bearings at non-drive and drive ends
Material of construction of shaft
Earthing to stator frame and terminal box
Mounting of motor – foot mounted or flange mounted
Material, construction and position of terminal box

he motor rating should be decided based on its thermal capability taking

into consideration few or all factors listed hereunder as per duty
requirements.

Optimised nos. of starts and frequency of starts for all the motors
should be specified for the design purpose ( );
Percentage of time during each operating cycle the motor is
energised, i.e. Cyclic duty factor ( );

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correctly based on exact operational requirements of cranes. The

number and type of cycle per hour should be ( ) should
be considered;

t is vital to specify the correctly calculated for

crane duty motors. Calculations for deriving CDF for type duty S3, S4 and
S5 are given in succeeding paragraphs for reference.

he motors should have higher than normal pullout torques. As the motors
are supposed to experience large no. of starts, it is necessary that the
accelerating time of the system should be as small as possible. The higher
pull out torque ensures rapid acceleration irrespective of drop in effective
torque due to stepped rotor resistance.

Moreover for minimizing acceleration time, total inertia of the system,

comprising of moment of inertia of motor plus moment of inertia of load,
should be minimum.

he torque available from the motor varies as the square of the motor
terminal voltage, an allowance for voltage drop in long cables, live rails
and collectors must be considered. The voltage drop is significant when the
motor is operated at pull out torque point, since current at this point is much
higher than the rated current.

he motors should be able to withstand 1.5 times the rated current for 2
minutes without suffering damage. This feature makes the motor suitable
for intermittent and severe duties experienced on the crane or similar
applications.

ll 4, 6, 8, and 10 pole motors should be designed for withstanding an

overspeed of 2.5 times rated synchronous speed or minimum 2000 rpm,
whichever is less.

he squirrel cage motors should be provided single cylindrical shaft

extension and the wound rotor ( ) motors should be provided
double cylindrical shaft extension.

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thermosetting varnish insulation. In stringent cases, Class ‘H’ insulation

may also be considered.

Additionally, the rotor windings should be braced with resin-glass banding to

give protection against centrifugal forces experienced by overhang during
overspeed and frequent reversals. Gel-coat may be painted on the winding
overhang for better consolidation and protection from vibration.

ize of the terminal box should be adequate for to facilitate splitting of

power cables cores and terminate comfortably. In slip ring motors, the
cables for main power supply and from slip rings are usually accommodated
in the same terminal box for simplifying wiring and maintenance.

Hence in case of slip ring as well as squirrel cage motors, if required, the
cable box size may be increased by providing an attachment of cable splitter
box ( ) to the main terminal box.

he rotors of squirrel cage and wound rotor motors should be dynamically

balanced to ensure lowest possible vibration.

t should be preferred to use the in the wound rotor

motors. PVC or plastic fans are likely to be deformed due to high
temperature in housing due to slip rings and get damaged.

s the motor would generate more heat due to intermittent switching

operations, the painting should be heat resistant, specifically able to
withstand higher temperatures.

he standard crane duty motors should be provided

. The cooling code of motor should be IC411
as per IS:6362.

he insulation resistance of the slip-ring unit should be high enough

ensuring minimum wear and breakdown. The brush holders, made as a
complete unit, should be easily replaceable. The slip-ring should be large
enough to encounter starting currents and for proper installation of brushes in
slip ring motors.

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For higher rated would rotor motors, separate disc should be provide
between the slip-ring and rotor windings to prevent ingress of carbon dust
from brushes into windings.

1. Efficient Electric Motor Systems Handbook, by Todd Litmann

2. IS:12824-1989; Types of Duty and Classes of Rating Assigned to
Rotating Electrical Machines
3. The Technical Literature of Indian Motor Manufacturers

Working as Electrical Engineering Consultant located at Vadodara, India

providing System Design & Engineering services to various industries,
possessing 40 years of experience in diversified industries and consultancy.

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