Te where: V [=] volt [V] P [=| wate [W] 1[=] amperes [A] T [=| kelvin per mole [Kimol] (a) What are the fundamental dimensions of 8? () What are the fundamental dimensions of 7? 39. A dust collection system operates using the following equation: vWL @ whore: ¥ = fluid velocity [=] meters per second [m/s] W = duct with [=] inches fin] a L = duct length [=] fet [tt] Q = volumetric Rowrate | ons per minute [gal/min or gpm] Use the equation and fundamental dimensions to determine the unknown quantity, é. s (A) Area [=] (B) Efficiency | (© Gravity {=} L (D) Inverse tim (©) Length (F) Mass [=] M (G) Temperature |=) © (BD Viscosity (=) ML 40. Determine ifthe following expression is a valid equation Inere: = thermal conductivity [=] watts per meter kelvin [Wi(m K)] T= fuid temperature [=] degrees Farenheit [°F] 1. = dynamic viseosty [=] grams per centimeter second [pi(ems)] locity [=] feet per minute [flmin} The largest hailstone is the United States was 44 centimeters [em] in circumference in Coffeyville, Kansas. What isthe diameter of the spherical hailstone in units of inches {in} 42. ‘The largest halstone is the United States was 44.5 centimeters (em in circumference in eyvlle, Kansas. What isthe volume of the spherical hailstone in units of liters [L]? 443, How large a surface area in units of square feet [f°] will | gallon {gal} of paint cover if we sat of paint that is 0.1 centimeter [em] thick? 444, How large a surface area in units of square feet [EF] will 1 gallon [gal] of paint cover if we ly a coat of paint that i 0.1 inches [in] thick? 10 gallons (gal. If two sides of the box measure 2.4 meters [mi] by fect [ft], what is the length of the third sie of the box in units of inehes fin}?CHAPTER 8 REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. The National Football League specifies that all footballs must be Wilson brand. Wilson footballs are manufactured in Ada, Ohio, to very strict criteria. The tear strength of the interior bladder, made of urethane. is 192.2 kilonewtons per meter [kNim]. Convert this te strength measurement into nits of pound-force per inch [Ibjin} 2. space probe is built with a mass of 1700 pound-mass [Ib,} before launch on Earth. The probe is powered by four ion thrusters, each capable of generating 225 millinewtons {mN Of thrust, Using Newton's second law, the acceleration (a) of the craft is equal to the force (F) divided by the mass (my F The velocity () of an abject inereases as an abject accelerates. If the object stats at rest the final velocity is given by the acceleration multiplied by the length of time is applied tothe objec (0): Ft Using this equation, how many weeks will the thrusters have to operate for the p initially at rest, to reach a velocity of 420 miles per minute [mi/min]? You ma inital velocity ofthe probe is zero miles per minute [0 min AA person who has weight of 165 pound-force [Ih] on Earth is travelling to M craft. As long as the engines on the spacecraft ate not operating, the person is weightless during the voyage. During a course correction, the s acceleration of 0,72 g. The term “g” is the Earth-norinal ina space Second squared [mis] This acceleration makes it fel like there is gravity in the s and the person will have a perceived weight dui the acceleration period, rather feeling weightless What isthe person's mass, in units of ki while travelling to Mars when the engines are not runnin ‘ A person who has a weight of 165 pound: force [Ib] on Earth is rave erat. As long as the engines on the spacccraft are not Weightless during the voyage. During a course correction, the spacecraft und acecleration of 0.72 g, The term “g” is the Earth-normal sravi Second squared [mis']. This acceleration makes it fel like there is xray tnd the person will have a perceived weight during the acceleration feeling weightless. What isthe person’s perceived weight in un 0urBe correction while the engines are runnin IB. A person who hasa weight of 165 pound:force [lh on Eat | Galt. As long. as the engines on the spacverat “weightless during the voys ae ation of 0.72 "x""The term “pis the Fath-nor nd squared [mis] This acceleration make Person will have a perceived weight x60 Chapter 8 UNIVERSAL UNITS. 6. The European Space Agency launched a probe called Rosetta in March 2004, In August 2014, Rosetta reached its destination: a comet called 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, Rosetta is the first spacecraft o rendezvous with a comet. The Rosetta has a launch mass on Earth of 3000 kilograms (kg). In order to escape Earth's gravity, the spacecraft must accelerate at a rate of 25,000 miles per hour square [mim], How much thrust, in units of newtons [N], must the engines provide to reach this acceleration 7. The European Space Ageney launch Rosetta reached its first spacecraft to re da probe called Rosetta in March 2004. In August 2014, ‘Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Rosetta is th ander craft, called Phila ination: a comet called 6; dezvous with a comet. I contained a ‘The Rosetta has a launch mass on Earth of 3000 kilograms [kg] and the Phila Taunch mass of 220 pound-mass [Ib, } In order to escape Earth's gravity, the combined raft must accelerate at a rate of 25,000 miles per hour squared [mi/h’]. How much thrust Units of newtons [N]. must the engines provide to reach this acceleration? 8. The European Space Agency launched a probe called Rosetta in March 2004. In August 201 Rosetta reached its destination: a comet called 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, Rosetta is th first spacecraft to rendezvous with a comet. It contained a lander craft, called Philae The Philae has a launch mass of 220 pound-mass (Ib, . If the Philae was dep of the lander be a avity of Mars is 3.71 m Mars instead of Comet 67P. what would the w Martian surface, in units of pound-force (1b)? The squared {mils |. The European Space Agency launched a probe called Rosetta in March 2004. [n August 2 Rosetta reached its destination: a comet called 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Ros first spacecraft to rendezvous with a comet. It contained ror. le The Philae has several scientific instruments onboard, used to study th is an ultraviolet imaging spectrograph, used to search for F MIRO measures microwave emissions in an attempt to measure s tnia, or carbon dioxide. MIDAS is a dust analysis instrument, whic from the comet ‘Complete the table by determining the required information about these ins hat you do not need to complete the entire table, just the values indicated Comet 67P is estimated at | millimeter per second squared [mnvs']. The N i meters per second squared [11/s"] kal Weight on Ib Mars Comet 67P_— Earth Mars Comet 67P (a a } @ Gf approximately 624 grams [g} anc! a volun usketball in units of slug per gatlon | \ 4 X Q X X Ng x K gq X RHQ ¢ CRAKEREVIEW QUESTIONS — 261 11. A website you discover lists the density of a plastic as 298 pound-mass per gallon [Ih, eal Which isa very strange way to list the density ofa solid, State the specific gravity ofthe plas 12. Consider the following strange, but true, units: 1 peck = 9fiters [L] mass of approximately 624 erams [g] and a volume of 0.25 eubie feet [t) mine the density of the basketball in units of arroba per peck Larroba = 115 kilograms [k 48. Consider the following strange, but true, units: Lbatman = 3 kilograms {ks} [hogshead = 63 gallons [gal] A basketball has a mass of approximately 62. ims [2] and a volume of 0.25 cubic feet [f Determine the density ofthe basketball in units of hatman per hogshead 14. A cube of material X, 1 inch [in] on al sides, has a mass of 0.05 kil the specific gravity of material X 15. The density of gasoline is 0.72 grams per cubic centimeter [glem’], What is the mass in units of kilograms [kg] of a 5-gal mass ofthe container. [gal] container filled mmpletely with gasoline? Ignore the 46. The Feo-Marathon is an ann al competition sponsored by Shell Oil, in which participants build special vehicles to achieve the highest possible fuel efficiency. The Eco-Marathy held around the world with events in the United Kingdom, Finland, France, Holland, Japen, and the United States. A world record was set in Eco Marathon by a French team in 2003 called Microjou! with a performance of 10,705 miles per gallon [m the ears are given 100 grams [g] of ethanol (specif runs out, how far did the Microjoule drive in kilometers [km] I]. The Microjoule runs on u | FA spaceship has a mass of 3,250,000 metric tons. One metric ton is 1,000 kile this ship landed on Planet Z with a gravity of 14 meters pet second squared [m/s], w the weight of the ship in units of newtons [N] on Planet Z? Express the answers us Appropriate SI prefix such that there are only one, wo, or three digits shown to th the decimal Becer is also called “association football” A soccer ball is a sphere, with @ circumfere M0 centimeters fem]. In developing a new material to use for a soccer ball when NAS apts to colonize Mars, you testa material witha specific grav Ass 4a solid sphere made from this material, What is the weight i a fon Mars? Recall gravity on Mars is 3.7 meters per second Mthe circumference ofa circle is equal 10 the diameter surface of Jupiter's moon Callisto has a volume o the rod in units of pound-force {Ib}. The specitic tion on Callisto i 1.25 meters per second s ee Agency launched a probe called Ros ination: a come called 67P/Chury with a comet Ie contained eral sciemtilic instruments onboar . ng spectrograph, uses to search for noble gases Potassium bromise aso johas a specific gravity ot onboard that ills» 1.25-yat ple in the container, in units262 Chapter 8 UNIVERSAL UNITS 21. One area of concern in athletics is the use of steroids One anabolic steroid called tetrahy. drogestrinone or THG has been in the news for several years due to the popularity of the drug among athletes THG has a molecular mass of 312.5 grams per mole [a/mol].A test is being developed to determine if an athlete has used THG. The detection limit is 2 nano: grams per milliliter [ngimL]. In a sample of 005 titers [L], how many moles {mol} of THG. ‘ist be present to surpass the detection limit? Place your answer in scientific notation, with the form Z.27. x 10% 22, When an object is made of the plastic polyester (PET), it uses antimony as a catalyst, After production, antimony can leach into food and drink stored in PET containers. Usually, if stored correctly for a short amount of time, the amount of antimony found in liquids is well below the safety limits. However, there have been reports of as much as 44.7 micrograms per liter [y/L} of antimony found in fruit juice concentrates, How much antimony, in units Cf moles {mol}, could be found in one gallon [gal] of fruit juice concentrate at this level of contamination? The molecular mass of antimony i 12.76 grams per mole [mol] 23. The largest temperature decline during a 1 day (24 hour) time period was 56 degrees Celsius [°C] in Browning, Montana, Express this as degrees Fahrenheit per minute ['F/min} 24, Itwe increase the temperature in a reactor by 90 degrees Fahrenheit [°F], how many de Celsius [°C] will the temperature increase? 25. We are making temperature with both Fahrenheit and Celsius thermometers. The Fahrenheit meter regis ters 110 degrees Fahrenheit [°F], but you prefer to it to be slightly hotter at 119 degrees Fahrenheit [°F], so we heat it up a litte, How much will the Celsius thermometer inerease when we make this change? cup of coffee and want the temperature to be just right, so we measure the 26. We want to construct a thermometer using mercury. As the mercury in the bulb is heated. expands and moves up the thin capil the coefficient of volume expansion of a substance due to a temperature increase is 8. It is used in the following equation: ry tube connected to the bulb. The symbol used for AV = aVv(aT Here, AV is the increase in volume, V is the original volume, and AT is the temperat increase. The value of B for mercury is L8 x 10" [I/degree Celsius}. If the bully 0.2 milliliters [mL] and the tube has a diameter of 0.2 millimeters [mm], how much mercury rise in the tube in units of centimeters [em] if we increase the tempers 30 degrees Fahrenheit (°F] t0 70 degrees Fahrenheit [°F]? TA *normal” blood pressure has a gauge pressure of 120 millimeters of merce “Gisiolic reading) over 80 millimeters of mercury fmm Ha} (diastolic woud 20 millimeters of mercury into units of pound-foree per square inch [Ib, i force on the inside of a cork in a champagne bottle is 10 pound-foree leal cork has a diameter of 0.5 inches {in}, what is the pressure inside the b Surface of the cork in units of feet of water [ft HO}? National Academy of Engineering Grand Chatlenges on Sequestration Methods. The NAF detines casts ide produced by burning fossil fuels and st 2 The most promising storage location is undersro mations. You are assigned to develop instrumen formation, located 800 meters [m| deep. Assur ount Of pressure to the amount of hydrostatic {nm} high column of brine, with « specitic in Units Of atmospheres [atm], must the in30. REVIEW QUESTIONS 263 A new gel is being developed to use inside padding and helmets to cushion the body from impacts. The gel is stored in a 4.1 cubic meters [m'] cylindrical tank with a diameter of 2 meters [m].‘The tank is pressurized to 1.3 atmosphere [atm] of surface pressure to prevent evaporation. A total pressure probe located at the bottom of the tank reads 60 feet of wate {1 H,0]. What is specific gravity of the gel contained in the tank? A 2-liter [L] soda bottle, made of PET, will fail at approximately 150 pound-force per square inch [psi] of pressure. If you were to dive straight down into the ocean with a liter (L] bottle, at what depth in units of feet [ft] would the bottle fail? Assume the specific gravity of ocean water is 1.025 2. A storage tank is being designed for iodine. The storage tank is to be spherical and will withstand a maximum hydrostatic pressure of 1375 millimeters of mercury [mm He]. What is the diameter of the tank in meters [m]? The density of iodine is 5010 kilograms per cubic meter [kg/m’] 3. The specific gravity of honey is 1.43. A cylindrical container of honey 10 feet [ft] d inside a dome pressurized to a surface pressure of 0.06 atmospheres [atm] on the sui of Pluto, The total pressure at the bottom of the container is 67 millimeters of [mm Hg]. What is the gravitational acceleration of Pluto, in units of meters squared [mis"}? |. NASA is designing a mission to explore Titan, the largest moon of Saturn. Titan has ‘ous hydrocarbon lakes containing a mix of liquid methane and liquid ethane proportions. As part of the mission, a small submersible vehicle will explore Kraken the largest of these lakes. Assuming the maximum depth of Kraken Mar 400 meters [m], how much total pressure in units of atmospheres [atm] must ble be designed to withstand” Assume the surface pressure on Titan is 147 kilop: the surface temperature is 94 kelvins [K], and the gravity is 1.35 meters per secon [mist]. The specific gravity of liquid methane is 0.415 and the specific gravity of li is 0.546, Airspeed (v) is related to dynamic pressure using the following formu Determine the dynamic pressure, in units of paseals [Pal, for an aircratt mov Speed of 600 miles per hour {mi/h or mph}. Air has a specific gravity of ( B When a flowing fluid is stopped, its pressure increases This is tation pressure is determined by: P,. ithe fluid velocity, and P_, the atmospheric pressure ¢ ff atmospheres [aim] for acetone flowing a the specific gravity of acetone is 0.785 [LJ flask contains 5 moles {mol} of pas a {emperature in the flask in units of k footballs uses a proprict temperature of 230 grams [2] 0! sprees Rankine [°R] and the tank hat is the molecular weight o! atmospheres {atm} sv ontaine, in woits (oF 100,000 cubic \ 97 grams per mole [y/o] « Wweight in units of pound