MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS OF RA 9003

OR ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE

MANAGEMENT ACT OF 2000

DUMPSITE CLOSURE AND SANITARY

LANDFILLING

Engr. Eli T. Ildefonso, MPA, MEMD

Deputy Executive Director, NSWMC Secretariat
 OUTLINE  
•  1.  Defini1on  of  Sanitary  Landfill  
•  2.  Cross-­‐sec1on  of  SLF  
•  3.  Categories  of  SLF  
•  4.  Basis  of  Categoriza1on  of  SLF  
•  5.  Guidelines,  Standard  and  Criteria  in  si1ng,  and  
designing  SLF  
•  6.  Opera1ng  Measures  
•  7.  Key  elements  in  the  Closure  and  Rehabilita1on  of  
Disposal  Facili1es  
•  8.  Components  of  Closure  and  Rehabilita1on  Plan  
•  9.  Conclusion  
 SANITARY  LANDFILL  
Sanitary  landfilling  is  a  method  of  disposing  the  
wastes  on  land,  by  which  the  wastes  are  
compacted  and  covered  at  the  end  of  each  day.  
The  design  and  opera1on  of  which  requires  the  
use  of  several  disciplines.    Its  establishment  would  
also  require  a  certain  amount  of  planning  as  well  
as  the  construc1on  of  roadways  and  other  
infrastructure.  U.S.  Environmental  Protec1on  
Agency  (EPA),  defined  it  as  an  engineered  method  
of  disposing  solid  waste  on  land.    
 General  Cross-­‐Sec.on  of  a  Sanitary  Landfill  
Gas-­‐Monitoring  
Groundwater  
Monitoring  
Soil  Cover  

Max.  Fill  
 compacted  
Depth  
   S  o  l  i  d    W  a  s  t  e   to  water  
10  m  
   treatment  
Gravel  
Leachate    
Liner  
Clay  Liner  
At  least  2  m  
Leachate  pipes  to  waste  treatment  

Groundwater  
Minimum  Features  For  Disposal  Category  Levels  
 
    Category  4  
Category  1   Category  2   Category  3    
Features         >  200  tpd  
≤  15  tpd   >  15  tpd,  ≤   >  75  tpd,  ≤  
75  tpd   200  tpd  

Daily  &  
Intermediate   X   X   X   X  
Soil  Cover  
Embankment/  
X   X   X   X  
Cell  Separa.on  
Drainage  Facility   X   X   X   X  
 
Gas  Ven.ng   X   X   X   X  
 
Minimum  Features  For  Disposal  Category  Levels  
   
Category  1   Category  2   Category  3   Category  4  
Features          
≤  15  tpd   >  15  tpd,  ≤     >  75  tpd,  ≤   >  200  tpd  
75  tpd   200  tpd  
 
Leachate  
x   x   x   x  
Collec+on  
 
Combina1on  
Leachate   Pond   Pond   Pond   of  physical,  
Treatment   System   system   System   biological  &  
chemical  
Leachate   At  a  later   At  a  later   At  a  later  
Re-­‐ stage  of   stage  of   stage  of   Treatment  
circula+on   opera1on   opera1on   opera1on  
 Minimum  Features  For  Disposal  Category  Levels  
Category  2   Category  3  
Category  1   Category  4  
Features   >  15  tpd,  ≤  75   >  75  tpd,  ≤  
≤  15  tpd   >  200  tpd  
tpd   200  tpd  
At  least  60  cm  
At  least  75  cm  
thick,  
thick,    
Clay  liner   permeability  
permeability    
of  10-­‐5  cm  /  
of  10-­‐6  cm/sec  
sec  
Clay  liner  at  
Clay  liner  at   least  75  cm  
least  75  cm   thick  with  a  
thick  with  a   permeabilit
Liner   permeability   y  of  10-­‐7  
Clay  liner   of  10-­‐7  cm/ cm/sec  or  
and/or   sec  or  1.5   1.5  mm  
synthe1c   HDPE  over   HDPE  over  
liner   60  cm  clay   60  cm  clay  
with   with  
permeability   permeabilit
no  less  than   y  no  less  
10-­‐6  cm/sec   than  
10-­‐7cm/sec  
 Disposal Category 1
Daily and Gas Venting
intermediate
soil cover Leachate
Recirculation
Perimeter
Pump
Embankment Fence
Pond System
Drainage Facility

60cm thick soil layer

•  Cell Separation System for inert and stable residual waste

•  Leachate collection pipes and re-circulation system be provided at the
later stage of operation
•  soil liner/layer with permeability of 10-5 cm/sec
 Disposal Category 2
Daily and Gas Venting
intermediate
soil cover Leachate
Recirculation
Perimeter
Pump
Embankment Fence
Pond System
Drainage Facility

75cm thick soil layer

•  Cell Separation System for inert and stable residual waste

•  Leachate collection pipes and re-circulation system be provided at the
later stage of operation
•  Soil liner/layer with permeability of 10-6 cm/sec
 Disposal Category 3
Daily and Gas Venting
intermediate
soil cover Leachate
Recirculation
Perimeter
Pump
Embankment Fence
Pond System
Drainage Facility

75cm thick clay liner

•  Cell Separation System for inert and stable residual waste
•  Leachate collection pipes and re-circulation system be provided
at the later stage of operation
•  Soil liner/layer with permeability of 10-7 cm/sec or an HDPE Liner (1.5mm thickness)
over a 60cm thick clay layer with permeability of 10-6 cm/sec
 Disposal Category 4
Daily and Gas Venting
intermediate
soil cover Leachate
Recirculation Perimeter
Pump Fence
Embankment
Leachate
Drainage Facility Treatment

75cm thick clay liner

•  Cell Separation System for inert and stable residual waste

•  Leachate treatment will be a combination of physical, biological and chemical
•  clay liner/layer with permeability of 10-7 cm/sec or an HDPE Liner (1.5mm thickness)
over a 60cm thick clay layer with permeability of 10-7 cm/sec
 Basis  for  the  Categorized  Disposal  

•  Consistent   with   the   objec1ves   of   Sec1ons   37,   40,  

41   and   42   of   Act   which   respec1vely   refer   to   the  
Closure   of   Open   Dumps,   Criteria   for   Si1ng,  
Establishment   and   the   Opera1on   of   Sanitary  
Landfills  
 
•  The   development   requirements   is   ra1onalized  
based  on  the  net  residual  waste  genera1on  of  the  
LGUs  
 Guidelines,  Standards  and  
Criteria  in  Si1ng  and  Designing  
Sanitary  Landfills  
 
Guidelines,  Standards  and  Criteria  in  si1ng  and  
Designing  Sanitary  Landfills:  
1.  Loca1on  of  facility  consistent  with  overall  
land  use  plan;  
2.  Site  is  accessible  from  major  roadways  and  
thoroughfares;  
3.  Site  shall  have  adequate  quan1ty  of  earth  
cover  materials;  
4.  Site  is  not  located  within  2  kms  of  an  airport  
runway,  since  this  pose  a  bird  hazard  to  
aircraes  
Guidelines,  Standards  and  Criteria  in  si1ng  and  
Designing  Sanitary  Landfills:  

5.      Loca1on  of  public  water  supply  intakes  located  

within  one  (1)  km  from  the  facility,  shall  be  shown
on  a  facility  map;  
6.  Facility  is  not  constructed  within  75  meters  from  
known  recent  ac1ve  fault;  
7.  If  significant  archeological  and  cultural  resources  
are  present  at  the  site,  such  resources  shall  be  
protected  and  preserved;  
8.  If  site  is  a  habitat  of  listed  endangered  species,  
mi1ga1on  measures  for  protec1on  of  the  species  
shall  be  included;  
 Guidelines,  Standards  and  Criteria  in  si1ng  
and  Designing  Sanitary  Landfills:  
9.  Site  is  chosen  with  regard  to  the  sensi1vi1es  of  
the  residents;  
10.  Leachate    collec1on  and  removal  system  shall  
be  provided  
11.  Leachate  storage  facili1es  provided  with  
containment  system  to  prevent  leachate  from  
spillage  and  its  migra1on;  
12.  Land  fills  shall  be  provided  with  base  liner  
system  consis1ng  of  clay  and/or  geo-­‐synthe1c  
membranes;  

 
 Guidelines,  Standards  and  Criteria  in  si1ng  
and  Designing  Sanitary  Landfills:  
13.  Site  located  in  area  where  the  landfill’s  
opera1on  will  not  detrimentally  affect  
environmentally  sensi1ve  resources;  
14.  Design  of  the  landfill  shall  be  sta1cally  stable;  
15.  Separa1on  of  at  least  2  meters  shall  be  
maintained  between  top  of  the  liner  system  and  
underlying  groundwater;  
16.  Temporary  impoundment  for  drainage  run-­‐off  
shall  be  provided;  
 Guidelines,  Standards  and  Criteria  in  si1ng  
and  Designing  Sanitary  Landfills:  
17.  Site  shall  be  large  enough  to  accommodate  the  
community’s  waste  for  a  period  of  five  (5)  
years;  
18.  Site  chosen  shall  facilitate  developing  a  landfill  
that  will  sa1sfy  budgetary  constraints;  
19.  Opera1ng  plans  shall  include  provisions  for  
coordina1ng  with  recycling  and  resource  
recovery  projects;  
20.  Designa1on  of  a  separate  containment  area  for  
household  hazardous  wastes;  
 Guidelines,  Standards  and  Criteria  in  si1ng  
and  Designing  Sanitary  Landfills:  

21.  Gas  control  system  shall  be  provided  when  the  

volume  of  waste  in  the  landfill  has  reached  0.5  
million  metric  tons;  
22.  Groundwater  monitoring  wells  shall  be  placed  
at  appropriate  loca1ons  and  depth;  
23.  Soil  Cover  shall  consist  of  at  least  6  inches  in  
thickness  applied  at  the  end  of  each  workday;  
24.  Closure  of  the  landfill  shall  be  completed  within  
one  (1)  year  of  cessa1on  of  landfill  opera1on;  
Post-­‐closure  care  shall  be  for  a  periods  fieeen  
(15)  years  
 Opera1onal  Measures  
•  Provision  for  an  impermeable  liner  
•  Daily  applica1on  of  soil  cover  
•  Installa1on  of  diversion  canals  for  run-­‐off’s  
•  Upstream  and  downstream  groundwater  
monitoring  wells    
•  Fill  sequence  plan  
•  Due  diligence  in  the  transport  of  wastes  
 Opera1onal  Measures  
•  Promo1on  of  recovery  schemes  for  
recyclables  and  reusables  
•  Scheduled  waste  picking  schedules  
•  Conduct  of  periodic  compliance  
monitoring  
•  Implementa1on  of  informa1on  campaign  
Perimeter  Fence  
Preven1ng  Waste  Liiering  
Site  Survey  
Applica1on  of  Soil  Cover  
Drainage  System   Leachate  Collec1on  Pipe  
Leachate  Collec1on  Pond   Gas  Collec1on  Pipe  
Access  Roads  to  Disposal  Site  
Groundwater  Monitoring  
Waste/Slope  Stabiliza1on  
Compaction & Soil Cover
Leachate Treatment
Perforated  Pipe  with  stone  
band  filter  
Degassing Facility
 Why  Landfill?  
•  Impossible  to  envision  the  scenario  of  zero  
waste;  
•  Waste  will  con1nue  to  be  generated  and  
con1nue  to  grow  with  increasing  economic  
development  and  rising  standards  of  living;  and  
•  Waste  cannot  be  eliminated  in  its  en1rety  with  
current  technology  (4Rs)  and  available  
resources;  and  
•  Even  with  intensive  efforts,  significant  
quan11es  of  waste  s1ll  go  to  landfills  
 Key  Elements  in  the  Rehabilita1on  and  
Closure  of  Disposal  Facili1es  
•  Land  Use  Plan  
–  Eco-­‐Parks  
–  Recrea1on  Area  
•  Applica1on  of  Final  Cover  
–  Final  and  impervious  layer  of  clay  or  synthe1c  material    
–  Grading  of  the  final  cover  
–  Prevent  escape  of  gas  underneath  
–  Reduce  infiltra1on  of  water  into  landfill  cells  
–  Prevent  the  prolifera1on  of  pests  and  vermins  
–  Vegeta1on  to  control  erosion  
•  Drainage  System  
–  Surface  water  intercep1on  ditches  
–  Underdrain  system  to  intercept  groundwater  flows    
 Key  Elements  in  the  Rehabilita1on  and  
Closure  of  Disposal  Facili1es  
•  Leachate  Management  
–  Canals  and  ditches  to  intercept  leachate  on  the  
surface  
–  interceptor  trench  for  leachate  below  ground  
–  Leachate  collec1on  and  treatment  pond  
–  Regular  water  test/analysis  
•  Gas  Management  
–  Installa1on  of  landfill  gas  collec1on    
–  Containment  engineering  (lateral  and  capping)  to  
retard  gas  migra1on  
–  Landfill  gas  extrac1on  when  necessary  
 Key  Elements  in  the  Rehabilita1on  and  
Closure  of  Disposal  Facili1es  
•  Security  Fence  
–  Access  restric1on  from  unauthorized  personnel/
individuals  
•  Environmental  Monitoring  
–  Surface  water  
–  Groundwater  
–  Leachate  
–  Landfill  gas  
–  Air  Quality  
–  Noise  
 CONCLUSION  
•  The  final  considera1on  in  any  solid  waste  
management  system  is  the  manner  by  which  
.    
      waste  is  ul1mately  disposed  of.  In  most  cases  
 
once  solid  waste  has  been  disposed  of,  any  
further  recovery  of  materials  and/or  energy  
becomes  prohibi1vely  expensive,  if  not  en1rely  
impossible  to  carry  out.  Hence,  recovery  must  
be  considered  prior  to  the  implementa1on  of  
final  waste  deposi1on  
 Thank  You!  
Office  of  the  Secretariat  
Na.onal  Solid  Waste  Management  Commission                        
2nd  Flr.,  HRD  Bldg.,  DENR  Compound,  Visayas  Ave.,    Diliman,  
Quezon  City,  1116  
h>p://www.emb.gov.ph/nswmc  and  h>p://www.denr.gov.ph/nswmc  
(02)  9202252/  (02)  9202279)  
ecowaste@emb.gov.ph  or  nswmc2004@yahoo.com  
e1ldefonso@yahoo.com