1. Shortly describe the structure of a hard disk. Sketch the block and sector structure of a hard drive.

What
does the expression “seek time” and “latency time” describe?

Hard disk drive (HDD) is a data storage device used for storing and retrieving digital information using rapidly
rotating disks (platters) coated with magnetic material.

Hard disk structure

– Block, cylinder and sector structure

– Block contains 512 Byte (due to historical reasons)

• HDD Performance:

– Seek Time: Average -me to change from a random track to another track (3-12 msec)

– Latency Time: Time to mechanical change track, depends on rota-on speed, half period of rota-on (5-2 msec)

a) track
b) geometrical sector
c) track sector
d) cluster

b) A hard disk drive has the following specifications: 7500 RPM, 5ms Seek time, 60MB/s Transfer rate, Block model
size 8KB

latency time, transfer time and the total access time to read a single sector on the disk drive?

c) Give a short definition of cloud clients. Name the remaining cloud computing layers

2.

a) What is a DBMS and what is its function?

Database management systems (DBMS) are specially designed applications that interact with the user, other
applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze data. A general-purpose database management system
(DBMS) is a software system designed to allow the definition, creation, querying, update, and administration of
databases. (ex: MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, SAP, dBASE, FoxPro, IBM DB2)

§ Collection of programs

§ Enables users to create and maintain a database

b) Name two components of DBMS languages?

Data Manipulation Language (DML)

Data definition language (DDL)

- Storage definition language(SDL)

- view definition language(VDL)

c) Name the database connectivity system, which is used to execute SQL commands from Java code.

Java Database Connectivity (JDBC)

3. Relational Data Model

a) Explain the meaning of the expressions relation, by using a sample table. What is the meaning of rows?

In the context of a relational database, a row—also called a record or tuple—

represents a single, implicitly structured data item in a table.

b)What is the definition of cardinality? What does the degree of a relation denote? Give an example for a ternary
relation using an ERM diagram.

cardinality - Specifies max. number of relationship instances that entity can participate in

Degree of relationship- number of participating entity types. 2 entities - binary relationship. 3 entities - ternary
relationship and so on.

M:N:1 Ternary relationship

4.

a) Model a database for the administration of a container leasing company using an entity relationship diagram
including cardinalities. (15 points) A container leasing company (CLC) has a name and an address, as well as a unique
commercial register code (CRC) for identification. The CLC is organized in container leasing depots (CLD), which are
located at different harbors in different countries. The CLD have also an address in a country and a unique depot
number (depot_no). The depot maintains different CONTAINERS, which are characterized by container type and size.
Containers are identified by a unique container_no. Each depot has EMPLOYEES. An employee is characterized by
name, address and phone, and is identified by a social security number (SSN).

Assignment 5: Data Mining & Data Warehousing

a) Give a short definition of data mining.

computational process of discovering patterns in large data sets("big data") involving methods at the intersection
of artificial intelligence, machine learning, statistics, and database systems.

b) What is the purpose of a multi-dimensional data cube in a data warehouse? Explain the dimensions using an
example.
c) For what process does the abbreviation OLAP stand? Explain the process of slicing /dicing / drill down & pivoting
in a data cube.

An OLAP cube is a term that typical refers to multi-dimensional array of data.OLAP is an acronym for online
analytical processing,which is a computer-based technique of analyzing data to look for insights.

Slice is the act of picking a rectangular subset of a cube by choosing a single value for one of its dimensions,
creating a new cube with one fewer dimension.

Dice: The dice operation produces a subcube by allowing the analyst to pick specific values of multiple
dimensions.

Drill Down/Up allows the user to navigate among levels of data ranging from the most summarized (up) to the
most detailed (down).

Pivot allows an analyst to rotate the cube in space to see its various faces.