Unit II

• Circulation
– Types of Circulation
– Circulation with in Buildings
– Circulation patterns
• Building Entrance
SEQUENTIAL EXPERIENCE

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MORE ABOUT SEQUENTIAL EXPERIENCE

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 CIRCULATION – MOVEMENT THROUGH
SPACE

• CIRCULATION ELEMENTS

• APPROACH- the distant view

• ENTRANCE – from outside to inside
• CONFIGURATION OF THE PATH – the
sequence of spaces
• PATH SPACE RELATIONSHIPS – edges ,
nodes and termination of the path.
• FORM OF THE CIRCULATION SPACE –
corridors, halls, galleries, stairways and
rooms.
APPROACH

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ENTRANCE

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ENTRANCE

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2. About the Geometrical Description of Functional Spaces
2.4. Sequential Experience
2.4.3. CIRCULATION PATHS

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2. About the Geometrical Description of Functional Spaces
2.4. Sequential Experience
2.4.4. PATH-SPACE RELATIONSHIPS

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2. About the Geometrical Description of Functional Spaces
2.4. Sequential Experience
2.4.5. FORM OF CIRCULATION SPACE

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 Approach
FRONTAL –Leads directly to the entrance

OBLIQUE - entry at an angle.

SPIRAL – moving around its perimeter.

Frontal approach
 Villa stein – garches –france
spiral approach
Ar. Le corbusier
 Frontal approach
- Dunbar Free Library
Grantham, New Hampshire
Keith Dewey, Architect
Londonderry, VT
 Frontal approach-
engineering research center
Frontal approach – waterloo
university , canada
Carpenter center for visual arts –
le corbusier – oblique approach
Asiad games village –
Ar. Raj rewal
oblique approach
Philip johnson – glass house
oblique approach
 Kendall at Hanover
Hanover, NH
Perkins Eastman Architects PC – oblique approach
 Guggenheim museum , newyork
fl wright
Spiral approach
Great stupa at sanchi
Spiral approach
 ENTRANCE
Entering a building a room – act of penetrating a
vertical plane that distinguishes one space from
other.
The act of entering can be emphasized by –
punching a hole in the wall.
Passage through an implied plane – two pillars
Change in level – visual and spatial continuity
needed.

FORM – simple hole in the wall to an elaborate

articulated gateway
Hansleman house- michael graves
• Entrance
defined by
columns
Entrance emphasized by level
difference
 entrance

• Flush entrance –Maintains the continuity of the wall surface

• Projected entrance- transitional space is formed between exterior
and interior space.

• Recessed entrance – receives the portion of the exterior space

to the realm of the building
 How the entrance can be made
visually reinforced.
By making the opening lower, wider or
narrower

By making the entrance deep

Articulating the opening with ornamentation

or decorative embellishment.
 Ar. F.L.WRIGHT
JOHNSON WAX BUILDING
entrance defined by overhead plane
 Institutional buildings
Lebanon College
Lebanon, New
Hampshire
Banwell Architects
Lebanon, NH

Flushed
entrance
 Fleck & Lewis Architects
Hanover, NH
Phase II:
UK Architects PC
frontal approach and projected entrance – transitional space
Villa care – alvar alto
residential house
Entrance defined
by a column
 Robert venture- venturi house
• Projected entrance – lower and wider/
Punching a hole in the wall
Entrance-Gropius house,
massachusets
Neurosciences institute- tod
williams - entrance
2. About the Geometrical Description of Functional Spaces
2.4. Sequential Experience
2.4.3. CIRCULATION PATHS

37
 Path space relationships
Pass by space

Pass through space

Termination in a space
Bündner Kunstmuseum- peter zumthor
Pass by space
 Home for senior citizens-
switserland- pass by space.-
peter zumthur
Circulation pattern- pass through
space
 Form of the circulation space
Enclosed

Open on one side

Open on both sides

 Form of the circulation space
The width and height of the circulation space should be proportionate with the type and
amount of movement it must handle.

A Distinction in scale should be established between a public promenade, a private hall

and a service corridor.

A narrow enclosed path encourages forward motion

More traffic – spaces for pausing , resting or viewing – widened

The path can be enlarged by merging with the spaces it passes through.
 Form of the circulation space
Single flight stair
Dog legged stair
Quarter turn stair
L shaped stair
Spiral stair / helical stair
Form of the circulation space-
gropius house
ALFRED SALTER
SCHOOL,
Southward, London; This
wavy wall separates the more
‘public’ parts of the school from the
‘private’ areas
FORM OF THE CIRCULATION
SPACE
-
ENCLOSED CORRIDORS
 CIRCULATION IN SCHOOL
BUILDINGS
• Circulation routes should be clear to all users.
Privacy may be desirable in some parts of the
school.
The circulation pattern of a school is an important
planning point that must be got right early in the
design stage. There should be a clear circulation
strategy covering all levels from access to the
buildings to local circulation between spaces.
As there will be more people using schools in the
future who are not familiar with the buildings,
entrances should be clear and welcoming. This
should be achieved through architecture, not just
signage. School buildings and their surrounding
environment should be physically accessible to all
potential users
• The number of entry points into the
building will need to be considered,
particularly in a large school. Will there be
a single point of entry into the building(s)
or will there be a number of entrances
according to the nature of the user (e.g.
pre-school, school pupils, business users
and community users)? The former may
be easier to secure but the latter may
reduce congestion .
• Circulation routes within the building's) should be easy to
follow, particularly to those parts of the school most likely
to be used by those unfamiliar with the building, such as
a performance space. Routes should be clear even
without signs.
Legible routes are especially important to those who are
visually impaired or those SEN pupils for whom research
shows that predictability is important. Circulation should
make efficient use of available area and where
appropriate there should be overlap between circulation
and social or study space.
Form of the
circulation
space
Enclosed
CORRIDORS
 CHAFFORD HUNDRED LEARNING CAMPUS, THURROCK, ESSEX
The ground floor plan for this all-age community school (also described in Section 1.3) is
based on a cross-shape. A central spine houses all the large and specialist spaces (halls,
library, sports, drama, dining, science design and technology, and art) which are most
likely to be shared with the community. The main entrance and another entrance from the
car park lead to an atrium in the central spine. The nursery has a separate entrance.The
primary classrooms and one wing of secondary classes are self contained and cannot be
reached without passing through security doors. The library is positioned to be accessible
from the central circulation 'street' and directly from the outside when the rest of the
school is shut. It has additional security cameras. An adjacent smaller-scale library is
accessible from the primary wing for younger children. There is one kitchen serving
primary and secondary halls.
Asiad village – raj rewal

GRID
PATTERN
OF
CIRCULATION
Form of the circulation space
enclosed PASSAGE
Form of the
circulation
space-
enclosed
corridors
 Institute of public administration
Ahmedabad –loui kahn
Form of circulation space - staircase
Circulation pattern
 Circular pattern

• The route to the main entrance is

made clear. Once inside, the
reception desk is obviously
positioned. The circulation plan is
simple so that users can
remember it easily and fragrant
plants are used to orientate
pupils.
 – Trilinear spinal
CONFIGURATION OF THE PATH .

circulation pattern
Grand staircase, paris opera house
charles garnier
Form of the circulation
Space – grand staircase