ADDIS ABABA INSTITUTE

OF TECHNOLOGY (AAIT)

DEPARTMENT OF ITSC
ENTERPRISE NETWORK ADMINISTRATION I

MOST DATA CENTER TECHNICAL

REPORT

PREPARED BY:
ABEL BEKELE ATE/9478/08

SUBMITTED TO: Mr. Daniel Abebe

SUBMITTED DATE: April, 2018
 Acknowledgement

We have taken efforts in this report. However, it would not have

been possible without the kind support and help of Mr. Daniel
Abebe and Center of ITSC. I would like to extend my sincere thanks
to all of them. I would like to express our gratitude towards member
of MoST System Administrator Mr. Gebriel for his kind co-
operation and orientation about the data center from its history up
to is all over activities, supplies and services which help as in
completion of this report.
Abstract
The report is written by looking the building of MOST which is found around
“fellweha” . we had several questions like what is a data center, how can we
administer a data center and how can manage a data center. However the study was
undertaken by interviewing people who are working at MOST. Especially the
system engineer Mr. Gabreil.
Introduction
A data center or computer center (also datacenter) is a facility used to house computer
systems and associated components, such as telecommunications and storage systems. It
generally includes redundant or backup power supplies, redundant data communications
connections, environmental controls (e.g., air conditioning, fire suppression) and security
devices. Large data centers are industrial scale operations using as much electricity as a small
town.
That’s why our government has built the biggest and the first science and technology in
Ethiopia which is found in Addis Ababa. The ministries of science and technology (MOST) have
been created before 2 years. The main objective of this company is to motivate innovation so
this company display and sponsor the innovated peoples.

About MOST (Ministry Of Science And Technology)

The MOST have many rooms like mini exhibition, video conference room, data center
and the operation room are some of the rooms that we have observed.
Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) is a governmental institution that
established for the first time in December 1975 by proclamation No.62/1975 as a commission.
Following the change in government in 1991 and with the issuance of the new economic policy,
the Commission was re-established in March 1994 by Proclamation No.91/94. The commission
went into its 3rd phase of re-institution on the 24th of August 1995 by Proclamation No.7/1995,
following the establishment of Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia as an Agency.

The MOST Organization gives services to:

Science and Technology Information Center
Ethiopian Intellectual Property Office
Ethiopian Conformity Assessment Enterprise
Ethiopian National Accreditation Office
Ethiopian Radiation and Protection Authority
Ethiopian Standards Agency
Ethiopian Space Science
Ethiopian Biotechnology Institute
Ethiopian Metrology Institute of Ethiopia
Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
Adama Science and Technology University
ETC……
Purpose of Visitation
The purpose of the trip was to visit and to know things about a data center. The data center which
is found in MOST (Ministry of science and technology) the visitation was at 23 April 2018,
Monday in Addis Ababa Ethiopia.

Requirements For MOST Data Center:

The Planning, Design and Implementation Services for MOST Data Center
transformation combine the people, processes and technology, with the program and project
management.

Various Aspects Of MOST Data Centers Include:

Facilities:
 Layout
 power/cooling
 physical security

System Infrastructure:
 servers
 networking
 storage and
 security

Applications:
 Infrastructure mapping & Topology

- Information security is also a concern, and for this reason a MOST data center has a
secure environment which minimizes the chances of a security breach. The data center
keep high standards for assuring the integrity and functionality of its hosted computer
environment. This is accomplished through redundancy of both fiber optic cables and
power, which includes emergency backup power generation.
 Mini exhibition:
The mini exhibition is built with MOST and the collaboration of Huawei to encourage
enterprise for a new innovation and projects which are sponsored and displayed in the
company. This mini exhibition room contains several things which are created in the
company. For example the machine that write and draws anything on a piece of hard board.
In addition to that there is the 3D printing machine this machine is being used know a
days for modeling and also for proto type. Before doing the actual product it must be
modeled so the 3D model will be printed by the printer. This machine will reduce the cost of
prototyping or modeling. Especially the health center have been using the 3D model on
creating the skeleton of the human being and other equipment’s.

Data Centre Physical Infrastructure:

MOST Data center virtualization includes storage, desktop, and server virtualization,
reduces overall IT equipment electrical load through consolidation of systems. The power and
cooling infrastructure to accommodate the reduced loads.

Design Considerations:
MOST data center occupy one room of a building from underground, Most of the
equipment is often in the form of servers mounted in 19 inch rack cabinets, which are usually
placed in single rows forming corridors between them. Corridors allows people access to the
front of each cabinet. Some equipment such as mainframe computers and storage devices are
often as big as the racks themselves, and are placed alongside them.

Architectural Design:
MOST architecture of the building it self is nice and big for IT infrastructure they design
best room for data center, engineering infrastructure design and inside the data center mechanical
systems are designed and build such as cooling and electrical systems including power and cable
plant.
MOST data center has raised the floor around 25 centimeter above from the ground. And
all the cabling infrastructure is hidden below the raised floor it almost consists everything like
linkage sensor, AC (air conditioning) pipes, power cable and fiber optics.
To do Maintenance the square floors are removable we can relocate them after we finish
our work.
This data center consists around six rooms:-
These are:
 power room
 communication room
 ups room
  maintenance room
 power termination room
 network operation control room

Modeling Criteria:
The future-state scenarios for space, power, cooling, and costs. IT floor system layouts,
and power and cooling technology and configurations are not good if the data center is growing
significantly it is difficult. But they have empty rack cabinets so they can move the rack and add
another rack.

Mechanical Engineering Infrastructure Design:

Mechanical engineering infrastructure design consists that such as heating, ventilation and air
conditioning.
- Heating: typically the heat that comes from datacenter forced air through ductwork,
through pipes, it will remove the heat through pipes. Because the IT equipment generate
high heat so for us prevent this heat we need the air ventilation system.
- Ventilation: Ventilation includes both the exchange of air to the outside as well as
circulation of air within the building. Mechanical" or "forced" ventilation is used to
control indoor air quality. The MOST data center uses the contained and modular air
conditioning system. MOST datacenter uses 4 contained ACs that suck hot air and release
cold air when the temperature arise from 12 degrees Celsius.

- Doors: the doors are electronic and magnetic we can access them with card and key.
These are fire proof doors and when something happens they automatically open to
emergency exit.

Electrical Engineering Infrastructure Design:

Electrical Engineering infrastructure design in MOST datacenter designing electrical
configurations in the electrical part there is Banks of batteries (UPS) that are always charging
and their life time is approximately around 5 hours and a huge diesel-powered generator.

Power System:
Power system is one of the critical system that must be provided efficiently to call they
have datacenter. According to ISO (International Standardize Organization) for a data center
standard down time is less than 2 minutes/year other ways it’s a failure.
From Ethiopia Electric Corporation because its critical they have a high-level transformer
that maintain power when its high and even observe until generator is on.
In case the Ethiopia Electric Corporation down providing the power needed the second
backup is the Generator with the power of 800KVA work 24/7 with fuel. In case the generator
stops working there are 3 UPS batteries with power of 120 KVA each with 360KVA total can
work more than 5hours at peak level.
 In case the third backup fail which didn’t happen still know there is UPS battery for the
office building measured 300KVA.

Fire protection:
The data center include fire protection systems, including passive and active design
elements, as well as implementation of fire prevention programs in operations. Smoke detectors
are installed to provide early warning of a fire at its incipient stage.
The firefighting systems uses the fire proof window with fire proof doors which stops the
fire from spreading out on top of that in case the fire has gone out the wall is also a fire proof
wall. In addition to that there is a fire alarm system.
Passive fire protection elements included in the installation of fire walls around the data
center, so a fire can be restricted to a portion of the facility for a limited time in the event of the
failure of the active fire protection systems. Fire wall penetrations into the server room, such as
cable penetrations, coolant line penetrations and air ducts are provided with fire rated penetration
assemblies, such as fire stopping.

Alarm:
When we see Alarm triggers they make siren inside out by detecting fire/ smoke, unusual
activities.

DATA CENTER INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT

Data center infrastructure management (DCIM) is the integration of information
technology (IT) and facility management disciplines to centralize monitoring, management and
intelligent capacity planning of a data center's critical systems.
There are Two Systems bought from Huawei in millions birr to manage the data center,
one of the System is called Netico which is infrastructure administration system such as UPS air
conditioning system, environmental monitoring system, temperature sensor, water sensor. In case
accidents happened to the data center the system will inform for the administrator or will send
SMS message. There is also firefighting system in the data center. Also the system control
security cameras, IT equipment.
Network infrastructure:
The Data centers contains a set of routers and switches that transport traffic between the
servers and to the outside world. Redundancy of the Internet connection is often provided by
using one service provider (Ethio telecom).
Some of the servers at the data center are used for running the basic Internet and intranet
services needed by internal users in the organization, e.g., e-mail servers, proxy servers, and
DNS servers.
Network security elements are also usually deployed: firewalls, VPN gateways, intrusion
detection systems, etc. Also monitoring systems for the network and some of the applications.
Like Most uses Nagios Network Analyzer in case of a failure of communications inside the data
center.

Nagios Network Analyzer:

Network Analyzer provides an in-depth look at all network traffic sources and potential
security threats allowing system admins to quickly gather high-level information regarding the
health of the network as well as highly granular data for complete and thorough network
analysis.
With a powerful and intuitive web interface, Network Analyzer is easy to use, while
providing optimal performance and speed. Network Analyzer seamlessly integrates with our
network monitoring solution, Nagios XI, allowing for the consolidation of alerts and
notifications as well as maintaining a safe and secure network. Easily setup alerts and add
sources with Network Analyzer’s intuitive wizards with just a few clicks.
Network Analyzer’s advanced alerting and reporting capabilities provide IT staff with
superior awareness of their network.
Down-to-the-packet data can be accessed and archived for further tracking and analysis.
When critical thresholds are exceeded, abnormal network activity occurs, or bandwidth
restrictions are met, Network Analyzer can trigger alerts allowing Admins to start resolving
issues immediately.
A fully customizable bandwidth utilization calculator is included allowing reports to be
created to summarize bandwidth utilization per source, IP, or any combination the user desires.
ROUTER:
A router is a device that forwards data packets between computer networks, creating an
overlay internetwork. A router is connected to one data lines from ISP network (Ethio telecom).
When a data packet comes in one of the line, the router reads the address information in the
packet to determine its ultimate destination. Then, using information in its routing table or
routing policy, it directs the packet to the next network on its journey.
NetEngine40E Series Universal Service Routers:
Flexible, high-performance core routers for building Internet Data Centers (IDCs) and
tiered enterprise networks, and for edge routers between campuses.
Multi-Service Edge Router (MSER) functions enable video, voice, and data traffic with unified
subscriber services management and Hierarchical Quality of Service (HQoS). Consolidates IP
aggregation and MPLS functionality in a single, high-availability router.
NetEngine40E Series Universal Service Routers are an excellent choice for mission-critical
applications in government, transportation, TV broadcasting, finance, and power utilities
implementing Smart Grid technologies.

Network switch:
A network switch is a computer networking device that links network segments or network
devices. The term commonly refers to a multi-port network bridge that processes and routes data at the
data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model.
A switch is a telecommunication device that receives a message from any device connected to it
and then transmits the message only to the device for which the message was meant.

There are two high core switches in the data center each weighting around 300 kilograms.
And both the switches have a 40 GB(giga bit) interfaces for high input and output but also for
high connectivity between the networks.
Cloud services like kbl are also included for creating a virtual machine and two grid
server for creating java virtual machine because they require more storage and this servers
weights around 160kg each. In order for the organization to use it also have 32 Rak server and
above 50 access switches. Every server is consisted with an admin port besides to the service
port which helps us to do all the physical activity on that port without any interactions.
Switches:
There are 2 core switches weighted 300 KG, these devices provide security for the data
center as well they provide 40 GB interface integrated with firewalls like stack to provide high
speed connection between servers and to fasten input and output data.
HUAWEI CloudEngine 12800 Series Data Center Switches
CE12800 offers carrier-grade reliability, virtualization support, iStack clustering, and
Software-Defined Networking features for building and scaling data centers and campus
networks. CE12800 switches provide versatility and resilient performance for server-based
multimedia applications, Big Data analytics, and cloud computing.
Elastic switching meets your specialized requirements. 576 x 100 GE, 576 x 40 GE,
2,304 x 25 GE, or 2,304 x 10 GE ports with total switching capacity of 178 Tbit/s per switch,
upgradable to 1,032 Tbit/s.

Storage:
The storage used by the MOST data center is round 2 Pb. This means it can be used around 5
years efficiently without any excessive wastage.

Fiber cable:
There are 2 fiber cable with 50 Mb(mega bit) and another fiber cable also with 50 Mb
with the total of 150 Mb provided by our ISP(Ethio Telecom).

Network Operation Room:

Everything which is connected to the network is managed and administered from this
room. Unless it is a physical management it is monitored from this room. The operation room
can manage the camera, AC (air conditioner), power system, humidity and water linkage.

Server:
There are 2 high end servers weighted 320 KG a piece they are used for cloud service for
affiliate organizations and for KVM (virtual machine) purpose.
There are 2 grid servers for creating java virtual machine because they require more storage and
more speed.
Firewall:
There are 2 firewalls weighted 160 KG, these devices provide security for the data center
as well they provide 40 GB interface integrated with core switches like stack to provide high
speed connection between servers and to fasten input and output data.

Cloud Computing:
The initializing part of this topology is the cloud when one –off tasks are too much for
local it resources to cope with and investments are not economically viable, cloud computing is
the answer. The advantage of cloud service such as infrastructure as a service (IaaS). Then the
packet is sent to the router.

Applications:
The first application for MOST Network infrastructure:
iStack technology:
Intelligent stack (iStack) technology combines multiple switches into a virtual switching
device. Stacking technology provides high network reliability and scalability, while simplifying
network management.
 High reliability: Member switches in a stack work in redundancy mode. Inter-
device Eth-Trunk links can also be set up between the member switches to
implement link redundancy.
 High scalability: By combining physical switches into a stack, we can easily
increase the number of ports, bandwidth, and processing capability without
changing the network topology.
 Simple configuration and management: we can log in to a stack from any member
switch to manage and configure all the member switches in the stack. In addition,
complicated Layer 2 ring protection protocols (such as MSTP) or Layer 3
protection switching protocols (such as VRRP) are not required after switches set
up a stack; therefore, the network configuration is much simpler.