Pie Chart

Cindy
wuchenjiecindy@yeah.net
The three pie charts below show the changes in annual
spending by a particular UK school in 1981,1991 and
2001. (C8T2)

⽐重明显体现；
单饼信息量少；
常考多饼图或混合图。
饼图数据的描述：从明显到不明显（从⼤到⼩）

According to the pie chart,

Asia is the continent with
the largest population
(57%), which is followed
by two continents Europe
and Americas, both
accounting for 14% of the
world population. Africa is
also on the list, taking up
10%. The remaining
population is distributed in
other places.
Vocabulary

占据 百分⽐
occupy 10% one tenth
make up 20% one fifth
take up 25% a quarter
account for 50% half
constitute 75% three quarters
represent
comprise
The chart below shows the main reasons why
agricultural land becomes less productive. (C8T1)

The pie chart shows that there are four main causes of
farmland degradation in the world today. Globally 65% of land
degradation is caused by too much animal grazing and tree
clearance, constituting 35% and 30% respectively. A further
28% of global degradation is due to over-cultivation of crops.
Other causes account for only 7% collectively.
 百分⽐的提出

The land degraded due to over-cultivation accounted for 28%.

28% of land is damaged due to the over-cultivation of crops.
A largest proportion of farmland was degraded for the reason
of too much animal grazing, with 35%.
Over-cultivation is the leading cause of land degradation(35%).
 排序句型
China is the world's most populous country, with a population
of more than 1.4 billion, far ahead of India (1 billion).
which is followed by/ followed by…

Japan led other countries in life expectancy(81.2 years);

Australia and Canada followed behind, 80.55 years and 80.2
years respectively.

The latest study shows that China has come second in terms of
GDP, following the lead of the United States and narrowly
beating Japan.
rank the second place
 数据相同

Boys with the interest of watching television share the same

size as girls.
The percentage of boys who love to watch television is as
large as that of girls.
is equal/identical to
show a great resemblance to
 对⽐句型

Around 40% of boys choose to play skateboarding, with only

20% girls doing this.

More boys choose to play skateboarding (around 40%), while/

whereas only 20% girls like to do this.

Boys with the interest of skateboarding took up 40%,

compared with 20% for girls.

Boys with the interest of skateboarding clearly outnumber/

exceed/surpass their female counterparts(40% and 20%
respectively)
 对⽐句型

The percentage of boys interested in riding bikes is

significantly larger than that of girls (75% and 57%
respectively).
There are more boys than girls with the interest of riding
bikes with the proportion of 75% to 57%.
A greater percentage of boys than girls is found in riding
bikes (75% versus 57%).
The percentage of boys is 18% larger than that of girls.
The percentage of boys is larger by 18% than that of girls.
 倍数句型
double 两倍 数字+ times as large as
triple 三倍 数字+ times larger than
quadruple 四倍 v. +数字fold

According to the census, 44.7 million Americans are currently

Hispanic, more than five times higher than in 1966.
Transportation, the third largest producer, will see a huge
growth to 6 billion, tripling the amount in 2002.
Production of British cotton goods increased sixtyfold, and
cotton cloth became Great Britain's most important product,
accounting for one-half of all exports.
The pie charts below show units of electricity production
by fuel source in Australia and France in 1980 and 2000.
(C7T4)
Introduction
The charts compare the sources of electricity in Australia
and France in the years 1980 and 2000. Between these years
electricity production almost doubled, rising from 100 units
to 1970 in Australia, and from 90 to 180 units in France.
Body Paragraph 1:
In 1980 Australia used coal as the main electricity source
(50 units) and the remainder was produced from natural gas,
hydro power (each producing 20 units) and oil (which
produced only 10 units). By 2000, coal had become the fuel
for more than 75% of electricity produced and only hydro
continued to be another significant source, supplying
approximately 20%.
Body Paragraph 2：
In contrast, France used coal as a source for only 25units of
electricity in 1980, which was matched by natural gas. The
remaining 40 units were produced largely from oil and
nuclear power, with hydro contributing only 5 units. But by
2000 nuclear power, which was not used at all in Australia,
had developed into the main sources, producing almost 75% of
electricity, at 126 units, while coal and oil together produced
only 50 units. Other sources were no longer significant.
Conclusion

Overall, it is clear that by 2000 these two countries relied on

different principal fuel sources: Australia relied on coal and
France on nuclear power.
Assignment:
The charts below give information on the ages of the
populations of Yemen and Italy in 2000 and projections for
2050. (C9T3)
Practice
C7T4 (4)
C8T2 (3)
C9T3 (4)
C10T1 (2)
C11T1 (6)
C11T2 (2)
C11T4 (1表格+2饼图）
Bar Chart
more statistics
compare &contrast
1. 普通单柱图
The charts below show
what UK graduate and
postgraduate students who
did not go into full-time
work did after leaving
college in 2008. (C10T3)

思路：
类似饼图，从明显数
据到不明显数据
2. 若横坐标是时间轴

The chart below show

the total number of
minutes(in billions) of
telephone calls in the
UK, divided into three
categories, from 1995-
2002.（C9T2）

思路：
转化为线图
主体段写横向趋势，
结尾段勿忘纵向趋势
3. 多柱图且横坐标⾮时间

The charts below show

the main reasons for
study among students of
different age groups and
the amount of support
they received from
employers.(C5T2)
思路：
若横坐标⾮年份，观
察图例数量和柱群数
量，以数量⼩的⼀⽅
为描述主体。
The chart below shows the different levels of post-
school qualifications in Australia and the proportion of
men and women who held them in 1999. (C4T3)
Introduction

Original version:
The chart below shows the different levels of post-school
qualifications in Australia and the proportion of men and
women who held them in 1999.

Paraphrased version:
The chart gives information about post-school qualifications
in terms of the different levels of further education reached
by men and women in Australia in 1999.
Body Paragraph 1:
We can see immediately that there were substantial differences
in the proportion of men and women at different levels. The
biggest gender difference was at the lowest post-school level,
where 90% of those who held a skilled vocational diploma
were men, compared with only 10 % of women. By contrast,
more women held undergraduate diplomas(70%) and
marginally more women reached degree level (55%).
Body Paragraph 2:
At the higher levels of education, men with postgraduate
diplomas clearly outnumbered their female counterparts (70%
and 30% respectively), and also constituted 60% of Master’s
graduates.
Conclusion

Thus, we can see that more men than women held

qualifications at the lower and higher levels of education,
while more women reached undergraduate diploma level than
men. The gender difference was smallest at the level of
Bachelor’s degree, however.
Assignment:
The charts below show what UK graduate and
postgraduate students who did not go into full-time work
did after leaving college in 2008. (C10T3)
Practice

C4T3 (1)
C5T2 (2)
C6T4 (2)
C7T3 (2)
C9T2 (1)
C10T3 (2)
C4T4 （双线+柱图）
 Table
• irregular data
• informative
1. 数据较少的表格，阐述完整。 (C6T2)

The table illustrates the differences in water consumption in

agriculture sector by contrasting the amount of irrigated land in
Brazil (26,500 km2) with that in the D.R.C.(100 km2). This
means that a huge amount of water is used in agriculture in
Brazil, and this is reflected in the figures for water consumption
per person: 359 m3 compared with only 8 m3 in the Congo. With
a population of 176 million, the figures for Brazil indicate how
high agricultural water consumption can be in some countries.
2. 表格数据多，横纵求极值(中间值可忽略）

The table below gives information on consumer

spending on different items in five different countries
in 2002. (C7T1)
According to the table, all people in these five countries spent most on
food, drink and tobacco. They accounted for 32.14% of consumer
expenditure in Turkey, which was the highest figure among the five
nations, followed by Ireland and Spain. And the lowest proportion，
15.77%, belonged to Sweden citizens.

Clothing and footwear made up the second important consumer

spending. Compared with Italian people who spent 9%, the highest
percentage on this category, Swede spent the least, 5.4%.

In terms of last group--leisure and education, on which people in the

five different countries generally spent least, the percentage in Turkey
was comparatively higher, reaching 4.35%, while that in Spain
represented the lowest one, 1.98%.
The tables below give information about the sales of
Fairtrade-labelled coffee and bananas in 1999 and 2004 in
five European countries.(C10T2)
Introduction

Original version:
The tables below give information about the sales of
Fairtrade-labelled coffee and bananas in 1999 and 2004 in
five European countries.

Paraphrased version:
The two tables contain sales data for Fair-trade coffee and
bananas in 1999 and 2004, in five nations of Europe.
Body Paragraph 1:
The first table shows low-level coffee sales increased in all five
countries, albeit to widely varying degrees. In two places sales
increased by the same amount: 1.8-2 million euros in Denmark,
and 0.8-1 million in Sweden. The increment was slightly larger
in Belgium, from 1-1.7 million euros. Meanwhile, in
Switzerland sales doubled from 3-6 million euros. Finally, in the
UK there was an enormous increase, from 1.5-20 million euros.
Body Paragraph 2:
In the second table, it was Switzerland that stood out as buying
far more Fair-trade bananas than the other four countries. Swiss
sales figures jumped from 15-47 million euros across these five
years, while in the UK and Belgium sales only grew from 1-5.5
and from 0.6-4 million euros respectively. Sweden and
Denmark showed a different pattern, with falls in banana sales
from 1.8-1 and 2-0.9 million euros.
Conclusion:
Comparing the two tables, it is clear that in 1999 Fair-trade
coffee sales ranged from 0.8-3 million euros in these five
countries, while banana sales also mostly clustered between
0.6 and 2 million euros, with Switzerland the outlier at a huge
15 million euros. By 2004, sales figures for both products had
risen across the board, except for Sweden and Denmark which
recorded drops in banana sales.
Assignment:
The table below gives information about changes in modes
of travel in England between 1985 and 2000.（C6T2）
Practice

C4T1
C5T4
C6T2
C7T1
C10T2
C8T1 (表格+饼图）
C11T4 (表格+饼图）
Thank you!