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SEIZURES- manifestations of seizures: location of primary 2. STELLATE CELLS (GRANULE CELLS) (25%)
focus Interneurons
2
Small soma & numerous small dendrites - EEG WAVES: Excitatory & Inhibitory synaptic
GAMMA-AMINO BUTYRIC ACID potentials of cortical neurons (reflective of the
(EXCITATORY & INHIBITORY) activity of pyramidal cells)
*sign does not indicate excitation or inhibition
*Messengers- neurotransmitters
*** In an electrocorticogram, electrical activity of the cortex
*If the information they carry to the next neuron causes an is recorded via electrodes placed on the surface of the brain.
increase in activity of neurons- EXCITATORY (Glutamate and These are both called field potentials because they detect the
Aspartate) electrical field generated by large groups of relatively distant
neurons. The EEG waves arederived from the excitatory and
*INTERNEURONS- connecting or bridging cells- connect inhibitory synaptic potentials that occur in cortical neurons.
primary sensory area with a final motor area (sensory - Significance in Clinical Neurology: Diagnostic
controls motor) tool(EPILEPSY)
3
DELTA RHYTHM
THETA RHYTHM
4
EEG tracings are not distinguishable to be able to identify o Regulation of hearing and vestibular
simplex or complex partial epilepsy functions and miscellaneous functions
(learning and memory)
GENERALIZED EPILEPSY
PHYLOGENIC SUBDIVISIONS OF CEREBRAL CORTEX
TONIC-CLONIC or GRAND ABSENCE or PETIT MAL
MAL 1. Archicortex
2. Paleocortex
Continuous Brief, abrupt & self-limiting
3. Neocortex
contraction(tonic phase) loss of consciousness
rapid contraction & Cells:
relaxation(clonic phase) Pyramidal Cells (excitation)
Stellate Cells (excitation &
Period of confusion and Stares & rapid eye-blinking
exhaustion (3-5 sec) inhibition)
ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM
MATCHING TYPE:
Answers:
IDENTIFICATION:
1. Partial Epilepsy Answers: matching type
2. Glutamate
1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.B 6. A 7.C 8.B
3. Premotor and supplementary motor cortex
4. Beta Rhythm
5. Alpha Rhythm
6. Delta Rhythm
7. Clonic Phase
8. Stellate Cells/ Granular Cells