Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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SBLE1032
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ISBN 978-967-5311-27-7
The Self Module Series is one of the teaching and learning mode under the Off-
Campus Studies of Universiti Utara Malaysia. This Self Module Series is to be
improvised and revised during every teaching activity and the distribution of
this Self Module is restricted within the campus of Universiti Utara Malaysia.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface ix
Explanation of Icons xi
Course Description and Objectives xiii
CHAPTER 1
Chapter Objectives 1
1.1 Reading 1
1.1.1 Reading 1 1
1.1.2 Reading 2 4
1.2 Grammar – Present Tense: Using ‘Be’ Verbs 8
1.2.1 Uses of ‘Be’ 8
1.2.2 Sample Writing Using ‘Be’ Verbs 9
1.2.3 Contractions with ‘Be’ 10
1.2.4 Negative Statements with ‘Be’ 11
1.2.5 How the ‘Be’ Verbs are Used 12
1.2.6 Yes/No Questions with ‘Be’ 17
1.3 Subject Pronoun and Object Pronoun 18
1.4 Wh-Questions with ‘Be’ 20
1.5 This, That, These, Those with ‘Be’ 22
1.6 Using Have and Has 23
1.7 Using There + Is/Are 24
1.8 Question and Short Answers Using There 25
1.9 Writing 27
1.9.1 Essay Writing 27
1.9.2 Elements of Good Writing 28
1.9.3 Writing The Simple Sentence 29
1.9.4 Subject-Verb-Complement 31
CHAPTER 2
Chapter Objectives 35
2.1 Reading 35
2.1.1 Reading 1 35
2.1.2 Reading 2 40
2.2 Grammar: The Simple Present Tense 44
2.2.1 Spelling of The –S Form 45
2.3 Comparing Affirmative Statement ‘Be’ Verbs and Action
Verbs 47
2.4 Negative Statements with The Simple Present Tense 48
2.5 Comparing Negative Statements with ‘Be’ and Other
Verbs 49
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2.6 Yes/No Questions and Short Answers with The Present
Tense 50
2.7 Wh-Questions with The Simple Present Tense 52
2.8 Comparing Wh-Questions – ‘Be’ and Other Verbs 55
2.9 Frequency Words with The Simple Present Tense 59
2.9.1 Position of Frequency Words and Expressions 59
2.10 Prepositions of Time 62
2.11 Question with Ever 63
2.12 Questions with How Often and Answers with Frequency
Expressions 65
2.13 The Simple Present Tense and The Present Continuous
Tense 67
2.14 Questions with The Present Continuous Tense 69
2.14.1 Affirmative Statement and Questions 69
2.14.2 Negative Statements and Questions 69
2.15 Contrast of Present Continuous Tense and Simple Present 71
2.16 Forms of The Simple Present and the Present Progressive 71
2.17 Writing – Topic Sentence 73
2.17.1 The Topic Sentence 73
CHAPTER 3
Chapter Objectives 77
3.1 Reading 77
3.1.1 Reading 1 77
3.1.2 Reading 2 81
3.2 Grammar – Simple Past Tense 86
3.2.1 Using Be: Past Tense 86
3.2.2 Past Time Words: Yesterday, Last, and Ago 88
3.2.3 Past of Be: Negative 90
3.2.4 Past of Be: Questions 90
3.2.5 The Simple Past Tense Using –ed 92
3.2.6 The Simple Past Tense of Irregular Verbs 94
3.3 The Use of ‘There’ 96
3.3.1 Negative Form of ‘There’ 98
3.3.2 Question Form of ‘There’ 99
3.4 The Simple Past Tense Using Where, When, What Time and
Why 100
3.5 Past Progressive Tense 102
3.5.1 Using While with the Past Progressive 104
3.6 Writing 109
3.6.1 Transition Signals 109
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CHAPTER 4
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PREFACE
The module has four chapters and each chapter includes the three
components. Each chapter will be covered during each of the four
meetings.
The materials have been prepared to meet the proficiency levels of the
students. For each item, there are exercises for students to practise their
language skills.
The main aim of the course is to enable students to practise their English
language skills in a wide variety of social contexts and situations.
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EXPLANATION OF ICONS
You will notice that there are a number of icons used in this module.
They are there to highlight specific information for you. Each icon has a
purpose:
Exercises
This icon highlights the various exercises of the unit.
These activities have answer keys at the back of each unit
for you to check your answers against.
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SYNOPSIS AND COURSE OBJECTIVES
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CHAPTER 1
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
1.1 READING
1.1.1 Reading 1
Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow.
THE PETAI
Few things taste as good as ‘sambal tumis petai’ with hot rice.
Petai is a bean which grows on trees. Each pod contains twelve or
eighteen seeds and each seed is covered with a thin layer of pulp.
The scientific name for the petai is Parkia Speciosa.
The petai is like the durian – you either love it or hate it. 5
The petai seed adds flavour to food, especially rice. Some people
compare it to garlic since it also has an unpleasant smell.
Although some may hate it many people seem to love it.
Although some petai trees are planted and cared for in
villages in rural areas, the majority of the petai trees grow wild in 10
the deep jungles of Malaysia. As a result, the petai is rather
expensive. The pods are usually picked by the villagers who climb
the tree and use a long pole to twist the stalks off the branches.
Today petai is planted all over the country and some can even be
found planted in housing areas. 15
It is only in recent years that the locals began cultivating the
petai. However, it is not known whether anyone grows petai
commercially in plantations. The trees take about seven to eight
years to mature while bud-grafted ones take one or two years less.
The petai pods grow all year round but there are more pods in 20
August and September.
Very little is known about the petai. Research has shown
that it is as nutritious as any other vegetable especially in protein
content. It also has a high content of Vitamins A and C but it is
very low in Vitamin B. Extracts from the petai can help control 25
ailments like diabetes and high blood pressure. Toxic substances
in the petai can be used to poison fish.
Petai lasts only for three days. However, to preserve it the
stalks are dipped in hot water, slated and kept in a bottle.
Preserved in this manner the petai seeds can be used over a long 30
period of time in countless enjoyable meals.
EXERCISE 1.1
1. ‘which’ in line 2
2. ‘it’ in line 7
3. ‘who’ in line 12
4. ‘ones’ in line 19
EXERCISE 1.2
2. Why do some people compare the petai with the durian fruit?
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
7. What are the toxic substances in the petai pods used for?
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
1.1.2 Reading 2
Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow.
PHOBIAS
Phobias are fears that disturb a person and make him behaves in
ways that are not normal. Many people suffer from them despite
the fact that successful treatment has become available in recent
years.
From time to time we all experience fears and anxieties. A 5
phobia, however, causes unreasonable panic when there is no real
danger. For example, a person who has a fear of swallowing will
be afraid. To eat thinking that he may get choked. One with a
phobia about caterpillars may be unable to go outdoors. The
individual is generally aware of the unreasonableness of his fear, 10
but he can’t control it. Eventually the phobia becomes the victim’s
main concern in life and he cannot think of anything else. As a
result unusual kinds of behavior will develop. A man with a fear
of bridges could cross them only if he was driven by someone else
while he kept his eyes closed. 15
Phobias can be about anything: people, animals, blood,
water, heights, closed spaces, the dark and speaking in public. So
far the most common is agoraphobia, a Greek word meaning fear
of being in crowded open spaces. In this complex disorder, a person
tries to look for what is a safe place or the protection of another 20
person.
The real cause of phobias is unknown. However, recent
research shows that agoraphobia can be passed down from
generation to generation. The first person to develop successful
treatment for phobias was Dr. Joseph Wolpe. He discovered that 25
phobics (people who suffer from phobias) could be cured if they
were trained to relax and gradually face up to the phobias in
their mind.
The first clinic to help these patients was started by Dr.
Manuel Zane. He taught them to stop thinking about their fears 30
by doing such things as counting the numbers on car license
plates. Furthermore, he asked them to practice talking out loud.
He discovered that phobics recover more quickly when a
sympathetic person helps them to get through panic by being
kind and caring. 35
The vital stage is for the phobic to face up to his or her fear.
An old woman, for example, was afraid of using an escalator
whenever she went to a shopping mall. First, she and her doctor
stood watching people, especially children, going up and down
the escalator. The next week, he held her hand and encouraged 40
her to step on the escalator as he did. This went on for a week.
By the third week the woman got over her fear and stepped on
and off the escalator without any help.
There are many methods of treatment. But whatever the
variations in treatment this mental illness can be reliably and 45
effectively treated nowadays. The tragedy is that not many people
know this. As a result unnecessary suffering continues.
EXERCISE 1.3
EXERCISE 1.4
EXERCISE 1.5
1. The word ‘however’ in line 6 contrasts two ideas. What are they?
(a) _________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
(b) _________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
2. ‘For example’ in line 7 is followed by two examples of phobias.
They are:
(a) _________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
(b) _________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
EXERCISE 1.6
Column A Column B
1. anxieties (line 5) A. become better
2. unusual (line 13) B. not normal
3. gradually (line 27) C. that can be depended upon
4. recover (line 33) D. step by step
5. reliably (line 45) E. fears and uncertainties
is; use is with he, she, it and singular subjects such as boy, cat, and
Malaysia
e.g. He is a student.
Malaysia is a beautiful country.
are; use are with we, you, they and plural subjects such as the boys, the
cats and the countries
e.g. We are from Kedah.
The teachers are very busy.
1. To describe a subject
e.g The restaurant is clean.
The neighbours are very friendly.
The lecture halls are well lit.
5. To describe the age of the subject.
e.g. He is 24 years old.
My uncle is 50 years old.
Read the following composition. Look at how the ‘be’ verbs are used in
the sentences.
EXERCISE 1.7
7. She _____ busy all the time.
I am – I’m
You are- You’re
She is – She’s
He is- He’s
It is- It’s
We are- We’re
They are- They’re
*We don’t make a contraction with ‘is’ if the noun ends in these sounds: s, z, g, sh, or
ch.
The United States’s a big country. The United States is a big country.
College’s different here. College is different here.
English’s the language of many countries. English is the language of
many countries.
Rich’s my English teacher. Rich is my English teacher.
EXERCISE 1.8
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2. Jin Li is in my class. _________ in my class.
3. I have one sister. __________ twenty five years old.
4. I have two brothers. __________ both students.
EXERCISE 1.9
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3. They __________________ from Malaysia.
1. Be with descriptions
EXERCISE 1.10
Complete each statement with a subject and the correct form of ‘be’.
Make as true statement. Use both singular and plural subjects.
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Examples
________________________ intelligent.
My parents are intelligent.
_________________________ patient.
The doctors are very patient.
1. __________________________________________expensive.
2. ____________________________________________ cheap.
3. ____________________________________________ new.
4. ____________________________________________ big.
5. ____________________________________________ dirty.
6. ____________________________________________difficult.
7. ____________________________________________ narrow.
8. ____________________________________________ old.
9. ____________________________________________ fresh.
EXERCISE 1.11
Example.
This classroom _______________________________.
This classroom is clean.
1. Kuala Lumpur
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2. UUM
4. My cats
6. My car
7. My neighbour
9. Changloon
EXERCISE 1.12
Fill in the blanks with a form of be and a definition of the subject. You
may add an adjective.
Example
Kedah __________________________
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Kedah is a state.
1. August ____________________________________________
2. A rose _____________________________________________
3. I’m _______________________________________________
6. UUM______________________________________________
8. Durians ___________________________________________
9. Penang ____________________________________________
EXERCISE 1.13
Complete each statement. Give a subject and the correct form of ‘be’.
Add ‘a’ or ‘an’ for singular nouns only.
Example
_________________________ a big country.
Russia is a big country.
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5. ____________________________________ big cities.
7. _____________________________________ my neighbour.
Preposition Examples
On The cup is on the table.
At I am at school.
My sister is at home.
They are at work.
In The boys are in the garden
The chairs are in the corner.
In front of The computer is in front of the students.
In back of /Behind The teacher is in back of the desk
The blackboard is behind the teacher.
Between The girl is between the two boys.
Over/Above The no-smoking sign is above the door.
The warning sign is over the door.
Below/Under The switch is below the table.
The dictionary is under the textbook.
Next to My house is next to the police station.
EXERCISE 1.14
Use a form of ‘be’ and a preposition to tell the location of these things or
people in your classroom or school.
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1. My classroom _________________________________________
2. I __________________________________________________
EXERCISE 1.15
Fill in the blanks with the correct ‘be’ verbs to complete the paragraph.
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I am a student. Am I a student?
Are you a student?
It is cold today. Is it cold today?
We are here. Are we here?
EXERCISE 1.16
1. A: __________________________________________________
B: Yes, my hometown is big.
2. A: __________________________________________________
B: No, Spanish is not my first language.
3. A: __________________________________________________
B: Yes, they are at work.
4. A: __________________________________________________
B: Yes, durians are very delicious.
5. A: __________________________________________________
B: No, she is not here today.
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We can use an object pronoun after the verb or after a preposition.
EXERCISE 1.17
Fill in the blanks. Substitute an object pronoun for the underlined words.
1. I look like my father, but my brother does not look like ________ .
I look like my father, but my brother does not look like him.
3. I use the computer when I work, but I don’t use ______ at home.
8. The Chairman has three assistants. They help ________ run the
company.
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EXERCISE 1.18
Question Words
Question Answer
Where is your course mate from? He is from Seremban.
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Where are your grandparents? They are at their fruit orchard.
Why are they worried? They are worried because the exam
is tomorrow.
Why is she not in her room? She is not in her room because she
is in the library.
Who is your roommate? Ahmad is my roommate.
Who are these people? They are my neighbours.
When is your quiz? It is tomorrow.
When is the class over? It is over at 9 p.m.
How are you? I am fine.
How is the campus? It is huge!
What is a verb? It is an action word.
What is the money for? It is for the trip to Kuala Lumpur.
What time is it? It is 4.30 p.m.
How is your new class? It is very interesting.
How old is your brother? He is ten years old.
How much is a litre of petrol? It is RM1.80 per litre.
EXERCISE 1.19
Fill in the blanks with the correct question word and a form of ‘be’.
Example:
_______ your name?
What is your name? My name is Siva.
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9. ______________________ your test? It is at two o’clock.
EXERCISE 1.20
Use this, that, these and those and a form of ‘be’ to complete each
statement. The word in the bracket indicates whether the item is far or
near.
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3. __________________________a pen. (near)
EXERCISE 1.21
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3. My roommates ___________ their own cars.
5. He ____________ a toothache.
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EXERCISE 1.22
EXERCISE 1.23
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2. tree/in front of the building
A:________________________________________________
B: ________________________________________________
REVIEW
A. Find the mistakes with the underlined words and correct them. Not
every sentence has a mistake. If the sentence is correct, write C.
Example
She is’nt in the kitchen.
She isn’t in the kitchen.
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B. Fill in the blanks to complete this conversation. Not all blanks need
a word. If the blank doesn’t need a word, write X.
A: Hi, Kim. How’s your English class?
B: Hi, June. It ______ ok. I _________ very happy with it.
A: I ______ in Level 2. What level ________ you in?
B: I _______ level 3.
A: My teacher _____ Ms. Azizah. She _____ a very teacher. Who
______ your teacher?
B: Mr. Samy ____ my teacher. He _____ very good, too.
A: ________ he an old man?
B: No, he ___________. He ______ a young man. He ______
about 25 years old. How old _____ Ms. Azizah?
A: She _____ about 50 years old.
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unit of information it contains and if its controlling idea is completely
developed.
EXERCISE 1.24
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1.9.3 Writing The Simple Sentence
Example
Subject verb
The girl cried.
He is tired.
It is hot.
1. Transitive verbs
When a verb requires an object, it is called a transitive verb. It
usually answers to the question “what”.
Example:
Siva buys a pen. (The sentence “Siva buys.” Is incomplete because it doesn’t
answer the question what does she buy? She must have bought something.)
My mother bakes a cake.
The technician repairs electrical appliances.
2. Intransitive verbs.
When a verb doesn’t require an object, it is called an intransitive
verb.
Example:
The bus stops.
The girls laugh.
Monkeys swing.
EXERCISE 1.25
Transitive verbs
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3. Your brother needs _________________________.
4. Bing ordered ____________________________.
5. John found _________________________.
6. Fiaz saw __________________________.
7. Gill dropped ______________________.
8. The cat ate ______________________.
9. Vince called _______________________.
10. Kamal hit _____________________.
Intransitive verbs
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8. The artist paints _____________________.
9. The security guards open ______________.
10. She irons _________________.
1.9.4 Subject-Verb-Complement
EXERCISE 1.26
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5. The sky became ___________________________.
6. Music is __________________________________.
EXERCISE 1.27
Writing exercise
The following are notes about Jamal’s family. Using the Simple Present
Tense join the notes with suitable words to form a complete sentence.
JAMAL’S FAMILY
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9. She (live) with – husband – son – Jitra.
_____________________________________________________
11. Either his sister – her husband often (give) Jamal pocket money.
_____________________________________________________
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CHAPTER 2
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
2.1 READING
2.1.1 Reading 1
Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.
SIMPLE TIPS TO AVOID FROM BEING AN
EASY CRIME TARGET
Other than the current economic situation, crime continues to
be the second biggest concern for Malaysians, according to the
Malaysian Crime Prevention Foundation (MCPF) vice chairman,
Tan Sri Lee Lam Thye. He further stated in a recent report that
“Crime prevention is a collective responsibility and it is 5
important to know how to mobilize the entire Malaysian
community to fight crime. People have to adopt an anti crime
culture and not take safety for granted. When this is drilled into
our minds, then we will automatically be more aware and
conscious.” 10
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Practicing vigilance in one’s daily life can help to safe one
and one’s family from being an easy crime target. Here are some
practical and simple dos and don’ts that could be useful in
saving one’s life from crime.
The dos 15
Do trust your instincts. Your five senses are your best tools.
Stop, listen and run if you see, hear, smell or feel that things are
not right. For example, listen carefully for noises or sounds
especially when you are alone and walking in deserted areas, in
case someone is following you. Keep yourself alerted for 20
unfamiliar smells like cigarette smoke when you enter your
home or car.
Do stay connected. Always tell someone where you are
going, especially if you will be driving alone. This makes it faster
for people to help you in the event of an attack. Always keep 25
your cell phone batteries charged for emergencies. If you need
to answer incoming calls or text messages while driving, stop
and park your car in a safe place before doing so. Furthermore, if
you are walking, stand against a wall so that you have a 180-
degree view of the people around you. 30
Do role-play sessions with your children. For parents, it is
advisable to have regular pretend sessions with your children,
where someone plays a role as a criminal, to teach them how to
react when facing a potential criminal. Changing the dialogue
and story lines regularly could teach children new things and 35
could help maintain your children’s interest in the role-play
sessions.
Have age-appropriate expectations of your children. Parents
should give responsibilities to children when they are mature
enough to handle them and are mature enough to sense danger. 40
Giving children responsibilities they are not ready for like
babysitting their younger brother or sister or trusting them with
the house keys, could put your family in danger.
The don’ts
Don’t be too lazy to be vigilant. Doesn’t matter how tired or 45
busy you are, never forget to lock up your car, home doors and
windows before you go to bed.
Don’t leave your valuables in sight. When you are driving or
waiting for someone in your car, make sure no valuable items
like your cell phones, laptop bags, handbags, and even your 50
shopping bags are placed in places like the back seat, passenger
seat or the dashboard. These attract petty thieves who are
looking for a quick gain. Placing them at the places mentioned
provides easy access as criminals could easily smash the car
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windows-at traffic junctions, car parks, petrol stations or even in 55
front of your home, just to grab your belongings. As a result,
you could easily lose your valuables and even injuring yourself.
Don’t leave keys in ignition. Never leave your car with key
in ignition unattended. Not even when it is parked in your house
compound. Most crimes happen when there is an opportunity. 60
Your responsibility is to make sure that you don’t give criminals
that opportunity.
Don’t trust easily. Always remind yourself that people in
uniforms can be impostors sometimes. If stopped or
approached by a uniformed person always ask for his or her ID 65
and be alert. You have the right to refuse to follow someone if
you suspect something is not right. Go straight to the police
station instead.
Always remember that crime has no boundaries. Crime
fighting involves both individual and collective awareness. 70
Prevention is always better than cure. In combating crime, one
small step, if taken collaboratively could eventually help to
decrease the chances of crime occurring or being repeated.
Adapted from: The Malaysian Women’s Weekly, May 2009.
EXERCISE 2.1
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9. ‘it’ in line 59 ___________________________________________
EXERCISE 2.2
1. According to the passage, what are the simple yet practical ways to
adopt to avoid being a victim of a crime?
3. What are the safety measures that one can take to ensure the safety
of one’s children?
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EXERCISE 2.3
1. The word ‘other than’ in the first line of the text link two ideas. What
are they?
(a) _________________________________________________
(b) _________________________________________________
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EXERCISE 2.4
2.1.2 Reading 2
Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow.
40
Security tags are other important items that one should have
while travelling, especially if one travels by airplanes. These could
prevent bag loss. To avoid revealing your home address and phone
number (as some people are not very comfortable doing that), you
could use your business address or business card in your luggage 20
tags. In addition to that, taping a card with your name and address
inside every bag you use could help you identify the bag if the
outside tags get lost.
One should never forget to bring the legal documents while
travelling or going on a holiday. These includes driving license, 25
identity card, insurance card, emergency assistance cards like the
AAA card, credit card (if you have one) and of course cash. You
will need them especially in the case of an emergency.
If you suffer from any illnesses that require prescribed
medicines, make sure you bring these along on your trip. If you will 30
be travelling on winding roads, a supply of over-the-counter
motion sickness medication is very helpful. Other than that, getting
yourself medication for flu, cold, and diarrhea could save you a lot
of precious travelling time too as you don’t have to worry about
spending money on medical treatments if you suffer from mild flu, 35
cold or diarrhea while vacationing.
Another item that is often useful but rarely being paid
attention to is the detailed maps of the places you are going. These
could really be useful as they could show you where you are in case
you are lost. Some will also highlight features along the route and 40
the all-important rest stops and petrol stations.
Next to the maps, people often forget the benefits of having a
small notebook (not a laptop ok!) and a pen or pencil. They come
in handy when you want or need to write something down, like
directions, contact number, important information etc. 45
Last but never the least, bring along some snacks. There is a
variety of snacks out there, which includes bottled water/mineral
water, individual packets of crackers, fruits, muffins, chocolates etc.
To make carrying easy, place them into disposable containers and
resealed plastic bags as you can throw them away once they are 50
empty.
Going on a holiday should be a celebrated affair as it helps one
to refresh one’s mind and body. However, to make that happen,
attention should be paid to the items necessary for the vacation as
these could help make things much better for you especially in an 55
event of an emergency in foreign places.
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EXERCISE 2.5
EXERCISE 2.6
42
2. Of all the groups of items mentioned, which is the most important?
Why?
3. Some travel items are important and useful while some are not.
Based on your understanding of the article, what item(s) you think is
the least important? Why?
4. In your opinion, what is the reason behind the writing of this article?
EXERCISE 2.7
1. The word ‘however’ in line 4 contrasts two ideas. What are they?
(a) __________________________________________________
(b) __________________________________________________
2. The phrase ‘on that note’ in line 7 is referring to an idea. What is it?
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
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(b) __________________________________________________
(c) __________________________________________________
4. ‘Next to’ in line 42 tells us of two linked ideas. What are they?
(a) __________________________________________________
(b) __________________________________________________
EXERCISE 2.8
2.2 GRAMMAR: THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
The (a) Sarah eats breakfast every The SIMPLE PRESENT is used
Simple day. to talk about daily habits or usual
Present (b) I usually go to work at 7.30 activities, as in (a) and (b).
44
a.m. The SIMPLE PRESENT
(c) Cats meow. Dogs bark. expresses general statements of
(d) NEGATIVE: It doesn’t fact, as in (c).
snow in Malaysia. To sum it up, the SIMPLE
(e) QUESTION: Does the PRESENT is used for events or
teacher like to ask questions? situations that exist always,
usually, or habitually in the past,
present, and future.
EXERCISE 2.9
Complete the following sentence with the correct form of the Simple
Present Tense.
2. She usually _______ (eat) durians with her parents and sister.
45
3. They usually _______ (buy) durians at a night market near their
house.
5. Local fruits like papaya and mango are good for health. Many
people _______ (like) to eat them.
6. People usually _______ (get) their supply of fresh local fruits from
the supermarket or night market.
9. One ________ (get) to choose the things that they want to buy
since there are many selections of brands sold there.
EXERCISE 2.10
2. secretary - _____________________________________
3. teacher - _____________________________________
4. writer - _____________________________________
5. cook - _____________________________________
46
7. pilot - _____________________________________
8. student - _____________________________________
9. architect - _____________________________________
Examples Explanation
I am a student Don’t use the ‘be’ with the action
I study English verb.
You are clever. I am study English.
You know the answer. You are know the answer.
He is busy. He is works hard.
He works hard.
EXERCISE 2.11
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the underlined verb.
47
8. He is from Penang. I _______ from Johor.
EXERCISE 2.12
1. You need to buy a ticket to visit the museums. You do not need to
buy a ticket to visit the stadium.
48
4. She goes to Ipoh every month. She ________________________ to
KL.
EXERCISE 2.13
49
_________________ (be) a tour guide. She ____________
(take) groups on tours of the capital city. Tour groups ____________
(not/need) to pay to visit the interesting places in the capital, but they do
__________________ (need) a reservation. Halimah _________ (is/not)
married. She _____________ (has) two roommates. They ______ (work) for
the government. Halimah and her roommates ___________ (work) hard. So
they _______________ (not/have) much time to visit all the interesting places
in the capital city. When Halimah’s friends and relatives ____________ (visit
from out of town, Halimah _________ (take) them to museums and other
tourist attractions.
Does Halimah work in Kuala To form questions with he, she, it,
Lumpur? everyone, family or a singular noun, use:
Yes, she does. Does + subject +base form
Plural Subject
Do you drink coffee every To form a question with I, we, you,
morning? they, or a plural noun, use: Do
Yes, I do. +subject+ base form
50
Compare statements and questions.
EXERCISE 2.14
51
EXERCISE 2.15
Two students are comparing teachers. Fill in the blanks to complete the
conversations.
2.7 WH-QUESTIONS WITH THE SIMPLE PRESENT
TENSE
Singular Subject
Wh-word Does Subject Verb Compliment To form a question with he,
Where does Vera work? she, it, everyone, family, or a
When does she do her homework? singular subject use:
How does Ahmad go to school? Wh- word + does + subject
What time does Haman eat dinner? +base form
Who does she live with? (When does the show begin?)
What floor does your brother live on? NOT
(When does the show begins)
52
Plural Subject
Wh- word Do Subject Verb Compliment To form a question with I, you,
Where do they work? we, they, or a plural subject use:
When do they do their homework? Wh- word + do + subject
How do they go to school? +base form
What time do they eat dinner? (When do the shows begin?)
Who do they live with? NOT
What floor do your brothers live on? (When do the shows begin)
EXERCISE 2.16
3. ___________________________________________________
I bring my books to class.
4. ___________________________________________________
The teacher brings his computer to class.
5. ___________________________________________________
I walk to school.
6. ___________________________________________________
I live in the city.
7. ___________________________________________________
On weekends, I usually spend my time with my friends.
8. ___________________________________________________
The teacher gives homework every day.
9. ___________________________________________________
The teacher gives homework because he wants us to remember the
lessons.
53
10. ___________________________________________________
I have six classes every day.
EXERCISE 2.17
Fill in the blanks in the conversation below with the missing words.
A: __________________________________ in Chile?
A: Isn’t it expensive.
54
B: It _______________________ five ringgit. We can talk for 35
minutes.
B: We say “hola”. Please excuse me now. I’m late for my class. See you
later.
2.8 COMPARING WH-QUESTIONS – ‘BE’ AND OTHER
VERBS
EXERCISE 2.18
55
3. A: _______________________ you go to school?
B: Yes.
A: _______________________ your brother go to school too?
B: No. He quit school last semester. He has a job now.
A: _________________ it a good job?
B: Not really.
A: Where ______________ he work?
B: At a restaurant. He helps in the kitchen.
A: ______________ he live with you?
B: No, he lives with my parents.
A: ______________________ your parents unhappy when he quit
school?
B: They are unhappy about it.
A: __________________ they want him to return to school?
B: Of course. They have dreams for him and his future.
EXERCISE 2.19
A. Find the mistakes with the underlined words and correct them.
56
10. Why you don’t want to see the dentist? (______________)
B. Fill in the blanks with the affirmative form of the verb in bracket.
Then write the negative form of the verb.
1. A monkey lives in a warm climate.
It doesn’t live in a cold climate.
57
4. The CD costs me RM18.
How much ______________________________________
EXERCISE 2.20
Johan: Tell me, Lulu, where DO you WRITE (write) your songs?
Lu: Often they come from the things around me, the newspapers
and things I read about.
58
J: _____ the members of the group _________ (spend) much time
together?
59
EXERCISE 2.21
Fill in the blanks with an appropriate frequency word about your class or
this university.
1. The male students _______________ wear a tie when attending
lectures.
EXERCISE 2.22
1. I eat fish.
I usually eat fish on Sundays.
60
2. I cook the meals in my house.
__________________________________________________
5. I am active in class.
__________________________________________________
EXERCISE 2.23
1. Malaysians/often
Malaysians often spend their weekends window shopping.
2. My neighbour/ometimes
________________________________________________
61
3. The boys in my class/never
________________________________________________
5. My father/usually
_________________________________________________
62
EXERCISE 2.24
2.11 QUESTION WITH EVER
63
Be Subject Eve Verb Complement Short Answer
Is the shop ever open on a holiday? Yes, it sometimes is.
No, it never is.
Are the boys ever been to the library? Yes, they always are.
No, they never are.
EXERCISE 2.25
EXERCISE 2.26
Fill in the blanks with a frequency word to make a statement. Then ask a
question with ever.
64
3. I sometimes check my mailbox in the morning.
__________________________________________________
We ask a question with how often when we want to know the frequency
of an activity.
EXERCISE 2.27
Ask a question with “How often do you …? And the word given.
Shave
1. How often do you shave?
I shave every morning.
65
2. Wash your clothes
__________________________________________________
6. Go to the gym
__________________________________________________
EXERCISE 2.28
Read the composition below about a teacher. Find the mistakes with the
underlined words, and correct them.
My English teacher are Jo Ann. She teach speaking and listening. She
very nice but she are very strict.She usually give a lot of homework and
we takes a lot of tests. I sometimes fail the test. I sad. English hard for
me.
Every day, at the beginning of class, she take attendance and we hand in
our homework. Then she is explain the grammar. We are do the
exercises in the book. The book have a lot of exercises. Most of the
exercises is easy, but some is hard.
Sometimes, she askes us to answer out loud, but most of the time we
writes the answers. Once in a while, she askes one of the students to
write the answer on the whiteboard.
We likes our teacher because she make the class interesting. She sings
sometimes in class and we learns new words. Once a month, we watches
a movie in class. Always I enjoy her lessons.
After class, I sometimes going to her office if I wants more help. She
very helpful and try always to help me.
Jo Ann dresses always formally. She usually wears a skirt and wears never
pants. She is about 30 years old but she is looks like a teenager. I
66
very happy with my teacher. She understands the problems faced by her
students. Her first language is not English but she speak English very
well. She is knows it is hard to learn another language.
QUESTION:
(e) Are the students
listening to the lecture
right now?
67
EXERCISE 2.29
10. I can see them. Right now, Alina and Sara _____________ (walk)
quickly toward me.
68
2.14 QUESTIONS WITH THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS
TENSE
She is drawing.
Is she drawing a picture? No, she is not/isn’t.
The boys are singing.
EXERCISE 2.30
Use the words given to ask question about what your class is doing now.
69
5. the teacher/ help
A: _____________________________________
B: _____________________________________
9. we /review Unit 10
A: ____________________________________
B: ____________________________________
EXERCISE 2.31
Change the verbs into the Present Continuous tense and make necessary
changes to the time phrase.
70
4. The mechanic services our car every 5000 km.
____________________________________________________
71
He-She-It does not talk. talking.
He-She-It is not talking.
QUESTION Do I-you-we-they talk? Am I talking?
Does he-she-it talk? Are you-we-they talking?
Is he-she-it talking?
EXERCISE 2.32
It is 8 p.m., and Mr. Aziz and his family are in their living room.
Mrs. Aina, Mr. Aziz’s wife (1) ______________________ (sit)
on the sofa. She (2) _____________ (read) a newspaper. She
(3) ______________ (read) the newspaper every day. Mr. Aziz
(4) ________________ (watch) television. He (5)
_______________ (watch) television every night. He (6)
_______________ (like) to watch the news. Their children, Zeti
and Salman (7) _____________ (not, watch) the news on TV.
They(8) _______________ (play) with their toys. They usually
(9) _______________ (play) with their toys before they (10)
_______________ (go) to bed every night.
72
5. At the moment I (eat) ______________ chocolates with my
sister. We (like) _______________ chocolates. We (eat)
________________ them once a week.
73
Whenever possible, the topic sentence should be placed at the beginning
of a paragraph. In that position, it is very a helpful guide to both the
writer and the reader. The writer can more easily see what information to
include in the paragraph, and what information to exclude.
(i) Students who prefer to work alone often have trouble concentrating when other
students are nearby. They try to find quiet places to study .Coffee shops are
noisy. They can study effectively in libraries, study rooms , or alone at home.
Sometimes they use ear plugs to find quiet and to concentrate. They wear head
phones to listen to music. These students do best when there are no distractions.
(ii) Hobbies are activities that we do during our free time. For most of us, we do it
not so much for financial rewards but more for interest and enjoyment. The
more familiar hobbies are stamps collecting, painting, or simply cooking for
others. By having a hobby, one acquires substantial skills, knowledge, and
experience. Above all, a sense of satisfaction and accomplishment is normally
gained by involving oneself in a hobby.
(iii) The three main ethnic groups in Malaysia are the Malays, Chinese and
Indians. There are also various non-Malay people who are designated as
indigenous. Non-Malay indigenous groups like the Muruts, Ibans. Kadasans
and Dusuns make up more than half of the population of Sabah and
Sarawak. They also exist in much smaller numbers on the Peninsula, where
they are collectively called Orang Asli. Nevertheless, they share some general
cultural similarities. Other races in Malaysia include those of European,
Middle Eastern, Cambodian, Thai and Vietnamese descent. All these ethnic
groups have historically played an important role in trade and business.
EXERCISE 2.33
Example:
I am terrible at doing the laundry.
a) I forget to separate the colored clothes from the white ones and
sometimes end up with gray t-shirts and underwear.
b) I rarely read the cleaning instructions and have ruined clothes by
putting them in the washing machine instead of dry-cleaning them.
c) I often shrink my favourite shirts because I leave them in the dryer
for too long.
74
1. It is almost impossible to study in my room.
a) __________________________________________________
b) __________________________________________________
c) __________________________________________________
75
CHAPTER 3
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
3.1 READING
3.1.1 Reading 1
77
1972. Unfortunately, the campaign failed because man
continued to cut down trees and destroy the birds and their
natural habitat. Another reason for the campaign’s failure
was the lack of support from the government. It was mainly
carried out by environmental groups which lacked money to 15
carry out well-organised campaigns.
Despite its name, the monkey-eating eagle eats not only
monkeys but flying lemurs, flying squirrels and other small
animals. Although the bird is enormous in size, it has a
surprisingly soft call which is long, low-pitched whistle 20
rather than the typical eagle shriek.
The monkey-eating eagle hunts for most of the day. It
hunts with extreme speed and is capable of great flexibility
in its movement. The male eagle attracts the attention of the
female with a great display of its ability in flight. It 25
sometimes demonstrates its ability in the air by making a
series of loops, diving, turning and climbing back like an
arrow, with powerful strokes. At the top of each loop, the
eagle spreads its wings and dives.
The female eagle lays only one egg a year. It makes its 30
nest about 30 metres above the ground. The monkey-eating
eagle has a lifespan of about 40 years. The female begins to
lay eggs in her fifth year. It has a reproductive span of about
15 years.
EXERCISE 3.1
78
7. ‘it’ in line 31 ________________________________________
EXERCISE 3.2
79
EXERCISE 3.3
80
EXERCISE 3.4
COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. rare (line 2) A. huge
2. endangered (line 4) B. damage that is so severe that
3. disappear (line 4) something stops existing
4. destruction (line 7) C. the process of mating and producing
5. breeding (line 7) young animals
6. dwindled (line 8) D. a type of animal or plant that may
7. habitat (line 13) soon become extinct
8. enormous (line 19) E. a round shape or curve
9. loop (line 28) F. not happening very often
10. reproductive (line 33) G. no longer seen
H. to become gradually less until little
remains
I. the type of place that an animal
normally lives
J. relating to the process of having
babies or producing young animals
or plants
3.1.2 Reading 2
81
undertaken on honey, however, have proven that the 10
benefits of this wonder liquid are genuine enough.
To begin with, it is a valuable addition to one’s daily
diet. Being a good source of energy, honey is nourishing
and helps prevent dehydration when exercising heavily.
Besides that, honey-flavoured tea is also a wonderful 15
drink to reduce stress and relax the mind. It is prepared by
making a cup of chamomile tea with some fresh or dry
mint leaves as well as a teaspoonful of honey. The same tea
taken just before bedtime will also ensure a good night’s
sleep. Furthermore, there is a lot to be said for 20
substituting honey for sugar whenever possible. Using
honey as a sweetener in drinks or cooking can help you
lose weight as honey contains fewer calories than refined
sugar.
Honey is also used for its medicinal qualities. For 25
instance, it can help ease a wide variety of digestive
problems. Those with gastric problems take one to three
teaspoonfuls of honey especially on an empty stomach just
before bedtime. Known to be a good natural laxative,
honey helps to keep bowel movements regular. 30
Some mothers find honey to be an excellent remedy for
a troublesome cough. The honey cough drop is made with
a quarter of a cup of honey and one tablespoon each of
fresh lime or lemon juice and pure glycerine (which you
can get at any pharmacy). An excellent traditional remedy 35
for sore throat is to sip steaming hot tea with a teaspoonful
or two of honey.
Besides that, honey is also beneficial if it is prepared
with cinnamon. Take one part honey to two parts of warm
water and add a small teaspoon of cinnamon powder, make 40
a paste and massage it on the itching part of the body. It is
noticed that the pain recedes within a minute or two. For
arthritis patients, take one cup of hot water with two
spoons of honey and one small teaspoon of cinnamon
powder every morning and night. Even chronic arthritis 45
can be cured if they drink this mixture regularly. In
addition, honey is also beneficial for those who are
suffering from heart attack. Make a paste of honey with
cinnamon powder. Then, spread the paste on bread. This is
much better than taking jam. Eat this regularly for 50
breakfast. It reduces the cholesterol in the arteries and
saves a person from heart attack. If a person already had an
experience of heart attack, he or she should do this process
82
daily to avoid from getting the next heart attack. As a
result, it will relieve loss of breath and strengthens the 55
heart beat.
A special honey formula keeps skin soft and looking
young. The ingredients are one egg white, a teaspoonful of
honey and teaspoonful of milk. The ingredients are beaten
and applied to clean skin. The mixture should be left on for 60
at least half an hour. This formula was said to have been
used by the beautiful Egyptian queen, Cleopatra.
EXERCISE 3.5
EXERCISE 3.6
83
2. Why are doctors still unclear on the benefits of honey?
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
84
EXERCISE 3.7
2. The word ‘however’ in line 10 contrasts one idea. What is the idea?
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
85
EXERCISE 3.8
COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. substance (line 1) A. to show awareness of; approve of or
2. maintain (line 2) appreciate
3. recognize (line 5) B. real, rather than pretended or false
4. complex (line 7) C. to use something new or different instead of
5. genuine (line 11) what is normally used
6. nourishing (line13) D. a particular type of liquid, solid, or gas
7. substituting (line 21) E. to remove things from a natural substance in
8. refined (line 23) order to make it pure
9. ease (line 26) F. the part of your body where solid waste are
10. bowel (line 30) formed
G. to make something stay the same
H. providing the food needed to live, grow, and
be healthy
I. the ability to do something easily
J. with a lot of details
3.2 GRAMMAR - SIMPLE PAST TENSE
86
Simple past tense of be
Singular Plural
I was we were
you were (one person) you were (more than one person)
she was they were
he was the girls were
it was Abdullah and Siti were
Haziany was
EXERCISE 3.9
1. I am in class today.
I was in class yesterday.
7. Mr. Fitri and Miss Farah are very happy today. _____________
87
3.2.2 Past Time Words: Yesterday, Last, and Ago
last Sunday
last Monday
last Tuesday
EXERCISE 3.10
88
8. My father had to go for a conference ________________ month.
EXERCISE 3.11
Fill in the blanks below with the correct Simple Past form of the verb in
brackets.
89
10. The children (be) ________________ happy to have a chance to
watch Transformers last week.
NEGATIVE
CONSTRUCTIONS
(a) I was not at home yesterday. was + not = wasn’t
(Singular)
(b) I wasn’t at home yesterday.
were + not = weren’t
(c) They were not at home yesterday. (Plural)
90
INFORMATION SHORT ANSWER + (LONG
QUESTIONS ANSWER)
(d) Where were you last night? At home.
Where + (be) + (subject) (I was at home last night.)
EXERCISE 3.12
91
8. (Mr. Iskandar / at the post office / this morning)
A : _____________________________________________
B : No, ___________________________________________
A : Where _________________________________________
B : At the bank.
Simple Present (a) I walk to the office every day. Verb + -ed = the
simple past tense
Simple Past (b) I walked to the office yesterday.
92
EXERCISE 3.13
Fill in the blanks below with the correct Simple Present or Simple Past
form of the verb in brackets.
93
EXERCISE 3.14
Examples:
I saw the show last night.
They did their homework in class.
John felt happy when he saw me.
Explanation:
Many verbs are irregular in the past tense. An irregular verb does not use
the –ed ending.
94
b) Verbs with change
c) Other verbs
EXERCISE 3.15
Fill in the blanks with the Simple Past Tense of the verbs in brackets.
95
7. My brother ___________ (play) the piano at his friend’s farewell
party.
9. The police ___________ (catch) the thief two days after the
robbery.
12. Amy ___________ (spend) a lot of money when she went to Kota
Bharu last month.
14. Intan __________ (stand) in the rain four three hours last night.
Sentences can begin with word “there” followed by the verb “be” in the
Simple Past tense.
Past Tense --- “was” is used for Singular subject /”were” is used for
plural subject.
Example
A man was outside the house.
There was a man outside the house.
96
EXERCISE 3.16
10. There _______ so much noise coming from our neighbour’s house.
13. There _______ many people at the night market last night.
14. There _______ only one student at the clinic this morning.
97
3.3.1 Negative Form of “There”
Example
“was”
There was a cup on the table.
There wasn’t a cup on the table.
“were”
There were many students at the Mall.
There weren’t many students at the Mall.
EXERCISE 3.17
98
10. There was enough medicine to cure the disease.
_________________________________________________.
Example
There was a pencil on the desk.
Was there a pencil on the desk?
EXERCISE 3.18
99
8. There was a loaf of bread on the kitchen table.
_________________________________________________.
(e) Did you cry because father Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
scolded you?
(g) Did Akmar come at ten? Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t.
(i) What time did Akmar What time usually asks for a specific
come? time on a clock.
At ten.
Six o’clock.
Around 8.15.
100
(j) When Akmar come? The answer to when can be various
At ten. expressions of time.
Sunday
1st August.
Last night.
This morning.
EXERCISE 3.19
2. A: __________________________________________
B: Because she was very tired. (I did not join the party because I
was very tired.)
3. A: ___________________________________________
B: Because I was late for the meeting. (Mrs. Hazirah cried because
she was late for the meeting.)
4. A: ________________________________________
B: Three days ago. (Mr. Iskandar completed his assignment three
days ago.)
5. A: _______________________________________
B: At seven o’clock this morning. (My mother arrived at seven
o’clock this morning.)
6. A: _____________________________________________
B: She overslept. (Faridatul was late to class because she overslept.)
101
7. A: ______________________________________________
B: At the cinema. (Amy and Akmal met at the cinema.)
8. A: ______________________________________________
B: At 10.15 a.m. (Fitri fetched his sister at 10.15 a.m.)
9. A: _____________________________________________
B: At IKEA. (Mrs. Hazirah bought her new dining table at IKEA.)
10. A: ______________________________________________
B: Because she had to attend an urgent meeting. (Aminah could not
visit her grandmother because she had to attend an urgent
meeting.)
11. A: _____________________________________________
B: On Friday morning. (I arrived in UUM on Friday morning.)
12. A: ____________________________________________
B: Because it was too expensive. (I did not buy the ring because it
was too expensive.)
13. A: _____________________________________________
B: Around midnight. (The thief broke into the house around
midnight.)
14. A: ______________________________________________
B: In Italy. (Farah and her family spent their holiday in Italy.)
15. A: ______________________________________________
B: Because Akmal got bad results in his final examination. (Akmal
was unhappy he got bad results in his final examination.)
102
(b) to describe two actions going on at the same time in the past.
eg. : Farah was talking on the phone while I was sleeping.
EXERCISE 3.20
Picture A Picture B
Picture C Picture D
Picture E Picture F
103
Picture G Picture H
Picture I Picture G
104
3.5.1.1 While vs when
(a) The thief broke into my The verb in a while-clause is often past
house while I was sleeping. progressive. Eg. in (a) and (b).
(c) When the thief broke into my The verb in a when-clause is often simple
house, I was sleeping. past. Eg. in (c) and (d).
EXERCISE 3.21
2. When I (get) got back from school yesterday, my father (talk) was
talking on the yesterday.
105
8. The audience (cheer) _________________ loudly when their
favourite singer (appear) _________________ on the stage.
16. Kaseh (play) _________________ with her cats when her father,
Iskandar (call) _________________ her.
106
EXERCISE 3.22
Fill in the blanks below with the correct Simple Past form or Past
Progressive Tense of the verb in brackets.
7. The children (play) _______________ hide and seek when the lights
(go) _______________ off.
107
14. I _______________ (save) RM200 last month.
EXERCISE 3.23
1. _____________________________________________________
__________________________________while I was watering the
plants.
3. __________________________________________,Farah was
teaching.
7. ______________________________________________, when I
received the bad news.
108
9. _____________________________________________________,
while I was preparing dinner.
3.6 WRITING
Transition signals are used to link sentences so that the sentences make
sense and help the flow of your writing.
109
To show examples for example, for instance, to illustrate
EXERCISE 3.24
110
10. Linda is a very beautiful girl. ______________, she is very stingy
______________ greedy.
EXERCISE 3.25
111
8. There are many disadvantages of eating fast food. First,
_____________________________________________________.
Second, ______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________.
10. Some people prefer to live in the city, while some prefer to live in the
countryside. The city provides many benefits for instance
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
______________________________________.
On the contrary, the countryside____________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________.
EXERCISE 3.26
My neighbour
She always helps me whenever I have problems. For instance, when I fell
ill a few months ago, she sent me to the hospital and took good care of
me. In addition, she never forgets to water my plants when I am not
around. Mrs. Intan is a very kind neighbour. It is very difficult to get a
neighbour as kind as Mrs. Intan nowadays. I really appreciate her as my
neighbour.
The internet
We can write to our families, teachers, and friends through email and
with just one click at the fingertip, the email will be sent to the people we
112
want to in just a few seconds. The internet brings advantages to us in
many ways such as saving our time. Furthermore, we can also shop
online through the internet. Shopping online can save a lot of our time.
We just need to browse the website of the things that we want and
purchase our order online. We do not have to drive and get stuck in the
traffic jam. Besides that, we could also avoid queuing to make payment.
EXERCISE 3.27
2. Every student has their own way of studying when the exam is just
around the corner.
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________.
113
EXERCISE 3.28
My new house
EXERCISE 3.30
Playing football
114
________________________________________________________.
After a while, it started to rain. All of us ran towards the building nearby.
Finally,___________________________________________________
________________________________________________________.
EXERCISE 3.31
115
CHAPTER 4
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
4.1 READING
4.1.1 Reading 1
117
Pulau Redang and its family of eight smaller islands are
situated 46 km. north-east of Kuala Terengganu. Above all,
these islands are famous for a great variety of soft corals. Marine
biologists believe that the shallow sea-bed in the area, the warm
currents plus the shelter provided by the circle of islands all 20
contribute to the rich coral environment. This makes it look
like an underwater jewel exhibition. Sadly, however, scores of Pulau
Redang’s underwater wonders have been destroyed. The thorn
starfish feeds upon corals, destroying them in the process.
Besides this, dragging anchors from boats may further damage 25
the coral bed. Then there are the fishermen, who the major
culprits. They blast vast areas of coral with dynamite in order to
get the fish.
Besides corals there are also other forms of marine life in
Pulau Redang. Varieties of fish can be found there. Every once 30
in a while families of clams can also be seen. They are white and
silvery or brilliantly purple.
We visited various corals locations around Telok Kemang,
near Pulau Kerengga Besar and Kecil, and near Pulau Lima. Vast
areas of corals have been destroyed by the fishermen but some 35
regrowth has begun as a result of action by concerned people.
Their call to set up a marine park must be supported; otherwise
the remaining marine life will be wiped out. That would be very
sad indeed.
EXERCISE 4.1
118
EXERCISE 4.2
1. What are Pulau Redang and the nearby islands most famous for?
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
2. What does Telok Kalong beach have that other beaches in Pulau
Redang don’t?
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
3. What three factors contribute to the rich growth of coral in the sea
around Pulau Redang?
(a) ________________________________________________
(b) ________________________________________________
(c) ________________________________________________
4. Name three varieties of marine life found around the island of Pulau
Redang?
(a) ________________________________________________
(b) ________________________________________________
(c) ________________________________________________
EXERCISE 4.3
With the help of a dictionary write out the meaning of the following
words as they appear in the passage.
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3. contribute (line 21) ______________________________________
4.1.2 Reading 2
A VISIT TO BANGKOK
120
klong boats in the many canals in Bangkok. Unfortunately most
boat people do not speak any language but Thai. Therefore, 30
most tourists find it difficult to arrange a boat for hire.
In Bangkok accommodation is easy to find. The city is over-
supplied with luxury class hotels so prices are not very high.
There are also three-star hotels as well as cheap hotels, so there
is something to suit everyone’s pocket. If a tourist is really 35
travelling cheap, many Thai wats or temples allow male tourists
to stay. Such a tourist should get permission from the priest, and
must not forget to leave a donation behind.
There are many beautiful, religious and historical buildings
in Bangkok. In addition, there are other tourist attractions like 40
the floating market, and shopping for Thai silk and gemstones.
However the best experience for the visitor is meeting Thai
people. The country is called The Land of Smiles for a good
reason. It is said that the Thais are among the most friendly
people in the world. Thai customs and manners reflect a 45
gentleness and courtesy which is rare elsewhere.
EXERCISE 4.4
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EXERCISE 4.5
4. What are the two things that a visitor must do if he wants to stay at
the temple?
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
5. Why are the Thais considered to be among the most friendly people
in the world?
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
EXERCISE 4.6
Column A Column B
1. via (line 4 A. ways
2. haggle (line 10) B. passing through
3. means (line 22) C. range
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4. klong (line 26) D. bargain
5. class (line 38) E. temple
6. tourist (line 40) F. visitor to a foreign country
7. wat (line 41) G. canal
He’ll swim.
She’ll jump
It’ll take turn.
They will not receive their salary. Put not after will to
They won’t receive their salary. form the negative.
EXERCISE 4.7
Fill in the blanks with the Simple Future Tense of the verbs from the
box. Use each verb only once.
123
3. Tomorrow, I ___________________ the money from the students.
EXERCISE 4.8
124
3. The school will make all the arrangements for the students.
____________________________________________________?
EXERCISE 4.9
Fill in the blanks with the Simple Present Tense or the Simple Future
Tense.
125
4. My brother has borrowed my bicycle. He ________________
(return) it when he ____________ (visit) me tomorrow.
126
EXERCISE 4.10
127
EXERCISE 4.11
5. We don’t have any sugar and rice in the house. When I go out
shopping, I _________________________________ them.
128
EXERCISE 4.12
S: ____________________________________________ (tell) us
when the test will be held?
important more important most important Adjectives with three or more syllables
difficult more difficult more difficult
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quickly more quickly most quickly -ly adverbs
brightly more brightly most brightly
Exceptions
handsome, gentle, narrow, clever, friendly Other two-syllable adjectives that have two forms
angry, polite, stupid
Examples
Kuala Lumpur is a bigger city than Seremban.
This chair is more comfortable than that chair.
My sister is taller than me.
We use the comparative form to compare two items. We use than before
the second item of the comparison.
Examples
The cost of living in Kuala Lumpur is much higher than in Alor Setar.
EXERCISE 4.13
3. bad ___________________
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4. cheap ___________________
5. old ___________________
6. popular ___________________
7. funny ___________________
8. long ___________________
9. beautiful ___________________
EXERCISE 4.14
1. Hassan bought a CD player two years ago. I bought one last month.
Hassan’s CD player ______________________________ mine.
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8. Kuala Lumpur _______________________________ than Kucing.
EXERCISE 4.15
Write sentences use the comparative adjective with the correct form of be.
132
10. Joe / funny/ Jamal.
__________________________________________________
EXERCISE 4.16
133
4.3.3 Making Comparisons: As ( Adjective) … As
We can show two things are equal or unequal in some way by using :
as + adjective/adverb + as
Example
Joe is as tall as his father.
My room is as big as my sister’s.
Erik is as strong as his teammates.
He doesn’t speak Arabic as fluently as his father.
EXERCISE 4.17
2. old ____________________________________________
3. educated ____________________________________________
4. intelligent ____________________________________________
5. patient ____________________________________________
6. lazy ____________________________________________
7. tall ____________________________________________
8. friendly ____________________________________________
9. talkative ____________________________________________
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4.4 SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES
Examples
Kuala Lumpur is the biggest city in Malaysia.
China has the largest population in the world.
Mt. Everest is the tallest mountain in the world.
The KLCC Towers is one of the tallest buildings in the world.
Penang Hill is one of the most popular tourist attractions in Malaysia.
We use the superlative form to pint out the number-one item of a group
of three or more. We use the before the superlative form.
EXERCISE 4.18
Adjective Superlative
1. small the smallest
2. big _________________________
3. funny _________________________
4. interesting _________________________
5. hot _________________________
6. nice _________________________
7. important _________________________
8. good _________________________
9. bad _________________________
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10. beautiful _________________________
EXERCISE 4.19
136
EXERCISE 4.20
Read the passage below. Find and correct eight mistakes in the use of the
superlative. The first mistake is already corrected.
Restaurant Review
Last week I had dinner at the Serai Grill, a popular restaurant in Alor
Setar. In a city with more than 20 restaurants, this is (1) the more
(most) beautiful restaurant in town. It is also (2) the expensive. I was
with a group of four people, and we each ordered something different.
The chicken with mushrooms and cream was definitely (3) the more
deliciousest. (4) The more unusual dish was fish satay in a nut sauce.
Very interesting. My wife likes hot food. Her Tom Yam seafood was (5)
the most hottest dish. My steak was good, but not (6) the better.
Desserts were terrific. They make (6) the goodest cheese cake in the
world! I recommend the Serai for special events. Be sure to make a
reservation. This is (7) one of the popular restaurants in town.
EXERCISE 4.21
2. longest river
The Nile is the longest river in the world.
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4. most famous actor
_____________________________________________________
4.5 WRITING
Example
The bus stopped and the passengers got out.
Kassim is tall, but his brother is short.
Do you want to play tennis or go jogging?
I like to read, but I don’t have much time.
We invited Shalina to the party, but she can’t come.
But gives the idea that the second idea is opposite of the first. A comma
usually comes before but
138
EXERCISE 4.22
Choose the right connectors (and, but, or, so, because) to join each pair
of sentences together into one sentence. Write out the sentence.
1. The football game ended. The spectators ran into the field.
_____________________________________________________
6. Jenny likes to watch comedy movies. They make her forget her
troubles.
_____________________________________________________
7. Some people like to live in the city. Some people prefer to live the
village.
_____________________________________________________
10. Hafiz walked to class yesterday. His car would not start.
_____________________________________________________
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EXERCISE 4.23
Complete the following sentence following the connectors. Write out the
sentence.
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
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c) The conclusion – summarizes the main points.
Exercise
Write a five – paragraph descriptive essay on one of the following topics.
o A special family celebration
o A famous tourist attraction in my country.
o My favorite food.
o An unforgettable experience.
o How I usually spend my weekend.
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ANSWER KEY
CHAPTER 1
Exercise 1.1
1. petai
2. the petai seed / the petai
3. orang asli
4. petai trees
Exercise 1.2
1. Parkid Speciosa
2. Because it is something you either like or hate
3. Eaten with rice
4. Because of its unpleasant smell
5. Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, and Selangor produce petai in abundance.
This is because these states have many orang Asli who gather petai
which grows in the deep jungle.
6. In recent years
7. In August .
8. Vitamins A, B, and C
9. To poison fish
10. To preserve the petai, the stalls are dipped in hot water , salted and
kept in bottles.
Exercise 1.3
1. Successful treatment has become available in recent years.
2. A person
3. The victim
4. Bridges
5. Agrophobia
6. Phobics
7. Dr. Manuel Zane
8. The phobic is to face up to his fear
9. The woman who was afraid of using escalators
10. Not many people know that mental illness can be reliably and
effectively treated
Exercise 1.4
1. Phobias are fears that disturb a person and make him behave in ways
that are not normal.
2. A fear is a feeling of scared or horrified when there is danger but a
phobia however, causes unreasonable panic when there is no real
danger.
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3. i) to stop thinking about fears by doing such things such as counting
the numbers on the license plate
ii) to practice talking out loud
iii) to face up to the fear.
4. Because they don’t know that mental illness can be reliably and
effectively treated.
Exercise 1.5
1. i) We all experience fears and anxieties
ii)A phobia causes unreasonable panic when there is no real danger.
2. i) A person who has a fear of swallowing will be afraid to eat
thinking that he may get choked.
ii) One with a phobia for caterpillars may be unable to go outdoors.
3. The phobia becomes the victim’s main concern in life and that the
phobics cannot escape from thinking about it.
4. Some phobics will develop strange behavior
5. i) the real cause of phobia is unknown
ii) it could be passed down from generation to generation
Exercise 1.6
1. e
2. b
3. d
4. a
5. c
Exercise 1.7
1. am
2. is
3. are
4. are
5. are
6. is
7. is
8. are
9. are
10. are
Exercise 1.8
1. She’s
2. He’s
3. She’s
4. They’re
5. They’re
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6. He’s
7. They’re
8. It’s
9. They’re
10. They’re
Exercise 1.9
1. is not
2. am not
3. are not
4. is not
5. is not
6. is not
7. are not
8. is not
9. is not
10. is not
Exercise 1.16
1. Is your hometown big?
2. Is Spanish your first language?
3. Are they at work?
4. Are durians very delicious?
5. Is she here today?
Exercise 1.17
1. him
2. Her
3. it
4. it
5. me
6. Them
7. Us
8. him
9. You
10. them
Exercise 1.18
1. it 4. It
2. It’s 5. me
3. I 6. You
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7. you 20. It
8. 21. Them
9. it 22. I
10. I 23. They
11. You 24. I
12. It 25. Them
13. 26. Them
14. Me 27. I
15. You 28. Me
16. I 29. you
17. You 30. them
18. us 31. I
19. It 32. you
Exercise 1.19
1. Where is
2. When is
3. Who is
4. What is
5. Why are
6. Where are
7. How are
8. Where is
9. When is
10. How is
Exercise 1.20
1. These are
2. Those are
3. This is
4. That is
5. These are
6. These are
7. That is
8. This is
9. That is
10. This is
Exercise 1.21
1. have
2. Has
3. Have
4. Has
5. Has
6. has/have
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7. Has
8. has
9. have
10. have
Exercise 1.22
1. are
2. Is
3. There isn’t
4. There are
5. There is
6. There is
7. There are
8. There isn’t
9. there is
10. There are
Exercise 1.23
2.. Is there a tree in front of the building? Yes, there is. No there isn’t.
3. Is there a food court at the mall? Yes, there is. No there isn’t.
4. Are there many people at the market every morning? Yes, there are .
No there aren’t..
5. Are there many animals at the zoo? Yes, there are . No there aren’t.
6. Is there a man selling traditional food at Pekan Rabu? Yes, there is.
No there isn’t.
CHAPTER 2
Exercise 2.1
1. Tan Sri Lee Lam Thye
2. Anti crime culture
3. Malaysian community
4. Answer incoming calls or text messages
5. Your children / children
6. Responsibilities
7. Valuable items like cell phones, laptop bags, handbags, shopping
bags
8. Valuable items like cell phones, laptop bags, handbags, shopping
bags
9. Your car / the car
10. Uniformed person
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Exercise 2.2
1. Practicing vigilance by trusting one’s instincts, by staying connected,
doing role play sessions with one’s children, having age-appropriate
expectations of one’s children, not leaving valuables in easy to reach
places, not leaving car key in ignition unattended and being careful
with strangers.
2. It is necessary in order to instill awareness of the seriousness of
crime in the Malaysian community.
3. One could teach their children how to react when facing a potential
criminal and assign responsibilities only when they are able to handle
them.
4. Ask that person for his/her ID and keep oneself alert at all times.
Exercise 2.3
1. a) the current economic situation
b) crime
2. a) listen for strange noises or sounds
b) keep yourself alert / be alert
3. One could easily lose one’s valuables and injure oneself.
4. a) If you need to answer incoming calls or text messages while
driving, stop and park your car in a safe place.
b) If you are walking, stand against a wall so that you have a 180-
degree view of the people around you.
5. In combating crime, collaborative effort could help to decrease the
chances of crime occurring or being repeated.
Exercise 2.4
1. d
2. e
3. b
4. a
5. c
Exercise 2.5
1. Going on a dream holiday.
2. Plan your travel carefully.
3. Travel-sized goods.
4. Security tags.
5. Revealing your home address and phone number.
6. Use your business address or business card in your luggage tags.
7. Legal documents / driving license, identity card, insurance card,
emergency assistance cards, credit card and cash.
8. Prescribed medicines.
9. Detailed maps.
10. Snacks
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Exercise 2.6
1. Travel-sized goods, security tags, legal documents, (prescribed)
medicines, detailed maps of travel destination, small notebook and
pencil, snacks.
2. Student’s own answer.
3. Student’s own answer.
4. Student’s own answer. Suggested answer: To remind travelers of
things that could ensure a hassle free holiday.
Exercise 2.7
1. a) Going on a dream holiday is a joy when thoroughly prepared.
b) Going on a dream holiday could turn into a bad experience if not
carefully planned
2. Knowing what to do and what to bring when travelling.
3. Any of the products mentioned in the article e.g. shampoo,
deodorant, baby wipes etc.
4. a) the benefits of having detailed maps of places one is going.
b) The benefits of having a small notebook and a pen/ pencil.
5. Example.
Exercise 2.8
1. c
2. a
3. b
4. e
5. d
Exercise 2.9
1. likes
2. eats
3. buy
4. give
5. like
6. get
7. open
8. sells
9. get
10. like
Exercise 2.10
Student’s own answer.
Exercise 2.11
1. gets
2. is
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3. studies
4. gets
5. Has
6. is
7. live
8. am
9. study
10. watch
11. eat
12. use
Exercise 2.12
1. do not need
2. does not have
3. do not buy
4. does not go
5. does not have
6. do not work
7. does not live
8. do not need
Exercise 2.13
1. lives
2. does not live
3. is not
4. does not need
5. is
6. uses
7. does not work
8. is
9. takes
10. do not need
11. need
12. is not
13. has
14. work
15. Work
16. do not have
17. visit
18. takes
Exercise 2.14
1. Yes, I do / No, I don’t.
2. Yes, she does / No, she doesn’t.
3. Yes, he does / No, he doesn’t.
150
4. Yes, they do / No, they don’t.
5. Yes, they do / No, they don’t.
6. Yes, he does / No, he doesn’t.
7. Yes, they do / No, they don’t.
8. Yes, he does / No, he doesn’t.
9. Yes, they do/ No, they don’t.
10. Yes, they do / No, they don’t.
Exercise 2.15
A: like
B: do, have
A: does she speak
B: speaks
A: talks, don’t understand, gives
B: does your teacher give
A: gives, wears, does your teacher wear
A: talks, does, talk
B: does
Exercise 2.16
1. Where do you live?
2. Who do you live with ?
3. What do you bring to class?
4. What does the teacher bring to class ?
5. How do you go to school?
6. Where do you live?
7. How do you spend your weekends?
8. What does the teacher give every day?
9. Why does the teacher give us homework?
10. How many classes do you have every day?
Exercise 2.17
A: What is your name?
B: My name is John Fernandez.
A: How do you spell Fernandez?
B: FERNANDEZ. It’s a Spanish name.
A: Are you from Spain?
B: No, I am not from Spain.
A: What country are you from?
B: I come from Chile.
A: What language do they use in Chile?
B: They speak Spanish and a little bit of English.
A: Is your family here?
B: No. My family is still in Chile. I call them once a week.
A: Isn’t it expensive?
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B: No, it isn’t. I use a phone card.
A: How much does it cost?
B: It costs five ringgit. We can talk for 35 minutes.
A: How do you say “hello” in Spanish?
B: We say “hola”. Please excuse me now. I’m late for my class. See you
later.
Exercise 2.18
1. does Do is Are
2. are do Are were
3. Do Does Is does Does Are Do
Exercise 2.19
A) 1. My mother washes my clothes every Sunday.
2. Where do you live?
3. He does not need help from you.
4. You do not need to study for the test.
5. My brother attends a private university.
6. Does your brother have a car?
7. What kind of computers does this school have?
8. How do you spell “mosque”?
9. What does the teacher want?
10. Why don’t you want to see the dentist?
11. How many children does your sister have?
12. How much does a stamp cost?
13. I do not like to use the public toilet.
14. How do you say “good morning” in your language?
15. What does “rescue” mean?
B) 1. lives/doesn’t live
2. uses/doesn’t use
3. speak/don’t speak
4. is/isn’t
5. has/doesn’t have
6. is/isn’t hard
Exercise 2.20
152
Lu: Well, I write a lot of them at home and almost anywhere.
J: Do any other members of the group write songs?
Lu: Yes, Jake, the drummer also writes some.
J: And how do you know if a song is good enough?
Lu: We decide together after we have tried it out.
J: How long does it take you to write a song?
Lu: It depends. Sometimes it takes only a few minutes, but sometimes it
takes days and days.
J: And where do the ideas for your songs come from?
Lu: Often they come from the things around me, the newspapers and
things I read about.
J: Do the members of the group spend much time together?
Lu: No, we don’t really spend much time together. We like to be on our
own when we can.
J: What do your parents think of your success?
Lu: Oh, they are happy for me.
J: Do they like your songs?
Lu: Not really. They listen to other kinds of music.
Exercise 2.28
My English teacher are Jo Ann. She teaches speaking and listening. She
is very nice but she is very strict. She usually gives a lot of homework and
we take a lot of tests. I sometimes fail the test. I am sad. English is hard
for me. Every day, at the beginning of class, she takes attendance and we
hand in our homework. Then she is explains the grammar. We do the
exercises in the book. The book has a lot of exercises. Most of the
exercises are easy, but some are hard. Sometimes, she asks us to answer
out loud, but most of the time we write the answers. Once in a while, she
asks one of the students to write the answer on the whiteboard. We like
our teacher because she makes the class interesting. She sings sometimes
in class and we learn new words. Once a month, we watch a movie in
class. I always enjoy her lessons. After class, I sometimes go to her
office if I want more help. She is very helpful and always tries to help
me. Jo Ann always dresses formally. She usually wears a skirt and never
wears pants. She is about 30 years old but she looks like a teenager.
I am very happy with my teacher. She understands the problems faced
by her students. Her first language is not English but she speaks English
very well. She knows it is hard to learn another language
Exercise 2.29
1. am listening
2. are sleeping
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3. is speaking
4. am looking
5. are acting
6. are buying
7. I am thinking
8. are cooking
9. am trying
10. are walking
Exercise 2.30
2. A: Is the teacher writing on the whiteboard now?
B: Yes, she is (No, she isn’t)
Exercise 2.31
2. My parents usually visit my sister during the holidays.
Right now, my parents are visiting my sister.
154
5. Every month, my roommate cleans his fish tank.
At this moment, my roommate is cleaning his fish tank.
Exercise 2.32
A) 1. is sitting
2. is reading
3. reads
4. is watching
5. watches
6. likes
7. are not watching
8. are playing
9. play
10. go
Exercise 2.33
Student’s own answer.
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CHAPTER 3
Exercise 3.1
1. monkey-eating eagle
2. monkey-eating eagle
3. birds
4. campaign
5. monkey-eating eagle
6. male eagle
7. female eagle
Exercise 3.2
1. due to the negative effects of man’s activities, such as the destruction
of the eagle’s natural breeding places
2. man continued to cut down trees and destroy the birds and their
natural habitat
3. the male eagle attracts the attention of the female with a great display
of its ability in flight
4. not many are still alive nowadays/they are becoming extinct
5. answer may vary-accept any suitable answer
Exercise 3.3
1. such as the destruction of the eagle’s natural breeding places
2. the campaign failed because man continued to cut down trees and
destroy the birds and their natural habitat
3. the lack of support from the government
4. the bird is enormous in size, it has a surprisingly soft call which is
long, low-pitched whistle rather than the typical eagle shriek
Exercise 3.4
1. F
2. D
3. G
4. B
5. C
6. H
7. I
8. A
9. E
10. J
Exercise 3.5
1. honey
2. doctors
3. honey
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4. honey
5. people who have gastric problems
6. paste / the mixture of honey and cinnamon
Exercise 3.6
1. help protect and maintain good health, prevent and treat diseases, for
the skin, and for diet
2. the syrup is quite a complex mixture of enzymes, plant pigments,
organic acids, esters, antibiotic agents, vitamins and trace minerals
3. making a cup of chamomile tea with some fresh or dry mint leaves as
well as a teaspoonful of honey
4. honey is nourishing and helps prevent dehydration when exercising
heavily
5. take one to three teaspoonfuls of honey especially on an empty
stomach just before bedtime
6. it recedes the pain in a minute or two
7. make a paste of honey with cinnamon
8. to keep her skin soft and looking young
Exercise 3.7
1. the syrup is quite a complex mixture of enzymes, plant pigments,
organic acids, esters, antibiotic agents, vitamins and trace minerals
2. the benefits of honey are genuine enough
3. honey-flavoured tea is also a wonderful drink to reduce stress and
relax the mind
4. there is a lot to be said for substituting honey for sugar whenever
possible
5. can help ease a wide variety of digestive problems
6. honey is also beneficial if it prepared with cinnamon
7. honey is also beneficial for those who are suffering from heart attack
8. it will relieve loss of breath and strengthens the heart beat
Exercise 3.8
1. D
2. G
3. A
4. J
5. B
6. H
7. C
8. E
9. I
10. F
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Exercise 3.9
3. I was very busy yesterday.
4. My friends and I were very busy yesterday.
5. Miss Aminah was at work yesterday.
6. Miss Aminah and Mr. Lim were at work yesterday.
7. Mr. Fitri and Miss Farah were very happy yesterday.
8. I was very sad yesterday.
9. The teacher was angry at me yesterday.
10. The classroom was very hot yesterday.
Exercise 3.10
1. ago
2. Yesterday
3. Last
4. last
5. last
6. ago
7. Ago
8. Last
9. Last
1o. ago
Exercise 3.11
1. went
2. walked
3. forgot
4. scolded
5. ate
6. spent
7. taught
8. dreamed / dreamt
9. was
10. were
Exercise 3.12
2. A: Was Farah in class yesterday?
B: No, she wasn’t.
158
5. A: Were Farah and Fitri at the party last night?
B: No, they weren’t.
Exercise 3.13
1. woke
2. is
3. rain, rained
4. dream, dreamed / dreamt
5. smiles, talks
6. cooked, cook
7. am, was
8. asks, asked
9. were
10. sweeps, swept
Exercise 3.14
1. studied 7. spent
2. got 8. traveled
3. went 9. broke
4. said 10. put
5. received 11. had
6. paid 12. taught
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13. started 22. dreamed / dreamt
14. returned 23. hid
15. borrowed 24. swam
16. found 25. loved
17. ate 26. hoped
18. listened 27. came
19. ironed 28. flew
20. cried 29. blew
21. swept 30. threw
Exercise 3.15
2. found 9. caught
3. met 10. heard
4. took, entered 11. forgot
5. cut 12. spent
6. watched 13. dreamed / dreamt, was
7. played 14. stood
8. taught, were 15. caught, broke
Exercise 3.16
2. were 9. was
3. was 10. was
4. were 11. were
5. were 12. were
6. was 13. were
7. were 14. was
8. were 15. was
Exercise 3.17
2. There wasn’t a cat in the house.
3. There weren’t five cars on the road.
4. There wasn’t a ring on her finger.
5. There weren’t ten students in the hall.
6. There wasn’t a famous singer on the stage.
7. There wasn’t a terrible hurricane yesterday.
8. There weren’t eleven cars involved in the accident.
9. There weren’t many students affected by the disease.
10. There wasn’t enough medicine to cure the disease.
Exercise 3.18
2. Was there a tiger in the cage?
3. Were there many cups on the shelf?
4. Were there several boys swimming in the river?
5. Was there some juice in the jug?
6. Was there no one at the library?
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7. Were there many people injured in the accident?
8. Was there a loaf of bread on the kitchen table?
9. Was there a glass of water on the cupboard?
10. Were there plenty of roses in the garden?
Exercise 3.19
2. Why didn’t you join the party?
3. Why did Mrs. Hazirah cry?
4. When did Mr. Iskandar complete his assignment?
5. When / What time did your mother arrive?
6. Why was Faridatul late to class?
7. Where did Amy and Akmal meet?
8. When / What time did Fitri fetch his sister?
9. Where did Mrs. Hazirah buy her new dining table?
10. Why couldn’t Aminah visit her grandmother?
11. When did you arrive in UUM?
12. Why didn’t you buy the ring?
13. When / What time did the thief break into the house?
14. Where did Farah and her family spend their holiday?
15. Why was Akmal unhappy?
2. Picture B
The rabbit was eating.
3. Picture C
The optometrist was checking the patient’s eyes.
4. Picture D
The woman was typing at the computer.
5. Picture E
The woman was playing golf.
6. Picture F
The girl was drawing / writing.
7. Picture G
The boy/man was playing baseball.
8. Picture H
The woman was drying her hair.
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9. Picture I
The baby was bathing.
10. Picture J
The woman was eating noodles.
Exercise 3.21
3. was watching, arrived
4. arrived, was watching
5. were laughing, walked
6. was blowing, arrived
7. was reading, called
8. were cheering, appeared
9. was wearing, saw
10. were roaming, caught
11. was talking, shouted
12. was, cooking
13. was eating, came
14. was shopping, met
15. was chatting, came
16. was playing, called
17. was working, opened, rushed
18. hit, was getting
19. was doing, spilled
20. were quarrelling, walked
Exercise 3.22
1. entered, was talking
2. studied
3. were
4. was watching, bit
5. got
6. was explaining, raised
7. were playing, went
8. sat
9. fell
10. stepped, was walking
11. worked
12. was hurrying, bumped
13. taught, were
14. saved
15. was writing, heard
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Exercise 3.23
Possible answers (accept any suitable answers):
1. Iskandar arrived at my house while I was watering the plants.
5. I bumped into my aunt and uncle, while I was waiting for my father
at the airport.
6. While the children were doing their homework, a snake went into the
room.
8. The little girl cried when she heard a very loud noise in the kitchen.
10. The dean was not in the room when I arrived at the office.
Exercise 3.24
1. However
2. However
3. Therefore/ As a result/ So
4. Therefore/ As a result/ As a consequence
5. Therefore/ As a result/ As a consequence
6. Although / Therefore/ As a result/ As a consequence
7. First / Then / Afterwards
8. Therefore/ As a result/ As a consequence
9. In addition/ Besides that/ Furthermore/ Moreover
10. However/ On the contrary
Exercise 3.25
Student’s own answer.
Exercise 3.26
My neighbour
Mrs. Intan is a very kind neighbour.
The internet
The internet brings advantages to us in many ways such as saving our time.
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Exercise 3.27, 3.28 and 3.29
Student’s own answers.
CHAPTER 4
Exercise 4.1
1. Telok Kalong
2. Rich coral environment
3. Varieties of fish and clams
4. Concerned people
5. The wiping out of marine life.
Exercise 4.2
1. They are famous for a great variety of soft corals.
2. Fresh water
3. a) shallow sea bed
b) the warm current
c) the shelter provided by the circle of islands
4. a) corals
b) varieties of fish
c) clams
Exercise 4.3
1. gives an image of something in the manner of a mirror
2. near
3. add
4. blow up using dynamite
5. places
Exercise 4.4
1. Bangkok
2. Malaysians
3. Visitors
4. meters
5. using samlor
6. bus
Exercise 4.5
1. express train, car, bus or train.
2. because most boat people do not speak any language but Thai.
3. because accommodation is easy to find.
4. i) get permission from the priest
ii) do not forget to leave a donation.
5. because Thai customs and manners reflect a gentleness and courtesy
which is rare elsewhere.
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Exercise 4.6
1. b
2. d
3. a
4. g
5. c
6. f
7. c
Exercise 4.7
1. will return
2. will organize
3. will collect
4. will strile
5. will send
6. will add
7. will carry
8. will be
9. will further
10. will teach
Exercise 4.8
1. Will my sister study at UUM next year?
2. Will Salleh be here at 2.30 this afternoon?
3. Will the school make all the arrangements for the students?
4. Will will be a short meeting at 12.30 today?
5. Will we cook for them tonight?
6. Will the plane leave Penang as soon as the problem is fixed?
7. Will Malaysia participate in the next Olympics in London?
8. Will the teacher give us the test results tomorrow?
9. Will the doctor be in his clinic next week?
10. Will Bob come soon ?
Exercise 4.9
1. will have / live
2. Completes / will go
3. Will not give / passes
4. Will return / visits
5. call / will tell
6. Will start / completes
7. Will cook / am
8. Will be / receives
9. Will not make /has
10. Will start /starts
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Exercise 4.10
Students’ own answer.
Exercise 4.11
1. Am going to look
2. Am going to open
3. Is going to have
4. Am going to call
5. Am going to buy
Exercise 4.12
1. Will study
2. Will do
3. Am going to give
4. Will we have
5. Will take
6. Will you tell
Exercise 4.13
3. Worst than
4. Cheaper than
5. Older than
6. More popular than
7. Funnier than
8. Longer than
9. more beautiful than
10. Easier than
Exercise 4.14
Students’ own answer.
Exercise 4.15
Student’s own answer.
Exercise 4.16
1. The plane is faster than the train.
2. The train is more expensive than the bus.
3. A monkey is more intelligent than a dog.
4. My grades are better than your grades.
5. Tara is heavier than her sister.
6. Calculus is more difficult than algebra.
7. The bookstore is farther than the cafeteria.
8. Mexico City is hotter than Paris.
9. Joe is funnier than Jamal.
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Exercise 4.17
3. More quickly than
4. More beautifully than
5. Harder than
6. The hardest
7. More carefully than
8. Earlier than
9. better than
10. More clearly
Exercise 4.21
1. Most
2. most expensive
3. The most delicious
4. The hottest
5. The best
6. The best
7. One of the most popular
Exercise 4.22
Students’ own answer
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