Hernan Ramirez

SBS 402

5/09/2018

Bibliography

Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory.

Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

The section I read on this source I explained what the social cognitive theory consist of.

From this section I obtain the knowledge of what Albert Bandura means on his theory. After

reading and analyzing this section I was able to connect this theory to me capstone research

project. The connection I made between the theory and my capstone is that individuals learn by the

behavior witnessed from other individuals. Since my capstone is about youth gang affiliation I

found that it connected because if an individual grows in the middle of gangs and experiences

violent behaviors then the changes of get involved in gangs are high.

Buckle, M. E., & Walsh, D.S. (2013). Teaching Responsibility to Gang-Affiliated Youth.

Journal of Physical Education. Recreation & Dance, Vol.84 (2), p.53-58.

This article discusses the reasons of why Hispanic adolescents from rural and suburban

communities join street gangs. From this article I learned important data which gave me a better

understanding of how individuals from bigger cities and smaller communities are similar in joining

street gangs. In this article the authors also discuss the importance of intervention programs in
order to reduce youth gangs. This source was useful because it made me realized how important

this programs are in order to reduce crime and youth gangs. I connected this article to my research

project because discusses the importance of intervention through sports.

Calabrese, R., & Noboa, J. (1995). The choice for gang membership by Mexican-American

adolescents. The High School Journal, 78(4), 226-235.

This article explores Mexican-American adolescents’ decisions to join street gangs. The

authors discuss the importance of redirect and reconstruct the adolescents’ energy into a

constructive process that benefits the individual as well as the community. This article

recommends three ways schools can reframe their views towards these students, their culture,

and their value structure.

Clements, P., & Akiyama, C. (2011). Youth gangs: Reason for concern. Journal of

Forensic Nursing, 7(3), 105-107.

This source explains that a youth gang may be formal or informal, consist of at least three

members and have a name, hand sign, or symbol which is identifiable, and it must be ongoing,

meaning that the gang associates on a continuous or regular basis. Authors indicate that a youth

gang, often referred to as a criminal street gang, from other groups is that one of the primary

objectives of the gang must be criminal activity.

Estrada N. J., Gilreath T.D., Astor R.A., & Benbenishty R. (2016). A statewide study of

gang of membership in California secondary schools. Youth & Society. Vol. 48(5),

pp. 720-736

This source focuses on the prevalence of gang membership by county, region, ethnicity,

and grade level. Regional-level rates of gang membership across six geographical areas are all

in a relatively narrow range and gang members are fairly evenly distributed across California

schools.

Gagnon, A. (2018). Extending Social Learning Theory to Explain Victimization among

Gang and Ex-Gang Offenders. International Journal of Offender Therapy and

Comparative Criminology. Pp. 1-18

This study is among the first to extend and test social learning theory’s ability to

understand property and violent victimization. It specifically tests whether aspects of definitions,

differential reinforcement, and differential association/modeling can explain the three types

of victimization of gang members: actual experience, perception of likelihood, and fear.

Huerta A.H. (2015). “I Didn’t Want My Life To Be Like That”: Gangs, College, or the

Military for Latino Male High School Students. Journal of Latino/Latin American

Studies. Vol.7 (2), pp. 119-132

 This article uses a human ecological theory to examine how Latino male high school

students with high academic achievement understand and develop goals to attend postsecondary

education versus engaging in gangs or the military.

Miller H.V., Barnes J.C., & Harley R.D. (2011). Reconsidering Hispanic Gang Membership

and Acculturation in a Multivariate Context. Crime & Delinquency. Vol.57 (3), pp.

331-355

In this article the researchers indicate that Hispanic gang membership is linked to the

process of acculturation. The authors discuss that those individuals that feel less connected to the

American society are at greater risk to get involve in street gangs. I believed this was an

important source for my research project because in the area where I conducted my research the

immigration population is very high. The fact that in south Santa Cruz County and Pajaro Valley

the immigration population is really high contributes to higher chances of teen gangs increase.

The reason this affects gang streets rates is because majority of these population works in

agriculture therefore children lack of parent attention. This problem guides teens to join gangs to

find a sense of attention.

Regina Castaneda, T. (n.d.). Aztecas youth soccer academy. 1-10. Retrieved April 02, 2017.

from http://www.aztecasyouthsocceracademy.org/about-the-founder/

This source was very helpful to obtain data for my findings and results sections. Through

an interview with Regina Castaneda I was able to learn more about what the Aztecas Programs
is. Castaneda is not only the founder of the Aztecas Soccer Youth Academy, she is also a

Probation Officer for the Santa Cruz Probation Department. Officer Castaneda presented what

the program is about. From this presentation I obtained important data such as: Funding, history,

purpose, and participation of Hispanic adolescents in general.

Winfree Jr. T., Bernat F. P., & Esbensen F. (2001). Hipanic and Anglo gang membership in

two southwestern cities. The Social Science Journal. Vol. 38(1), pp. 105-117

In this article I was able to find important data which related to my research question.

Although this study focused in individuals from Arizona and New Mexico I obtained important

information for my study because the authors also studied Hispanic adolescents affiliated with

street gangs. The authors presented comparison of gang related attitudes and behavior of youth

which helped me understand the factors that guide teen to join street gains. This article helped

me because I made a connection between those individuals in Arizona and New Mexico to

individuals in California.