Presented by

Subrahmanya

Department of Electrical and Electronics

Engineering
 Contents
• Introduction

• Typical Solar Configurations

• Block Diagram of SDPS and BSPS

• Installing the SWPS

• Applications

• Conclusion

• References
 Introduction to Solar Water Pumping
 Solar Basics:
A solar powered water pumping system is made up of
two components,
1)Solar panels:
-Photovoltaic module
2)Pumps:
-Centrifugal
-Submersible
 Solar module
• The power supply consists of PV panels,
-PV panelproduce Direct Current(DC) and are
made up of many cells wired in series.

• The smallest element of a PV panel is the Fig1.Solar panel

solar cell.
-Each solar cell has two or more specially prepared Fig2.Solar cell
layers of semiconductors material that produce DC electricity
when exposed to light.

• One or more solar panels installed

together is called a solar array.
Fig3.Solar array
 Series and Parallel configuration
• Individual PV panels can be wired in series or
parallel to obtain the required voltage or current
needed to run the pump.

• The voltage and current output from panels wired in

parallel is the exact opposite of series wired panels.

• Panels wired in parallel, the current (amps) output is

the sum of all the currents (amps) from the panels and
the voltage is equal to the voltage output from an
individual panel.
 Power law
• Manufacturers normally rate voltage(volts) and
current(amps) output from PV panels. Peak power
(watts = volts * amps) is the maximum power
available from the PV panel.

• The amount of DC current produced by a PV panel is

much more sensitive to light intensity striking the
panel than voltage.
-Roughly speaking, if we halve the light intensity,
we halve the DC current output, but the voltage output
is reduced only slightly.
 Types of Solar Powered Water Pumping
System
• There are two basic types of solar powered water
pumping systems,
1)Battery based
2)Solar direct

• A variety of factors must be considered in determining

the optimum system for a particular application.
Block Diagram of Battery based Solar Water
Pumping System

Fig 5. Block diagram of BSPS

 Battery based Solar Water Pumping
System(BSPS)

• Battery based water pumping system consists of

photovoltaic(PV) panels charge controller, batteries,
pump controller and DC water pump,

- Water supply for home or cabin.

- Pumping at night.
Block Diagram of Solar Direct Water
Pumping System

Fig 4. Block Diagram of SDPS

 Solar-Direct Water Pumping System(SDPS)

• In solar direct pumping system electricity from the PV

modules is sent directly to the pump which in turn
pumps water through a pipe to where its needed.

• Solar direct pumping systems are sized to store extra

water on sunny days so it is available on cloudy days
and at night. Water can be stored in a larger than
needed watering tank or in a separate storage tank
and then gravity fed to smaller watering tanks.
 Selecting solar powered water pumping
system
• Cost is a factor that must be considered when selecting a
solar powered system.

• Total cost depends on many factors such as the type of

system (Solar-direct, battery based) daily water
requirements, complexity of the water delivery system etc.

• For example low volume solar pumping system keep costs

down when compared to higher output solar pumping
system by using a minimum number of solar panels and by
using the entire daylight period to charge batteries or
pump water.
 Common information required to size a
water pump system
• Maximum number of gallons of water needed daily for
each month of year.

• Total vertical distance that water is to be pumped as

measured from the lowest level from the water source to
highest level of storage tank.

• Description of water source.

• Information on any water pumping equipment distribution

system and storage capacity presently being used.
 Installing the system

• When choosing a site, it is essential to avoid trees or

other obstructions that could cast shadows on the
solar panels and reduce their output.
• The solar array should be mounted facing due south
in a location where they receive maximum sunlight
throughout the year.
• Solar panels produce the most power when they are
pointed directly at the sun. For maximum energy
collection, the panel should be perpendicular to the
sun.
 Advantages
 Low operating cost

 Free fuel

 Environmental friendly

 Easy transportation
 Disadvantages
 Variable yield

 Water quality

 Theft
 Applications
• Agriculture livestock watering / crop irrigation, home
gardens and drip irrigation systems.

• Domestic portable water for remote homes,

campgrounds.

• Pond water management and water transfer.

• Water supply for villages in developing world.

 Conclusion
 Photovoltaic power for irrigation is cost competitive with
traditional energy sources for small, remote applications,
if the total system design and utilization timing is carefully
considered and organized to use the solar energy as
efficiently as possible. In the future, when the prices of
fossil fuels rise and the economic advantages of mass
production reduce the peak watt cost of the photovoltaic
cell, photovoltaic power will become more cost
competitive and more common.
 References
• “Solar Powered Water Pumping Systems”, B. Eker Trakia
Journal of Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 7, pp 7-11, 2005

• “Design of Photovoltaic Water Pumping System and Compare it

with Diesel Powered Pump”, M.Abu-Aligah Volume 5,
Number 3, June 2011 ISSN 1995-666

• “Solar Water Pumping System”, Prof. G. M. Karve ISSN 2250-

2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 7, July
2013

• “Solar Photo Voltaic Water Pumping: Harnessing Maximum

Power”, ACEEE Int. J. on Electrical and Power Engineering,
Vol. 4, No. 1, Feb 2013
THANK YOU