Lecturer : Hanna Dewi M. Hutabarat., M.

Si

Courses : Elementary Linear Algebra

CRITICAL BOOK REPORT

Compiled By Group IV :

 FitriAdhiningsihRizky ( 4163312010 )
 Kiki AmbarWatyMalau ( 4163312014 )

MATHEMATICS DEPARTEMENT
FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2018
 PREFACE

Praise be to the presence of God Almighty for all His grace so that this Critical
Book Report can be arranged to completion. I also say thank you to the people who have been
instrumental in making Critical Book Report. This Critical Book Report has been compiled with
maximum to be easily understood and understood by the reader.

Apart from all that, I am fully aware that there is still a lack of both in terms of the
preparation of sentences and grammar used. Therefore, with open arms I receive all the
suggestions and criticism from the reader so that I can improve my report. Finally I hope this
Critical BookReport can provide benefits and inspiration to the reader.

Medan, February 27th2018

Author
 TABLE OF CONTENT

PREFACE ..................................................................................................................
TABLE OF CONTENT .............................................................................................

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background .............................................................................................
1.2. Purpose....................................................................................................

CHAPTER II DESCRIPTION OF BOOK

2.1. Identity Book ..........................................................................................
2.2. Summary Book .......................................................................................
2.3. Comparison Book ...................................................................................

CHAPTER III CLOSING

3.1. Conclusion ..............................................................................................
3.2. Suggestion ...............................................................................................
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Linear (linearly dependent) and non Linear (linearly dependent) Basis and Dimension
of Space or Vector Space Dimension / Vector Discussion Definition Known Vector at R5 a =
(3,2,1, -1,4) b = (1, 2, -3, -2.4) c = (11,10, -3, -7,20) Is c a linear combination of a and b?
Examples of Linear Combinations The Solution ... Continuation ... Continuation ... Linearly
independent (not linearly dependent) and not linearly dependent Linearly independent Non
linearly independent example 1 λ1 = -3 λ12 λ2 = λ2 non trivial reply a & b is not free λ1 + 3
λ2 = 0 3 λ1 + 9 λ2 = 0 λ1 = -3 λ2 λ1 = -3 λ2 BASE AND DIMENSION OF SPACE OR
VECTOR Definition: vector a, vector b and vector c are the basis in Rn, when vector a,
vector b , and linearly independent vector c: Example: a = (2,1); b = (3,1); c = (4,1) whether
the vectors a, vectors b and vector c are bases in R2? Answer: λ₁a + λ₂b + λ3c = 0
DIMENSION OF THE VECTOR ROOM A vector space ≠ 0 is called n-dimension when the
basis s = (v1, v2, v3 ... vn), can be written Dim v = n For vector space = 0 then Dim v = 0,
and blah there is no set that becomes the basis then v = ~ EXAMPLE Determine the basis
and dimension of the homogeneous SPL: X1 + 2x2 - x3 + x5 = 0 3x1 - x2 + x3 - x4 + x5 = 0
2x1 + x2 - 2x3 - x5 = 0 3x1 + x4 - x5 = 0 COMPLETION The complete matrix becomes: 1 2
-1 0 1 0 3 -1 1 -1 1 0 2 1 -2 0 -1 0 0 0 3 1 -1 0 1 2 1 0 1 0 0 1 -4/7 1/7 2/7 0 0 0 1 7/4 5/4 0 0 0
0 1 11/17 0 With OBE converted to Echelon Matrix as follows: Then we get the price x1 s / d
x5 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 = Where x5 is arbitrary

1.2 Purpose
1) know the definition of linear combination
2) know the linear combination equation
 CHAPTER II

DESCRIPTION OF BOOK

2.1 IDENTITY BOOK

1. Book 1
Title : Introduction to linear algebra with applications
Author : Jim Defranza
Isbn : 978–0–07–353235–6
Thickness Book : 509 Pages
2. Book 2
Title : Aljabar Linier Dasar
Author : Drs. Mahmud ‘Imrona, M.T.
Isbn : 978-602-241-155-0
Thickness Book : 168 Pages
Year : 2012
 2.2 SUMMARY BOOK

Book 1

Linear CombinationsLet S = {v1, v2, . . . ,vk} be a set of vectors in _n, andlet c1, c2, . . . ,
ckbe scalars. An expression of the form

c1v1+ c2v2+・・・+ckvk=∑𝑘𝑖=1 civi

is called a linear combination of the vectors of S. Any vector v that can be writtenin this
form is also called a linear combination of the vectors of S.

Vector form of a linear system

We have already seen that a linear system with m equations and n variables
a11x1 + a12x2 + a1nxn = b1
a21x1 + a22x2 + a2nxn = b2
: : :

: : :

am1x1 + am2x2 + amnxn = bm

can be written in matrix form as Ax = b, where A is the m × n coefficient matrix, xis the
vector in _n of variables, and b is the vector in _m of constants.
The linear system Ax = b is consistent if and only if the vector b can be expressedas a linear
combination of the column vectors of A. The linear system Ax = b is consistent if and only
if the vector b can be expressedas a linear combination of the column vectors of A.

Application :
W = (8,11,14), v1 = (4,5,6) and v2 = (-2, -2, -2)
Express W as a linear combination
Ex:

W = k1v1 + k2v2
(8,11,14) = k1 (4,5,6) + k2 (-2, -2, -2)
(8,11,14) = (4k1-2k2, 5k1-2k2, 6k1-2k2)
Obtained SPL
4k1-2k2 = 8 ... .. (1)
5k1-2k2 = 11 .... (2)
6k1-2k2 = 14 ... (3)

By the rules of Elimination and Substitution

Obtained k1 = 3 and k2 = 2 so obtained

W = 3v1 + 2v2

Book 2
the linear combination is the sum of the product of the set of consecutive pairs (such as a vector
with a number (scalar) .These numbers are real numbers, but they can also be complex numbers
Formally, let V be a vector space, with elements v1, v2, v3,...,vn.whena1, a2, a3, ...,an is scalar if
w= ∑ anvnreferred to as a linear combination of the vectors in V. In this case,analso called
coefficients.
Vector V is said to be a linear combination of vectors v1, v2, ...,vn if w can be expressed as:
w = k1v1 + k2v2 + … + knvn , with k1,k2,…,kn is scalar.

THEOREM

The set of all linear combinations of any set of non-empty vectors of V is a subspace of V

Application

Consider the homogeneous equation Ax = 0. Show that if x1, x2, . . . ,xnare solutions

of the equation, then every linear combination c1x1 + c2x2 +・・・+cnxnis

also a solution of the equation.

Solution Since x1, x2, . . . ,xnare solutions of the matrix equation, we have
Ax1 = 0 Ax2 = 0 . . . Axn= 0
Then using the algebraic properties of matrices, we have
 A(c1x1 + c2x2 +・・・+cnxn) = A(c1x1) + A(c2x2)+・・・+A(cnxn)

= c1(Ax1) + c2(Ax2)+・・・+cn(Axn)

= c10 + c20+・・・+cn0

=0

2.3 COMPARISON BOOK

Book 1 Book 2
The language in book I is easier to understand book II is easy to understand but there are
some words that are difficult to understand.
The problem in book I is easily understood while book II is difficult to understand
this book is neat, because the size of the letter whereas book 2 In the case of writing this book
of the same letter all so that in reader's less tidy, because the size of writing the same
readings easy to understand it letter all so that in the reader's readings rather
difficult in understanding it and so need a little
improvement book
The contents of the book and the explanations whereas book 2 The contents of the book and
in this book are complete, because they cover the explanations in this book are incomplete, so
everything completely and also discuss them all do not thoroughly explore them all
one by one so that readers can sort through
them one by one from the material.
in this book there are many examples of whereas in this book 2 there are not many
questions so readers can easily understand the examples of questions so the reader is not easy
material to understand the material
 CHAPTER III
CLOSING

3.1 Conclusion
avector space V through field F, with vectors u1, u2, ..., un ∈ V. Any vector in V
(eg v ∈ V) which may be expressed in the form of: v = a1 u1 a2 u2 ... an un; dngai∈ F
is called a linear combination of vectors u1, u2, ..., un.

3.2 Suggestion

This book should be accompanied by images to make it more interesting and not
make the reader feel bored