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Lecture 5 Nutrition/Transport Bio119

I. Nutrition

A. Modes of growth (the “trophs”)

1. Autotrophs

2. Phototrophs

3. Chemotrophs

4. Combinations

a) Chemoheterotrophs

b) Photoautotrophs

c) Chemoautotrophs

5. Obligate and facultative (Box 5.2)

B. What does a cell need to grow?

1. First let's see what cells are made of:

2. Composition of cells (Table 5.1)

3. C, O, N, H, S, P

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Lecture 5 Nutrition/Transport Bio119

4. Salts

5. Trace elements

6. Growth factors

II. How do prokaryotes get their nutrients?

A. By transporting it in

B. Cytoplasmic membrane is selectively permeable

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Lecture 5 Nutrition/Transport Bio119

C. Diffusion (Fig. 5.2)

D. The role of active transport

1. Secondary transporters (Fig. 5.4)

a) Uniporters

b) Symporters (Fig. 5.5)

c) Antiporters

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Lecture 5 Nutrition/Transport Bio119

2. Group translocation (Fig. 5.6)

3. ABC Transporters (Fig. 5.3)

a) Iron uptake example (Fig. 5.8)

III.How to grow bacteria:

A. Most prokaryotes cannot be cultured in the lab

B. Culture medium

1. Complex

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Lecture 5 Nutrition/Transport Bio119

2. Defined (Table 5.2, what’s missing?)

3. Carbon source

4. Energy source

5. Solid vs. liquid

6. Sterilization methods

7. Aseptic techniques

C. Salinity, Acidity, and alkalinity

1. Halophilic (Fig. 6.17)

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Lecture 5 Nutrition/Transport Bio119

2. Acidiphilic vs. alkaliphilic

3. Haloalkaliphilic

D. Oxygen

1. Aerobes (obligate/strict vs. facultative)

2. Microaerophiles

3. Anaerobes (obligate/strict vs. aerotolerant)

4. Oxygen toxicity

5. Anaerobic growth (Fig. 6.14)

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Lecture 5 Nutrition/Transport Bio119

E. Temperature (Fig. 6.15 and 6.16)

1. Cardinal temperatures

2. Psychrophiles

3. Mesophiles

4. Thermophiles

5. Hyperthermophiles

6. Examples (Table 6.3)