Impact of Rural Development Programmes on Poverty alleviation in Rural Drought area of

Chikkamagaluru District

Saravana K
Research Scholar
Department of Social Work, Tumkur University, Tumakuru
Mob: 9739244374, Email: sarwanmass@gmail.com

Dr.Lokesha M.U
Assistant Professor, Department of Social Work, Tumkur University

Abstract

Karnataka has implemented various poverty alleviation programmers in both rural and
urban areas. While these programmers have resulted in a marked decline in the number of the
state’s poor, much remain to be done to address regional and social variations in poverty.
Drought and poverty has most interrelated problems in all over India. Present study has been
found out number of miss leads in drought tackling and poverty eradicating programmes in
Kadur Taluk of Chikkamagaluru District. Hence, the Government mechanism should rearrange
the programmes for poverty eradicating and the drought. Local Government should implement
strategic oriented programme for alleviate rural poverty and drought. The study has conducted
in Kadur Taluk of Chikkamagaluru District to assess the impact of poverty alleviation
programme in drought hit area. Research used descriptive research design with the help of
simple random technique. Researcher used interview scheduled to collect the primary data from
the respondents. Collected data was computed through SPSS. The result showed that majority
of the respondents satisfied with PDS (Anna Bhagya Yojne).

Key words: Poverty alleviation, Kadur, Rural area.

Introduction

Poverty eradication is one of the major objectives of planned development. The

magnitude of the problem is still quite staggering. Thirty six per cent of the Indian population
was below poverty line (BPL) in 1993-94, the latest year for which the data are available and the
absolute number of poor was 320 million, out of which 244 million (37 per cent of the rural
population) lived in rural areas. The incidence of poverty declined from 54.9 per cent in 1973-74

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to 36 per cent in 1993-94. But the absolute number of poor did not decline much over this period
of 20 years. There were 321 million poor in 1973-74 and 320 million in 1993-94; in the rural
areas the corresponding numbers were 261 million and 244 million.

In India 260 million people did not have income to access a basic consumption which
defined by poverty line and India is consisting 22 percentage of poor people in the world.
Poverty eradication is one of the major issues in the globe; its eradication is considered integral
to humanity’s quest for sustainable development. Reduction of poverty in India is, therefore,
vital for the attainment of international goals (Planning Commision of India, 2007).
‘Eradicating rural poverty’ as an developmental process, rural society is wannabe to move lower
social standard to higher standard in the lives of the rural people. Because of variety of
ecological status and socio-eonomical condition it is an extremely difficult to operate with rural
poverty (Miller & Syed, 2003). Hence, the policies for the abolition rural poverty have to be goal
at the rural poor, which have been at the receiving end of the poor effects of poverty over the
ages. Government of India has taken schemes for rural poverty alleviation. The initiations have
been taken from the First Five Year Plan, it is envisaged that the successive five year plans
would create a better, richer and fuller life for the thousands of rural communities in India
(Lawani, 1992).

The Indian government’s poverty alleviation schemes are dividend in to five categories;
they are Wage employment programmes, self employment programmes, area development
programmes, social security programmes and other programmes like integrated rural
development progrmmes (IRDP), Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana, Swarnjayanti Gram
Swarozgar Yojana, Indira Aawas Yojna, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment
Guarantee Act-2005, National Social Assistance Programme, Training, Capart, DRDA
Administration, PURA, PMRDFs and Aajeevika (Deparmtment of Ministry of Rural
Development, 2017).

Poverty line

As per the Tendulkar Committee the concept of poverty is associated with socially
perceived deficiency with respect to basic human needs. The planning commission has defined
the poverty line as Rs.22.40 per day in rural areas and 28.60 per capita per day in urban areas for

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the year 2009-10. This translates to 672.8 per capita per month in rural areas and 859.60 per
capita per month in urban areas. In 2004-05 the percentage of people living below poverty line
was 33.3.00.in 2009-10 it was 23.6.00. The percentage of people living below poverty line in
Karnataka has come down by 9.7.00 in the estimate of poverty for 2009-10, released by the
planning commission. in 2004-05,the percentage of people living below poverty line was
33.3.00.in 2009- 10,it was 23.6.00.in Karnataka, there were over 1.42 crore people living below
poverty line in 2009-10,down from over 1.86 crore in 2004-05.while the poverty rate in rural
area was 26.1.00(97.4 lakh people).in urban areas ,it was 19.6.00 (44.9 lakh people). Rs 629.4 in
rural areas and Rs 908 in urban areas of Karnataka .the state’s poverty percentage in lower than
the national average. The total number of people below the poverty line in the country has been
estimated at 34.47 crore in 2009-10: it was 40.72 crore in 2004-05. The overall percentage of
poverty across India also declined to 29.8.00, from 37.2.00 in 2004-05 (Prbahavathi & Naveena,
2014). India is ranked as a country with very high weakness measured by the quantity of the
population living below the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) of 2USD a day, and the proportion of
workers engaged in the informal sector (ILO, 2010a)

Drought in Karnataka

Karnataka is facing a bizarre fact: it is in the clench of a drought and floods at the same duration.
The floods have followed two successive years of drought. In the last July 2016, five districts
bore the brunt of flash floods following heavy rains. Now, the spectres of drought appear over 51
taluks in 20 districts. Immense loss of human life, property, agricultural and horticultural crops
and livestock were the resulted of twin calamities. Chikmagalur (56.00 excess), Hassan (50.00),
Shimoga (35.00), Kodagu (37.00) and Uttara Kannada (29.00). In contrast, Kolar and
Chikkaballapur districts received 25.00 and 23.00 deficit rain respectively, while Yadgir,
Dharwad, Ramanagaram and Tumkur were among the districts that received scanty rain
(Ayippan, 2013).

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Significance of the Study

Kadur taluk of Chikkamgaluru District hit by drought since last two years. The crops have
wilted in nature’s anger in Kadur, Birur and partial of Tarikere Taluk. Farmers with moist eyes
recall their tale of despairs. The wells, borewells and lakes have gone dry. The commercial crop
of coconut has been completely damaged. The arecanut trees are counting their last days. The
farmers have no work to work in the field with scarcity of water. Kadur taluk has experienced
60.00 deficit rainfalls during 2016. The target was to cultivate raagi on 65 percent farm land.
However, spreading has not been completed even on 30 percent land. Without the availability of
green pasture for grazing and fodder, the owners have been selling the cattle for fewer prices. A
few farmers have been working as labourers in coffee plantations. There is acute shortage of
drinking water as well. To get rid of drought temporarily, the water from Madagada Kere and
Ayyanakere can be used for filling the dried lakes in the taluk of Kadur (Herald, 2017). This
study focuses on impact of poverty alleviation programmes in eradicating povertly in drought
area of Chikkamagaluru District.

Material and Method

Present study was conducted in Kadur Taluk of Chikkamgaluru District. Descriptive research
design was used for this study. And Study has 200 samples from simple random sample method.
Self structured Interview method has made use for primary data collection with the help of
interview scheduled and SPSS and excels software was used for compute the data.

Results and Discussion

Social-Economic profile of respondents

Every respondent have social-economic profile and it is most important to study. Present
study has some profile of respondents.

Particulars Response Male Female

Joint 14.00 15.00
Types of family
Nuclear 86.00 85.00

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 BPL 47.00 41.00
Status of income
APL 52.00 59.00
Hindu 86.00 88.00
Religion
Muslim 14.00 12.00
Married 70.00 75.00
Marital Status
Unmarried 30.00 25.00
Kachha 35.00 38.00
Types of House
Pakka 65.00 62.00
21 to 40 45.00 48.00
Aging of status
41 to 60 55.00 52.00
Literate 65.00 55.00
Educational status
Illiterate 35.00 45.00
SC 45.00 68.00
Caste
OBC 55.00 62.00
Irrigation 41.00 42.00
Agriculture pattern
Rain fed 59.00 58.00
Source: Field Work

The above has highlights the types of family of respondents, Majority of the respondents
belongs to nuclear family (male 86.00 and Female 85.00) its show rural family system has been
change as urban system. Marital status, about male 70.00 and Female 75.00 respondents are
married and remaining respondents are unmarried. Aging status present study has classified as
age into 21 to 40 and 41 to 60 age group. Data shows 21 to 40 age groups about male 45.00 and
Female 48.00 and 41 to 60 age group about male 55.00 and Female 52.00 respondents are
equally participate in this study. Religious status, about male 86.00 and Female 88.00
respondents are belongs Hindu religion, only41.00 Male and 12.00 Female are comes under
Muslim religion. It shows rural India has most populated by Hindu community. Caste status,
present study highlights two types of caste status one Dalits and OBC. Data reveals that all most
Dalits and OBCs are equal response by male 45.00 and Female 48.00 Dalits and about male
55.00 and Female 52.00 are OBCs. Types of House, data highlights about male 65.00 and
Female 62.00 respondents have pakka house, remaining respondents are have kachha houses.
Educational status, present study highlights only literate status about male 65.00 and Female

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55.00 respondents have educational income, status. Present study has two income group like
BPL and APL, about male 47.00 and Female 41.00 respondents are come from BPL group and
about male 52.00 and Female 59.00 respondents are belongs to APL group. This study finds out
APL respondents more by BPL. Agriculture pattern, data highlights, rain fed pattern of
agriculture method is most popular in India even irrigation pattern is also getting importance
about male 41.00 and Female 42.00 respondents are applied to this method.

Social- Economic, health and education importance:

Male Female
Importance
Yes No Yes No
Social 55.00 45.00 58.00 42.00
Economic 83.00 27.00 73.00 27.00
Health 71.00 29.00 78.00 22.00
Education 68.00 32.00 70.00 30.00
Source: Field Work

The Above table express to importance of poverty alleviation programme in drought hit area of
Kadur taluk of Chikkamagaluru District. These social, economic, health and education issues are
most disturbed by drought. So present data shows, majority of the male (respectively, 83.00, 71,
68.00) and Female (respectively, 73.00, 78.00, 70.00) respondents are express their view on
importance of poverty alleviation programme for overcome to the drought effect. Comparatively,
social (60.00 and 61.00) factors can’t affect by programmes and even it couldn’t change social
practices. Because social elements are most deep rooted in life and respondents are express it is
not importance in drought time. Specially, economic, health and education factors are most effect
by drought and these three issues are direct link to poverty and drought. Although, economic
burden was leads a number of losses in health and education. So poverty alleviation programmes
should be concentrated economic, health and education importance to overcome to the poverty
and drought.

Implication of Poverty alleviation programmes in Drought area of Kadur Taluk

Programmes Male Female

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 Good Normal Low Good Normal Low
PDS (Annabhagray 49.00 30.00 21.00 50.00 35.00 15.00
Yojane)
MNREGP 35.00 25.00 40.00 29.00 21.00 50.00
Mid Day Meal 50.00 35.00 15.00 54.00 30.00 16.00
(MDM)
Source: Field Work

The Above Table Shows that, PDS, MNREGP and MDM programmes have implemented to
eradicate poverty in rural area. These programmes also play a significant role in drought hit area
of Chikkamgaluru District of Kadur Taluk. Majority of Male (49.00 and 50.00) and Female
(50.00 and 54.00) respondents are expressing their view on PDS and MDM programmes have
getting good status to alleviate poverty. But MNREGP has low status about 40.00 Male and
40.00 Female respondents have expressed its low performance. In the recent year MGNREGA
plays a significant role in ensuring livelihood of poor in rural area. But the above results show
that MGNREGA is not satisfied by poor people in rural area of Kadura Taluk.

Conclusion
Karnataka has implemented various poverty alleviation programmers in both rural and
urban areas. While these programmers have resulted in a marked decline in the number of the
state’s poor, much remain to be done to address regional and social variations in poverty.
Drought and poverty has most interrelated problems in all over India. Present study has been
found out number of miss leads in drought tackling and poverty eradicating programmes in
Kadur Taluk of Chikkamagaluru District. Hence, the Government mechanism should rearrange
the programmes for poverty eradicating and the drought. Local Government should implement
strategic oriented programme for alleviate rural poverty and drought. Government should try to
implement permanent remedies like irrigation facilities and employment opportunity. Present
study was outcome of important issues in drought hit area of Karnataka State, Chikkamgaluru
district. Programmes were making its sincere effort to eradicate poverty. MGNREGA, PDS and
MDM have good efforts to eradicating poverty and drought tackling. Towards ensuring food
security to its citizens, the state operates an extensive food distribution system to provide basic
foods with a focus on those who are below the poverty line. The state has also recently

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completed an elaborate exercise to weed out fake ration cards and to enhance the targeting of the
public distribution system. The state has also established institutions to provide affordable
housing to the poor. Having attained a reasonable decline in poverty estimates in spite of the
2009 floods, sustaining this growth of reduction of poverty and tackling urban poverty should be
the main areas of concern in the forthcoming Plan. In order to sustain the existing growth in the
reduction of poverty, proper implementation of different schemes is necessary. Promotion of
livelihood opportunities through modernizing agriculture, establishing rural industries, and skill
up gradation is considered as effective strategies.

References

Ayippan, M. (2013). 51 taluks stare at drought in rain-rich Karnataka. Retrieved June 25,
2017, from http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com:
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/51-taluks-stare-at-drought-in-rain-rich-
Karnataka/articleshow/21695022.cms
Deparmtment of Ministry of Rural Development, (. G. (2017). Schemes - Deparmtment of
Ministry of Rural Development. Retrieved June 22, 2017, from http://rural.nic.in:
http://rural.nic.in/sites/programmes-schemes.asp
Herald, D. (2017, Feb 20). Drought-hit Kadur farmers in distress. Retrieved June 25, 2017,
from http://www.deccanherald.com:
http://www.deccanherald.com/content/597277/drought-hit-kadur-farmers-
distress.html
ILO. (2010a). World Social Security Report 2010/11 Providing Coverage in times of Crisis and
Beyond. Geneva: International Labour Organization (ILO), Social Security
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Lawani, V. K. (1992).
Miller, S. M., & Syed, A. S. (2003). Poverty a global review. Jaipur & New Delhi: Rawat
Publication.
Planning Commision of India, P. (2007). Poverty Alleviation in Rural India - Strategy and
Programmes. New Delhi: Planning Commision of India, Government of India.
Prbahavathi, P., & Naveena, N. (2014). An Analysis of Poverty in Karnataka: A Study. IOSR
Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) , 19 (3), PP 27-31.

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