TEORIA ELECTROMAGNETICA Y ONDAS

PASO 2: RECONOCE LAS APLICACIONES ELECTRODINÁMICA Y DE ONDAS

PRESENTADO POR:
JOSE LUIS CASTRO LAVERDE
CODIGO: 1083908247
ANDREA DEL PILAR HERRERA SANDOVAL

TUTOR
WILMER HERNAN GUTIERREZ

GRUPO 13

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA (UNAD)

TEORIA ELECTROMAGNETICA Y ONDAS
MARZO 2018
 INTRODUCTION

In this work we find a study of the concepts corresponding to the means of propagation that
use the waves from which they are emitted until they reach a receiver or are lost in the
medium that they apply, this work will apply that theme already in problems that We can
find in real environments given that we will calculate the tangent of losses or what we know
as signal loss, we will also learn the different frequencies that apply in each of the different
drivers and their application, knowing how to calculate by means of formulas that give us the
frequency and distance of propagation from x frequency it is necessary to emphasize that this
issue will be of great importance in our professional training given that it is applied
permanently nowadays.
 OBJECTIVES

 Develop the skills to apply the best solution to each problem, based on the
knowledge initially studied.

 Analyze the way to know the loss suffered by a frequency signal from the
tangent of loss.

 Develop the skills to apply the knowledge corresponding to electrodynamics

and waves through problems raised.
 ACTIVITIES TO DEVELOP

1. Explain the practical application of the loss tangent with an example.

It is called loss tangent to the relationship established between current and displacement and
corresponds to the angle that is formed in this relationship, this measure is used to represent
the quality of isolation of a medium.
The following statuses are taken as reference for said calculation, as previously established.
Example:
Calculate the loss tangent of dry soil at a frequency of 100 MGHZ

Development:
For dry soil we take the data from the table for incongnitas 𝜎 𝑦 ∈ 𝑟

𝜎 = 1,000𝑒 −4 𝑦 ∈ 𝑟 = 3

Clearing the angle 𝛿 we obtain:

2. What kind of information give us the propagation velocity in electromagnetic waves
propagation?
This variable what it does is the measurement of the time that a wave needs so that in the
same point of the space the crossing by "0" or level of maximum signal appears. This depends
exclusively on the electromagnetic properties of the medium in which it propagates.

3. Explain how an electromagnetic wave behaves in free space, perfect dielectrics and good
conductors.
free space: Electromagnetic waves in free space can travel at the speed of light. However, in
the atmosphere there are losses in the signal that are not found in the vacuum.
Radio waves are considered electromagnetic waves like light and, like it, travel through free
space in a straight line with a speed of 300000000 meters per second.

perfect dielectrics: the treatment of the propagation of electromagnetic waves is similar to

what is said in free space, since the latter is a perfect dielectric medium.
The only difference lies in the fact that the perfect dielectric media have a permitivity
different from that of the vacuum, a fact that must be taken into account since it affects the
propagation of the waves, varying the phase speed, characteristic impedance of the medium,
refractive index, etc., with respect to the values obtained for the vacuum.
good conductors: When an electromagnetic wave propagates, not in a vacuum, but in any
material medium, the speed of propagation is not the same, in addition to other important
phenomena that should be studied, such as dispersion, reflection, refraction and absorption.

4. Using the electromagnetic spectrum, explain the practical application of every type of
radiation.
 5. What is the refraction index and what kind of information give us about the
electromagnetic waves behavior?
It informs us the relationship that exists between the speed of light in empty space and the
phase velocity of a signal in a specific medium.
This variable will always be a value greater than or equal to 1.
Some examples of refractive indices

6. are is a plane wave and a plane not and where used? what is a magnetic and non-magnetic
means and where are used? why use flat waves to explain practical models associated with
electromagnetic phenomena?

a plane wave are those waves propagating in one direction along the space.

A magnetic medium is a device that stores information by means of magnetic Hard Disks or
disk drives, disk rigid waves.

It is an example of electromagnetic waves, which sends audio signals.

 In group solve the following practical exercise

1.In an excel document make the following actions:

In a sheet put the following table, assigning an average frequency for every type of radiation.

Acronym Meaning Selected

frequency
ELF Extra Low Frequency entre los 30 y los
300 Hz
SLF Super Low Frequency 30 Hz a 300 Hz
ULF Ultra Low Frequency 300Hz a 3KHz
VLF Very Low Frequency 3KHz a 30KHz
LF Low Frequency 30KHz a 300KHz
MF Medium Frequency 300KHz a 3MHz
HF High Frequency 3MHz a 30MHz
VHF Very High Frequency 30MHz a
300MHz
UHF Ultra High Frequency 300MHz a 3GHz
SHF Super High Frequency 3GHz a 30GHz
EHF Extra High Frequency 30GHz a 300GHz
Choose one of the following problems, solve it and share the solution in the forum.
Perform a critical analysis on the group members’ contributions and reply this in the
forum.

5..For a 2.5GHz signal, traveling in seawater find the attenuation per length unit. How long
does the signal have to travel, in order to have an attenuation greater than 3dB?

The extra water can be considered a good conductor, therefore we use that assumption to
solve.
The attenuation constant is given by:

𝛼 = √𝜋. 𝑓. µ. 𝜎

For seawater, the parameters are:

𝑓 = 2.5𝐺𝐻𝑧
µ𝑟 = 1
𝜎=4

Knowing this we substitute and solve:

having:
𝛼 = 198.691𝑁𝑝/𝑚

That would be the attenuation count, under these conditions.

Now perhaps you ask is how much the wave travels for an attenuation of 3dB, which equals
half of its power:
1
𝑒 𝛼𝑧 =
2
𝑒 −𝛼𝑧 = 2
1
𝑧= ∗ ln(2) = 1.51𝑚𝑚
𝛼
 CONCLUSIONS

We develop the ability to analyze the behavior of a signal from the subject studied for this
first phase of the course corresponding to the subject of electrodynamics and waves, which
allows us to study the waves from the frequencies with which they are emitted and know
characteristics like the tangent of losses. In addition to this we analyze the different methods
of solving the problems raised from the formulas of the equations given to us
 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES

Gutiérrez, W. (2017). Loss Tangent [Video]. Retrieved from

http://hdl.handle.net/10596/13139

Chen, W. (2005). The Electrical Engineering Handbook. Boston: Academic Press. 513-519.
Retrieved from
http://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=117152&lang=es&site=ehost-live&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_513

Quesada-Pérez, M., & Maroto-Centeno, J. A. (2014). From Maxwell's Equations to Free and
Guided Electromagnetic Waves: An Introduction for First-year Undergraduates. New York:
Nova Science Publishers, Inc, 49-80 Retrieved from
http://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co:2051/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=746851&
lang=es&site=eds-live&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_49