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Design of Oil Waste Tank

( Bottom fixed & Top hinged )

Size of tank
L = 2.2 m
B = 2.2 m
H = 2.2 m

Grade of concrete ( fck ) = 30 N/mm2


Grade of steel ( fy ) = 420 N/mm2
Permissible stress ( sst ) = 150 N/mm2
Modular ratio (m) = 11.5
Density of water = 3.1 t/m3
Clear covers
Base raft = 50 mm
Wall (water face) = 50 mm
(Soil face) = 25 mm
Pressure at base due to Oil (p) = 6.82 t/m2
Case 1: ( Water pressure acting inside of Tank )

Long wall ( a/b ) = 0.5

Max vertical moment = 0.0549 ph2 x/a =y/b


= 0.0549 * 6.82 * 2.2^2
( Tension inside ) = 1.812 t.m

( Tension outside ) = 0.0159 ph2


= 0.0159 * 6.82 * 2.2^2
= 0.525 t.m

Max hori.moment

( Tension inside ) = 0.0291 ph2


= 0.0291 * 6.82 * 2.2^2
= 0.961 t.m

( Tension outside ) = 0.0119 ph2


= 0.0119 * 6.82 * 2.2^2
= 0.393 t.m

Due to hydrostatic pressure inside the tank.Shear in one wall will act as an axial tension on other wall

Max shear force due to wall = 0.245 ph


( Short wall ) = 0.245 * 6.82 * 2.2
= 3.676 t.

Tk.of section reqd for both bending & Tension

Horizontal moment = 0.961 t.m

Depth of section (d ) = T/2tb + sqrt[ (T / 2tb)2 + (6M / sctb) ]

= 3.676 * 10^4 / (2*1.3*1000) + SQRT ((3.676 / (2*1.3*1000))^2 + (6 * 0.961 * 10^7 / (1.8 * 1000))
= 193.12 mm
Design of Short wall:
a/b = 0.5*2.2/2.2 = 0.5

Max vertical moment = 0.032 ph2 x/a =y/b


= 0.032 * 6.82 * 2.2^2
( Tension inside ) = 1.056 t.m

( Tension outside ) = 0.0116 ph2


= 0.0116 * 6.82 * 2.2^2
= 0.036 t.m

Max hori.moment

( Tension inside ) = 0.0269 ph2


= 0.0269 * 6.82 * 2.2^2
= 0.888 t.m

( Tension outside ) = 0.0119 ph2


= 0.0119 * 6.82 * 2.2^2
= 0.393 t.m

Max shear force due to wall = 0.2583 ph


( Short wall ) = 0.2583 * 6.82 * 2.2
= 3.876 t.

Provide tk. Of wall = 200 mm


Effective depth ( d ) = 142 mm
Calculation of Reinforcement

Vertical reinforcement
Max veritcal moment = 1.812 t.m

Bending stress = P/A + M/Z

= 1.812 * 10^7 * 6 / ( 1000 * 200^2 )


= 2.72 N/mm2 > 1.8 N/mm2
Cracked section
Mu/bd2 [ 1.812*10^7/(1000*142^2) ] = 0.899 N/mm2
Percentage of steel ( pt ) = 0.300 %

Provide min.reinforcement = 0.3 %

Area of steel ( Ast ) = 426 mm2

Provide 12 @ 200 mm c/c Area = 565 mm2

Horizontal reinforcement
Max horizontal moment = 0.961 t.m
Max Tension = 3.876 t.
Bending stress = P/A + M/Z

= [ 3.876*10^4/(1000*200) ] + [ 0.961 * 10^7 * 6 / ( 1000 * 200^2 ) ]


= 1.64 N/mm2 < 1.8 N/mm2
Uncracked section
Mu/bd2 [ 0.961*10^7/(1000*142^2) ] = 0.477 N/mm2
Percentage of steel ( pt ) = 0.159 %

Provide min.reinforcement = 0.3 %


Area of steel ( Ast ) = 426 mm2

Provide 12 @ 200 mm c/c Area = 565 mm2

e = M/T = 248 mm

Hence the line of action of equivalent tensile force lies outside the effective depth

Effective depth = 142 mm


Eccentri = 206
Moment due to eccentricity = 3.1 * 0.206
= 0.6386 t.m
Area of steel ( Ast ) = M/sstjd + T/sst
= (0.6386*10^7/(150*0.87*142))+(3.876*10^4/150)
= 603 mm2

Check for stress: -

t'/t + sct/sct' < 1

Actual direct tensile stress in concr = 0.1938 N/mm2


Allowable direct tensile stress in c = 1.3 N/mm2
Actual tesile stress due to bending ( = 1.4415 N/mm2
Allowable tesile stress due to bending (= 1.8 N/mm2

0.1938/1.3 + 1.4415/1.8 = 0.950 < 1


Safe

Check for Uncracked section


T/tbd = 0.1491
M/sctbd2 = 0.1335
(m-1)Ast/bd = 0.0297
k=d'/d =

This section can be as uncracked section

Check for shear: -


Max shear force at the base = 6.82 t.

Shear stress Q/bjd = 6.82*10^4 / (1000*0.89*200) Cl:3.2.2-IS 3370


0.3831 N/mm2 < 1.9 N/mm2
Safe

Design of Base slab: -


00))^2 + (6 * 0.961 * 10^7 / (1.8 * 1000)))
0.961 * 10^7 / (1.8 * 1000)))
Design of Water Tank ( Bottom fixed & Top free )

Size of tank
L = 4m
B = 3m
H = 2.5 m

Grade of concrete ( fck ) = 20 N/mm2


Grade of steel ( fy ) = 415 N/mm2
Permissible stress ( sst ) = 150 N/mm2
Modular ratio (m) = 10.98
Density of water = 0.981 t/m3
Clear covers
Base raft = 50 mm
Wall (water face) = 50 mm
(Soil face) = 25 mm
Pressure at base due to water (p) = 2.4525 t/m2
Case 1: ( Water pressure acting inside of Tank )

Long wall ( b/a ) 4/2.5 = 1.75

Max vertical moment = 0.016 ph2 x/a = 1/2 y/b = 0


= 0.016 * 2.4525 * 2.5^2
( Tension outside ) = 0.245 t.m

( Tension inside ) = 0.074 ph2 x/a = 1 y/b = 0


= 0.074 * 2.4525 * 2.5^2
= 1.134 t.m

Max hori.moment

( Tension inside ) = 0.052 ph2 x/a = 1/2 y/b = 1/2


= 0.052 * 2.4525 * 2.5^2
= 0.797 t.m

( Tension outside ) = 0.025 ph2 x/a = 0 y/b = 0


= 0.025 * 2.4525 * 2.5^2
= 0.383 t.m

Due to hydrostatic pressure inside the tank.Shear in one wall will act as an axial tension on other wall

Max shear force due to wall = 0.245 ph x/a = 1/2 y/b = 0


( Short wall ) = 0.245 * 2.4525 * 2.5
= 1.502 t.

Tk.of section reqd for both bending & Tension

Horizontal moment = 0.797 t.m

Depth of section (d ) = T/2tb + sqrt[ (T / 2tb)2 + (6M / sctb) ]

= 1.502 * 10^4 / (2*1.3*1000) + SQRT [(1.502 *10^4 / (2*1.3*1000))^2 + (6 * 0.797 * 10^7 / (1.8 * 1000))]
= 168.87 mm
Design of Short wall:

Short wall ( b/a ) 3/2.5 = 1.25

Vertical moment = 0.047 ph2 x/a = 1 y/b = 0


= 0.047 * 2.4525 * 2.5^2
( Tension inside ) = 0.72 t.m

( Tension outside ) = 0.014 ph2 x/a = 1/2 y/b = 0


= 0.014 * 2.4525 * 2.5^2
= 0.014 t.m

Hori.moment

( Tension inside ) = 0.037 ph2 x/a = 1/2 y/b = 1/2


= 0.037 * 2.4525 * 2.5^2
= 0.567 t.m

( Tension outside ) = 0.015 ph2 x/a = 1/2 y/b = 0


= 0.015 * 2.4525 * 2.5^2
= 0.23 t.m

Max shear force due to wall = 0.2583 ph


( Short wall ) = 0.2583 * 2.4525 * 2.5
= 1.584 t.

Provide tk. Of wall = 200 mm


Effective depth ( d ) = 142 mm
Calculation of Reinforcement

Vertical reinforcement
Max veritcal moment = 1.134 t.m

Bending stress = P/A + M/Z

= 1.134 * 10^7 * 6 / ( 1000 * 200^2 )


= 1.70 N/mm2 < 1.8 N/mm2
Uncracked section
Mu/bd2 [ 1.134*10^7/(1000*142^2) ] = 0.562 N/mm2
Percentage of steel ( pt ) = 0.187 %

Provide min.reinforcement = 0.3 %

Area of steel ( Ast ) = 426 mm2

Provide Y10 @ 200 mm c/c Area = 393 mm2

Horizontal reinforcement
Max horizontal moment = 0.797 t.m
Max Tension = 1.584 t.
Bending stress = P/A + M/Z

= [ 1.584*10^4/(1000*200) ] + [ 0.797 * 10^7 * 6 / ( 1000 * 200^2 ) ]


= 1.27 N/mm2 < 1.8 N/mm2
Uncracked section
Mu/bd2 [ 0.797*10^7/(1000*142^2) ] = 0.395 N/mm2
Percentage of steel ( pt ) = 0.132 %

Provide min.reinforcement = 0.3 %

Area of steel ( Ast ) = 426 mm2

Provide Y10 @ 200 mm c/c Area = 393 mm2

e = M/T = 503 mm

Hence the line of action of equivalent tensile force lies outside the effective depth

Effective depth = 142 mm


Eccentri = 461
Moment due to eccentricity = 0.981 * 0.461
= 0.452241 t.m
Area of steel ( Ast ) = M/sstjd + T/sst
= (0.452241*10^7/(150*0.87*142))+(1.584*10^4/150)
= 350 mm2

Check for stress: -

t'/t + sct/sct' < 1

Actual direct tensile stress in concrete (t') = 0.0792 N/mm2


Allowable direct tensile stress in concrete (t) = 1.3 N/mm2
Actual tensile stress due to bending (sct') = 1.1955 N/mm2
Allowable tensile stress due to bending (sct) = 1.8 N/mm2
0.0792/1.3 + 1.1955/1.8 = 0.725 < 1
Safe

Check for Uncracked section


T/tbd = 1.584 * 10^4 / ( 1.3 * 1000 * 200 )
0.0609
M/sctbd2 = 0.797 *10^7 / ( 1.8 * 1000 * 200^2 )
0.1107
(m-1)Ast/bd = ( 10.98 - 1 ) * 393 / ( 1000 * 200 )
0.0196
k=d'/d =

This section can be as uncracked section

Check for shear: -


Max shear force at the base = 2.4525 t.

Shear stress Q/bjd = 2.4525*10^4 / (1000*0.89*200) Cl:3.2.2-IS 3370


0.1378 N/mm2 < 1.9 N/mm2
Safe

Design of Base slab: -


Tk. Of slab = 200 mm
Self wt of slab = 0.5 t/m2
Floor finish load = 0.1 t/m2
Wt of water = 2.45 t/m2
Total load (w) = 3.05 t/m2

Long span ( Lx ) / Short span ( Ly ) = 4/3 = 1.33 < 2

Therefore this slab can be designed as a two way slab

Bending moment co-efficients from Table 26 I.S 456-2000


ax = 0.095
ay = 0.053
Mx = ax wlx2 = 2.608 t.m
My = ay wlx2 = 1.455 t.m

Support moment = 0.797 t.m


Span moment wl2/8 = 6.1 t.m
Bending stress = M/Z

= 6.1 * 10^7 * 6 / ( 1000 * 200^2 ) ]


= 9.15 N/mm2 > 1.8 N/mm2
Cracked section
Design of Neutralising pit ( Bottom fixed & Top free )
( Under ground tank )
Size of tank Code reference: -
L = 6 m IS 456 - 2000
B = 3.2 m IS 3370
H = 3.15 m IS 1893
Grade of concrete ( fck ) = 25 N/mm2 8.5 SP-16
Grade of steel ( fy ) = 415 N/mm2
Permissible stress ( sst ) = 150 N/mm2
Modular ratio (m) = 10.98 10.98
Density of water = 0.981 t/m3
Density of soil ( g sat ) = 20 t / m3
Surcharge load ‘q’ = 10 t / m3
Angle of repose (f) = 30 (deg)
Pressure co-efficient at rest (Ko) = ( 1 - sin f )
= 1-sin30 = 0.5
Clear covers
Base raft = 50 mm
Wall (water face) = 50 mm
(Soil face) = 25 mm
Pressure at base due to water (p) = 3.09 t/m2

Seismic zone-III
Basic seismic coefficient ( a0 ) = 0.02
Soil fn coefficient system ( b ) = 1
Improtance factor ( I ) = 1.5
Horizon. Seismic coeff ( ah ) = b I a0
= 0.03
Vertical seismic co-eff ( av ) = ah / 2
= 0.015

Load case:
1. Pit empty & pressure from soil
2. No back fill & basin filled
3. External back fill & surcharge along with dynamic due earthquake

Case :1
Drain empty and pressure from saturated soil and surcharge from out side

Moment at base due to soil pr. = 1/ 2 x Ko x g sat x h3 / 3

= 1 / 2 * 0.5 * 20 * 3.15^3 / 3
= 52.093 kn.m.
Moment due to surcharge = Ko x p x h x h / 2
= 0.5 * 10 * 3.15^2 / 2
= 24.806 kn.m.

Total moment at base = 52.093 + 24.806

= 76.899 kn.m.

Case :3
Seismic analysis

Hydro-dynamic pressure on wall(pw) = wh√3 [ y/h – 0.5*(y/h)2 ]* tanh√3 * l/h

Case :2 ( Water pressure acting inside of Tank )

Long wall ( b/a ) 6/3.15 = 2

Max vertical moment = 0.016 ph2 x/a = 1/2 y/b = 0


= 0.016 * 3.09 * 3.15^2
( Tension outside ) = 0.491 t.m

( Tension inside ) = 0.074 ph2 x/a = 1 y/b = 0


= 0.074 * 3.09 * 3.15^2
= 2.269 t.m

Max hori.moment

( Tension inside ) = 0.052 ph2 x/a = 1/2 y/b = 1/2


= 0.052 * 3.09 * 3.15^2
= 1.594 t.m

( Tension outside ) = 0.025 ph2 x/a = 0 y/b = 0


= 0.025 * 3.09 * 3.15^2
= 0.767 t.m

Due to hydrostatic pressure inside the tank.Shear in one wall will act as an axial tension on other wall

Max shear force due to wall = 0.245 ph x/a = 1/2 y/b = 0


( Short wall ) = 0.245 * 3.09 * 3.15
= 2.385 t.

Tk.of section reqd for both bending & Tension

Horizontal moment = 1.594 t.m


Depth of section (d ) = T/2tb + sqrt[ (T / 2tb)2 + (6M / sctb) ]

= 2.385 * 10^4 / (2*1.3*1000) + SQRT [(2.385 *10^4 / (2*1.3*1000))^2 + (6 * 1.594 * 10^7 / (1.8 * 1000))]
= 239.86 mm
Design of Short wall:

Short wall ( b/a ) 3.2/3.15 = 1.25

Vertical moment = 0.047 ph2 x/a = 1 y/b = 0


= 0.047 * 3.09 * 3.15^2
( Tension inside ) = 1.441 t.m

( Tension outside ) = 0.014 ph2 x/a = 1/2 y/b = 0


= 0.014 * 3.09 * 3.15^2
= 0.014 t.m

Hori.moment

( Tension inside ) = 0.037 ph2 x/a = 1/2 y/b = 1/2


= 0.037 * 3.09 * 3.15^2
= 1.134 t.m

( Tension outside ) = 0.015 ph2 x/a = 1/2 y/b = 0


= 0.015 * 3.09 * 3.15^2
= 0.46 t.m

Max shear force due to wall = 0.2583 ph


( Short wall ) = 0.2583 * 3.09 * 3.15
= 2.514 t.

Provide tk. Of wall = 200 mm


Effective depth ( d ) = 142 mm
Calculation of Reinforcement

Vertical reinforcement
Max veritcal moment = 2.269 t.m

Bending stress = P/A + M/Z

= 2.269 * 10^7 * 6 / ( 1000 * 200^2 )


= 3.40 N/mm2 > 1.8 N/mm2
Cracked section
Mu/bd2 [ 2.269*10^7/(1000*142^2) ] = 1.125 N/mm2
Percentage of steel ( pt ) = 0.375 %
Provide min.reinforcement = 0.3 %

Area of steel ( Ast ) = 532.6291 mm2

Provide Y10 @ 200 mm c/c Area = #VALUE! mm2

Horizontal reinforcement
Max horizontal moment = 1.594 t.m
Max Tension = 2.514 t.
Bending stress = P/A + M/Z

= [ 2.514*10^4/(1000*200) ] + [ 1.594 * 10^7 * 6 / ( 1000 * 200^2 ) ]


= 2.52 N/mm2 > 1.8 N/mm2
Cracked section
Mu/bd2 [ 1.594*10^7/(1000*142^2) ] = 0.791 N/mm2
Percentage of steel ( pt ) = 0.264 %

Provide min.reinforcement = 0.3 %

Area of steel ( Ast ) = 426 mm2

Provide Y10 @ 200 mm c/c Area = #VALUE! mm2

e = M/T = 634 mm

Hence the line of action of equivalent tensile force lies outside the effective depth

Effective depth = 142 mm


Eccentri = 592
Moment due to eccentricity = 0.981 * 0.592
= 0.580752 t.m
Area of steel ( Ast ) = M/sstjd + T/sst
= (0.580752*10^7/(150*0.87*142))+(2.514*10^4/150)
= 481 mm2

Check for stress: -

t'/t + sct/sct' < 1

Actual direct tensile stress in concrete (t') = 0.1257 N/mm2


Allowable direct tensile stress in concrete (t) = 1.3 N/mm2
Actual tensile stress due to bending (sct') = 2.391 N/mm2
Allowable tensile stress due to bending (sct) = 1.8 N/mm2

0.1257/1.3 + 2.391/1.8 = 1.425 > 1


Not safe

Check for Uncracked section


T/tbd = 2.514 * 10^4 / ( 1.3 * 1000 * 200 )
0.0967
M/sctbd2 = 1.594 *10^7 / ( 1.8 * 1000 * 200^2 )
0.2214
(m-1)Ast/bd = #VALUE!
#VALUE!
k=d'/d =

This section can be as uncracked section

Check for shear: -


Max shear force at the base = 3.09 t.

Shear stress Q/bjd = 3.09*10^4 / (1000*0.89*200) Cl:3.2.2-IS 3370


0.1736 N/mm2 < 1.9 N/mm2
Safe
Design of Base slab: -
Tk. Of slab = 200 mm
Self wt of slab = 0.5 t/m2
Floor finish load = 0.1 t/m2
Wt of water = 3.09 t/m2
Total load (w) = 3.69 t/m2
Long span ( Lx ) / Short span ( Ly ) = 6 / 3.2 = 1.88 < 2

Therefore this slab can be designed as a two way slab

Bending moment co-efficients from Table 26 I.S 456-2000


ax = 0.095
ay = 0.053
Mx = ax wlx2 = 3.59 t.m
My = ay wlx2 = 2.003 t.m

Support moment = 1.594 t.m


Span moment wl2/8 = 16.605 t.m
Bending stress = M/Z

= 16.605 * 10^7 * 6 / ( 1000 * 200^2 ) ]


= 24.91 N/mm2 > 1.8 N/mm2
Cracked section
0^7 / (1.8 * 1000))]
4.1 RCC Design of Side drain

Cocrete grade ( fck ) = 20 N / mm2

Grade of steel ( fy ) = 415 N / mm2

Width of drain = 400 mm

Depth of drain = 1.00 m

Thickness of wall = 150 mm

Density of soil ( g sat ) = 20 kn / m3

Surcharge load ‘q’ = 10 kn / m3

Angle of repose (f) = 30 (deg)

Pressure co-efficient at rest (Ko) = ( 1 - sin f )

= 1-sin30 = 0.5

Case :1
Drain empty and pressure from saturated soil and surcharge from out side

Moment at base due to soil pr. = 1/ 2 x Ko x g sat x h3 / 3

= 1 / 2 * 0.5 * 20 * 1^3 / 3
= 1.667 kn.m.
Moment due to surcharge = Ko x p x h x h / 2
= 0.5 * 10 * 1^2 / 2
= 2.5 kn.m.

Total moment at base = 1.667 + 2.5

= 4.167 kn.m.

Case 2:
Drain is full and no earth pressure from outside

Moment at base of wall = 1/ 2 x wh x h x h /3


= 10 * 1^3 / 6
= 1.667

Max design moment = 4.167 kn.m.

Effective depth ( d ) = 120 mm


Mu / bd2 = 4.167 * 1.5 * 10^6 / 1000 * 120^2

= 0.434 N / mm2
Refering from table 2 of SP-16,
Percentage of steel (Pt) = 0.123 %

Min.steel required = 0.12 %

Area of steel of required (Ast) = 147.6 mm2

Provide Y10 @ 250 mm c/c #VALUE! Area = #VALUE! mm2

Shear force at base = 10 kn

Factored shear stress ( tv ) = Vu / bd

= 0.13 N / mm2

#VALUE! Allowable shear stress ( tc ) = #VALUE! N / mm2

tv #VALUE! tc #VALUE!

Min steel for horizontal reinf.0.12 % , i.e 144 mm2

Provide Y8 @ 250 mm c/c


Tk. 150
Moment 1.20

M/bd2 0.53
Min . 0.12
Pt 0.18

Ast 267

provide Y10 @ 200 c/c Area #VALUE! mm2

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