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A 220-kV, 150 MVA, 60-Hz, three-phase transmission line is 140 km long. The
characteristic parameters of the transmission line are:
where, r is the resistance per kilometer, x is the reactance per kilometer, y is the shunt
admittance per kilometer.
The voltage at the receiving end of the transmission line is 210 kV. Although this
transmission line would normally be considered a medium-length transmission line, we
will treat it as short line:
Transmission line
Load
Generator Receiving
Sending end
end
Solution:
• The series resistance, series reactance, and shunt admittance of the transmission
line:
• The current out of this transmission line is given by. Note that the per-phase
equivalent circuit implicitly assumes a wye (Y) connection, so the current is the
same in phase or line configuration.
S out = 3 VL I R
S out 150 MVA
IR = = = 412 A
3VL 3 × 210 kV
210 kV
VR = = 121 kV
3
Since the transmission line is considered as “short”, the admittance (or shunt capacitance)
may be ignored. This produces in a per phase transmission line model consisting of a
series resistance and inductance only. The phase voltage at the sending end of the line
when the power factor is 0.85 lagging will be
Vs = V R + I R R + I R X L
= 121∠0o + (412∠ − 31.8o )(16.8 + j123.2) = 158.6∠14.4o kV
VL = 3 × 158.6 = 275 kV
The phase voltage at the sending end of the line when the power factor is unity will be
Vs = VR + I R R + I R X L
= 121∠0o + (412∠0 o )(16.8 + j123.2) = 137.6∠21.6 o kV
VL = 3 × 137 = 238 kV
The phase voltage at the sending end of the line when the power factor is 0.85 leading
Vs = VR + I R R + I R X L
= 121∠0 o + (412∠31.8 o )(16.8 + j123.2) = 110.5∠25.0 o kV
VL = 3 × 110.5 = 191 kV
Vnl − V fl
VR = × 100
V fl
• The voltage regulation at 0.85 PF lagging; PF unity; and 8.5 PF leading:
275 − 210
VR = × 100 = 31.1%
210
238 − 210
VR = × 100 = 13.7%
210
191 − 210
VR = × 100 = −8.7%
210
Pin = 3V S I S cos θ S
= 3 × 158.6 kV × 412 × cos(14.4 − (−31.8) ) = 135.7 kW
Pout 127 kW
η= × 100% = × 100% = 93.6%
Pin 135.7 kW