Professional Documents
Culture Documents
INTRO
This Web Site, developed by Acme Studios (the UK's leading artists' studios development
agency) provides an introduction to the fascinating history of artists in East London from 1960
to the present day. It profiles a number of the artists and organisations who have been
involved in the growth and development of their community in East London, which has made
such a fundamental contribution to the current vitality of the visual arts in Britain and the
recognition of London as a world city. The web site is structured around ten significant
buildings, iconic places which at different stages artists came to inhabit and develop their art:
The Whitechapel Art Gallery, St Katharine Dock, Dilston Grove, Butlers Wharf, Devons Road,
Martello Street, Beck Road, Rachel Whiteread's' House', Copperfield Road and Hoxton
Square.
"We read and hear that there are more artists in the East End than any other city in Europe,
but where did they come from, why did they choose East London, what were the major events
that triggered the first exploratory move thirty years ago, and how did the area become the
crucible for this phenomenon?
This website is a 'curtain-raiser' for a full historical survey which will follow soon. As such the
content is not definitive, but it will help you explore this extraordinary story, find out more
about the artists involved, and dig a little deeper into the history of the growth and
development of their community in East London.
The story has two main threads: firstly how cultural changes in art which in the 60s prompted
artists' need to find big buildings, and secondly how in the 70s a new generation of artists'
quest for survival led them to East London.
The unfolding of both these journeys saw the formation of two pioneering artists'
organisations, SPACE and ACME, who were the key players in this massive influx of artists.
You can find out about the artists, and also the history of the organisations which have
supported them through the menu of ten significant buildings, Iconic places which at different
stages artists came to inhabit and develop their art."
WHITECHAPEL – HISTORY AND SEMINAL
SHOWS
….text missing….
ST KATHERINE – SPACE PIONEERS
Introduction
"The number of artists who have been helped by SPACE is vast: many ... artists in London
have at one time or another rented studios from SPACE. When I moved into a studio, the
artists already working in SPACE studios would sound like a roll call of British art: artists such
as; Martin Naylor, Nigel Hall, Alison
Wilding, Paul Neagu, Janet Nathan, Bruce Lacey, Tony Bevan, Albert Irvin, Ian McKeever,
James Faure-Walker, Brian Catling, John Loker, Gary Wragg, Julia Peyton-Jones, David
Ward and many others".
1968-1970 SPACE pioneers
The two organisations that have done most to foster
the move of artists into East London are SPACE and
Acme. Both set out on parallel journeys, acquiring
short-term leases on redundant properties to be
used as cheap space by artists. SPACE (formed in
1968) sought working space only. Acme (formed in
1972) initially pursued combined working and living
space. The opportunity for both organisations arose
because of the extraordinary availability of
redundant property in East London after the ravages
of the Second World War and as a result of the Bert Irvin's studio at St Katharine Dock, 1969
general reduction in industrial activity and the
relocation of the docks downstream to Tilbury. An important factor behind the
SPACE was the first of its kind and its importance need for larger working spaces
cannot be overestimated. The sheer size of the was an influence of the
industrial warehouses in London's dockland international art scene in the late
necessitated collective rather than individual action 1960s. Art historian, Michael
and the formation of an organisation was almost Archer, states that:
inevitable. SPACE established a model which has
"It is well understood that
been followed and adapted by many groups of
the impact of American
artists throughout the United Kingdom: an
painting... was
educational charity which included the remit of
instrumental in stimulating
providing affordable space for artists.
that move to larger-scale
The pioneers of SPACE were established artists work. Without ready
needing large studio spaces which could not be access to adequate studio
accommodated within an average London house. In space, however, the
the process of helping themselves they were able to continued development of
provide access to affordable space (and other those tendencies identified
services) for many other artists from a broad range in the Whitechapel's 'New
of ages and disciplines. Generation' shows of 1964
and 1965 would have
By contrast Acme's founder members were young been more difficult."(1)
art graduates seeking to live and work in London
who, rather than seeking warehouse space, found
'short-life' houses and shops (destined for demolition
and negotiated from the Greater London Council)
Empty warehouse space at Ivory building St
because they needed somewhere cheap to live as Katharine Dock
well as to work. Acme was much more an initiative of
a particular generation with common needs. (Acme's This movie will take a while to load Use the
control strip to stop and start the movie once it
story of the 'Early Days - The Pioneers 1972' is has loaded
related in the section on Devons Road).
10.op.cit.fn.1
10.Bridget Riley.op.cit.fn.7
11.op.cit.fn.7
Dilston Grove, Concrete Quarterly, 1974, Church into Studio, photograph by Trevor Jones
for British Cement Association, archival print from BCA Centre for Concrete Information
Introduction
Dilston Grove, the name of a sleepy back road in the southwest corner of Southwark Park,
London SE16 also marks the focal point at one end of the street, a building of concrete
construction built and blessed as Clare College Mission Church in 1911. The iconic cross,
perched on the roof, denotes the building's former use; its continued presence maintains a
symbolic reference to its role as a sanctuary for an ever changing flock. The history and
meaning of the building was reshaped in 1969 by a group of artists, graduates from the
Royal College of Art, who shared the inner sanctuary as a studio/workshop rebaptising it as
Dilston Studio. In 1978 the local authority had other plans for the building and the artists
vacated. For the following twenty-one years the future of Dilston Studio remained in the
balance; pigeons took vacant possession. In 1999 the Bermondsey Artists' Group resumed
the artistic link with the 70s securing a short lease from Southwark Council for the Café
Gallery. Dilston Studio has now become known as Dilston Grove.
.
Dilston Grove, Concrete Quarterly, 1974, Church into Studio, photograph by Trevor Jones
for British Cement Association, archival print from BCA Centre for Concrete Information
Dilston Studio 1969 -
1978
Some of that team energy you see when
children are playing perhaps, but also a
world free of contemporary
'professionalisation' - in truth amateur (as
in the French, positive, sense) with the
same resourcefulness you see in
allotments. A world of pre 'health & safety'
and 'quality assurance'. I remember the
legal aspect being something
'gentlemanly' it must have been an
almighty act of goodwill & old fashioned
trust on the part of the man at Southwark
Council. In that sense we were true
privateers and away from the more
systematic approach. The relentlessness
of the property ladder had not yet been
invented - a large house in Islington was
almost £6,000 at the time. I think it is
important to locate it in some sort of
social reality. I have an unfindable slide
Dilston Studio, 1974, Concrete Quarterly,1974, from the early 70s advertising for
Church into Studio, photograph by Trevor Jones for
British Cement Association, archival print from BCA postmen - £26 a week. I watched the
Centre for Concrete Information terraces being cleared at the Elephant
where I lived (hence Southwark
From 1969 a group of artists, recent connection)" (4)
graduates from the Royal College of
Art, occupied the deconsecrated
church as studio space. In want of
space to work the artists sent letters to
London councils. (They were aware of
S.P.A.C.E but there was no direct
connection.) Southwark Council
responded and offered the artists
Clare College Mission Church in
Dilston Grove. The Church was in a
derelict state needing tiles to the roof,
glass to the windows, copper pipes to
the mains water supply, floorboards
and a loo. A journalist recorded his
impressions of the building in 1974:
"...we went to have a
look. ...facing onto the
green and open
Southwark Park and
backed by some down-at- Dilston Studio, 1974, Concrete Quarterly,1974, Church into Studio,
photograph by Trevor Jones for British Cement Association,
heel streets of Victorian archival print from BCA Centre for Concrete Information.
housing, stands this
romantic Italianate church With the metamorphosis of ‘church into studio’
with its shallow pitched came the renaming of the building to Dilston
roof, overhanging eaves, Studio. The interior became a lofty, empty,
and rose window in the rectangular shell, an open work space for several
end wall....it has rather a artists though ‘there are a few clues as to its
faded air of grandeur and previous use - a raised area at the north end
it is coming apart a bit at where the altar used to be, a balcony where the
the seams here and there organist once sat....’(5).
with odd bits of
reinforcement showing. Carl Plackman, sculptor, and James Dillon,
But it is still noble and furniture designer, joined Richard Wentworth in
robust.." (3) the main studio space. Two textile
designers/printers, Jane Hill and Sue Saunders
Clare College organised the removal
of the fixed furniture (the altar occupied the adjacent Parish Room.
dismantled into portable pieces). The
By 1978 Southwark Council had plans for a
church had been heated by a central
boiler feeding vertical cast iron community centre at Dilston Studio. The artists
radiators. These were removed to were asked to leave and vacated without
argument.
provide clear working walls.The artists
'pulled out a lot of junk' selling it for 'a
few bob', York paving slabs sold for
about £20, as a job lot, church pews
went to a restaurateur for £10 a piece
and 'piles of burnt prayer books' hit the
skip.
'hippy', 'resourceful',
'making shift' with the
attitude of being 'up the
Hindu push and we’ll be
alright'....
...it was interesting to think
over the innocence,
romantic energy, a sheer
shortsighted biological
stamina (we were in our
early 20s...) which made
one so un-circumspect to
undertake a place like
Dilston Studio.
Dilston Grove 1999 - Café Gallery Projects
administered by Bermondsey Artists' Group
The first exhibition to be held at Dilston
Grove was in May 1999. Curated by Simon
Morrissey 'Word enough to save a life, Word
Video of the Private View to Ark 2000 (recorded by Jessy
Rahman) - selected parts of people in the space looking at enough to take a life' was a group exhibition
the exhibits shown in fast forward mode. with works by Melanie Counsell and James
Sound tape by Jane Deakin (music produced and written by Thornhill.
Chris McKensie for Jane Deakin's exhibit The Grasshopper
at Ark 2000)
This movie will take a while to load Use the control strip to
stop and start the movie once it has loaded
2.bid.p.40
3.bid.p.39
The Butlers Wharf story charts the classic case of artists as pioneers
who find low-cost studio space in neglected inner city areas, move in,
preserve and renovate causing rejuvenation within a few years, thus
drawing attention to the area and 'lifestyle' possibilities, ultimately
being forced out by the property market. It describes the establishment
of a community of independent artists in studios by the Thames,
rendered homeless again through development, leading to the
formation of Chisenhale studios in Bow, 1980.
INTRODUCTION AND
BACKGROUND
It looked for all the world like a film
set of grim Dickensian horror, looming
out on the riverside, and with barred
windows and rattling gantries above
the narrow cobbled street Shad
Thames which threads through the
middle of the wharves. Butlers Wharf
in Bermondsey, forming a 14 acre
complex of ageing Victorian
warehouse buildings, lies on the
South bank of the Thames just across
from St Katherine's dock and
immediately downriver from Tower
Bridge.
(2)
EXODUS OF ARTISTS -
CHISENHALE
The Council, whose leader Paul
The GLC slapped dangerous
structures notices on some of the Beasley became one of
Chisenhale's Trustee Directors
warehouses, and demanded that the
owners make the buildings safe, and ( he also championed the major
bring them into line with current safety revamping of the Whitechapel
Gallery together with the gallery
and fire regulations. For financial
reasons, apart from anything else, this director Nick Serota) gave them a
they were understandably reluctant to four year rent-free period, the
artists carried out all the repair
do, and because of the fundamentally
'illegal' nature of the artists' and restoration work themselves,
occupancy, Town and City took the and by October moved from
Butlers Wharf to their new home.
opportunity to initiate what was to
become the exodus of all the artists.
(3) By September 1982 the studios
were finished and fully occupied,
Those artists in A block immediately and the main gallery space on the
affected by the fire who did not make ground floor was in operation.(5)
their own immediate alternative
arrangements elsewhere, ( to Suffolk
in one case, or further eastwards in
riverside warehouses) were offered on
licence some space in another wharf
at the rear of the estate.
BIBLIOGRAPHY Other
sources:
1. David Toop "Stephen Cripps - Henry Lydiate
pyrotechnic sculptor - a "Dear landlord,
monograph"Published by Acme please don't
put a price on
2. "Riverside Warehouses to be my soul"
preserved" Artlaw article in
Art Monthly
3. "The Riverside that went to November
Blazes" Time Out Article 1979. 1978
4. "Why riverside art could go up in Rick Davies
smoke" "London
South London Press December Today", Capital
1979 Radio,
November
5. East London Advertiser 1979
September 1982
The Guardian
January 1980
Butlers Wharf
Association
statement
November
1979
The Observer
January 1980
DEVONS ROAD
The first properties to be
managed by Acme Studios
were 105 and 117 Devons
Road in Bow, E3, in the The following charts that history to 1994, and touches on
heart of London’s East End. some of the main external factors to shape its development.
These redundant and semi-
derelict Victorian shops, Acme’s story from 1995 to the present day is related in the
licensed to Acme in 1973 by section on Copperfield Road. Beck Road (1975-1990) with
the Greater London Council, 26 artists’ houses in one street, gives more details about
marked the beginnings of an Acme’s use of short-life houses.
organisation which would
become the largest provider
of working and living space
for artists in the United
Kingdom.
105 (far left), and 117 (second from right) Devons Road, Bow, E3 Acme’s first short-life
properties
EARLY DAYS - THE
PIONEERS 1972
On 9th November 1972, Acme Housing
Association Ltd. was formally registered as a
non-profit making company under the Industrial
and Provident Societies Act 1965. It was an
initiative by recent graduates from Reading
University Fine Art Department; young artists
seeking cheap space to work and live in London.
The original founder members were Kevin
Goldstein-Jackson, Tom Goodman, Jonathan
Harvey, Rosemary Harvey, David Panton, Claire
Smith and Susan Sauerbrun. It was led by The Kipper Kids at The Cobdens Head Public House
Jonathan Harvey and David Panton (still Acme’s (189 St.Leonards Road)
Co-Directors 28 years later!) and was formed
with the sole aim of providing the seven
founders with cheap studio and living
accommodation.
Jonathan Harvey and David Panton and 117 Devons Road (first
Acme office), 1974
A row of typical boarded-up houses in Bow, E3 (1973) David Panton and Jonathan Harvey
suddenly found themselves running a
voluntary service organisation for other
artists in similar need
RAPID GROWTH 1974 -
1975
The first full year saw rapid and unexpected The fact that Acme was helping artists,
growth; by December Acme was managing 76 which had caused some raised eyebrows
houses providing living and studio space at the GLC, was now not an issue. Soon
Acme was managing more short-life
houses than any other association in
London. In collaboration with SPACE
studios, Acme published "Help Yourself to
Studio Space" an initiative presenting the
organisations as a model to help emerging
studio organisations in other cities.
Advisory visits followed and a fundamental
area of work, providing advice and
consultancy services to others, was
established. As word of Acme's work
Larger scale properties in Approach Rd, E2. These four- quickly spread amongst artists, demand
storey houses were divided into two seperate units
increased and other sources of property,
the London boroughs, were approached
for 90 artists and their families. Many of these
for the first time. In Hammersmith and
houses had longer 'lives' than the first two in
Fulham Acme was asked to take on an old
Devons Road and initial grants towards basic
school at Hetley Road and a school
repairs. Jonathan and David had also
kitchen at Faroe Road to help a group of
succeeded in getting charitable status for
19 local artists seeking studio space.
Acme which eased the path to getting funding
towards running costs (an administration
grant for two years from The Calouste
Gulbenkian Foundation) and repairs (from the
Arts Council) towards converting parts of the
houses to working studios. 1974 established a
clear philosophy of support for artists which
has continued to this day. Operating as a
social landlord, Acme became a conduit
between cheap property and artists. Artists
arrived by word-of-mouth and were selected
onto a waiting list having demonstrated clear
commitment and need, and crucially that they
would benefit from what was on offer. The
organisational structure of Acme was also laid
down at this time - a management committee,
two executive officers and staff. It was not a
membership organisation or co-operative, in
contrast to many other studio organisations.
Acme wanted artists to do what they do best -
develop and make their own work - it was
Acme's job as a landlord to manage property. "Help Yourself to Studio Space" leaflet (1975)
However in those early days 'self-help' was
the name of the game and it was only by
artists' direct physical involvement in the
rebuilding of their houses that rents could be
kept so low (£12.99 per month). Because the
houses were due for demolition, artists had
the freedom to create their own working and
living environments, in most cases with the
removal of interior walls, totally transforming
the layout and use of a conventional 'two-up,
two-down plus back addition' terraced house. Old Schools' Kitchen in Faroe Road, W14 (1975). Now
managed by ACAVA as studio and exhibition space.
Many of the houses were transferred in
clusters around particular streets so that a
It was not then expected that this first
community of artists, living independently but
venture into non-residential studios would
in close proximity to one another, naturally
last or develop: 25 years later the buildings
evolved. In September the first ever 'Open
are owned by an important studio
Houses' event was launched with 50 houses
organisation, ACAVA (Association for
(and studios) open to the public over one
Cultural Advancement through the Visual
weekend.
Arts) and Acme itself is now the largest
If the first test of Acme as a short-life manager manager of studios in the United
was that it could take on houses, however
derelict, and make full use of them, the
second was that it could hand them back on
time when recalled for demolition. In March,
13 properties were successfully returned to
the GLC cementing the relationship and
demonstrating Acme's seriousness and
efficiency.
THE ACME GALLERY &
FIRST STUDIO
BUILDINGS 1976
The collective energy created by the now
considerable number of artists who had
established their homes and studios in semi-
derelict property in the East End naturally
gave rise to debate about how their work
could be shown and promoted. The need for
gallery space, an alternative to the public and
commercial galleries, was forcefully
articulated and, after one or two false starts, a
redundant banana warehouse in Shelton
Street in Covent Garden was secured from
the GLC.
Stuart Brisley - '10 Days' (December 1978) Albert Irvin - 'Recent Paintings' (April/May 1980)
Stephen Cripps
1985 - 1989
The 80s saw the continuing availability of April 1986 saw the abolition of the Greater
cheap ex-industrial space and by the end of London Council by the then Conservative
the decade Acme had expanded to overtake Government. Acme had worked with the GLC
SPACE studios to become the largest single for nearly fifteen years and had been viewed
provider of non-commercial artists' studios in as an efficient and resourceful manager of
the UK. This was achieved through the property, rather than as an arts organisation.
acquisition of a 16 year lease on part of a The GLC's unwitting support of art and artists
huge factory, originally Yardleys' Cosmetics, only came to be recognised at the last
in Carpenters Road, E15 moment. It was also in the eleventh hour that
35 artist households, through Acme's
negotiations, were given tenant status,
leading to security and the possibility of home
ownership. With an increase in the number of
houses returned, `hand-backs' exceeded
transfers for the first time and at the end of
1986 the total number of houses managed
had reduced to 224. During 1987 numbers
were maintained, but the impending
implementation of the M11 motorway
scheme, and more generally a move away
from housing provision by local authorities
and a reduction in the scale of schemes,
made the continuing reduction in Acme's use
Carpenters Road site - formerly Yardley's perfume factory
of short-life property inevitable. As a result
Acme's housing waiting list was closed.
Rachel Whiteread in her Carpenters Road studio The transfer of municipal short-life housing
stock to Acme had now ceased. Acme
Over the next four years a further two leases however began to form new partnerships with
would be taken on the site, making a total of other housing associations who were now
88,000 square feet, providing studios for 160 becoming the main providers of social
artists. Conversion of the studios was housing, a role formerly reserved for local
achieved with help from the Arts Council and authorities. Three large houses in E1, owned
significantly, for the first time, with by Newlon Housing Trust but awaiting
regeneration grants, in this instance through funding for rehabilitation, were converted to 9
the Economic Development Unit of the studio units for temporary use.
London Borough of Newham.
FURTHER EXPANSION
1990/91
In April 1990 the Inner London Education With a 25 year renewable lease, the
Authority was abolished. The ILEA had taken conversion was funded from a number of
over properties, formerly in the management sources including the London Borough of
of the GLC, which had originally been Lewisham, Greater London Arts, the Henry
intended for demolition to make way for new Moore Foundation and the Paul Hamlyn
schools. 26 houses in Beck Road E8 had Foundation.
been transferred to Acme in the mid-70s
making it the largest single concentration of
artists’ houses. Through joint action by Beck
Road artists and Acme,
the long-term security of individual tenants
was secured enabling the majority of the
artists eventually to buy their homes at
discounted prices. Meanwhile as the Beck
Road artists, and many others in Acme
houses elsewhere, were contemplating a
secure future, Acme was seeking further
studio buildings as demand for cheap studios
continued to grow. During 1990 and 1991
two further major buildings were acquired in
South East London. The first in Childers
Street, SE8, formerly a ships' propeller
foundry, but subsequently occupied by the
current owners (Donovan Bros., paper bag
manufacturers) was developed in two
phases, creating 53 studios over 30,000
square feet. Eilis O'Connell in her Childers Street studio
The Beck Road section displays Quicktime movies in its pages, they will take time to download and need
Quicktime 4 or higher to view at their best.
Background
Richard Cork talking about Beck Road However, even the Wilsonian "white-hot
revolution" ran out of money, and grand civic
Use the control strip to stop and start the sound once it has loaded
The ravages of the Second World War were schemes ground to a halt. By the end of the 60s
nowhere more extreme in Great Britain than in the the lack of cash, which also precipitated the
East End of London, where the Blitz and subsequent abandonment of any long-term positive political
bombing campaigns were centred on the London commitment left behind vast tracts of empty
docks and surrounding industrial hinterland. Cheek houses, attracting further neglect, dereliction and
by jowl within this industrial quarter lay street upon decay.
street of working-class terraced housing and
tenement blocks, which suffered similar damage. Consequently, East London effectively now was
in a state of 'limbo', where whole districts were
After the war the London County Council, (LCC), the earmarked for various future plans and schemes,
centralised government for London which besides its but no activity could be undertaken. Any use of
responsibilities for health, education, the fire brigade existing properties, therefore, was necessarily
and other London services was charged with overall interim, and many thousands of houses, whole
responsibility for the rebuilding of all the damaged groups of streets in some cases, were thus
and destroyed municipal properties, in particular the classified as 'short-life'. Much unwelcome
'slum' terraces of East London. attention was focused in the early 70s on this
category of London housing, both from squatting,
which during this period particularly from
students became a mass activity, virtually an
orthodox 'alternative' to council rented
accommodation, and very much on the darker
side of the coin, from racketeering landlords, who
saw huge profits to be made from this cheap
property to rent, and there were several notorious
instances indicating connivance with persons
Early Acme photo of a derelict street. within the GLC.
This allowed the artists to support themselves Because all Acme licensees are
through part-time work, such as art school teaching, practising artists over the ten years
leaving time and spare resources to develop their a community of mutual support
own work. rapidly developed in Beck Road,
through an exchange of resources,
contacts and information. Most of
It can be seen that, in contrast to other housing
the original artists remained in the
associations and all other users of short-life property
street, having invested much time
to help the needy homeless, who viewed the
and effort in their own houses and
technically substandard facilities as a necessary
studios, put down roots, had
'evil', and effectively uneconomic, to artists this
children, and in many instances
represented not only a chance for a cheap roof over
worked in the locality
their heads , but also room enough for workspace,
and thus to grasp a golden opportunity to create
their own environment proved both a financially and
psychologically liberating experience.
Heyday
At its height Beck Road housed 42 artists
and their dependants, and under the
umbrella of Acme a sustainable
community infrastructure gradually had
evolved, contributing to inner city renewal
and environmental improvements. All the
artists had established themselves to
some degree, and a gallery, 'Interim Art',
was opened by Maureen Paley in number
21.The gallery's name came from the fact
that it was located in a short-life house.
The next few years were to see a sustained The appeal was directed, following a half hour
period of negotiation and investigation, Channel 4 ‘Open Space’ programme, "Artist in
various possible routes were explored, and Residence" which went out in April 1988, at the
the GLC was in theory behind Acme and the general public, and some donations were gratefully
tenants initiatives to try to secure tenure. received, but went in reality nowhere toward the
The Beck Road Association with Acme half million deficit identified.
looked at several purchase options for the
street, ranging from co-operative purchase,
private individual sales, registered housing
association purchase, and shared
ownership. The fundamental position to be
achieved was necessarily that the houses
must remain in public ownership and remain
work/live, so that future artists, as well as the
current occupants, would benefit from a
permanent cultural resource.
Beck Road E8, looking towards Mare Street
Outcome
External events, as is often This new scenario effectively put paid to the Beck Road
the case, overtook the Arts Trust notion of a publicly owned resource, bypassed
process to decide on the fate Acme, and the majority of the artists took the purchase
of Beck Road. The abolition opportunity offered to them.
of the ILEA happened faster
than the disposal of property Some artists could not even afford a discounted sale, and
within its portfolio, and a after a short while moved on. Some took the first
short-lived curiosity was opportunity and sold on their houses at a profit, moving to
formed, the London other parts of the country. The majority, however, still work
Residuary Body, to whom and live in the street, and the houses, albeit with newer
the rump of all GLC and bathrooms, attest to their adaptability and suitability as work
ILEA property was passed. /live environments.
The LRB’s principal, indeed
only remit, was to dispose of
everything as fast as
possible, and the Beck Road
houses were offered for
purchase to the artists in the
street with a discount, thus
accepting their long term Bibliography
relationship as effectively
tenants.
1.Third Acme Brochure 1990
Some officers at the GLC
deeply unhappy at the loss
of council houses to 2.Beck Road Arts Trust Appeal brochure April 1988
privatisation formed a new
Housing Association
especially to be in a position 3.Channel 4 'Open Space' programme "Artists in residence"
to purchase some of the April 1988
available houses arising
from the abolitiuon,
ultimately becoming the new 4.Channel 4 10pm news with Trevor Macdonald April 1988
landlord for some of the
Beck Road artists.