Grange Tower Bridge Hotel London, 27 – 29 March 2012

Background Information for the debate on

Benefits and Barriers to CBTC and ETCS

Convergence
http://blogs.terrapinn.com/rail/2012/03/09/overcoming-cbtc-etcs-
interoperability-challenges/

Watch the pre-conference debate and then join the live

discussion on March 27 at MetroRail 2012

Contact Tony Gowland +44 7771 605 391 1

Panel Topic

Benefits and Barriers to

CBTC and ETCS convergence

2
Background – Product Origins
CBTC ETCS
Application Metro High Speed Line

Sponsor (Individual metro European

clients) Commission
Primary Capacity Interoperability
Objective Safety
Developer Supplier UNISIG (to standard
[proprietary air gap specification)
technology]
Signalling unlocks other benefits

Capacity Cost Customer Carbon

3
 Railway Characteristics
Metro Mainline
Passenger Typically single service Mixed speeds & traffic types
Services Consistent service pattern Wide variation in route and pattern

Journeys Short Long

Trains Single Fleet Mixed fleet
High acceleration and braking rate Low acceleration and braking rate
Door layout optimised for boarding and Door layout & Interior designed for
alighting maximum seating capacity
Interior designed for carrying capacity
[Standing & Seating]

Operations Turn up and go Timetable

Focus on headway (service frequency) Focus on timetable adherence

Capacity Very High Variable across route and region

Demand
Track No / Limited branch lines Many branch lines
Lines separate, interconnection via station No line separation, interconnection via
platform

Platform Passenger / Dwell Time Management Minutes count

Seconds count 4
Railway Characteristics
Railway characteristics impact performance

Metros tend to be:

• Operationally simpler
• Higher performance / Capacity demand
• Justify/need greater automation
• Upgraded and planned as a ‘system’

Mainline tend to be:

• Operationally and physically complex
• Hard to justify/exploit automation
• Latent inefficiency in service pattern and operations
• Assets replaced in piecemeal fashion

5
System Examples
Metro – Victoria Line

Total length operated ~ 21 km, Stations ~ 16, Routes – 1

Mainline - Great Western

Total length operated ~ 2129 km,

Stations ~ 270+ , Routes ~20

6
Projects driving technology convergence

Metro Mainline
Metros moving Mainline railways
towards Inter- needing higher
operability capacity

NYCT Canarsie Line Thameslink

Crossrail
RATP Ouragan EOLE
S-Bane Copenhagen

7
Performance Issues
Crossrail route -95% of Arrive at destination with 5 mins of scheduled ETCS / CBTC interfaces not developed
time Smooth and timely transitions are required to realises
Central section -24tph rising to 30 tph (operational) capacity
Requirements Interfaces need to be tightly managements
CBTC signalling system Central Section Systems Engineering Process
Compliance with Interoperability REGs and TSI’s Operational Concepts
RCC
RCC Span of View

Interfaces RCC Span of Control

Network Rail signalling – conventional & ETCS Pudding
Lane
Junction
Outer Central Outer
Section Section Section

Portobello
Junction

Abbey Wood
Turn Back
Operations Sidings
Outer Section - Mixed fleet
- Feeder branch lines Transition Boundary
Central Section - Single passenger fleet & Engineering
trains
- ATP/ATO/ATR/ATS
- Driverless / Out of service Auto
Reversing locations
- Automatic Dwell Time Management 8
 ETCS L2 with ATO
Dwell Time Management

Traffic
Management with
Driver Advisory
System

9
Copenhagen S-Bane

Converging branch
lines create central
section capacity
constraint

Single Fleet

10
Project Signalling Comparisons

Outer Section Central Section Outer Section

ThamesLink P1 Colour Lights ETCS L2 + ATO Colour Lights

P2 ETCS L2 ETCS L2 + ATO ETCS L2

Crossrail P1 Colour Lights CBTC Colour Lights

P2 ETCS L2 CBTC ETCS L2

S-Tog CBTC CBTC CBTC

Possibly Multi Fleet

Single Fleet
Operation in the
Operation
future 11
 Equip
op
Inter
Service
Op
Inter
Railway Type Example Operations Signalling Busines
[fleet] s
Priority
Simple Metro Captive fleet Localised Desirable NA Capacity
Victoria Line Single if part of
Service network

Local network Metro Captive fleet Localised desirable Yes Capacity

S-Tog Single service Inter Op /
SSL Flexibility
NYCT

National / Regional Main Line Multiple fleets Standardised Yes Yes Inter Op
Network Europe / services Legacy
Systems

Non Europe?

Hybrid Crossrail Multiple fleets Standard Yes Yes Inter Op

Thameslink / services Main Capacity
EOLE On branch Network
lines Localised in
Single in core core

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Trends Mainline?

Mainline networks terminus stations at

major cities connect by city metro
Through network travel via capital city
interchange
Legacy
Networks

Legacy Mainline
networks connected by Legacy
new through services Networks
Evolution

Emerging cities can Emerging

provide through services New
from network inception Networks
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Trends Metro? Urban Area
New Metro’s

Inner city
Urban Area

Mature Metro’s
Inner city

Urban Area

Rapidly expanding
cities can take a
Inner city
different path

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Capacity Comparison

Brake Curve Calculation Delta

Comms latency
TPH

Technology 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

Coloured Lights

ETCS L2

Thameslink
ETCS L2 + ATO

ETCS L3 + ATO
Crossrail S-Tog
CBTC

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Performance Delta
CBTC ETCS L3 + ATO Capacity
Performance
degradation
estimate
Braking Curve Optimised for the Worst case -4thp
Calculation specific fleet of scenario to
vehicles on the accommodate all
local network possible inter
operatable
conditions
throughout Europe.
Communications Supplier specific GSMR, has slower - 2tph
i.e Wi-Fi, Spread response times
spectrum and impacts
capacity

If CBTC and ETCS L3 with ATO were deployed on the same network with the
same braking calculation and comms system would they perform the same?
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What is the technical difference

CBTC ETCS
Hardware ? ?

Software ? ?

Will a common platform lead to an adaptive system

Inter operable on branch lines – Optimised for capacity at bottle necks
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Signalling enabled benefits

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 Features & Benefits

Feature CBTC ETCS Capacity Cost Customer Carbon

ATP    Safety
ATR / ATO  Under   Energy
development Driver Efficient
Training profiles
& Skills

Automation   
DAS Integrated Independent Independent 
Traffic Traffic Traffic
Management Management Management
PTI / PEDs  Safety

Which features would you transfer between CBTC and ETCS

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Automation Levels
Grade of Train Initiating Stopping Closing the Operation Example System
Automation Operation Train the Train Doors during
(GOA) Type Motion Disruption

ATP with Driver Driver Driver Driver Proven in UK

1 Driver mainline rail

ATP and ATO Automatic Automatic Driver Driver LUL Victoria Line
2 with Driver and Central Line
MTRC Hong Kong

Driverless Automatic Automatic Train Train Docklands Light

3 Train Attendant Attendant Rail
Operation
(DTO)

Unattended Automatic Automatic Automatic Automatic Vancouver

4 Train Skytrain,
Operation Singapore North
(UTO) East Line, Marina
Line
Paris, Metior Line
Many airport inter
terminal shuttle
trains

20