RELATIVE

WHAT ARE THEY? SENTENCES HOW MANY ARE THERE? 2. NON-DEFINNING.

RELATIVE clauses give
essential or additional
information to define,
identify or have additional
knowledge about the person or
thing we are talking about
RELATIVE PRONOUNS
1.DEFINING. . They don’t identify the
people or things we are
They are used to talking about, but give
identify the person or additional information.
thing we are talking They are essentially found
about. in written form.

1. WHO is used for people when the
pronoun is the subject of the clause.
If it is the object it can be omitted.
“The teacher who came to school this
year is from Ireland”
“The teacher (Whom) you saw yesterday
at school is from Ireland”
2. WHOM is used for people when the
pronoun is the object of the clause
(though it can normally be omitted.
3. WHOSE is used for the possessive
case.
Anna, whose sister works in my office,
is getting married.
Sometimes you can use “with” instead.
“The boy whose arm is broken is very
clever” “The boy with the broken arm
is very clever”.
4. WHICH is used for things, subject
or object of the clause. If it is the
object it can be omitted.
The man who is sitting Alex, who used to be a
next to Alex is a football player, is now a
friend of mine teacher in my school
The programme which is Madrid, which is the city
about wild life is on where I live, is the
tonight” capital of Spain”
The relative pronoun . They are placed between
can be omitted when it commas, or appear at the
is the object of the end.
clause.
. In all cases a relative
pronoun is required. They
3. CO-ORDINATING
. They refer to the whole of the main clause and the
only pronoun ever used is WHICH.
She speaks very fast, which makes it hard to understand
what she says.
. WHAT can be used with the meaning (“the thing
which…”) when there is no antecedent (i.e. no noun or
pronoun to which it refers)
I didn’t understand what she said

USE OF RELATIVES WITH PREPOSITIONS.

“ The book which is on the table is
the one (which) you lent me.” In formal style prepositions are placed before the
pronoun:
6. THAT is more common and is used for
people and things, subject or object, “The person to whom I spoke was my uncle”
after superlatives and after
indefinite pronouns (something, all, In informal stile it is more common to move the
everything…etc. preposition to the end:
“The person (whom /who) I spoke to was my uncle”
“He is the best football player that “The woman I told you about is very hardworking”
I’ve ever seen” “The people you were at dinner with last night are
1. DECIDE WHETER very
AREgood friends NON
of mine”
7. WHEN AND WHERE are THE FOLLOWIN SENTENCES
relative DEFININIG, -DEFINING OR COORDINATING.
Write
adverbs. commas when necessary
“That is the house where I lived when
1. Alan whose job involves travelling a lot has already been to all countries in
I was a child”
“Do you know the time when his plane
Europe.
takes off.
2. The house I have just rented is near my office.
3. He offered me to let me stay in his house which was very kind of him.
4. This is the new teacher that I told you about.
5. Madonna who is a well-known singer is over 50.
6. You can visit London by boat which is pleasant.
7. That is the woman who complained about the room service
8. The part of the city where I live is very noisy which makes it difficult to
sleep at night.
9. The person who is sitting next to me is not very clever.
2. COMPLETE THESE SENTENCES WITH A SUITABLE
RELATIVE PRONOUN OR ADVERB
1.That is the man ______________ helped me
when I couldn’t find the street.
2.Is that your house? No, mine is the one
______ is on the corner.
3.That is the girl _________________ failed
five subjects this term.
4.This is the place ________________we first
met. Do you remember?
5.So, Peter is the man _______________daughter
is coming to my school this year.
6.If you have any question, ask the girl
________ is standing at the desk. She'll help
you.
7.They had to put away the dog___________ bit
the boy. It was too dangerous.
9.I'm looking for a person ___________ name
begins with a "k".
10.Do you still go to that Café
_____________ we used to go as students?
11.The heating is not working. Do you know
anyone ______________ can fix it?
12.Jim, _______________ I've known for years,
is my best friend.
13.My new coat,__________________ I bought in
New York, is very warm and comfortable.
4. JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES. OMIT THE
14.My boss,____________ wife is French, travels
PRONOUN
to ParisWHERE POSSIBLE
regularly.
1. The dress is beautiful. Anne is wearing the
dress.
______________________________________
2. The person is not very kind. I was speaking
to that person.
______________________________________
3. The music is horrible. The new band is
playing the music.
______________________________________
4. The man has gone to London. He was here
yesterday
______________________________________
5. Women are to be admired. Women work in
hospitals.
______________________________________
6. The document has no signature. We received
the document yesterday
______________________________________
7. The car is very big. You are driving it.
______________________________________
8. The street is very wide. You live in this
street
______________________________________
9. The girl has left the room. I was talking to
her mother.
3. JOIN THESE SENTENCES USING RELATIVE PRONOUNS
OMIT THE PRONOUN IF POSSIBLE. ADD COMMAS IF
NECESSARY.
• My school is very big. It is in Madrid.
• My school _____________________________ is
very big.
• I bought this cake yesterday. It is
delicious.
• The cake ____________________________is
delicious.
• Anna is a nurse. Her father is a doctor.
• Anna_________________________ is a nurse.
• I bought a TV set last month. It doesn't work
properly.
• The TV_________________________ doesn't work
properly.
• Mr Dale is a very famous doctor. We visited
him last week.
• Mr Dale ________________________is a very
famous doctor
• Peter has a new dog. It is very friendly.
• The new dog __________________________ is
very friendly.
• Helen is the woman. She took me to
hospital when I felt sick.
B. JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITH
• Mrs Kelly is the woman_____________________
PREPOSITIONS
1. The ball is very small. We are playing with
that ball.
___________________________________
2. The knife is very sharp. We cut bread with
the knife.
___________________________________
3. The man works in my office. I gave the book
to him.
___________________________________
4. The actor won the Oscar. You were telling
me about him yesterday.
___________________________________
5. The boy hit Peter on the head. You were
speaking to him.
___________________________________
6. The glass is dirty. You are drinking out of
it. __________________________________
7. Here comes the girl. Everybody makes fun of
her.
REVIEW
1. I told her that she had been very rude. This annoyed her very much.
___________________________________________________________________
2. The woman is a famous doctor. Her husband is a member of our club.
___________________________________________________________________
3. My grandmother is very old. She can hardly walk.
___________________________________________________________________
4. I told the whole matter to the headmaster but he said it wasn’t his business.
___________________________________________________________________
5. Her sister always helps him with his homework. He likes this a lot.
___________________________________________________________________
6. The children were very afraid of lightning. They live opposite our house
___________________________________________________________________
7. Someone stole the TV last night. They knew the house very well.
___________________________________________________________________
8. That old man thinks women should stay at home. He has outworn ideas.
___________________________________________________________________
9. We trusted him. This was a silly thing to do.
___________________________________________________________________
10. Margaret was in love with Peter. She did not want to tell him.
___________________________________________________________________
11. Paul is a friend of my son’s. He’s playing football on the backyard.
___________________________________________________________________
12. The people next door often go out for dinner. They are quite wealthy.
___________________________________________________________________
13. The little girls are my daughters. They’re playing with their dolls.
___________________________________________________________________
14. Everything went according to plan. This pleased them a lot.
___________________________________________________________________
15. He is going to marry a girl. She is an English teacher.
___________________________________________________________________
16. I offered them my help. They rejected it.
___________________________________________________________________
17. Chess is quite a difficult game. More and more people are learning to play it.
___________________________________________________________________

18. That person wants to study history. You spoke to her at the meeting

___________________________________________________________________

19. Helen plays the piano brilliantly. She is only 9 years old.
____________________________________________________________________
20. The sweets are delicious. I bought them yesterday

____________________________________________________________________