Journal of Current Trends in Electrical Engineering

Volume 2 Issue 1

Verification of Ferranti Effect for Different Length Transmission

Lines Using MATLAB Simulation

Aditya Sharma1, Nitin Kumar Saxena2, Ashutosh Diwedi3

Department of Electrical Engineering
Moradabad Institute of Technology, Moradabad, India
Corresponding Authors: adityaengg02@gmail.com1,nitinsaxena.iitd@gmail.com2,ashudiwedi92@gmail.com3

Abstract
In transmissions line loading of the line has prime importance because many factors including
Ferranti effect become more dominating for lightly loaded lines. The different studies have been
done to characterize the effect on transmission line. This paper presents the verification of
Ferranti effect on different transmission lines through MATLAB simulink model. The main aim
of this paper is to create an interaction between the conceptual terminology of power system and
MATLAB software so that young researchers can create their interest and confidence in
software handing with the wide area of electrical engineering. A transmission line modeled is
developed on MATLAB and results are obtained under lightly loaded transmission line. Results
verify the fundamental concept of Ferranti effect in power system through MATLAB software
simulink model.

Keywords: Ferranti effect, transmission (π) line, MATLAB simulink, output voltages.

INTRODUCTION receiving end voltage is higher than the

In electrical system, the current flows from
higher potential to lower potential so the
high potential (sending end voltage) is
higher than the low potential (receiving end
voltage) but in long transmission line . Sir
S.Z FERRANTI, 1890 says that the
sending end voltage but the receiving end
side no load or lightly load [1]. In electrical
engineering, the Ferranti effect is an
increase in voltage occurring at the receiving
end of a long transmission line, above the
voltage at the sending end. This occurs when

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 Journal of Current Trends in Electrical Engineering
Volume 2 Issue 1

the line is energized, but there is a very light
load or the load is disconnected. The
capacitive line charging current produces a
voltage drop across the line inductance that
is in-phase with the sending end voltages
considering the line resistance as negligible
.Therefore both line inductance and
capacitance are responsible for this
phenomenon [2]. In short transmission line
the effect of shunt capacitance can be
ignored and line is designated as short line.
In medium and long transmission line the
effect of shunt capacitance becomes more
and more pronounced with increased in the
length of line. In medium transmission line
the shunt capacitance can be considered as
lumped [3]. it is the effect of capacitive
charging current as it flows through the
inductance of line and resulting that as
length of line increases over voltage also
increases [4]. The Ferranti effect describes
the strong phenomenon that certain
conditions on length of line and frequency, a
rise in voltage is found at an open ended
transmission line as source voltage is
relatively sinusoidal in nature. The value of
receiving end voltage is increase with the
length effect by varying the length of
transmission line The receiving end voltage
are increase in a particular line length. At
the different line length the value of
receiving end voltage are different.
Working Methodology
Ferranti effect can be explained by
considering a nominal π-model of the line in
figure 1. Figure 2 shows the phasor diagram
of nominal π transmission line. Here OM
represents the receiving end voltag . OC
represents the current Ic1through the
capacitor C/2 at the receiving end. The
voltage drop Ic1R across the resistance R is
shown by MN. It is in phase with Ic1. The
voltage drop across X is Ic1X.It is
represented by the phasor NP which leads
the phasor Ic1R by 90°.The phasor OP
represents the sending end voltage Vs under
no-load condition. It is seen from the phasor
diagram that < . In other words, the
voltage at the receiving end is greater than
the voltage at the sending end when line no
load.
Fig 1: Nominal π model of the line at no
load

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 Journal of Current Trends in Electrical Engineering
Volume 2 Issue 1

Fig 2: Phasor diagram for nominal π circuit.

From π -model,

…………….. (I) …………….. (III)

for open circuit line; =0 The quantity is constant in all line and is
equal to velocity of propagation of
electromagnetic waves (=

= LC

Substituting the value in equation (III);

…………….. (II)

Neglecting resistance;

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 Journal of Current Trends in Electrical Engineering
Volume 2 Issue 1

equation (I) then the peak value of receiving

…………… (V) end voltage are 568.51 volt, 578.07 volt ,

ΔV α k 593.94 volt and 620.08 volt and so on

……………. (VI) respectively with help of equation (VII).

The rise voltage is proportional to the square Results for Simulation with Methodology

of length of lines, that is, ΔV α k , where The three phase PI line is important to verify

the length of line and k is a constant for all the Ferranti effect. In the Mat lab simulink

voltage levels. three phase PI line free from the load. In

So, three phase source has 400volts (rms) ,

frequency 50 hertz, source resistance .1
ohm, source inductance……………..
0 and phase are(VII)
internally star connected with each other.
The three phase source gives the supply to
then;
three phase PI line. In the three phase PI line
produced the important parameter.
Parameters will be considered as lumped.
Using the three phase voltage measurement,
So, measure the receiving end voltage .The
Vs < or; > Vs MATLAB simulink model are shown in
………… (VIII) figure3.

i.e. receiving end voltage is greater than At the sending side,

sending end voltage and this effect is called The rms value of source voltage =400volt
Ferranti Effect. It is valid for open circuit
condition of long line. The peak value of source
voltage=565.68volt
At the line length is 100km,
200km,300km,400km,and so on then the The three phase line produced the important
value of receiving end voltage is increase as parameters which are following:
0.5%,2.19%,4.99%,8.77%, and so on using
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 Journal of Current Trends in Electrical Engineering
Volume 2 Issue 1

Positive and Zero sequence Resistance = A study has been done for the different line
0.3, 0.1 Ohms/km length. Fig. 4 represents the sending end
Positive and Zero sequence inductance= voltage waveform for all the cases. The
0.89337e-3, .12647e-3 H/km sending end voltage in each case is,

Positive and Zero sequence capacitance =
12.749e-9, 12.751e-9 F/km
These parameter values are varying with the
length of line. From the figure 3, with the
help of three phase PI line, the length of
line are vary as
100km,200km,300km,400km,and so on then
the values of parameter will also change.
The parameters are change then the no load
receiving end side the voltage rise. The
rising voltages are depending on the length
of line.
The rms value of source voltage =400volt
The peak value of source
voltage=565.68volt.
As the line length is increasing the receiving
end voltage are plotted in Fig. 5 to 8 for 100
km, 200 km, 300 km and 400 km line
length. The results are also compared in
Table 1. Results shows that the receiving
end voltage is continuously increasing with
the increase the line length. Fig. 9 shows the
increasing pattern in receiving end voltage
for increase in line length.

Fig3. Simulation Diagram of Three-Phase long transmission line (π-model).

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 Journal of Current Trends in Electrical Engineering
Volume 2 Issue 1

Fig. 4: Three phase sending end voltage

Fig. 5: Three phase receiving end voltage at 100 km

Fig. 6: Three phase receiving end voltage at 200 km

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 Journal of Current Trends in Electrical Engineering
Volume 2 Issue 1

Fig. 7: Three phase receiving end voltage at 300 km

Fig. 8: Three phase receiving end voltage at 400 km

Table 1: Different values of sending end voltage and corresponding values of receiving end
voltage and percentage rise in voltage.

Sr. Sending end Line Using Using Percentage

No. voltage length mathematically MATLAB increase in
equation receiving Simulink rise
(Peak Value in (in km)
end voltage receiving end voltage
1. V)
565.68 100 568.51 568.93 0.5%
voltage
2. 565.68 200 (Peak Value in V)
578.07 578.55 2.19%
3. 565.68 300 593.94 595.24
(Peak Value in 4.93%
4. 565.68 400 620.08 619.56 8.77%
V)

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 Journal of Current Trends in Electrical Engineering
Volume 2 Issue 1

Fig. 9: Graph between receiving end voltage and length of line

CONCLUSION REFERENCES
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 Journal of Current Trends in Electrical Engineering
Volume 2 Issue 1

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